考研考博-英語(yǔ)-南京信息工程大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-南京信息工程大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Theeradicationofsmallpoxinspiredtheworldtoeradicateotherinfectiousdiseases.Thisoptimismwasinvain,asinfectiousdiseasesarestillabigprobleminsomepartsoftheworld.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.callous

B.deliberate

C.futile

D.negligent

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.callous無(wú)情的；麻木的B.deliberate故意的；深思熟慮的

C.futile無(wú)用的D.negligent疏忽的

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】第一句句意為：天花的消滅帶動(dòng)全世界其他傳染病的消滅。劃線短語(yǔ)后句意為：因?yàn)閭魅静≡谑澜缫恍┑貐^(qū)仍然是一個(gè)大問題。根據(jù)這兩句之間的邏輯可知，這種樂觀是徒勞的。因此C選項(xiàng)futile“無(wú)用的”正確。劃線短語(yǔ)invain“徒勞的，無(wú)用的”。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D選項(xiàng)均無(wú)法與空格前后構(gòu)成相應(yīng)邏輯關(guān)系。

【句意】天花的根除激勵(lì)了全世界去根除其他傳染病。這種樂觀是徒勞的，因?yàn)閭魅静≡谑澜缫恍┑貐^(qū)仍然是一個(gè)大問題。

2.翻譯題

Etiquette

Tobeabletoanswerthequestion“Isetiquetteimportant?”onemusthaveanunderstandingofthetruemeaningoftheword.Thereisnosimpledefinitionofsynonym,buttome“consideration”comestheclosest.Allgoodmannersarebasedonthoughtfulnessforothers,andifeveryonelivedbytheGoldenRule—“Dountoothersasyouwouldhaveothersdountoyou”—therewouldbenobadmannersintheworld.Therehavebeenmanyattemptstodefine“etiquette”overtheyears,butmyownparticularfavoritewasfoundinanoldgrammarbook.Itis,“Politenessistodoandsaythekindestthinginthekindestway.”

Thetypeofpersonforwhombooksonetiquetteholdaninteresthaschangedalmostasmuchasmannersthemselves.UntilthefirsteditionofEtiquettewasprintedin1922,theideaprevailedthatmannersheldlittleinterestforanyoneotherthantherich,ormembersofso-called“society”.Today,fortunately,ourattitudetowardmannerisfarmoresensible.

【答案】禮儀

“禮儀重要嗎？”若要回答這個(gè)問題，我們必須懂得“禮儀”一詞的真正含義。我們無(wú)法把這個(gè)詞簡(jiǎn)單地定義或給出某個(gè)同義詞，而在我看來，“體諒”則是最貼切的詮釋。一切禮貌的行為舉止皆以體貼他人為基礎(chǔ)。如果人人都能遵循“己所不欲，勿施于人”這一黃金法則，這世界上也就不會(huì)有不禮貌的行為了。多年來，很多人都試圖給“禮儀”定義，但我特別喜愛的解釋是在一本古老的語(yǔ)法書中發(fā)現(xiàn)的，書中這樣寫到，“文雅就是善良地做事，和善地說話。”

對(duì)禮儀書籍感興趣的那一類人的變化幾乎和禮儀本身一樣大。直到1922年《禮儀》第一版出版，人們普遍認(rèn)為，除了富人或所謂“社會(huì)”成員之外，任何人對(duì)禮儀都不感興趣。今天，幸運(yùn)的是，我們對(duì)待禮貌的態(tài)度要明智得多。

3.單選題

People______allsortsofdisabilitiesandrecoverfromallsortsofthings.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.getover

B.getaway

C.getoff

D.getaheadof

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項(xiàng)getover“克服，恢復(fù)”，B項(xiàng)getaway“離開，逃脫”，C項(xiàng)getoff“動(dòng)身”，D項(xiàng)getaheadof“超過，勝過”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞allsortsofdisabilities（各種各樣的障礙/殘疾）可推測(cè)，空格處表示“克服”，A項(xiàng)符合。句意：人們克服各種障礙，從各種事情中恢復(fù)過來。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Whilefashionisthoughtofusuallyinrelationtoclothing,itisimportanttorealizethatitcoversamuchwiderdomain.Itistobefoundinmanners,thearts,literature,andphilosophy,andmayevenreachintocertainareasofscience.Infact,itmayoperateinanyfieldofgrouplife,apartfromthetechnologicalandutilitarianareaandtheareaofthesacred.Itsoperationrequiresaclasssociety,forinitsessentialcharacteritdoesnotoccureitherinahomogeneoussocietylikeaprimitivegroup,orinacaste(社會(huì)等級(jí))society.

Fashionbehavesasamovement,andonthisbasisitisdifferentfromcustomwhich,bycomparison,isstatic.Thisisduetothefactthatfashionisbasedfundamentallyondifferentiationandemulation.Inaclasssociety,theupperclassesorso-calledsocialelitearenotabletodifferentiatethemselvesbyfixedsymbolsorbadges.Hencethemoreexternalfeaturesoftheirlifeandbehaviorarelikelytobeimitatedbyclassesimmediatelybelowthem,who,inturn,areimitatedbygroupsimmediatelybelowtheminthesocialstructure.Thisprocessgivestofashionaverticaldescent.However,theeliteclassfindsthatitisnolongerdistinguishable,byreasonoftheimitationmadebyothers,andhenceisledtoadoptnewdifferentiatingcriteria,onlytodisplacetheseastheyinturnareimitated.Itisprimarilythisfeaturethatmakesfashionintoamovementandwhichhasledonewritertoremarkthatafashion,oncelaunched,movestoitsdoom.

Asamovement,fashionshowlittleresemblancetoanyoftheothermovementswhichwehaveconsidered.Whileitoccursspontaneouslyandmovesalonginacharacteristiccycle,itinvolveslittleinthewayofcrowdbehavioranditisnotdependentuponthediscussionprocessandtheresultingpublicopinion.Itdoesnotdependuponthemechanismsofwhichwehavespoken.Theparticipantsarenotrecruitedthroughagitation.Nomoraleisbuiltupamongthem.Nordoesthefashionmovementhave,orrequired,anideology.Further,sinceitdoesnothavealeadershipimpartingconsciousdirectiontothemovement,itdoesnotbuildupasetoftactics.Peopletakepartinthefashionmovementvoluntarilyandinresponsetotheinterestingandpowerfulkindofcontrolwhichfashionimposesonthem.

1.Itisknownfromthefirstparagraphthat________.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingpeopleusuallyleadanewfashion?

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementistrue?

4.Accordingtotheauthor,afashionmovement________.

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatafashionmovement________.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.fashionoriginatesinaclasssociety

B.fashioncanbefoundonlyinafewfieldsofgrouplife

C.fashionoperatesineverysociety

D.peopleliketokeepupwithfashioninaprimitivesociety

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Philosophers.

B.Artists.

C.Thesocialelite.

D.Writers.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Fashion,asamovement,istrue.

B.Theupperclassesplayalittleroleinmakingfashionintoamovement.

C.Afashionwillnevervanishonceitislaunched.

D.Afashionisdestinedtodisappearonceitislaunched.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.haslittleincommonwithothermovements

B.willeventuallydevelopintoasocialorganization

C.hasapowerfulleadershipguidingit

D.hasasetofsymbolsandvalues

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.functionsinthesamewayasspecificsocialmovements

B.isaformofexpressivebehavior

C.canboostthemoraleofitsparticipants

D.contributesagreatdealtothewayofcrowdbehavior

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句Itsoperationrequiresaclasssociety,forinitsessentialcharacteritdoesnotoccureitherinahomogeneoussocietylikeaprimitivegroup,orinacastesociety.（它的運(yùn)作需要一個(gè)階級(jí)社會(huì)，因?yàn)閺谋举|(zhì)上講，它既不發(fā)生在原始群體那樣的同質(zhì)社會(huì)，也不發(fā)生在種姓社會(huì)。），可知A選項(xiàng)“時(shí)尚起源于階級(jí)社會(huì)”正確，B選項(xiàng)“時(shí)尚只存在于群體生活的幾個(gè)領(lǐng)域”和C選項(xiàng)“時(shí)尚存在于每個(gè)社會(huì)”錯(cuò)誤，時(shí)尚也不會(huì)存在于原始社會(huì)，D選項(xiàng)“在原始社會(huì)，人們喜歡趕時(shí)髦”錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第四句Hencethemoreexternalfeaturesoftheirlifeandbehaviorarelikelytobeimitatedbyclassesimmediatelybelowthem,who,inturn,areimitatedbygroupsimmediatelybelowtheminthesocialstructure.（因此，他們生活和行為的更多外在特征很可能被直接低于他們的階級(jí)所模仿，反過來，這些階級(jí)又被社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)中直接低于他們的群體所模仿。），這里指的是社會(huì)精英，可知社會(huì)精英引領(lǐng)時(shí)尚，C選項(xiàng)“社會(huì)精英”正確。A選項(xiàng)“哲學(xué)家”，B選項(xiàng)“藝術(shù)家”和D選項(xiàng)“作家”正確。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句Itisprimarilythisfeaturethatmakesfashionintoamovementandwhichhasledonewritertoremarkthatafashion,oncelaunched,movestoitsdoom.（正是這一特點(diǎn)使時(shí)尚成為一種運(yùn)動(dòng)，也正是這一特點(diǎn)使得一位作家評(píng)論道，一種時(shí)尚一旦推出，就注定要滅亡。），可知時(shí)尚會(huì)消亡，也就不是真實(shí)的，D選項(xiàng)“一種時(shí)尚一旦推出就注定要消失”正確，A選項(xiàng)“時(shí)尚是一種真實(shí)的運(yùn)動(dòng)”和C選項(xiàng)“一種時(shí)尚一旦推出就永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)消失”錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“上層階級(jí)在使時(shí)尚成為運(yùn)動(dòng)中發(fā)揮了一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)作用”：上層階級(jí)是推動(dòng)時(shí)尚的主要人群，不符合文章內(nèi)容，故錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第一句Asamovement,fashionshowlittleresemblancetoanyoftheothermovementswhichwehaveconsidered.（作為一種運(yùn)動(dòng)，時(shí)尚與我們考慮過的其他運(yùn)動(dòng)幾乎沒有相似之處。），所以A選項(xiàng)“與其他運(yùn)動(dòng)沒有什么共同之處”正確。C選項(xiàng)“有一個(gè)強(qiáng)有力的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)”：根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二句itdoesnothavealeadershipimpartingconsciousdirectiontothemovement（沒有領(lǐng)導(dǎo)為運(yùn)動(dòng)提供有意識(shí)的方向），可知不符合文章內(nèi)容。B選項(xiàng)“最終會(huì)發(fā)展成一個(gè)社會(huì)組織”和D選項(xiàng)“有一系列符號(hào)和價(jià)值”文章沒有提到。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一句Peopletakepartinthefashionmovementvoluntarilyandinresponsetotheinterestingandpowerfulkindofcontrolwhichfashionimposesonthem.（人們自愿參加時(shí)尚運(yùn)動(dòng)，是對(duì)時(shí)尚強(qiáng)加給他們有趣而有力控制的一種響應(yīng)。），可知時(shí)尚運(yùn)動(dòng)是一種對(duì)時(shí)尚的回應(yīng)，他們通過時(shí)尚運(yùn)動(dòng)這種行為表達(dá)了對(duì)時(shí)尚的態(tài)度，B選項(xiàng)“是一種表達(dá)行為”正確。A選項(xiàng)“其功能與特定的社會(huì)運(yùn)動(dòng)相同”：根據(jù)第三段第一句Asamovement,fashionshowlittleresemblancetoanyoftheothermovementswhichwehaveconsidered.（作為一種運(yùn)動(dòng)，時(shí)尚與我們考慮過的其他運(yùn)動(dòng)幾乎沒有相似之處。），可知時(shí)尚運(yùn)動(dòng)和其他社會(huì)運(yùn)動(dòng)沒有相同之處。C選項(xiàng)“可以提高參與者的士氣”：根據(jù)第三段第五句Nomoraleisbuiltupamongthem.（他們沒有樹立起士氣。），可知時(shí)尚運(yùn)動(dòng)不能提高士氣。D選項(xiàng)“對(duì)人群行為的方式有很大的貢獻(xiàn)”文章沒有提到。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

5.翻譯題

What’syourearliestmemory?Doyourememberlearningtowalk?Thebirthofasibling?Nurseryschool?Adultsrarelyremembereventsfrommuchbeforekindergarten,justaschildrenyoungerthan3or4seldomrecallanyspecificexperiences(asdistinctfromgeneralknowledge).Psychologistshavefloatedallsortsofexplanationsforthis“childhoodamnesia”.Thereductionistsappealedtotheneurological,arguingthatthehippocampus,thebrainregionresponsibleforformingmemories,doesn’tmatureuntilabouttheageof2.Butthereigningtheoryholdsthatsinceadultsdonotthinklikechildren,theycannotaccesschildhoodmemories.Adultsarestuckwithgrown-up“schema”,thebarebonesofnarratives.Whentheyi.ilTlethroughthementalfilingcabinetinsearchoffratimentsofchildhoodmemoriestohangonthisnarrativeskeleton，accordingtothistheory,theydon’tfindanythatIt'sliketryingtofindaFrenchwordinanEnglishindex.(1)

NowpsychologistKatharineNelsonoftheCityUniversityofNewYorkoffersanewexplanationforchildhoodamnesia.ShearguesthatChildrendon’tevenformlasting,long-termmemoriesuntiltheylearntousesomeoneelse’sdescriptionofthoseexperiencestoturntheirownshort-term，fleetingrecollectionsofthemintopermanentinemories.(2)Inotherwords,childrenhavetotalkabouttheirexperiencesandhearotherstalkaboutthem----hearMomrecountthatday’striptothedinosaurmuseum,hearDadrememberaloudtheirtriptotheamusementpark.

Whyshouldmemorydependsoheavilyonnarrative?Nelsonmarshalsevidencethatthemindstructuresremembrancesthatway.Childrenwhosemotherstalkabouttheday’sactivitiesastheywinddowntowardbedtime，forinstance，remembermoreoftheday’sspecialeventsthandochildrenwhosemothersdon’tofferthisnovelisticframework.(3)Talkingaboutaneventinanarrativewayhelpsachildrememberit.Andlearningtostructurememoriesasalong-runningnarrative，Nelsonsuggests，isthekeytoapermanent“autobiographicalmeinory’’，thespecificremembrancesthatfomione’slifestory.(4)(Whatyouhadforlunchyesterdayisn’tpartofit;whatyouateonyourfirstdatewithyourfuturespousemaybe.)

Language,ofcourse,isthekeytosuchanarrative.Childrenlearntoengageintalkaboutthepast.Theestablishmentofthesememoriesisrelatedtotheexperienceoftalkingtootherpeopleaboutthem.Inparticular,achildinustrecognizethataretelling----ofthatmuseumtrip，say----isjustthetripitselfinanothermedium，thatofspeechratherthanexperience.(5)Thatdoesn’thappenuntilthechildisperhapsfourorfive.Bythetimeshe’sreadyforkindergartenshe’llrememberallsortsofthings.Andshemayeven,bythen,havelearnednottoblurtthemoutinpublic.

【答案】1.根據(jù)這種理論，當(dāng)他們（即成年人）飛快地“翻閱大腦文件柜”希望通過尋找童年記憶的片斷來支撐這一敘事框架吋，他們找不到任何合適的記憶片斷。

2.她認(rèn)為，只有通過學(xué)習(xí)他人對(duì)那些經(jīng)歷的描述，從而將自己稍縱即逝的短期記憶變成永久性記憶，兒童才能形成持久的長(zhǎng)期記憶。

3.例如，那些母親在臨睡前談?wù)撘惶斓幕顒?dòng)的孩子，比那些母親不提供這種小說框架的孩子對(duì)于一天的特殊事件記住得更多。

4.納爾遜提出，學(xué)會(huì)將記憶構(gòu)成一種長(zhǎng)期存在的敘述，是形成永久性“自傳式記憶”(即構(gòu)成一個(gè)人生平故事的特定記憶)的關(guān)鍵。

5.尤其是兒童必須認(rèn)識(shí)到諸如博物館之旅的復(fù)述恰恰也是一次出行，只不過換了一種形式，用言語(yǔ)替代了經(jīng)歷。

6.單選題

Shealwayshandledtheproblems（）herownexperienceandprinciples.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inthelightof

B.intheeventof

C.inthefaceof

D.inthecourseof

【答案】A

【解析】介詞詞組辨析。inthelightof根據(jù)，按照；intheeventof如果……發(fā)生；inthefaceof面臨，面對(duì)；inthecourseof在……過程中。句意：她總是根據(jù)自己的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和原則來處理問題。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

7.單選題

Ofthethousandsofdifferentkindsofanimalsthatexistintheworldmanhaslearnedtomakefriendswithanenormousnumber.Somearepets,andofferhimcompanionshipsomegiveprotection,andsomedohardworkwhichmancannotdoforhimself.Dogs,whichservemaninallthreecapacities,arefoundinvariousbreedsinallcountriesoftheworld.TheHuskycanliveinthecoldpolarregions,andtheSalukiisathomeinthehottestpartsofCentralAfrica.Theinhabitantsofcertaincountriesaredependentfortheirverylivesonthecamel.IntheWestIndiesthelittledonkey,strongandsure-footed,carryingheavyloadseveninmountainousplaces,isafamiliarsight.

Trainedandtamedformanygenerations,domesticanimalsarenotaccustomedtoroaming(到處走動(dòng))insearchoffoodandshelter.Theylooktotheirmasterstoprovidefortheirneeds,andaslongasthesearesupplied,theyarecontenttodowhattheirmastersrequire.

Alldomesticanimalsneedproperfood.Itmustbesuitableforthem,sufficientinquantity,freshandclean.Somepeoplefeedapetdogorcatonoddsandendsoftablescraps,andthenwonderwhytheanimalseemslistless(倦怠的)anddull.Thequantityoffooddependsonthesizeoftheanimalandtheamountofexerciseittakes.Overfeedingisasbadasunderfeeding.Containersforfoodandwatermustbewashedregularlyiftheanimalistomaintaingoodhealth.

Evenwellcaredforanimalsmaysometimesfallill.Ifthishappens,thewisemasterseeksthebestadvicehecanget.Allsortsofmedicinesandtreatmentsareavailableforsickanimals,andinsomecountriesorganizationsexisttoprovidethemfreeoratacheapprice.Useful,friendly,hardworkinganimalsdeservetohavesometime,moneyandattentionspentontheirhealth.

1.Whatmainideadoestheauthorwanttoconveyinthefirstparagraph?

2.Whenananimalisunderfed,itwillprobably________.

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofdogsaccordingtothepassage?

4.Tokeepadomesticanimalphysicallyfit,itsownerisadvised________.

5.WhichofthefollowingwouldbebestTITLEforthispassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Insomeregionsadonkeyseemstobeaveryusefulbeast.

B.Ananimalwillbeuselessunlessdomesticated.

C.Thereexiststhousandsofspeciesofanimalsintheworld.

D.Mancametoestablishacloserelationshipwithanumberofanimals.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.requireitsmastertooffersomefood

B.seekforfoodonitsown

C.refusetoobeyitsmaster

D.immediatelyfallill

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Thereliveagreatvarietyofbreedsofdogsontheglobe.

B.TheHuskyandtheSalukiarethestrongestbreedeverknownintheworld.

C.Theycanactasfriends,guards,andservantstoman.

D.Theyhavegreatadaptationfortheenvironment.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.nottoallowittotakeexcessiveamountsofexercise

B.tojoinsomesortofpet-keepingorganizations

C.nottohesitatetospendenormousamountofmoneyonit

D.topayattentiontoitsproperfeeding

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.TheAdvantagesofRaisingDomesticAnimals.

B.SomeTipsonPet-keeping.

C.DomesticatedAnimals-Man’sBestfriend.

D.ProperDiet-theRoadtoHealth.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第一句Ofthethousandsofdifferentkindsofanimalsthatexistintheworldmanhaslearnedtomakefriendswithanenormousnumber.（在世界上存在的成千上萬(wàn)種不同的動(dòng)物中，人類已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了與大量的動(dòng)物交朋友。），可知人類和許多動(dòng)物關(guān)系密切，隨后舉出具體的例子，D選項(xiàng)“人與許多動(dòng)物建立了密切的關(guān)系”正確。A選項(xiàng)“在某些地區(qū)，驢似乎是一種非常有用的牲畜”，B選項(xiàng)“除非被馴化，否則動(dòng)物是無(wú)用的”和C選項(xiàng)“世界上有成千上萬(wàn)種動(dòng)物”不是表達(dá)的重點(diǎn)。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段Theylooktotheirmasterstoprovidefortheirneeds,andaslongasthesearesupplied,theyarecontenttodowhattheirmastersrequire.（他們指望主人滿足他們的需要，只要主人滿足了他們的需要，他們就滿足于去做主人所要求的事情。），可知家畜把所有需求的滿足放在主人身上，如果不被滿足，就不會(huì)服從主人，C選項(xiàng)“拒絕服從主人”正確，B選項(xiàng)“尋找食物”錯(cuò)誤。A選項(xiàng)“要求它的主人給一些食物”：動(dòng)物不會(huì)表達(dá)明確的要求，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“很快病倒”：根據(jù)第三段第三句Somepeoplefeedapetdogorcatonoddsandendsoftablescraps,andthenwonderwhytheanimalseemslistlessanddull.（有些人用餐桌上的殘羹剩飯來喂寵物狗或貓，然后又想知道為什么這些動(dòng)物看起來無(wú)精打采。），可知缺乏營(yíng)養(yǎng)不會(huì)讓動(dòng)物馬上病倒，而是沒有精神。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第四句TheHuskycanliveinthecoldpolarregions,andtheSalukiisathomeinthehottestpartsofCentralAfrica.（哈士奇可以生活在寒冷的極地地區(qū)，而薩盧基則生活在中非最熱的地區(qū)。），哈士奇和薩盧基分別可以在極寒和極熱的地方生活，可以說明狗對(duì)環(huán)境的適應(yīng)力很強(qiáng)，但不能說明它們是最強(qiáng)壯的狗，A選項(xiàng)“地球上生活著各種品種的狗”和D選項(xiàng)“他們對(duì)環(huán)境有很大的適應(yīng)能力”符合文章內(nèi)容，B選項(xiàng)“哈士奇和薩盧基是世界上已知的最強(qiáng)壯的品種”不符合文章內(nèi)容。C選項(xiàng)“他們可以充當(dāng)人類的朋友、守衛(wèi)和仆人”：根據(jù)第一段第二句Somearepets,andofferhimcompanionshipsomegiveprotection,andsomedohardworkwhichmancannotdoforhimself.（有些是寵物，給他陪伴，有些給他保護(hù)，有些做人類自己不能做的艱苦工作。），分別對(duì)應(yīng)朋友、守衛(wèi)和仆人的角色，符合文章內(nèi)容。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

4.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。作者在第三段第一句提出Alldomesticanimalsneedproperfood.（所有的家畜都需要適當(dāng)進(jìn)食。），隨后具體地說明如何適當(dāng)進(jìn)食，D選項(xiàng)“注意適當(dāng)喂養(yǎng)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“不允許它進(jìn)行過量的運(yùn)動(dòng)”：文中沒有提到。B選項(xiàng)“加入寵物飼養(yǎng)組織”：根據(jù)第四段第三句Allsortsofmedicinesandtreatmentsareavailableforsickanimals,andinsomecountriesorganizationsexisttoprovidethemfreeoratacheapprice.（生病的動(dòng)物可以得到各種各樣的藥物和治療，在一些國(guó)家有組織免費(fèi)或低價(jià)提供。），可知這主要是針對(duì)治病，而不是保持身體健康。C選項(xiàng)“毫不猶豫地花大量的錢來照顧”：Useful,friendly,hardworkinganimalsdeservetohavesometime,moneyandattentionspentontheirhealth.（這些有用、友好、勤勞的動(dòng)物值得為它們的健康花費(fèi)一些時(shí)間、金錢和注意力。），這里指花費(fèi)一些金錢而不是大量。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】主旨大意題。文章第一段提出人類需要家養(yǎng)動(dòng)物，第二段講家養(yǎng)動(dòng)物需要人類獲取住所和食物，第三段和第四段講如何照顧家養(yǎng)動(dòng)物，綜合來看，C選項(xiàng)“家養(yǎng)動(dòng)物——人類最好的朋友”正確。A選項(xiàng)“飼養(yǎng)家畜的優(yōu)點(diǎn)”和B選項(xiàng)“養(yǎng)寵物的一些建議”：是文章的部分內(nèi)容，不足以概括全文。D選項(xiàng)“正確的飲食——通往健康之路”：文章不是講飲食，而是家養(yǎng)動(dòng)物。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Insomecountrieswhereracialprejudiceisacute,violencehascometobetakenforgrantedasameansofsolvingdifferences,thatitisnotevenquestioned.Therearecountrieswherethewhitemanimposedhisrulebybruteforce;therearecountrieswheretheblackmanprotestsbysettingfiretocitiesandbylootingandpillaging.Importantpeopleonbothsides,whowouldinotherrespectsappealtobereasonablemen,getupandcalmlyargueinfavorofviolenceasifitwerealegitimatesolution,likeanyother.Whatisreallyfrightening,whatreallyfillsyouwithdespair,istherealizationthatwhenitcomestothecrunch,wehavemadenoactualprogressatall.Wemaywearcollarsandtiesinsteadofwar-paint,butourinstinctsremainbasicallyunchanged.Thewholeoftherecordedhistoryofthehumanrace,thattediousdocumentationofviolence,hastaughtusabsolutelynothing.Wehavestillnotlearntthatviolenceneversolvesaproblembutmakeitmoreacute.Thesheerhorror,thebloodshedandthesufferingmeannothing.Nosolutionevercomestolightthemorningafterthenwedismallycontemplatethesmokingruinsandwonderwhathitus.

Thetrulyreasonablemenwhoknowwherethesolutionsliearefindingitharderandhardertogetahearing.Theyaredespised,mistrustedandevenpersecutedbytheirownkindbecausetheyadvocatesuchapparentlyoutrageousthingsaslawenforcement.Ifhalftheenergythatgoesintoviolentactswereputtogooduse,ifoureffortsweredirectedatcleaninguptheslumsandghettos,atimprovingliving-standardsandprovidingeducationandemploymentforall,Wewouldnothavegonealongwaytoarrivingatasolution.Ourstrengthissappedbyhavingtomopupthemessthatviolenceleavesinitswake.Inawell-directedeffort,itwouldnotbeimpossibletofulfilltheidealsofastablesocialprogramme.Thebenefitsthatcanbederivedfromconstructivesolutionsareeverywhereapparentintheworldaroundus.Genuineandlastingsolutionsarealwayspossible,providingweworkwithintheframeworkofthelaw.

Beforewecanevenbegintocontemplatepeacefulco-existencebetweentheraces,wemustappreciateeachother’sproblems.Andtodothis,wemustlearnaboutthem:itisasimpleexerciseincommunication,inexchanginginformation.“Talk,talk,talk，’’theadvocatesofviolencesay,“allyoueverdoistalk,andwearenonethewiser.”It’sratherlikethestoryofthefamousbarristerwhopainstakinglyexplainedhiscasetothejudge.Afterlisteningtoalengthyargumentthejudgecomplainedthatafterallthistalk,hewasnonethewiser.“Possible,mylord,”thebarristerreplied“nonethewiser,butsurelyfarbetterinformed.”Knowledgeisthenecessary,prerequisitetoWisdom:theknowledgethatviolencecreatestheevilsitpretendstosolve.

1.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?

2.Recordedhistoryhastaughtus（

）.

3.Itcanbeinferredthattrulyreasonablemen

（

）.

4.“Hewasnonethewiser”means

（

）.

5.Accordingtheauthorthebestwaytosolveraceprejudiceis（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.AdvocatingViolence.

B.ViolenceCanDoNothingtoDiminishRacePrejudice.

C.ImportantPeopleonBothSidesViolenceasaLegitimateSolution.

D.TheInstinctsofHumanRaceAreThirstyforViolence.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.violenceneversolvesanything

B.nothing

C.thebloodshedmeansnothing

D.everything

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.can’tgetahearing

B.arelookeddownupon

C.arepersecuted

D.havedifficultyinadvocatinglawenforcement

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.hewasnotatallwiseinlistening

B.Hewasnotatallwiserthannothingbefore

C.Hegainsnothingafterlistening

D.Hemakesnosenseoftheargument

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.lawenforcement

B.knowledge

C.nonviolence

D.moppinguptheviolent

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。題目問的是“這篇文章最適合的標(biāo)題是……”。文章提到有些國(guó)家的人傾向于用暴力解決問題，這種行為甚至被認(rèn)為是理所當(dāng)然的（Insomecountrieswhereracialprejudiceisacute,violencehascometobetakenforgrantedasameansofsolvingdifferences,thatitisnotevenquestioned），接著又提到暴力解決不了問題，只會(huì)讓問題更尖銳（Wehavestillnotlearntthatviolenceneversolvesaproblembutmakeitmoreacute），因此，選項(xiàng)B“暴力不能解決任何種族糾紛”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的“有記錄的歷史教會(huì)我們……”。文章第一段提到“人類有記載的那些關(guān)于暴力的歷史完全沒有教我們?nèi)魏螙|西”（Thewholeoftherecordedhistoryofthehumanrace,thattediousdocumentationofviolence,hastaughtusabsolutelynothing），因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“可以推斷真正理智的人……”。文章第二段第一二句提到“真正理智的人會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的方法越來越難以被傾聽。他們被自己的同類鄙視，不信任、甚至迫害，因?yàn)樗麄冃麚P(yáng)的是讓他人憤怒的事情”（Thetrulyreasonablemenwhoknowwherethesolutionsliearefindingitharderandhardertogetahearing.Theyaredespised,mistrustedandevenpersecutedbytheirownkindbecausetheyadvocatesuchapparentlyoutrageousthingsaslawenforcement），選項(xiàng)D“在支持執(zhí)法上遇到困難”符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“‘Hewasnonethewiser’意味著……”。文章第三段提到“聽了一場(chǎng)冗長(zhǎng)的辯論后，法官抱怨說，聽了這番話，他還是一竅不通”（Afterlisteningtoalengthyargumentthejudgecomplainedthatafterallthistalk,hewasnonethewiser），因此選項(xiàng)C“傾聽后他什么都沒得到”符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“在作者看來，消除種族歧視問題的最好辦法是……”。文章第二段最后一句話提到“只要我們?cè)诜煽蚣軆?nèi)努力，真正的與長(zhǎng)久的解決辦法將有可能”（Genuineandlastingsolutionsarealwayspossible,providingweworkwithintheframeworkofthelaw），選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

9.單選題

ItwaswithgreatdelightthatIreadinyourFebruary（）thelettertotheeditorwrittenbyProf.Johnson.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.issue

B.printing

C.magazine

D.copy

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A:issue“（報(bào)刊或雜志）期刊”；B:printing“印刷;印刷術(shù)”；C:magazine“雜志”；D:copy“一份；復(fù)制品”。句意：非常高興拜讀了貴刊二月的一期中所登載有關(guān)約翰遜教授致編輯的信。結(jié)合此處語(yǔ)義，A為正確答案。

10.填空題

IranintoWangTaoandLiSan（1）thetradefairinMunbaiinFebruary.I（2）seenthemsince2007（3）ofthemliketheirnewjobs,but（4）wantstostayinShenzhenmuchlonger.

【答案】1.at

2.Haven’t

3.Both

4.neither

【解析】1.語(yǔ)法題。此處應(yīng)該用介詞at。Atthetradefair在交易會(huì)上。

2.

語(yǔ)法題。此處有提示詞since,所以此處表示

“自從2007年來,就沒見過他們了”,因此用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定haven’t

done。

3.語(yǔ)義題。此處填both(兩者都…)符合句意。

4.語(yǔ)義題。Neither表示“都不”。

11.單選題

Alargebuildingmayhaveaheating（

）bywhichalltheroomaresteam-heated.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.appliance

B.apparatus

C.furniture

D.equipment

【答案】B

【解析】近義詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)appliance“器械，裝置”，側(cè)重指家用機(jī)器或設(shè)備，尤指家用電器；B選項(xiàng)apparatus“設(shè)備，儀器”，一般指復(fù)雜的儀器設(shè)備；C選項(xiàng)furniture“家具”；D選項(xiàng)equipment“設(shè)備，器材”，多指成套的或重型的設(shè)備或裝備。句意：大建筑物可能會(huì)有暖氣設(shè)備，所有的房間都是通過蒸汽加熱。選項(xiàng)B更符合語(yǔ)境。

12.單選題

Homeeconomistsrecommend______inlargequantities.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tobuybasicfooditems

B.buyingbasicitemsofthefood

C.buyingbasicfooditems

D.tobuybasicitemsofthefood

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.tobuybasicfooditems購(gòu)買基本食品B.buyingbasicitemsofthefood購(gòu)買基本食品

C.buyingbasicfooditems購(gòu)買基本食品D.tobuybasicitemsofthefood購(gòu)買基本食品

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】固定搭配。

【解題思路】fooditems是常見搭配，表示“食品”，可先排除B、D項(xiàng)；recommend可以和todo搭配，也可以與doing搭配，但是如果后面跟不定式，recommend后面要跟sb.，recommendsb.todosth.表示“建議某人去做某事”；如果后面跟doing，recommend可以直接跟，recommenddoingsth.表示“建議做某事”，所以此處選擇C項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)要加sb.才符合搭配，故排除；

B、D項(xiàng)不符合固定搭配。

【句意】家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家建議大量購(gòu)買基本食品。

13.翻譯題

各國(guó)文明的多樣性，是人類社會(huì)的基本特征，也是推動(dòng)世界文明進(jìn)步的重要?jiǎng)恿?。?dāng)今世界擁有60億人口，200多個(gè)國(guó)家和地區(qū)，2500多個(gè)民族，5000多種語(yǔ)言。由于歷史傳統(tǒng)、宗教信仰、文化背景、社會(huì)制度、價(jià)值觀念和發(fā)展程度的不同，各個(gè)國(guó)家和地區(qū)才具有了各自鮮明的特征，整個(gè)人類文明也因此而交相輝映、多姿多彩、富有活力。這種文明的多樣性是在歷史長(zhǎng)河中形成的，并將長(zhǎng)期存在下去。我們應(yīng)該尊重和維護(hù)各國(guó)文明的多樣性，而不應(yīng)人為歧視或貶低他國(guó)文明；應(yīng)該鼓勵(lì)各種文明在對(duì)話交流中相互借鑒、取長(zhǎng)補(bǔ)短，而不應(yīng)相互隔絕和相互排斥；應(yīng)該倡導(dǎo)各種文明在相互包容、求同存異中共同發(fā)展，而不應(yīng)強(qiáng)求一律、強(qiáng)加于人。

隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化和新科技革命的發(fā)展，國(guó)家間的相互聯(lián)系和相互依存愈益加深，但這并不意味著可以忽視和削弱國(guó)家主權(quán)的地位與作用。必須實(shí)行國(guó)際關(guān)系民主化。不尊重別國(guó)主權(quán)，以大欺小，以強(qiáng)凌弱，推行霸權(quán)主義和強(qiáng)權(quán)政治，實(shí)踐證明是行不通的。

Directions:TranslatethefollowingparagraphfromChineseintoEnglish.PleasewriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.

【答案】Thediversityoftheworld’scivilizationsisabasichallmarkofhumansocietyandanimportantdrivingforcethatpropelshumanprogress.Ourworldtodayhasover6billioninhabitantslivinginmorethan200countriesandregions.Theybreakdownintoover2,500ethnicgroupsandspeakmorethan5,000differentlanguages.Becauseofthedifferenceinhistoricaltradition,faithandculture,orsocialsystem,valuesandlevelofdevelopment,thosecountriesorregionsareoftendifferentfromoneanother.Itisthesedifferencesthatmakeourplanetdazzling,colorfulandbustlingwithlife.Suchdiversityisalegacyofhistoryandwillstaywithusintothefuture.Insteadofharboringbiasagainstordeliberatelybelittlingothercivilizations,weshouldgivefullrespecttothediversityofcivilizationsallovertheworld.Insteadofshuttingeachotheroutinmutualexclusion,weshouldencouragedialoguesandexchangesbetweencivilizationssothattheycanlearnfromeachotherinmutualemulation.Insteadofdemandinguniformityandimposingone’swillonothers,weshouldpromotecommondevelopmentofallcivilizationsinthecourseofmutualtoleranceandseekingagreementwhileshelvingdifferences.

Withtheglobalizationofeconomyandtheadvancementinnew,scientificandtechnologicalrevolution,theinterconnectionandinterdependencebetweencountriesaredevelopingindepth,butthisdoesn’tmeanallowingofignoringandweakeningthestatusandroleofanation’ssovereignty.Itisnecessarytohavegreaterdemocracyininternationalrelations.Practiceindicatesthatthedisregardforothercountries’sovereignty,thepracticeofthebigoppressingthesmallandthestrongbullyingtheweakandthepursuanceofhegemonismandpowerpoliticswon’twork.

14.單選題

Asautomationbecamepopularinmostfactories,laborwasmade（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.disincentive

B.redundant

C.diverse

D.discontent

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞辨析。disincentive妨礙活動(dòng)的；redundant因人員過剩而被解雇的，多余的；diverse不同的，多種多樣的；discontent不滿的。句意:隨著自動(dòng)化在大多數(shù)工廠的普及，勞動(dòng)力被了。因此B項(xiàng)符合句意。

15.單選題

Whenwethinkofcreativepeople,thenamesthatprobablyspringtomindarethoseofmensuchasLeonardodaVinci,AlbertEinstein,andPabloPicasso,i.e.greatartists,inventorsandscientists—aselectandexceptionallygiftedbodyofmenwithraretalentandgenius.Thetendencytoregardcreativityandimaginativethinkingastheexclusiveprovinceofaluckyfewdisregardthecreativeandimaginativeaspectsinherentinthesolutionofmanyofthetasksweregularlyhavetoface—thediscoveryanddevelopmentofnewmethodsandtechniques,theimprovementofoldmethods,existinginventionsandproducts.

Everyonehascreativeabilitytosomeextent.Creativethinkinginvolvesposingoneselfaproblemandthenfindingasolutionalongnewandunconventionallines.Itinvolvesdrawingnewcomparisons,discoveringnewcombinations,and/or