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書(shū)山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-安徽師范大學(xué)皖江學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買!第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題
Intheendtheycametotheconclusionthattheevidenceproducedbytheplaintiffwas().
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.scarce
B.rare
C.scanty
D.deficient
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A:scarce“罕見(jiàn)的;供不應(yīng)求的”;B:rare“稀罕的”;C:scanty“(大小或數(shù)量)不足的,欠缺的;太少的”;D:deficient“缺乏的;有缺陷的”。句意:最后,他們得出的結(jié)論是:原告提供的證據(jù)不足。此處表達(dá)的是證據(jù)不足,C符合語(yǔ)境,為正確答案。
2.單選題
Howmanyreallysufferasaresultoflabormarketproblems?Thisisoneofthemostcriticalyetcontentioussocialpolicyquestions.Inmanyways,oursocialstatisticsexaggeratethedegreeofhardship.Unemploymentdoesnothavethesamedireconsequencestodayasitdidinthe1930’swhenmostoftheunemployedwereprimarybreadwinners,whenincomeandearningswereusuallymuchclosertothemarginofsubsistence,andwhentherewerenocountervailingsocialprogramsforthosefailinginthelabormarket.Increasingaffluence,theriseoffamilieswithmorethanonewageearner,thegrowingpredominanceofsecondaryearnersamongtheunemployed,andimprovedsocialwelfareprotectionhaveunquestionablymitigatedtheconsequencesofjoblessness.Earningsandincomedataalsooverstatethedimensionsofhardship.Amongthemillionswithhourlyearningsatorbelowtheminimumwagelevel,theoverwhelmingmajorityarefrommultiple-earner,relativelyaffluentfamilies.Mostofthosecountedbythepovertystatisticsareelderlyorhandicappedorhavefamilyresponsibilitieswhichkeepthemoutofthelaborforce,sothepovertystatisticsarebynomeansanaccurateindicatoroflabormarketpathologies.
Yettherearealsomanywaysoursocialstatisticsunderestimatethedegreeoflabor-market-relatedhardship.Theunemploymentcountsexcludethemillionsoffullyemployedworkerswhosewagesaresolowthattheirfamiliesremaininpoverty.Lowwagesandrepeatedorprolongedunemploymentfrequentlyinteracttounderminethecapacityforself-support.Sincethenumberexperiencingjoblessnessatsometimeduringtheyearisseveraltimesthenumberunemployedinanymonth,thosewhosufferasaresultofforcedidlenesscanequalorexceedaverageannualunemployment,eventhoughonlyaminorityofthejoblessinanymonthreallysuffer.Foreverypersoncountedinthemonthlyunemploymenttallies,thereisanotherworkingpart-timebecauseoftheinabilitytofindfull-timeworkorelseoutsidethelaborforcebutwantingajob.Finally,incometransfersinourcountryhavealwaysfocusedontheelderly,disabled,anddependent,neglectingtheneedsoftheworkingpoor,sothatthedramaticexpansionofcashandin-kindtransfersdoesnotnecessarilymeanthatthosefailinginthelabormarketareadequatelyprotected.
Asaresultofsuchcontradictoryevidence,itisuncertainwhetherthosesufferingseriouslyasaresultoflabormarketproblemsnumberinthehundredsofthousandsorthetensofmillions,and,hence,whetherhighlevelsofjoblessnesscanbetoleratedormustbecounteredbyjobcreationandeconomicstimulus.Thereisonlyoneareaofagreementinthisdebate—thattheexistingpoverty,employment,andearningsstatisticsareinadequatefortheirprimaryapplications,measuringtheconsequencesoflabormarketproblems.
1.Whichofthefollowingistheprincipaltopicofthepassage?
2.Theauthorcontraststhe1930’swiththepresentinordertoshowthat().
3.Whichofthefollowingproposalsbestrespondstotheissuesraisedbytheauthor?
4.Accordingtothepassage,onefactorthatcausesunemploymentandearningsfigurestoover-predicttheamountofeconomichardshipisthe().
5.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,isthebestcriticismoftheauthor’sargumentconcerningwhypovertystatisticscannotproperlybeusedtoshowtheeffectsofproblemsinthelabormarket?
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.Whatcauseslabormarketpathologiesthatresultinsuffering.
B.Whyincomemeasuresareimpreciseinmeasuringdegreesofpoverty.
C.Howsocialstatisticsgiveanunclearpicture/ofthedegreeofhardshipcausedbylowwagesandinsufficientemploymentopportunities.
D.Whichofthecurrentlyusedstatisticalproceduresarethebestforestimatingtheincidenceofhardshipthatisduetounemployment.
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.unemploymentnowhaslesssevereeffects
B.morepeoplewereunemployedinthe1930’s
C.povertyhasincreasedsincethe1930’s
D.socialprogramsaremoreneedednow
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.Newstatisticalindicesshouldbedevelopedtomeasurethedegreetowhichunemploymentandinadequatelypaidemploymentcausesuffering.
B.Considerationshouldbegiventothewaysinwhichstatisticscanactaspartialcausesofthephenomenathattheypurporttomeasure.
C.Thelaborforceshouldberestructuredsothatitcorrespondstotherangeofjobvacancies.
D.Innovativeprogramsusingmultipleapproachesshouldbesetuptoreducethelevelofunemployment.
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.recurrenceofperiodsofunemploymentforagroupoflow-wageworkers
B.possibilitythatearningsmaybereceivedfrommorethanonejobperworker
C.factthatunemploymentcountsdonotincludethosewhoworkforlowwagesandremainpoor
D.establishmentofasystemofrecord-keepingthatmakesitpossibletocompilepovertystatistics
問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)
A.Ashort-termincreaseinthenumberofthoseinpovertycanindicateashortageofjobsbecausethebasicnumberofthoseunabletoacceptemploymentremainsapproximatelyconstant.
B.Forthosewhoareinpovertyasaresultofjoblessness,therearesocialprogramsavailablethatprovideaminimumstandardofliving.
C.Povertystatisticsdonotconsistentlyagreewithearningsstatistics,wheneachistakenasameasureofhardshipresultingfromunemployment.
D.Theelderlyandhandicappedcategoriesincludemanywhopreviouslywereemployedinthelabormarket.
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:A
第3題:A
第4題:C
第5題:D
【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章主要討論的內(nèi)容可由第一段結(jié)尾和第二段開(kāi)頭得知“…sothepovertystatisticsarebynomeansanaccurateindicatoroflabormarketpathologies.Yettherearealsomanywaysoursocialstatisticsunderestimatethedegreeoflabor-market-relatedhardship.(因此貧困統(tǒng)計(jì)絕不是勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)病態(tài)的準(zhǔn)確指標(biāo)。然而,我們的社會(huì)統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)也在很多方面低估了勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)相關(guān)困難的程度。)”。由此可知文章主要講述了為什么收入估算措施對(duì)于知曉貧困程度而言是不精確的。A選項(xiàng)“是什么導(dǎo)致了勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)的病態(tài),導(dǎo)致了痛苦”;B選項(xiàng)“為什么收入衡量在衡量貧困程度上不精確”;C選項(xiàng)“社會(huì)統(tǒng)計(jì)如何不清楚地說(shuō)明低工資和就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)不足所造成的困難程度”;D選項(xiàng)“目前使用的統(tǒng)計(jì)程序中,哪一種是估計(jì)失業(yè)造成的困難發(fā)生率的最佳方法”。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第一段的第四句“Unemploymentdoesnothavethesamedireconsequencestodayasitdidinthe1930’swhenmostoftheunemployedwereprimarybreadwinners(今天失業(yè)造成的影響不及20世紀(jì)30年代那般嚴(yán)重,那時(shí)失業(yè)的都是養(yǎng)家糊口的人)”,由此可推斷出在那個(gè)時(shí)候失業(yè)對(duì)一個(gè)家庭而言就意味著吃住問(wèn)題得不到解決,現(xiàn)在失業(yè)的影響比那時(shí)候小得多。A選項(xiàng)“失業(yè)現(xiàn)在的影響不那么嚴(yán)重了”正確;B選項(xiàng)“20世紀(jì)30年代,更多的人失業(yè)”;C選項(xiàng)“20世紀(jì)30年代以來(lái)貧困戶增加了”;D選項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)在更需要社會(huì)項(xiàng)目”都不符合題意,因此A選項(xiàng)正確。
3.主旨大意題。聯(lián)系71題可知作者提出的問(wèn)題為“為什么收入估算措施對(duì)于知曉貧困程度而言是不精確的”,所以A選項(xiàng)“應(yīng)該制定新的統(tǒng)計(jì)指標(biāo)來(lái)衡量失業(yè)和報(bào)酬不足造成痛苦的程度”最能回應(yīng)該問(wèn)題;B選項(xiàng)“應(yīng)該考慮到統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)可以作為他們聲稱要測(cè)量的現(xiàn)象的部分原因的方法”;C選項(xiàng)“勞動(dòng)力結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)調(diào)整,使其與職位空缺范圍相適應(yīng)”;D選項(xiàng)“應(yīng)該建立使用多種方法的創(chuàng)新項(xiàng)目來(lái)降低失業(yè)水平”都不符合題意,因此A選項(xiàng)正確。
4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段第二句話“Theunemploymentcountsexcludethemillionsoffullyemployedworkerswhosewagesaresolowthattheirfamiliesremaininpoverty.(失業(yè)率統(tǒng)計(jì)排除了數(shù)百萬(wàn)完全就業(yè)的工人,他們的工資太低,以至于他們的家庭仍然處于貧困之中。)”,由此可知失業(yè)統(tǒng)計(jì)不包括那些低工資工作和仍然貧窮的人的事實(shí)。A選項(xiàng)“一群低薪工人失業(yè)期的反復(fù)出現(xiàn)”;B選項(xiàng)“每個(gè)工人可能從多個(gè)工作中獲得收入的可能性”;D選項(xiàng)“建立一個(gè)記錄制度,使匯編貧困統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字成為可能”都不符合題意,C選項(xiàng)“失業(yè)統(tǒng)計(jì)不包括那些低工資工作和仍然貧窮的人的事實(shí)”正確,因此C選項(xiàng)正確。
5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第一段的最后一句話“Mostofthosecountedbythepovertystatisticsareelderlyorhandicappedorhavefamilyresponsibilitieswhichkeepthemoutofthelaborforce,sothepovertystatisticsarebynomeansanaccurateindicatoroflabormarketpathologies.(貧困統(tǒng)計(jì)中統(tǒng)計(jì)的大多數(shù)人是老年人、殘疾人或因家庭責(zé)任而無(wú)法進(jìn)入勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)的人,因此貧困統(tǒng)計(jì)絕不是勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)病態(tài)的準(zhǔn)確指標(biāo)。)”。A選項(xiàng)“短期內(nèi)貧困人口數(shù)量的增加可能意味著就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)的短缺,因?yàn)闊o(wú)法接受就業(yè)的基本人數(shù)大致保持不變”;B選項(xiàng)“對(duì)于那些因失業(yè)而陷入貧困的人,有提供最低生活標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的社會(huì)項(xiàng)目”;C選項(xiàng)“貧窮統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字與收入統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字并不一致,因?yàn)槊恳豁?xiàng)都被視為衡量失業(yè)造成的困難的指標(biāo)”都不符合題意,沒(méi)有表達(dá)作者的批評(píng),D選項(xiàng)“老年人和殘疾人類別包括許多以前在勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)工作的人”符合題意,因此D選項(xiàng)正確。
3.單選題
“(
)arevisitorsallowedtofeedtheanimals."Thewarningcanbeseenonthesignboardinfromeverycage.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.Inanytime
B.Innotime
C.Onnoaccount
D.Onanyaccount
【答案】C
【解析】考查詞組辨析。inanytime在任何時(shí)候;innotime立刻;onnoaccount絕不;onanyaccount任何情況下。句意:“決不允許游客給動(dòng)物喂食”,每一個(gè)籠子前面都可以看到這種警示語(yǔ)。C項(xiàng)符合句意,答案C
4.單選題
Manynovelsthatattempttomirrortheworldarereally___oftherealitythattheyrepresent.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.reflections
B.demonstrations
C.illuminations
D.reproductions
【答案】A
【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】
A.reflections反射B.demonstrations示范;展示
C.illuminations啟發(fā);闡釋D.reproductions復(fù)制品
【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析。
【解題思路】空格前that引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句,先行詞是novel,這里mirror做動(dòng)詞表反映,意思為反映世界的小說(shuō);空格后of短語(yǔ)做后置定語(yǔ),表示所代表事實(shí)的……;根據(jù)句意,應(yīng)該是反映世界的小說(shuō)是所代表事實(shí)的反映。這兩處應(yīng)該相對(duì)應(yīng)。綜上所述,A選項(xiàng)reflections“反射”可引申為此句所需的邏輯“反映”以滿足上述條件。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
B選項(xiàng)demonstration表示清楚細(xì)致地展示;
C選項(xiàng)illumination指某物能夠被理解;
D選項(xiàng)reproduction表示復(fù)制出與原物相似的物品。
【句意】許多試圖反映世界的小說(shuō)的確反映了它們所代表的現(xiàn)實(shí)。
5.寫(xiě)作題
Directions:Thepassagecontainstenerrors.Eachindicatedlinecontainsamaximumofoneerror.Ineachcase,onlyonewordisinvolved.Youshouldproofreadthepassage,trytodetecttheerrorsandwritedownyourcorrectionsontheanswersheet.
【答案】答:
1.lack改為short
2.launch改為launched
3.it改為which
4.crews改為crew
5.Upon改為Once
6.rotation改為rotate
7.inwards改為outwards
8.will改為would
9.from改為into
10.fantastically改為fantastical
【解析】1.【解題思路】lackof中的lack是一個(gè)名詞,所以lackof也是一個(gè)名詞詞組,跟在be動(dòng)詞后面應(yīng)該跟冠詞,所以這里要把名詞lack改為形容詞short,shortof表示“短缺”。
2.【解題思路】分析句子可知,saw是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,所以launch應(yīng)該用非謂語(yǔ)形式,而太空巴士是在1981年首次著陸,事情發(fā)生在過(guò)去,所以launch用過(guò)去分詞形式launched。
3.【解題思路】分析句子可知,主句是Thisis“Columbia”,后面沒(méi)有連詞,所以只能作為定語(yǔ)從句修飾Columbia,故把it改為which。
4.【解題思路】crew是一個(gè)復(fù)數(shù)名詞,表示“全體人員”,不用再跟s,故crews改為crew。
5.【解題思路】Upon表示“在……之上”,而此句是指“空間站一旦建成,它就會(huì)產(chǎn)生自己的大氣層”,故把Upon改為Once。
6.【解題思路】rotation是一個(gè)名詞,而needto后面要跟動(dòng)詞,故把rotation改為rotate。
7.【解題思路】此句是指“在離心力的作用下,人們將被迫從中心向外移動(dòng)”,而inwards表示“向內(nèi)”,所以應(yīng)該把inwards改為outwards。
8.【解題思路】根據(jù)文章可知,此處是表示生活在外太空的一種假設(shè)情況,而will不含有虛擬的語(yǔ)氣,故把will改為would。
9.【解題思路】beconverted一般與to或者into搭配,表示“被轉(zhuǎn)變成”,所以把from改為into。
10.【解題思路】sounds是系動(dòng)詞,后面應(yīng)該是一個(gè)形容詞,所以要把副詞fantastically改為形容詞fantastical。
6.翻譯題
科技進(jìn)步正在使我們能夠探索宇宙的邊陲、物質(zhì)最基本的成分及生命的奇跡。
與此同時(shí),今天,人類所做的及沒(méi)能做到的事情,不僅危害到這個(gè)星球上的生命,也危害到該星球的壽命。
全球化正在使地球變得愈來(lái)愈小、愈來(lái)愈快和愈來(lái)愈富有。盡管如此,9/11、禽流感及伊朗提醒我們,更小更快的世界決不意味著其更安全。
我們正處于一個(gè)知識(shí)爆炸的世界之中,不過(guò),迫切需要智慧?,F(xiàn)在,在(新聞采訪的)原聲摘要播出變得愈來(lái)愈短,即時(shí)信息淘汰了雜記文,個(gè)人生活變得如癡如狂之際,這個(gè)世界還是需要能夠深思的大學(xué)生。
考慮到這些理由,我過(guò)去信仰,而今天甚至更加強(qiáng)烈地信仰大學(xué)獨(dú)特的、無(wú)可取代的使命。
對(duì)今天許多人來(lái)說(shuō),科學(xué)家給人民的形象是他們收集數(shù)據(jù),客觀地追求真理。
科學(xué)是如此受到尊重,以至在任何關(guān)于智力、教育、能源等話題的討論中只要一句話:“科學(xué)這樣說(shuō)的”就會(huì)把反對(duì)意見(jiàn)壓下去。
研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)存在弄虛作假的現(xiàn)象,即許多科學(xué)家對(duì)所得資料加以修改,使之有利于學(xué)生本人期望的結(jié)果的傾向。
【答案】Theadvancementofscienceandtechnologyareenableustoprobethefurthestreachesoftheuniverse,themostbasicconstituentsofmatter,andthemiracleoflife.
Atthesametime,today,theactionandinactionofhumanbeingsthreatennotonlylifeontheplanet,buttheverylifeoftheplanet.
Globalizationismakingtheworldsmallerandsmaller,fasterandfaster.Still,9/11,avianflu,andIranremindusthatasmallerandfasterworldisnotnecessarilyasaferworld.
Ourworldisburstingwithknowledge-butdesperatelyinneedofwisdom.Nowadays,whensoundsbitesaregettingshorter,wheninstantmessagescrowdoutessays,andwhenindividuallivesgrowcrazier,collegegraduateswhoarethoughtfularewhatourworldneeds.
ForallthesereasonsIbelieved,andIbelieveevenmorefirmlytodaythatthemissionoftheuniversityisuniqueandirreplaceable.
Inmanypeople’seyestoday,scientistsarethosewhocollectdataandpursuetruthobjectively.
Scienceissorespectedthatinanydiscussionontopicsofintelligence,educationandenergy,thesimplesayingof“sciencesaysso”wouldsuppressanydissentingopinion.
Researchersdiscoveredtheexistenceoffalsifications,whichisthetendencythatmanyscientistsrevisethedatatheyhaveobtained,tomakeitfavorablefortheirexpectedresults.
7.單選題
Whathetoldmewasa()ofdownrightlies.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.load
B.mob
C.pack
D.flock
【答案】A
【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。load“負(fù)荷,重?fù)?dān),裝載量”;mob“暴民,烏合之眾”;pack“包裹,背包”;flock“(飛禽,牲畜等的)群”。句意:他告訴我的都是一些明顯的謊言。aloadof“大量,許多”,選項(xiàng)A符合題意。
8.單選題
Ifthedisputeisnotsettledina(n)_______waysoon,thetwocountrieswillcertainlygotowar.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.amiable
B.amicable
C.inimical
D.unfriendly
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)amiable“親切友好的”;B選項(xiàng)amicable“心平氣和的”;C選項(xiàng)inimical“對(duì)……有害的;敵意的”;D選項(xiàng)unfriendly“不友好的”。句意:如果爭(zhēng)端不盡快以_______的方式解決,這兩個(gè)國(guó)家肯定會(huì)開(kāi)戰(zhàn)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境,這里指如果沒(méi)有妥善解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題,就會(huì)引發(fā)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng),amicable“心平氣和的”方式放在這里比較合適。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
9.單選題
Asasalesman,heworksona(n)()basis,taking10%ofeverythinghesells.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.income
B.commission
C.salary
D.pension
【答案】B
【解析】名詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)下半句句意:從他銷售的每件商品中抽取10%。由此推斷,填空處應(yīng)該指?jìng)蚪?,所以選項(xiàng)B正確。pension指退休金,撫恤金。
10.翻譯題
環(huán)境與我們的生存息息相關(guān)。越來(lái)越嚴(yán)重的環(huán)境污染影響了我們的生活,我們理當(dāng)應(yīng)該更加重視環(huán)境保護(hù)問(wèn)題。
近年來(lái),由于車輛和工廠不斷增加,空氣和生活品質(zhì)也不斷惡化。此外,許多人缺乏公德心,亂丟垃圾,以致污染了湖泊和河流。更重要的是,農(nóng)民大量使用化學(xué)藥物使食物中毒事件一再發(fā)生。長(zhǎng)此下去,我們將呼吸不到新鮮的空氣,喝不到純凈的水,吃不到營(yíng)養(yǎng)的食物了。
正因?yàn)閱?wèn)題很嚴(yán)重,環(huán)境污染受到了各個(gè)國(guó)家政府的關(guān)注。就拿中國(guó)政府為例,2001年,全國(guó)環(huán)境污染治理投資為1106.6億元,比上年增加4.3%,人民也會(huì)公開(kāi)談?wù)撜畬?duì)于環(huán)境污染的新舉措??偟膩?lái)說(shuō),環(huán)境污染加劇的情況得到了一些控制。
畢竟,我們只有一個(gè)地球可以居住,保護(hù)環(huán)境非常重要。我們主張嚴(yán)格控制環(huán)境以保護(hù)環(huán)境。同時(shí),不僅僅是政府,每一個(gè)人,不管你住在哪里,都應(yīng)該盡力保護(hù)環(huán)境。以免其惡化。
【答案】Theexistenceofhumansisdirectlyboundwiththeenvironmentinwhichwelive.Weshouldpaymoreattentiontoenvironmentalprotectionbecauseoftheinfluenceofmoreandmoreseriousenvironmentalpollutiononourliving.
Inrecentyears,withtheincreasingnumberofcarsandfactories,thequalityofairandlivingisworsening.Inaddition,lackingofsocialmorality,somepeoplelitterrubbishatwill,whichcontaminateslakesandrivers.What’sworse,farmer’soverusingchemicaldrugsleadtorepeatedincidentsoffoodpoisoning.Ifthesituationgoesonlikethis,wewon’thavefreshairtobreathe,purewatertodrink,ornourishingfoodtoeat.
Differentgovernmentsattachgreatimportanceonenvironmentalpollutionduetotheseverityofthesituation.TakeChinesegovernmentasanexample,in2011,theinvestmentforenvironmentalpollutiontreatmentcometo110.66billionyuan,anincreaseof4.3percentcomparedwiththepreviousyear.Andpeopletalkedopenlyaboutthegovernment’snewmeasuresagainstenvironmentalpollution.Inshort,thetendencytoworseningenvironmentalpollutionhasbeencontrolled.
Afterall,thereisonlyoneearth.Itisveryimportanttoprotectenvironment.Weadvocatestrictcontrolofpollutiontoprotectenvironment.Meanwhile,everyone,besidesthegovernment,nomatterwhereyouare,shouldtryone’sbesttopreventtheenvironmentfromdeteriorating.
11.不定項(xiàng)選擇題
Picture-takingisatechniquebothforannexingtheobjectiveworldandforexpressingthesingularself.Photographsdepictobjectiverealitiesthatalreadyexist,thoughonlythecameracandisclosethem.Andtheydepictanindividualphotographer’stemperamentdiscoveringitselfthroughthecamera’scroppingofreality.Thatis,photographyhastwoantitheticalideals:inthefirst,photographyisabouttheworldandthephotographerisamereobserverwhocountsforlittle;butinthesecond,photographyistheinstrumentofintrepid,questingsubjectivityandthephotographerisall.
Theseconflictingidealsarisefromafundamentaluneasinessonthepartofbothphotographersandviewersofphotographstowardtheaggressivecomponentitin“taking”apicture.Accordingly,theidealofaphotographerasobserverisattractivebecauseitimplicitlydeniesthatpicture-takingisanaggressiveact.Theissue,ofcourse,isnotsoclear-cut.Whatphotographersdocannotbecharacterizedassimplypredatoryorassimply,andessentially,benevolent.Asaconsequence,oneidealofpicture-takingortheotherisalwaysbeingrediscoveredandchampioned.
Animportantresultofthecoexistenceofthesetwoidealsisarecurrentambivalencetowardphotography’smeans.Whatevertheclaimsthatphotographymightmaketobeaformofpersonalexpressiononaparwithpainting,itsoriginalityisinextricablylinkedtothepowersofamachine.Thesteadygrowthofthesepowershasmadepossibletheextraordinaryinformativenessandimaginativeformalbeautyofmanyphotographs,likeHaroldEdgerton’shigh-speedphotographsofabullethittingitstargetoroftheswirlsandeddiesofatennisstroke.Butascamerasbecomemoresophisticated,moreautomated,somephotographersaretemptedtodisarmthemselvesortosuggestthattheyarenotreallyarmed,preferringtosubmitthemselvestothelimitsimposedbyper-moderncameratechnologybecauseacruder,lesshighpoweredmachineisthoughttogivemoreinterestingoremotiveresults,toleavemoreroomforcreativeaccident.Forexample,ithasbeenvirtuallyapointofhonorformanyphotographers,includingWalkerEvansandCartier-Bresson,torefusetousemodernequipment.Thesephotographershavecometodoubtthevalueofthecameraaninstrumentof“fastseeing.”Cartier-Bresson,infact,claimsthatthemoderncameramayseetoofast.
Thisambivalencetowardphotographicmeansdeterminestrendsintaste.Thecultofthefuture(offasterandfasterseeing)alternatesovertimewiththewishtoreturntoapurerpas—whenimageshadahandmadequality.Thisnostalgiaforsomepristinestateofthephotographicenterpriseiscurrentlywide-spreadandunderliesthepresent-dayenthusiasmfordaguerreotypesandtheworkofforgottennineteenth-centuryprovincialphotographers.Photographersandviewersofphotographs,itseems,needperiodicallytoresisttheirownknowingness.
1.Accordingtothepassage,interestamongphotographersineachofphotography’stwoidealscanbedescribedas().
2.Theauthor’sisprimarilyconcernedwith().
3.TheauthormentionstheworkofHaroldEdgertoninordertoprovideanexampleof().
4.Accordingtothepassage,thetwoantitheticalidealsofphotographydifferprimarilyinthe().
5.Whichofthefollowingstatementswouldbemostlikelytobegintheparagraphimmediatelyfollowingthepassage?
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.rapidlychanging
B.cyclicallyrecurring
C.steadilygrowing
D.unimportanttotheviewersofphotographs
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.establishingnewtechnicalstandardsforcontemporaryphotography
B.analyzingtheinfluenceofphotographicidealsonpicture-taking
C.tracingthedevelopmentofcameratechnologyinthetwentiethcentury
D.describinghowphotographers’individualtemperamentsarereflectedintheirwork
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.howacontrolledambivalencetowardphotography’smeanscanproduceoutstandingpictures
B.howthecontentofphotographshaschangedfromthenineteenthcenturytothetwentieth
C.thepopularityofhigh-speedphotographyinthetwentiethcentury
D.therelationshipbetweenphotographicoriginalityandtechnology
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.wayinwhicheachdefinestheroleofthephotographer
B.emphasisthateachplacesontheemotionalimpactofthefinishedproduct
C.degreeoftechnicalknowledgethateachrequiresofthephotographer
D.extentofthepowerthateachrequiresofthephotographer’sequipment
問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)
A.Photographers,asaresultoftheirheightenedawarenessoftime,areconstantlytryingtocaptureeventsandactionsthatarefleeting.
B.Thusthecultofthefuture,theworshipofmachinesandspend,isfirmlyestablishedinspiteofeffortstothecontrarybysomephotographers.
C.Therejectionoftechnicalknowledge,however,canneverbecompleteandphotographycannotforanylengthoftimepretendthatithasnoweapons.
D.Thepointofhonorinvolvedinrejectingcomplexequipmentis,however,ofnosignificancetotheviewerofaphotograph.
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:B
第3題:D
第4題:A
第5題:C
【解析】1.【試題答案】B
【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞twoideals定位到文章第二段倒數(shù)第一句Asaconsequence,oneidealofpicture-takingortheotherisalwaysbeingrediscoveredandchampioned.(因此,拍照兩個(gè)理想總是被重新發(fā)現(xiàn)和擁護(hù)),可知B選項(xiàng)“周期性重復(fù)出現(xiàn)”符合題意;A,D選項(xiàng)“快速變化”“對(duì)照片的觀眾來(lái)說(shuō)不重要”在文章內(nèi)沒(méi)有提及;根據(jù)第三段第二、三句Whatevertheclaimsthatphotographymightmaketobeaformofpersonalexpressiononaparwithpainting,itsoriginalityisinextricablylinkedtothepowersofamachine.Thesteadygrowthofthesepowershasmadepossibletheextraordinaryinformativenessandimaginativeformalbeautyofmanyphotographs...(無(wú)論攝影是一種與繪畫(huà)同等的個(gè)人表現(xiàn)形式,它的獨(dú)創(chuàng)性都不可避免地與機(jī)器的力量聯(lián)系在一起。這些力量的穩(wěn)步增長(zhǎng),使許多照片的非凡的信息性和想象力的形式美成為可能)可知穩(wěn)步增長(zhǎng)的是機(jī)器的力量,由此可以排除C選項(xiàng)“穩(wěn)步增長(zhǎng)”;因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。
2.【試題答案】B
【試題解析】作者意圖題。根據(jù)第一段最后Thatis,photographyhastwoantitheticalideals:inthefirst,photographyisabouttheworldandthephotographerisamereobserverwhocountsforlittle;butinthesecond,photographyistheinstrumentofintrepid,questingsubjectivityandthephotographerisall.(也就是說(shuō),攝影有兩個(gè)相反的理想:第一,攝影是關(guān)于世界的,攝影師只是一個(gè)無(wú)足輕重的觀察者;第二,攝影是一種無(wú)畏、求索主體性的工具,攝影者是一切)提出了攝影有兩個(gè)相反的影響這個(gè)觀點(diǎn),接下來(lái)幾段都圍繞這兩個(gè)觀點(diǎn)展開(kāi),因此B選項(xiàng)“分析攝影理想對(duì)攝影的影響”是作者關(guān)心的內(nèi)容;A選項(xiàng)“為當(dāng)代攝影建立新的技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”和C選項(xiàng)“追溯20世紀(jì)照相機(jī)技術(shù)的發(fā)展”在原文中未提及;D選項(xiàng)“描述攝影師的個(gè)人氣質(zhì)如何反映在他們的作品中”只是原文中片面的內(nèi)容,用來(lái)支撐作者所提出的攝影有兩個(gè)相反的影響這個(gè)觀點(diǎn),排除。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
3.【試題答案】D
【試題解析】作者意圖題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞HaroldEdgerton可以定位到文章倒數(shù)第二段第二句話itsoriginalityisinextricablylinkedtothepowersofamachine(它的獨(dú)創(chuàng)性都不可避免地與機(jī)器的力量聯(lián)系在一起)可以得知D選項(xiàng)正確,由文章最后一段第一句Thisambivalencetowardphotographicmeansdeterminestrendsintaste.(這種對(duì)攝影手段的矛盾心理決定了品味的趨勢(shì))可以得知A選項(xiàng)“對(duì)攝影手段有節(jié)制的矛盾心理是如何產(chǎn)生杰出的照片的”錯(cuò)誤,文章提及了矛盾心理會(huì)影響品味的趨勢(shì)但并沒(méi)有提到是如何因此產(chǎn)生杰出照片;和B選項(xiàng)“從19世紀(jì)到20世紀(jì),照片的內(nèi)容是如何變化的”以及C選項(xiàng)“20世紀(jì)高速攝影的普及”在原文中都沒(méi)提到;D選項(xiàng)“攝影創(chuàng)意與技術(shù)的關(guān)系”,因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。
4.【試題答案】A
【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句Thatis,photographyhastwoantitheticalideals:inthefirst,photographyisabouttheworldandthephotographerisamereobserverwhocountsforlittle;butinthesecond,photographyistheinstrumentofintrepid,questingsubjectivityandthephotographerisall.(也就是說(shuō),攝影有兩個(gè)對(duì)立的理想:第一,攝影是關(guān)于世界的,攝影者只是一個(gè)無(wú)足輕重的觀察者;但在第二種情況下,攝影是無(wú)畏的、探索的主體性的工具,而攝影師就是一切。),可知A選項(xiàng)“每個(gè)人定義攝影師角色的方式”正確;B選項(xiàng)“強(qiáng)調(diào)每個(gè)地方對(duì)最終產(chǎn)品的情感影響”,C選項(xiàng)“每個(gè)人對(duì)攝影師的技術(shù)知識(shí)要求的程度”以及D選項(xiàng)“每個(gè)人對(duì)攝影師設(shè)備的要求的力量的程度”在原文中未提到,錯(cuò)誤;因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。
5.【試題答案】C
【試題解析】推理判斷題。倒數(shù)一二段都在提及技術(shù)的發(fā)展給攝影師帶來(lái)的思考和改變,人們對(duì)未來(lái)(越來(lái)越快的視覺(jué))的狂熱,與對(duì)回歸更純粹的過(guò)去的渴望交替出現(xiàn),因此C選項(xiàng)“然而,對(duì)技術(shù)知識(shí)的拒絕決不可能是完全的,攝影也不可能在任何時(shí)間里假裝它沒(méi)有武器”最有可能出現(xiàn)在下一段;A選項(xiàng)“由于攝影師對(duì)時(shí)間的高度意識(shí),他們總是試圖捕捉那些稍縱即逝的事件和行為”在前文沒(méi)有大篇幅的提起,所以不可能馬上開(kāi)始在文章的下一段;由倒數(shù)第一段Thecultofthefuture(offasterandfasterseeing)alternatesovertimewiththewishtoreturntoapurerpas—whenimageshadahandmadequality.Thisnostalgiaforsomepristinestateofthephotographicenterpriseiscurrentlywide-spreadandunderliesthepresent-dayenthusiasmfordaguerreotypesandtheworkofforgottennineteenth-centuryprovincialphotographers.(隨著時(shí)間的推移,人們對(duì)未來(lái)(越來(lái)越快的視覺(jué))的狂熱,與對(duì)回歸更純粹的過(guò)去的渴望交替出現(xiàn)——那時(shí)的圖像具有手工制作的質(zhì)量。這種對(duì)攝影事業(yè)某些原始狀態(tài)的懷舊情緒目前正在廣泛傳播,它是當(dāng)今對(duì)達(dá)蓋爾銀版照相法和被遺忘的19世紀(jì)省級(jí)攝影師作品的熱情的基礎(chǔ)。)可以得知對(duì)未來(lái)的崇拜和對(duì)回歸過(guò)去的渴望是交替出現(xiàn),B選項(xiàng)“因此,對(duì)未來(lái)的崇拜,對(duì)機(jī)器和消費(fèi)的崇拜,盡管一些攝影師的努力相反,卻牢固地建立起來(lái)”錯(cuò)誤;D選項(xiàng)“然而,拒絕復(fù)雜設(shè)備所涉及的榮譽(yù)問(wèn)題對(duì)照片的觀看者來(lái)說(shuō)沒(méi)有意義”在原文中沒(méi)有提及。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。
12.單選題
AlanPattonfoundthatinsuchaquick-fixedsociety,somepeopleevendon’tbothertoreadamasterpiece(
).
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.inthedetail
B.inthedetails
C.indetail
D.indetails
【答案】C
【解析】【試題解析】考查固定搭配。C選項(xiàng)indetail“詳細(xì)地”,介詞短語(yǔ)能做狀語(yǔ);D選項(xiàng)indetails“逐個(gè)地”,一般和動(dòng)詞搭配使用,表示一部分一部分地處理。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“bothertoreadamasterpiece辛苦地去讀著作”,可知空格部分indetail符合題意,句意為:阿蘭?帕頓發(fā)現(xiàn)在這樣一個(gè)快節(jié)奏的社會(huì),一些人甚至懶得詳細(xì)地去讀某部著作。故正確答案選C。
13.單選題
Theextremely(
)tradeinendangeredspeciesisprovingirresistibletocountriesingravecurrencycrisis.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.lucrative
B.approximate
C.ambitious
D.prospective
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。lucrative意為“獲利多的,賺錢(qián)的”;approximate意為“大概的”;ambitious意為“有雄心的”;prospective意為“預(yù)期的”。
句意:極其有利可圖的瀕危物種貿(mào)易對(duì)于那些面臨嚴(yán)重貨幣危機(jī)的國(guó)家來(lái)說(shuō)是無(wú)法抗拒的。
14.單選題
Heraisedhiseyebrowsandstuckhisheadforwardand()itinasinglenod,agestureboysusedthenforO.K.whentheywerepleased.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.shrugged
B.tugged
C.jerked
D.twisted
【答案】C
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)shrugged“聳肩”;B選項(xiàng)tugged“用力拖,拉”;C選項(xiàng)jerked“使猝然一動(dòng),猛拉”;D選項(xiàng)twisted“使纏繞”。句意:他揚(yáng)起眉毛,把頭向前探了探,猛地點(diǎn)了點(diǎn)頭,這是當(dāng)時(shí)男孩們高興時(shí)用來(lái)表示“OK”的手勢(shì)。本句表示猛地點(diǎn)了點(diǎn)頭,因此C選項(xiàng)正確。
15.單選題
SomescientistshavesuggestedthatEarthisakindofzooorwildlife(
)
forintelligentspacebeings,likethewildernessareaswehavesetuponearthtoallowanimalstodevelopnaturallywhileweobservethem.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.conservation
B.maintenance
C.storage
D.reserve
【答案】D
【解析】固定用法。wildlifereserve指野生動(dòng)物保護(hù)區(qū)。所以選項(xiàng)D正確。
16.單選題
Justlikelastyear’ssmartphone,theMate10modelswill________performanceovertimebylearningwhichappsyouuseregularly.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.optimize
B.substitute
C.legitimate
D.mobilize
【答案】A
【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】
A.optimize優(yōu)化,充分利用B.substitute代替,取代
C.legitimate使合法,使正當(dāng)D.mobilize組織,動(dòng)員
【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。
【解題思路】空格處和下文的“performance(性能)”構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓邏輯,表示Mate10這款手機(jī)會(huì)怎么樣自己的性能,它的方式是“通過(guò)了解你經(jīng)常使用的(useregularly)應(yīng)用程序”,由此可知,這樣會(huì)使手機(jī)的性能更好。optimize指使某物盡可能好或以最好的方式使用某物,因此A選項(xiàng)optimize“優(yōu)化,充分利用”最符合題意。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
B選項(xiàng)substitute“代替,取代”指用某事物取代另一事物,不符合題干的語(yǔ)義邏輯;
C選項(xiàng)legitimate“使合法,使正當(dāng)”指使某物或某人合法化,不符合題干的語(yǔ)義邏輯;
D選項(xiàng)mobilize“組織,動(dòng)員”指組織一群人為達(dá)到某一特定目標(biāo)而共同努力,不能和“performance(性能)”進(jìn)行搭配。
【句意】就像去年的智能手機(jī)一樣,Mate10將通過(guò)了解你經(jīng)常使用的應(yīng)用程序,隨著時(shí)間的推移來(lái)優(yōu)化性能。
17.單選題
Theplacedidnotappeartobepopular,foritwascompletelydeserted,andinanycase______totraffic.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.inadequate
B.inaccessible
C.incompatible
D.insignificant
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)inadequate“不充分的,不適當(dāng)?shù)摹保珺項(xiàng)inaccessible“難達(dá)到的;難接近的”,C項(xiàng)incompatible“不相容的,矛盾的”,D項(xiàng)insignificant“無(wú)關(guān)緊要的”。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空格處應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)形容詞充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)修飾theplace且和后面的totraffic連用,由此推斷,空格處填入inaccessible“難以達(dá)到的”符合語(yǔ)境。句意:這個(gè)地方似乎并不受歡迎,因?yàn)樗耆臎?,而且無(wú)論如何交通不通。因此,該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。
18.單選題
ItisGasNatural’sthirdattempttohookupwithabigpartnerinSpain’srapidlyconsolidatingpowerindustry,havingbeenrebuffedbyEndesain2005andIberdrolain2003.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.repulsed
B.disclaimed
C.excoriated
D.redintegrated
【答案】B
【解析】考查近義動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)repulse“驅(qū)逐;憎惡”;B選項(xiàng)disclaim“否認(rèn),拒絕;放棄,棄權(quán);拒絕承認(rèn)”;C選項(xiàng)excoriate“嚴(yán)厲的責(zé)難;擦破……的皮膚”;D選項(xiàng)redintegrate“使復(fù)原;重建;使更新”。句意:這是西班牙天然氣公司第三次嘗試在西班牙快速鞏固的電力行業(yè)中與大型合作伙伴結(jié)盟,2005年被Endesa公司拒絕,2003年被Iberdrola公司拒絕。rebuff“斷然拒絕”,B選項(xiàng)與該詞詞意最相近,因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
19.單選題
Restandproperdietarecontributivetogoodhealth.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.conducive
B.apprehensive
C.pervasive
D.exclusive
【答案】A
【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】
A.conducive有助的;有益的B.apprehensive憂慮的;不安的
C.pervasive普遍的D.exclusive獨(dú)有的;專用的
【答案】A
【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。
【解題思路】句意:休息和適當(dāng)?shù)娘嬍硨?duì)身體健康……。根據(jù)句意,休息和適當(dāng)飲食應(yīng)該是有益于身體健康。因此選A。劃線詞contributive意為“有幫助的”。A選項(xiàng)與劃線詞意思相近。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D選項(xiàng)均不符合句意。
【句意】休息和適當(dāng)?shù)娘嬍秤兄谏眢w健康。
20.單選題
Oneofthegreatthingsaboutcoveringtechnologyisthatifyouhangaroundlongenough,yougettowritethesamestoriesalloveragain.In1987,whenIfirststartedonthetechbeat,desktopPCswereabigdeal.Todaytheexcitementhasmovedtomobiledevices,alsoknownassmartphones.Watchingthisnewmarketunfoldisabitlikeseeingoneofthosemovieswherethey'vetakenanoldclassicandremadeitwithnewstarsbutthesamescript.
Now,asthen,asmallerdeviceisdisplacingabiggerone.Now,asthen,theplatformremainssomewhatprimitivebutisevolvingrapidly,Hardwaremakersaretryingtofigureoutwhichuserinterfaceworksbest.Softwaremakersaredreamingupnewwaystousemachinesthateventheircreatorscouldnothaveimagined.Now,asthen,anewecosystemisarising,withdisruptivetechnologycreatingnewpowerhousesandthreateningthesurvivalofmarketleaders.
ThemoststrikingGroundhogDaymomentformeinvolvesApple.Backin1984,AppleleaptwayaheadinthePCmarketwhenitreleasedtheoriginalMacintosh,thefirstpopularcomputertoemployagraphicaluserinterface.IttookMicrosoftsixyearstocomeupwiths
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