考研考博-英語-宿遷澤達職業(yè)技術(shù)學院考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-宿遷澤達職業(yè)技術(shù)學院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Itbestowstheabilitytoovercomelaziness,temptationsandnegativehabits,andtocarryoutactions,eveniftheyrequireeffort,areunpleasantandtediousorcontrarytoone’shabit.

問題1選項

A.monotonous

B.interesting

C.entertaining

D.equitable

【答案】A

【解析】考查同義形容詞辨析。A選項monotonous“單調(diào)的，千篇一律的，因單調(diào)令人厭煩的”；B選項interesting“有趣的，有意思的”；C選項entertaining“令人愉快的，有趣的”；D選項equitable“公平的，公正的”。句意：它賦予人們克服懶惰、誘惑和消極習慣的能力，并且能夠采取行動，即使這些行動需要付出努力，是令人不快的、乏味的或與自己的習慣相反的。Tedious“沉悶的；冗長乏味的”，A選項與該詞意思最相近，因此A選項正確。

2.單選題

Inearly19thcenturyAmerica,mentalasylumswerebuiltinruralareastoremovepatientsfromtheirhomeenvironmentandtoprovidefreshairinabucolicsetting.Patientswereofferedexercise,work,education,andreligiousinstruction.Theheadsoftheseinstitutions,called“alienists”,didnotusuallydispensedrugs,butstressedhealthy,cleanlivingandpromotedtheviewthattheinsanewerenotmonstersbutrather“unfortunatefellowbeings.”Focusingonsocietalcauses,alienistsbelievedmentalhealthproblemscouldbeavoided,especiallyintheyoung:children’sbrainsweresofter,vulnerable,andmorepronetoinfluence.

AftertheCivilWar,faithin“moraltreatment”declinedbecausethecurabilityratehadbeenoverestimated,thecostoffacilitieswashigh,thegovernmentcurtailedfunds,andthepublicbecamedisillusionedwith“experts”andtheirfailedpromises.Repeatedfailuresalsofrustratedpractitionerswhorespondedwithanincreaseduseofphysicalrestraint.Aninfluxofimmigrantscausedovercrowdingandalossoffee-payingprivatepatients.Asthemedicalfieldwasslowtobecomeinterestedinthecareofthementallyill,therewasalackoftrainedpersonnel.Theoriginal,moreidealisticpractitionersweregone,andnewmanagers,manyofwhomwerepoliticalappointees,werelessinspiredandqualified.Theybecameself-protectiveandisolatedfromthepublic,andconsidered“moraltreatment”tobefanaticalanddangerous.

Between1850and1880,viewpointsrevertedbacktopre-asylumassessments,withtheaddedelementofheredity:mentalillnessresultedfromaweakfamilyandvicecommittedbyancestors.InfluencedbySocialDarwinism,practitionersbelievedmentalillnesscouldbeeliminatedthrougheugenics,andthetendencywastoclassifyailmentsratherthaninvestigatethroughobservation.Drugssuchaschloroform,bromides,andetherwereincreasinglyusedtosubduepatients.

Eventually,neurologistsformedtwocamps:thosewhofocusedonsomaticcases,andthosewhoembracedpsychologicaltheoriesasmedicallyrespectable.Toremovethechronicallyillfromovercrowdedasylumsandinageneralefforttopromotenon-restraint,alternativecarefacilitiessuchasthetenttreatment,thefreeairsystem,andthecottagesystemwereattemptedinthelatterpartofthecentury.Inspiteofsuchreformefforts,thedominanceofSocialDarwinismcondemnedthechronicallyillasgeneticallyinferior.ItwasnotuntilthefinalyearsofthecenturythatSigmundFreud’stheoriesabouttheunconsciouscreptintotheprofessionalarena.

1.Itcanbeinferredfromparagraph1thatanadditionalreasonforbuildingmentalasylumsinruralareaswas______.

2.Accordingtothepassage,onereasonforthedeclineinuseofmoraltreatmentaftertheCivilWarwas______.

3.Theunderlineword“whom”inParagraph2refersto______.

4.ThementionofdrugsinParagraph3isanexampleof______.

5.Accordingtothepassage,onereasonthecottagesystemdevelopedtowardtheendofthecentury,wasinattemptto______.

問題1選項

A.tostoppatientsfrominfectinghealthypeople

B.becausemostpeopledidn’twanttobelivingnearthem

C.becausethelandwascheaper

D.togivepatientsbetterworkopportunities

問題2選項

A.thatthegovernmentmadelessmoneyavailable

B.thatitlostfavorwiththemedicalprofession

C.duetoovercrowding

D.inresponsetoithavingended

問題3選項

A.originalmoreidealisticpractitioners

B.newmanagers

C.politicalappointees

D.lessinspiredandqualified

問題4選項

A.thereturntopre-asylumdays

B.theinfluenceofthedevelopingmedicalprofession

C.aneffectivemeansoftreatment

D.thealternativetopsychologicaltreatment

問題5選項

A.applyFreudianpsychologicaltheories

B.provideamoresecurecustodialsystem

C.alleviateovercrowding

D.pleaseallneurologists

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章第一段Theheadsoftheseinstitutions,called“alienists”,didnotusuallydispensedrugs,butstressedhealthy,cleanlivingandpromotedtheviewthattheinsanewerenotmonstersbutrather“unfortunatefellowbeings”.（這些機構(gòu)的負責人被稱為“精神病醫(yī)生”，他們通常不分發(fā)藥物，但強調(diào)健康、清潔的生活方式，并提倡這樣的觀點，即精神病患者不是怪物，而是“不幸的人”）可推斷出精神病院建立在農(nóng)村地區(qū)的一個很有可能的原因是很多人把精神病人當怪物，從而不愿意居住在他們附近，所以B選項“因為大多數(shù)人不想住在他們附近”符合題意。A選項“阻止病人感染健康的人”；C選項“因為土地更便宜”以及D選項“給病人更好的工作機會”文章沒有提及，因此B選項正確。

2.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段AftertheCivilWar,faithin“moraltreatment”declinedbecausethecurabilityratehadbeenoverestimated,thecostoffacilitieswashigh,thegovernmentcurtailedfunds,andthepublicbecamedisillusionedwith“experts”andtheirfailedpromises.（內(nèi)戰(zhàn)之后，由于治愈率被高估，醫(yī)療設施的成本過高，政府削減資金，公眾對“專家”和他們失敗的承諾大失所望，對“道德治療”的信心下降了），由此可知在內(nèi)戰(zhàn)后道德治療使用減少的一個原因是政府資金不足，所以A選項“政府資金不足”符合題意。B選項“它失去了醫(yī)學界的青睞”；C選項“由于過度擁擠”；D選項“對它的響應已經(jīng)結(jié)束”說法錯誤。因此A選項正確。

3.語義推測題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“Theoriginal,moreidealisticpractitionersweregone,andnewmanagers,manyofwhomwerepoliticalappointees,werelessinspiredandqualified.最初的、更理想主義的實踐者消失了，新的管理者（其中許多是政治任命的）缺乏靈感和資格”，由此可知句中的whom指的就是newmanagers。A選項“最初的、更理想主義的實踐者”；C選項“政治任命者”以及D選項“缺乏靈感和資格者”都不符合題意。因此B選項正確。

4.判斷推理題。文章提到“InfluencedbySocialDarwinism,practitionersbelievedmentalillnesscouldbeeliminatedthrougheugenics,andthetendencywastoclassifyailmentsratherthaninvestigatethroughobservation.Drugssuchaschloroform,bromides,andetherwereincreasinglyusedtosubduepatients.（受社會達爾文主義的影響，醫(yī)生們相信精神疾病可以通過優(yōu)生學消除，而且傾向于對疾病進行分類，而不是通過觀察進行調(diào)查。氯仿、溴化物和乙醚等藥物被越來越多地用于制服病人。）”，由此可知這些藥物的使用對治療精神疾病有效果，所以C選項“有效的治療手段”正確。A選項“回到未進入收容所前的日子”；B選項“醫(yī)療職業(yè)發(fā)展的影響”；D選項“代替心理治療”均不符合題意，因此C選項正確。

5.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)最后一段“Toremovethechronicallyillfromovercrowdedasylumsandinageneralefforttopromotenon-restraint,alternativecarefacilitiessuchasthetenttreatment,thefreeairsystem,andthecottagesystemwereattemptedinthelatterpartofthecentury.（為了將慢性病患者從過度擁擠的收容所中移走，并在普遍努力促進不受限制的情況下，在本世紀下半葉嘗試了諸如帳篷治療、免費空氣系統(tǒng)和農(nóng)舍系統(tǒng)等替代護理設施。）”可知村舍制度發(fā)展到本世紀末的一個原因是為了緩解過度擁擠，所以C選項“緩解過度擁擠”符合題意。A選項“運用弗洛伊德心理學理論”與題干無關；B選項“提供一個更安全的保管系統(tǒng)”文章沒有提到；D選項“迎合所有神經(jīng)科醫(yī)生”文章沒有提到。因此C選項正確。

3.單選題

Beforethe1980s,theideaofhealthinsurancewasquite（

）tothoselivinginthemainlandofChina.

問題1選項

A.overseas

B.abroad

C.foreign

D.offshore

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。A選項overseas“海外的，國外的”；B選項abroad“在國外”；C選項foreign“外國的，陌生的”;D選項offshore“近海的’；句意是‘主語theideaofhealthinsurance醫(yī)療保險’這個概念在20世紀80年代之前對居民來說是…，C選項符合句意，正確。

4.單選題

Intheaccidentthreemenweretrappedinasubmergedvehicle,andtheironlyhopewasanothermanwhoselegswerebroken.

問題1選項

A.wrecked

B.burnt

C.overturned

D.sunk

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：在這次事故中，三個人被困在一輛被水淹沒的汽車中，而另外一位腿受傷的男性是他們唯一的希望。wrecked“失事的，遇難的”；burnt“燒焦的”；overturned“傾覆的”；sunk“下沉的”。劃線單詞submerge的意思是“水下的”，因此選項D符合題意。

5.單選題

Iwouldn’t______tointerfere.Instead,Iletmystudentsmaketheirowndecision

問題1選項

A.resume

B.presume

C.assume

D.consume

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項resume“重新開始，恢復，繼續(xù)”；B選項presume“假設，冒昧，擅自主張”；C選項assume“假定，認為，承擔”；D選項consume“消耗，消費”。根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折詞Instead后面的內(nèi)容可知B選項符合語義。句意：我將不會擅自干涉。相反，我讓我的學生們自己做決定。

6.單選題

Hefeltarepugnanceforthecitybecauseitwasheavilyundertheinfluenceofforeigners,whomheconsideredtobecorruptand（）.

問題1選項

A.unscrupulous

B.withprinciples

C.inprinciple

D.outofprinciple

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項unscrupulous“寡廉鮮恥，不講道德的”；B選項withprinciples“符合原則的”；C選項inprinciple“大體上，原則上”；D選項outofprinciple“背離原則”。根據(jù)題干，可知此處應當填入一個形容詞，且含有貶義，因此推測A選項正確。句意：他對這座城市感到厭惡因為這城市受外國人影響太嚴重了，而他眼中的外國人是墮落而又……。因此A選項正確。

7.單選題

Havinghadherasaprofessorandanadviser,Icantellyouthatsheisan_____forcewhopushesherstudentstoexcelfarbeyondtheirownexpectations.

問題1選項

A.inspirational

B.educational

C.excessive

D.instantaneous

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項inspirational“啟發(fā)靈感的，鼓舞人心的”；B選項educational“教育的，有教育意義的”；C選項excessive“過度的，極度的”；D選項instantaneous“立即的，立刻的”。根據(jù)pushesherstudentstoexcelfarbeyondtheirownexpectations可知A選項符合語義。句意：有她作為教授和顧問，我可以告訴你，她有一種鼓舞人心的力量，推動她的學生超越自己的期望。

8.單選題

Experiencedbaseballfielderscantellhowfaraballisgoingtotraveljustbylisteningtothecrackofthebat.Iftheydidn't,theywouldn'tstandachanceofcatchingit,claimsaphysicistinNewYork.

“Whenabaseballishitstraightatanoutfielder,hecannotquicklyjudgetheangleofthescentandthedistancetheballwilltravel,”saysRobertAdair,aphysicistatYaleUniversity.Ifhereliedpurelyuponvisualinformation,thefielderwouldhavetowaitforaboutone-and-a-halfsecondsbeforehecouldtellaccuratelyifthepitcherhittheballlongorshort.Bythistimetheballmayhavetraveledtoofarforhimtoreachitintime.

Tostandafightingchanceofcatchingit,accordingtoAdair,fieldersmustlistentothesoundtheballhittingthebattojudgehowfaritwilltravel.Thereisanecdotalevidencetosupportthis,hesays.AformercentrefieldertoldAdair:“IfIheardacrackIranout,ifIheardaclunk,Iranin.”

Totesthishypothesis,Adaircalculatedhowquicklyafieldercouldchangedirectionifhehadmisjudgedwhethertheballwasgoinglongorshort.Thedifferencebetweenthe“crack”and“clunk”canbeexplainedbyhowwellthebatterhashittheball,andcouldmeanadifferenceinrunningdistanceofasmuchas30meters,hetolddelegatesatameetingoftheAcousticalSocietyofAmericaninChicagolastweek.

Scientistsalreadyknewthattohitaballlongthebattermuststrikeitsomewherenearthevibrationalnodeofthebat,knownasthesweetspot.Ballshitonthesweetspotgeneratefewerenergy-sappingvibrationsinthebat,allowinggreaterenergytransfertotheball.Conversely,mishitballsmakethebatvibratestronglyandsodonottravelasfar.

Adairisquicktopointoutthatthisonlyappliestowoodenbats,whichareusedinmajorleaguebaseball.Aluminumbats,ontheotherhand,tendtoproduceafairlyuniform“ping”soundregardlessofwhereyouhitthem.

1.AccordingtoRobertAdair,whycan’tanoutfielderrelypurelyonvisualinformation?

2.Fromparagraph3wecaninferthata“crack”maymean().

3.Ifthebatvibratesverylittle,().

4.Adairpointsoutthathistheorycan’tbeappliedtoaluminumbatsbecause().

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestsummarizesthemainideaofthispassage?

問題1選項

A.Becauseitmaytakelongertimeforhimtoexertjudgment.

B.Becausetheballmaychangedirectionsduringflight.

C.Becausetheballmaybehiteitherlongorshort.

D.Becauselighttravelsfasterthansound.

問題2選項

A.alongball

B.ashortball

C.agoodball

D.amishitball

問題3選項

A.thefielderisunabletocatchthesound

B.theballwilltraveltoashortdistance

C.theballmayreceivegreaterenergy

D.thefieldershouldquicklyrunin

問題4選項

A.the"ping”soundistoovagueforafieldertocatch

B.withthealuminumbatsthebatteralwayshitstheballstronger

C.theydon’tproducedifferentsoundsof“crack”and“clunk”

D.thesoundstheyproducemayinterferewiththefieldersjudgment

問題5選項

A.Hittingtheballtoproducedifferentsoundsisnotaneasymatter.

B.Thesoundofthebatmaygivefieldersmorechancestocatchtheball.

C.Aluminumbatsareinferiortothewoodenones.

D.ThestudyofRobertAdairshockstheAcousticalSocietyofAmerica.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.根據(jù)第二段的倒數(shù)第二句“Ifhereliedpurelyupon...theballlongorshort.”如果完全依靠視覺信息，守場員要等大約1.5秒才能準確地判斷投手的擊球是長是短。選項A符合原文。

2.根據(jù)下文可知，“crack”and“clunk”是用來判斷擊球的好壞，所以首先排除選項A和B。當聽到“crack”就跑出去，聽到“clunk”就跑進來，由此推斷，“crack”指沒打好的球，“clunk”指好球。

3.根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的倒數(shù)第二句“Ballshitonthesweetspotgeneratefewerenergy-sappingvibrationsinthebat,allowinggreaterenergytransfertotheball.”擊中球的最佳位置時，球棒產(chǎn)生的耗能振動更少，從而使球獲得更大的能量傳遞。選項C正確。

4.根據(jù)最后一段的最后一句“Aluminumbats,ontheotherhand,tendtoproduceafairlyuniform'ping'soundregardlessofwhereyouhitthem.”鋁棒無論你在哪里擊打，都會發(fā)出相當均勻的“砰”的一聲。也就是說不會像木棒擊打的那樣發(fā)出不同的聲音，選項C符合原文。

5.本文主要是講根據(jù)球棒擊球時發(fā)出聲音的不同來判斷擊球的好壞，從而使得外野手有更多的機會去接球。選項B更能概括全文主題。

9.單選題

Savingmoneyregularlyduringone’sworkingyearswillhelpto（）one’soldagefromwant.

問題1選項

A.safeguard

B.assure

C.guard

D.guarantee

【答案】A

【解析】safeguard保護，保衛(wèi)；assure保證，確保；guard防衛(wèi)；guarantee保證，擔保。safeguard...from...為固定搭配，表示“保護...使免于...”，句意：工作的時候定期存錢，有助于老年時期免受貧困之苦。選項A符合句意。

10.單選題

Scientificevidencefromdifferent_______demonstratesthatinmosthumansthelefthemisphereofthebraincontrolslanguage.

問題1選項

A.scopes

B.ranges

C.disciplines

D.arrays

【答案】C

【解析】scopes范圍,領域;ranges范圍,區(qū)間;disciplines學科;arrays陣列,數(shù)組。句意：來自不同學科的科學證據(jù)表明,大多數(shù)人的大腦左半球控制著語言功能。選項C符合句意。

11.單選題

Theoriginalguidelinesonlyhavesomemethodsinthem.Nowwearegoingto______exactlywhatkindoffoodisgoodfortheirhealthandwhatisbad.

問題1選項

A.makeclearittothepublic

B.makeittothepublicclear

C.makeitcleartothepublic

D.makecleartothepublicitis

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查固定搭配。句意：原來的指南中只有一些方法。現(xiàn)在我們要讓公眾清楚地知道什么樣的食物對他們的健康有好處，什么是不好的。begoingto后面用動詞原形，結(jié)合固定搭配makesth.+adj.tosth.“使A對B來說……”，確定C選項makeitcleartothepublic符合題意，其余用法錯誤。因此C選項正確。

12.單選題

Therealmofproductliabilityisonethathasalwaysputlegalscholarsandpractitionersatodds.Viewedbysomeasgenuineeffortstoprotectthepublicfromdangerousgoodsandothersasanexcusefordirtylawyerstosuerichcompanies,thematterhasyettoberesolved.Productliability,anditsimplicationsfordisgruntledconsumerswishingtosuethemakersofwhattheybuy,continuestobedebated.

Thosewhoarguethatcurrentproductliabilitylawsarepositiveassertthatwithoutsuchlaws,manufacturerswouldbefreetodoastheypleasewithoutregardforthesafetyoftheconsumerswhobuytheirproducts.Asaresult,theyargue,shoddymerchandisewouldemerge,witheverypossiblecomercutinordertolowercosts,attheexpenseofquality.Notonlywouldtheshoddymerchandisebearip-off,however,buttheproductscouldlikelybeharmfulaswell.Proponentsofthispointofviewhailthenewwaveofwarninglabelsandincreasedqualityassurancethathasresultedfromrecentproductliabilitylegislation,confidentintheirconvictionthatithasmadetheAmericanmarketplaceasaferplacetoshop.

Opponentsofthecurrentstatus-quo,however,citetheoverwhelmingamountoflitigationthathastakenplaceasaresultofstricterproductliability.Amoderateapproachisadvisedbythisgroup,betweenthenecessarysafeguardsthatworldpreventabuseofthesystembythecompaniesandtheexcessiveconsumer-protectionlawsthatallowproducerstobesuedatthedropofahat.Thesepeoplearguethatgreedandthealluringpossibilityofeasymoneyleadunscrupulousbuyerstolookforanyexcusetobringminorgrievancestocourt,hopingforamilliondollaroutcome.

Asthesituationstandsnow,theformercampisgettingitsway,reflectingsociety’spriorityofsafetyovereconomics.Recentlobbyingbyproducershasbeguntoshiftthetide,however.Asabuseofproductliabilitylawscontinuesandgrows,courtsarebeginningtonotethetrendandtakeappropriatemeasures,castingakeenereyeonsuchcasessoastodistinguishbetweenfrivolouscasesandmoreseriousclaims.Inregardtothefutureofproductliabilitylegislationanditsrelationtooureverincreasinglylitigioussociety,onlytimewilltell.

1.Itisstatedthatconsumerswhobringproductliabilityproblemstolitigation（

）.

2.Manufacturersinthetexttendto（

）.

3.Thosewhofavorlessstrictproductliabilitylawsbelievethat（

）.

4.Theauthor’sattitudetowardtheissueseemstobe（

）.

5.Themainpurposeofthistextisto（

）.

問題1選項

A.areprimarilymotivatedbythepossibilityofquickmoneythroughalawsuit

B.sufferinjuriesfromfaultymerchandiseanddeserveappropriatecompensation

C.willfindtheiroptionslimitedinthefutureasproductliabilitylawswillmovetowardamoremoderateposition

D.bringtheirissuestolitigationbasedonbothlegitimateandprofitseekinggrounds

問題2選項

A.invariablyproducedangerousproductsthatrequirelegislationtoensuresafety

B.holdprofitandcost-cuttinginhigherregardthanconsumersafety

C.bethevictimsofalegalinstitutionthatunfairlytargetsthem

D.beboundbythecurrentsystem,causingthemtotakecautioninproducingtheirproducts

問題3選項

A.suchlawscurbproducers’abilitytocreateshoddymerchandisetoattaingreaterprofit

B.thelawsneedtobemodifiedtobetterservetheneedsofbothconsumersandproducers

C.theresultsofsuchlawshavebeenpositivethusfar,butneedtobemodified

D.strictproductliabilitylawsareunnecessaryandshouldbedisposedof

問題4選項

A.biased

B.puzzling

C.objective

D.indifferent

問題5選項

A.presenttwoopposingsidesofanargumentforthereader’sconsideration

B.educatethereaderabouttheeffectofproductliabilitylegislationonthelegalsystem

C.convincethereaderthatproductliabilitylawsneedtobechanged.

D.informthereaderofthecurrentstatusofproductliabilitylaws

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.文章提到如果產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量有問題，消費者有權(quán)利提起訴訟；但是也有少量消費者由于貪婪而去尋求一切有可能的機會去獲取大量的賠償費（Thesepeoplearguethatgreedandthealluringpossibilityofeasymoneyleadunscrupulousbuyerstolookforanyexcusetobringminorgrievancestocourt）。選項D全面，符合題意。

2.文章第二段第一句話后半句提到manufactureswouldbefreetodoastheypleasewithoutregardforthesafetyoftheconsumers，所以選項B符合題意。

3.文章第三段第二句話提到采取中間態(tài)度的人認為既要預防產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量帶來的問題，也要預防過度的消費者保護，所以選項B符合題意。

4.文章最后一段作者提到主張對產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量嚴格要求的陣營占了主導地位，相關法律法規(guī)將會對產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量進行嚴格監(jiān)管，同時也會對消費者無聊的訴求進行更為嚴格的監(jiān)控，但是至于結(jié)果到底怎么樣，作者認為都要交給時間（onlytimewilltell），所以作者是抱著客觀的態(tài)度。選項C符合題意。

5.文章主要提及了現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量法律法規(guī)，不同陣營的人對此持不同的態(tài)度，有的偏向生產(chǎn)商，有的偏向消費者。選項D符合題意。

13.單選題

Huntingisthoughttobe（）fortheextinctionofsomewildlife.

問題1選項

A.responsible

B.blamed

C.charged

D.denounced

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。responsible“負責任的”，詞組beresponsiblefor“承擔……責任”，tobeblamefor“應受責備”，bechargedwith“”被控告”，denounce“公然抨擊”，句意：野生動物滅絕的原因應該歸咎于狩獵。選項A符合題意。

14.單選題

Asa______president,hisviewsaretreatedwithrespectwhenheisinterviewed.

問題1選項

A.prior

B.previous

C.late

D.former

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項prior“先前的，優(yōu)先的”，強調(diào)更大的重要性，對比意味強；B項previous“之前的”，指時間上、順序上較早的，或指正在談論的某事的前一個；C項late“遲的，最近的”；D項former“從前的，前任的”，是latter“后者的”的反義詞，更著重對比。根據(jù)關鍵詞president“總統(tǒng)”結(jié)合選項可知，空格部分表示“上一任總統(tǒng)”，只有D項符合語境，表示“前任總統(tǒng)”。句意：作為前總統(tǒng)，他的觀點在接受采訪時受到尊重。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

15.單選題

Overthepastcentury,allkindsofunfairnessanddiscriminationhavebeencondemnedormadeillegal.Butonepopularformcontinuestothrive:thatisalphabetism.This,forthoseasyetunawareofsuchadisadvantage,referstodiscriminationagainstthosewhosesurnamesbeginwithaletterinthelowerhalfofthealphabet.

IthaslongbeenknownthatthecarsofataxifirmcalledAAAAhaveabigadvantageoverZodiaccarswhencustomerslookthroughtheirphonedirectories.LesswellknownistheadvantagethatAdamAbbothasinlifeoverZoeZysman.Englishnamesarefairlyspreadbetweenthehalvesofthealphabet.YetasuspiciouslylargenumberoftoppeoplehavesurnamesbeginningwithlettersbetweenAandK.

ThustheAmericanpresidentsandvice-presidentshavesurnamesstartingwithBandCseparatelyand26ofGeorgeBush’spredecessors(includinghisfather)hadsurnamesinthefirsthalfofthealphabetagainstjust16inthesecondhalf.Evenmorestriking,sixofthesevenheadsofgovernmentoftheG7richcountriesarealphabeticallyadvantaged(Berlusconi,Blair,Bush,Chirac,ChretienandKoizumi).Theworld’sthreetopcentralbankers(Greenspan,DuisenbergandHayami)areallclosetothetopofthealphabet,evenifoneofthemreallyusesJapanesecharacters.Asaretheworld’sfiverichestmen(Gates,Buffet,Allen,EllisonandAlbrecht).

Canthismerelybecoincidence?Onetheory,dreamtupinallthesparetimeenjoyedbythealphabeticallydisadvantaged,isthattherotsetsinearly.Atthestartofthefirstyearininfantschool,teachersseatpupilsalphabeticallyfromthefront,tomakeiteasiertoremembertheirnames.SoshortsightedZysmanjuniorgetsstuckinthebackrow,andisseldomaskedtheimprovingquestionsbythoseinsensitiveteachers.Atthetimethealphabeticallydisadvantagedmaythinktheyhavehadaluckyescape.Yettheresultmaybeworsequalifications,becausetheygetlessattention,aswellaslessconfidenceinspeakingpublicly.

Thehumiliationcontinues.Atuniversitygraduationceremonies,theABCsproudlygettheirawardsfirst;bythetimetheyreachtheZysmansmostpeopleareliterallyhavingaZZZ.Shortlistsforjobinterviews,electionballotpapers,listsofconferencespeakersandattendeesalltendtobedrawnupalphabetically,andtheirrecipientsloseinterestastheyploughthroughthem.

11.WhatdoestheauthorintendtoillustratewithAAAAcarsandZodiaccars?

12.Whatcanweinferfromthefirstthreeparagraphs?

13.Thefourthparagraphsuggeststhat_____.

14.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“mostpeopleareliterallyhavingaZZZ’’?

15.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?

問題1選項

A.Atypeofconspicuousbias.

B.Akindofoverlookedinequality.

C.Atypeofpersonalprejudice

D.Akindofbranddiscrimination.

問題2選項

A.InbothEastandWest,namesareimportanttosuccess.

B.ThealphabetistoblameforthefailureofZoeZysman.

C.Someformofdiscriminationistoosubtletorecognize.

D.Customersoftenpayalotofattentiontocompanies’names.

問題3選項

A.questionsareoftenputtothemoreintelligentstudents

B.alphabeticallydisadvantagedstudentsoftenescapefromclass

C.studentsshouldbeseatedaccordingtotheireyesight

D.teachersshouldpayequalattentiontoalltheirstudents

問題4選項

A.Theyarenoisilydozingoff.

B.Theyaregettingimpatient.

C.Theyfeelinghumiliated.

D.Theyarebusywithwordpuzzles.

問題5選項

A.PeoplewithsurnamesbeginningwithNtoZareoftenill-treated.

B.Thecampaigntoeliminatealphabetismstillhasalongwaytogo.

C.VIPsinthewesternworldgainagreatdealfromalphabetism.

D.Puttingthingsalphabeticallymayleadtounintentionalunfairness.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】11.推理判斷題，定位到文章一二句也是文章的中心句Overthepastcentury,allkindsofunfairnessanddiscriminationhavebeencondemnedormadeillegal.Butonepopularformcontinuestothrive:thatisalphabetism.“在過去的一個世紀里，各種不公平和歧視都受到譴責或被定為非法。但有一種流行的形式仍在蓬勃發(fā)展，那就是字母排序”這是文章的主旨句，說的是雖然這個社會反對歧視但是有種歧視卻被人忽略了，那就是字母順序歧視。第二段主要是舉例說明這種歧視，所以答案選B“一種被忽視的不平等”；

A選項“一種明顯的偏見”，文章沒有提到，屬于無中生有；

C選項“一種個人偏見”，文章沒有提到，屬于無中生有；

D選項“一種品牌歧視”，文章沒有提到，屬于無中生有。

12.主旨大意題，分析文章前三段的行文結(jié)構(gòu)，文章是總分結(jié)構(gòu)，第一段提出生活中有種歧視被我們忽視了，那就是“字母順序歧視”這一觀點，第二三段都是在舉例，說明這種現(xiàn)象不是憑空捏造而是真實存在著的，所以答案選C選項“某種形式的歧視太微妙而無法識別”；

A選項“在東方和西方，名字對成功都很重要”，文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有；

B選項“ZoeZysman的失敗要歸咎于字母表”定位到第二段第二句LesswellknownistheadvantagethatAdamAbbothasinlifeoverZoeZysman.（不太為人所知的是，亞當?阿伯特(AdamAbbot)在生活中比佐伊?茲斯曼(ZoeZysman)有優(yōu)勢）從這里可以看出名字的字母順序只是讓排在名字字母前面的人比排在后面的人有優(yōu)勢而已，不能把叫ZoeZysman的人的失敗全部歸結(jié)于字母，這里屬于理解過度；

D選項“顧客經(jīng)常很注意公司的名字”，文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有。

13.推理判斷題，第一步，尋找句內(nèi)線索，定位到第四段第一句Canthismerelybecoincidence?“這僅僅是巧合嗎？”，從這個反問句就可以看出作者認為名字字母靠后的學生難以獲得成就并非巧合，第二步，尋找上下文線索，第四段描述的是一個作者的推想，就是那些字母排在后面的人小時候因為老師為了省事所以按照名字字母順序被排在了后面，結(jié)果因為老師的忽略沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)某些名字字母排后面的學生有近視，坐后面就導致每次問問題也輪不到他，所以他錯過了很多成長的機會，然而還覺得幸好沒有叫到我，從這里就可以知道作者其實是通過擺事實的手法來建議教師不應該這么簡單粗暴地通過名字字母來排座位，應該一視同仁，所以D選項“教師應該對所有的學生給予同等的關注”正確；

A選項“問題經(jīng)常被問給更聰明的學生”，文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有；

B選項“字母順序不好的學生經(jīng)常逃課”文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有；

C選項“學生應根據(jù)自己的視力選擇座位”，文章講述這件事情是希望老師最好不要因為方便自己記憶而按照字母順序排座位，而是希望按照學生的實際情況來排座位，也就是希望老師多多關注學生，而不是讓學生自己排座位，所以C選項錯誤，屬于張冠李戴。

14.判斷推理題，定位到第五段第二句話Atuniversitygraduationceremonies,theABCsproudlygettheirawardsfirst;bythetimetheyreachtheZysmansmostpeopleareliterallyhavingaZZZ.“在大學畢業(yè)典禮上，ABC是名字首字母的學生自豪地第一個獲獎；當輪到Zysmans同學的時候，（）。”文章前面連接的信息是名字以ABC字母開頭的人很早就拿到首先就很驕傲的拿到了自己的畢業(yè)證，但是名字是Zysmans的人可能因為等待的時間太久了已經(jīng)睡著了，所以答案選A選項“他們鼾聲大作”；

B選項“他們開始不耐煩了”，文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有；

C選項“他們感到羞辱”，文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有；

D選項“他們忙于字謎”，文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有。

15.判斷推理題，由文章第四段可知老師會按照字母順序排位置，沒有人會覺得不合理，但是在不知不覺中對那些字母順序在后面的人造成了一種危害，所以答案選D。

A選項定位到第二段第二句LesswellknownistheadvantagethatAdamAbbothasinlifeoverZoeZysman.（不太為人所知的是，亞當?阿伯特(AdamAbbot)在生活中比佐伊?茲斯曼(ZoeZysman)有優(yōu)勢）從這里可知名字字母排前面的人只是相對排后面的人有優(yōu)勢，并沒有說到名字字母排后面的人受到了不好的對待，A選項屬于無中生有；

文章沒有提到該怎么糾正這種鮮為人知的歧視，所以也無從知道糾正這件事是不是任重道遠，屬于無中生有，所以B選項不選；

C選項定位到文章第三段，文章第三段只是說西方重要人士的字母排在前面以此來佐證字母歧視是存在的，但是沒有說這些人因為名字字母順序排在前面得到了多少優(yōu)勢，所以C選項屬于過度解讀。

16.單選題

（

）hewantedtogooutwithhisfriendsattheweekend,hehadtostaybehindtofinishhis

assignment.

問題1選項

A.Muchthough

B.Muchas

C.Asmuch

D.Thoughmuch

【答案】B

【解析】考查狀語從句。as可以引導原因狀語從句，though不能引導原因狀語從句。as引導原因狀語的時候進行倒裝，much是用來修飾want的程度副詞

句意：因為周末他很想跟他的朋友出去玩，所以他不得不留下來完成作業(yè)。

17.單選題

Areundergraduategradesimportant?Everyoneknowsthathighmarksearnedatdifferentschoolsorunderdifferentinstructorscanindicateverydifferentlevelsofachievement.Oneprofessormaybeahardgrader,whileanotherisverygenerousoronewhotakesthewholebusinessasabitofjoke.Someschoolshavenighstandards,whereasothersaregroupsofintellectualpeople.Andatalluniversities,thereisaconstanttendencytowardsgradeinflation（thegrantingofevermorehighmarks）.Thatisfoughtvigorouslyatsomeinstitutionsandallowedtogouncheckedforlongperiodsatothers.

Anotherpointraisedagainstgradesishowpoorlytheypredicthowmuchgraduateswillbeearning15or20yearsaftergettingtheirdegrees.Asmanystudieshaveshown,thereisonlyaverypoorcorrelationbetweenundergraduate’sgradesandsubsequentwealth.Peoplewhogetgoodmarkstendtogointotheprofessions,notallofwhicharehighlyremunerative（有利的）.Thecorrelationbetweenundergraduategradesandsuccessinbusiness,themostcommonroadtowealth,isvirtuallynothing.Manymediocre（平庸）studentsbecomesuccessfulbusinessman,whilesomebrilliantandcapablegraduates（creativeyoungsters,notstudentswithspecialskillsinpassingexams）takeuprelativelylow-payingbutinterestingorsatisfyingcareers.Thegeneralpopulation,examiningthisquestionthroughastatisticallens,seesonethingveryclearlythatgoodgradesdon’ttranslateinanydirectwayintobigbucks,andforbetterorforworse,thegauge（標尺）of“success”forcountlessAmericansistheacquisitionofwealth.

Theresultisacertainmodesty