考研考博-英語-婁底職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-婁底職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Thelocalgovernmentisintensifyingeffortstopopularize（

）educationinrurallocalities.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.instinctive

B.impulsive

C.compulsory

D.voluntary

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。instinctive意為“天生的，生來的”；impulsive意為“沖動(dòng)的”；compulsory意為“(因法律或規(guī)則而)必須做的，強(qiáng)制的”；voluntary意為“自愿的，自發(fā)的”。

句意：當(dāng)?shù)卣诩哟笈υ谵r(nóng)村地區(qū)普及義務(wù)教育。

2.單選題

Weare（）facedwiththenecessarytorecognizethathavingmorepeopleimpliesalowstandardofliving.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.readily

B.smoothly

C.inevitably

D.deliberately

【答案】C

【解析】考查副詞辨析。A項(xiàng)readily“容易地，樂意地”，B項(xiàng)smoothly“平穩(wěn)地，平滑地”，C項(xiàng)inevitably“不可避免地”，D項(xiàng)deliberately“故意地”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞withthenecessaryto（有必要）可知，空格部分填入inevitably最合適。句意：我們不可避免地必須要認(rèn)識(shí)到人越多生活水平越低。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Robertsaysheboughtthesebooksina.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.disposal

B.bargain

C.reduction

D.sale

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)disposaln.處理，支配；B選項(xiàng)bargainn.交易，便宜貨，契約；C選項(xiàng)reductionn.減少，下降；D選項(xiàng)salen.銷售，出售，拍賣，廉價(jià)出售。根據(jù)句意可知，Robert說這些書都是打折時(shí)候買的。因此，D項(xiàng)是正確答案。

4.問答題

AlongtimeaidetoPresidentBushwhowroteoccasionalguestcolumnsforhishometownnewspaper

resignedonFridayeveningafteradmittingthathehadrepeatedlyplagiarizedfrom

A

B

C

otherwriters.TheWhiteHousecalledhisactionsunaccepted.

D

【答案】試題答案：D;unacceptable

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。白宮稱他的行為是不可接受的。unaccepted意為“不被接受的”，unacceptable意為“不可接受的”。

5.單選題

Somewriters,fromsheerexuberanceoradesiretoshowoff,interlardtheirworkwithforeignexpressions,withnoregardforthereader’scomfort.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sprinkle

B.spray

C.scatter

D.disperse

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.sprinkle撒；使某物包含少量的另一物B.spray噴；噴灑

C.scatter撒播；散開D.disperse分散；疏散

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息withforeignexpressions（用外來語）和withnoregardforthereader’scomfort（完全不顧讀者的感受）可推知，作者在作品中摻雜外來語言，interlard表示“摻雜”的意思，A項(xiàng)詞義與之相近，故該題選擇A項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D項(xiàng)詞義不符合句中所選詞匯。

【句意】有些作家純粹出于熱情或炫耀的欲望，在自己的作品中摻雜外來語，完全不顧讀者的感受。

6.單選題

TheParthenon,abuildinginAthens,Greece,isperhapsoneofthemostMemorablestructuresonEarth.Built25centuriesago,itisoneofthegreatarchitecturaloftheancientworld.Therearemanyreasonsforitsgreatness.

Background

AthenswasthemostimportantcityinancientGreece.In480B.C.GreeceattackbyboththePersianarmyandthePersiannavy.TheAtheniancommander,Themistocles,knewthathisforcescouldnotdefeatthePersianarraythenmarchingtowardAthens.HopinginsteadtomakeastandagainstthePersiansatsea,ThemistoclesandhisforcesfledAthensforanearbyisland.AlthoughthePersianarmyoverwhelmedAthensandleftitinruins,theGreeknavy,ledbyThemistocles,annihilatedthePersianfleet.ThisvictorybytheGreeksledallPersianforcestoretreatwithinoneyear.

About30yearslaterthebuildingoftheParthenonbegan.Constructiontookplacebetween447and432B.C.DuringtheruleofPericles,theParthenonwasconstructedonthesamesiteasanunfinishedstructureintendedtohonorthemenwhohadlosttheirlifeinanearlierbattleagainstthePersians.TheParthenonwouldstandasasymbolofthestrengthlivesandimportanceoftheGreekpeople.

Location

ManyimportantcitiesinancientGreecehadanacropolis,or“highcity”,onwhichpeopleconstructedimportantbuildings.Theacropoliswasthehighestandmostdefensiblelocation,soitalsoservedasafortressintheeventofenemyattack.TheParthenonislocatedabout500feetabovethecityofAthens.BeforetheParthenoncouldbebuilt,someareasoftheacropolishadtobeleveleddown,andotherareashadtobebuiltup.Thenalarge,solidfoundationwasconstructedouttolimestoneblocks.Theentireareawasbuttressedbyareinforcingwall.

Description

TheParthenonisarectangularstructureconsistingoftwoinnerareassurroundedbycolumns.Thereareeightcolumnsateachendandseventeencolumnsalongeachside.Itisalargestructure,consideringwhenitwasbuilt.Itisabout200feetlongandabout100feetwide.Itstandsabout60feethigh.

Construction

OneextraordinaryaspectoftheParthenonisitsconstruction.Itrequiredbetween20,000and30,000tonsofmarblethathadtobepreciselycarvedsothathugeblocksofitcouldbefittedtogetherwithoutmortartoformthecolumnsandinteriorwalls.

Perhapsevenmoreimpressivearethe“opticalcorrections”thatwereused.ThecolumnsbulgeslightlyinthemiddlebecauseexperiencehadshowntheGreeksthatperfectlystraightcolumnswouldnotlookstraighttoviewer.Becausecomercolumnsnormallysmallerthanothers,thecomercolumnsoftheParthenonweremadeslightlythickerandwereplacedclosertotheothercolumns.Thecolumnswerealsodesignedtoleaninwardslightlybecauseperfectlyperpendicularcolumnsseemtoslantoutward.FurthermoretheplatformonwhichtheParthenonsitswasmadetocurveupwardinthemiddlebecauseperfectlylevelfloorwouldappeartosaginthecenter.

TheParthenonstandstodaydespitethefactthatthecenturiesthathavepassed.ItisatimelesstributetotheenduringcultureoftheGreekpeopleandisconsideredamodelofexcellenceinconceptandconstruction.Itestablishedtheclassicstyleofarchitectureseentodayinmanypublicbuildings,suchastheWhiteHouseand.theLincolnMemorialinWashington.D.C.ThisarchitecturalstyleisalastinggiftfromtheancientGreekstothemodemworld.

21.TheauthorofthePassageprobablyviewstheParthenonwith____.

22.Inthispassage,theword“annihilated”means____.

23.ThepassagesuggeststhatmostimportantcitiesinancientGreecehadanacropolisto____.

24.ThereadercanconcludethattheParthenon____.

25.WhatistheapproximatelengthoftheParthenon?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.amusement

B.suspicion

C.amazement

D.disapproval

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.destroyedcompletely

B.understood

C.examinedcarefully

D.survived

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.protectthemselvesincaseofinvasion

B.houseaParthenon

C.imprisonthePersianforces

D.honorPericles

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.hadcolumnsmadeoflimestone

B.requiredmuchefforttobuild

C.hadapalaceinsidefortheleaderofAthens

D.wasnevercompletelyfinished

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.60feet

B.100feet

C.200feet

D.500feet

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】21.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

TheauthorofthePassageprobablyviewstheParthenonwith____.這篇文章的作者可能用____來看待帕臺(tái)農(nóng)神廟（Parthenon）。

A.amusementA.娛樂

B.suspicionB.懷疑

C.amazementC.驚訝

D.disapprovalD.反對(duì)

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題

【解題思路】本題詢問的是作者如何看待帕臺(tái)農(nóng)神廟。原文首段提到“希臘雅典的帕臺(tái)農(nóng)神廟可能是地球上最令人難忘的（themostMemorable）建筑之一”；中間各段分別介紹了神廟的背景、地址、建筑特征等；原文最后一段提到“它是對(duì)希臘人民持久文化的永恒致敬（atimelesstribute），被認(rèn)為是理念和建設(shè)方面的卓越典范（amodelofexcellenceinconceptandconstruction）”，以及“這種建筑風(fēng)格是古希臘人送給現(xiàn)代世界的永恒禮物（alastinggift）”。由此可知，作者整體上是贊揚(yáng)這個(gè)神廟的，驚訝于它的成就，語氣也比較正式和認(rèn)真，C選項(xiàng)“驚訝”最符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A選項(xiàng)“娛樂”、B選項(xiàng)“懷疑”、D選項(xiàng)“反對(duì)”不符合原文語氣。

22.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Inthispassage,theword“annihilated”means____.在這篇文章中，“annihilated”這個(gè)詞的意思是____。

A.destroyedcompletelyA.完全摧毀

B.understoodB.理解

C.examinedcarefullyC.仔細(xì)檢查

D.survivedD.幸存

【考查點(diǎn)】詞匯推斷題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞annihilated定位到原文Background小節(jié)第1段倒數(shù)第2句，該句提到“盡管（Although）波斯軍隊(duì)（Persianarmy）擊潰了（overwhelmed）雅典（Athens）并將其夷為廢墟，但在Themistocles的帶領(lǐng)下，希臘海軍（theGreeknavy）____了波斯艦隊(duì)（thePersianfleet）。”根據(jù)句意可知，前后兩句句意之間存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，前一句講到波斯軍隊(duì)打敗了雅典，那么后一句應(yīng)該是說希臘海軍贏了波斯海軍。并且后文提到“希臘人的勝利（victory）導(dǎo)致波斯軍隊(duì)在一年內(nèi)全部撤退”，由此可知，希臘人勝利了。因此，該詞的詞義應(yīng)該為A選項(xiàng)“完全摧毀”。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B選項(xiàng)“理解”、C選項(xiàng)“仔細(xì)檢查”、D選項(xiàng)“幸存”不符合原文語境。

23.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

ThepassagesuggeststhatmostimportantcitiesinancientGreecehadanacropolisto____.這篇文章表明，古希臘最重要的城市都有一個(gè)衛(wèi)城來____。

A.protectthemselvesincaseofinvasionA.在遭受侵略時(shí)保護(hù)自己

B.houseaParthenonB.放一座帕臺(tái)農(nóng)神廟

C.imprisonthePersianforcesC.囚禁波斯軍隊(duì)

D.honorPericlesD.紀(jì)念伯里克利

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞mostimportantcitiesinancientGreece和anacropolis定位到原文Location小節(jié)，該小節(jié)第2句提到“衛(wèi)城是海拔最高、防御能力最強(qiáng)的地方（mostdefensiblelocation），因此在敵人進(jìn)攻時(shí)，它也可以作為要塞（servedasafortressintheeventofenemyattack）?！庇纱丝芍l(wèi)城的目的是用來防御的，A選項(xiàng)“在遭受侵略時(shí)保護(hù)自己”符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B選項(xiàng)“放一座帕臺(tái)農(nóng)神廟”、C選項(xiàng)“囚禁波斯軍隊(duì)”、D選項(xiàng)“紀(jì)念伯里克利”，非原文所說建造衛(wèi)城的目的，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有。

24.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

ThereadercanconcludethattheParthenon____.讀者可以得出結(jié)論，帕臺(tái)農(nóng)神廟____。

A.hadcolumnsmadeoflimestoneA.柱子是石灰石做的

B.requiredmuchefforttobuildB.需要付出很大的努力才能建成

C.hadapalaceinsidefortheleaderofAthensC.里面有一座紀(jì)念雅典領(lǐng)袖的宮殿

D.wasnevercompletelyfinishedD.從未完全完成

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Parthenon和選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞build定位到原文Description和Construction小節(jié)。Description小節(jié)提到“考慮到它建成的時(shí)間，它是一個(gè)很大的結(jié)構(gòu)（alargestructure）。它大約有200英尺長，100英尺寬。它大約有60英尺高?！绷硗?，Construction小節(jié)第1段第2句，該句提到“它需要兩萬到三萬噸的大理石（marble），這些大理石必須經(jīng)過精確的雕刻（bepreciselycarved），才能在不使用灰泥的情況下（withoutmortar）組裝成圓柱和內(nèi)墻?！庇纱丝芍?，該神廟很大，并且工藝很復(fù)雜，B選項(xiàng)“需要付出很大的努力才能建成”表述正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“柱子是石灰石做的”，原文提到柱子是大理石做的，而不是石灰石，該選項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤；

C選項(xiàng)“里面有一座紀(jì)念雅典領(lǐng)袖的宮殿”，可定位到原文Background小節(jié)，本節(jié)第2段第3句提到“在伯里克利統(tǒng)治時(shí)期，帕臺(tái)農(nóng)神廟（theParthenon）和一座未完工的建筑建在同一地點(diǎn)，該未完成的建筑的目的是（anunfinishedstructureintended）紀(jì)念在早期與波斯人的戰(zhàn)斗中犧牲的人?！庇纱丝芍?，紀(jì)念雅典領(lǐng)袖的宮殿不是帕臺(tái)農(nóng)神廟，該選項(xiàng)屬于張冠李戴；

D選項(xiàng)“從未完全完成”，可定位到原文Background小節(jié)，本節(jié)第2段第2句提到“建造于（Constructiontookplace）公元前447年至432年之間”，由此可知，帕臺(tái)農(nóng)神廟修建完成了。并且由C選項(xiàng)解析可知，未完成的是另一個(gè)建筑，該選項(xiàng)屬于張冠李戴。

25.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

WhatistheapproximatelengthoftheParthenon?帕臺(tái)農(nóng)神廟的大概長度是多少？

A.60feetA.60英尺

B.100feetB.100英尺

C.200feetC.200英尺

D.500feetD.500英尺

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞lengthoftheParthenon定位到原文Description小節(jié)，該節(jié)倒數(shù)第2句提到“它大約有200英尺長（200feetlong），100英尺寬。”因此，本題答案為C選項(xiàng)“200英尺”。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A選項(xiàng)“60英尺”、B選項(xiàng)“100英尺”、D選項(xiàng)“500英尺”均不符合原文。

7.單選題

It’sdifficultformyfatherto（

）withoutacane.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.talkback

B.sitin

C.standout

D.getround

【答案】D

【解析】talkback頂嘴,反駁；sitin旁聽,參加；standout站出來,堅(jiān)持到底；getround四處走動(dòng)。句意:沒有手杖,父親很難四處走動(dòng)。選項(xiàng)D符合語境。

8.單選題

MarketshadfearedthatDollymightdisruptproductionintheGulfofMexico,butthestormmissedtheoilfieldsbeforebearing（）Texas.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.downon

B.downat

C.awayat

D.awayto

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定短語搭配。beardownon“逼近，襲擊，沖向”。句意：市場(chǎng)曾擔(dān)心颶風(fēng)多莉可能會(huì)打斷墨西哥灣的生產(chǎn)，但風(fēng)暴在逼近德克薩斯之前沒有擊中油田。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Providingfirstclassserviceisoneofthetacticstheairlineadoptstoattractpassengers.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.attitudes

B.methods

C.solutions

D.thoughts

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。句意：提供頭等艙服務(wù)是航空公司吸引乘客的策略之一。A選項(xiàng)attitude“態(tài)度，看法”；B選項(xiàng)method“方法，條理”；C選項(xiàng)solution“解決方案”；D選項(xiàng)thought“想法”。tactic意為“策略，戰(zhàn)略”，選項(xiàng)B代入最符合語境。

10.單選題

SomepeoplewouldliketodoshoppingonSundayssincetheyexpectto_______wonderfulbargainsinthemarket.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.pickup

B.bumpinto

C.pileup

D.bringback

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。pickup“買到，獲得”；bumpinto“無意中遇到，碰到”；pileup“積累，堆放起來”；bringback“拿回來”。句意：有些人喜歡在星期天購物，因?yàn)樗麄兤诖I到市場(chǎng)上物美價(jià)廉的便宜貨。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

11.單選題

Itisa（

）thatinsucharichcountrythereshouldbesomanypoorpeople.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.debate

B.dispute

C.dilemma

D.paradox

【答案】D

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)debate“辯論，討論”；B選項(xiàng)dispute“辯論，爭(zhēng)吵”；C選項(xiàng)dilemma“困境，進(jìn)退兩難”；D選項(xiàng)paradox“悖論，自相矛盾的人或事”。句意：在如此富裕的國家竟然有那么多窮人，這是一個(gè)多么矛盾的事情。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

12.單選題

Thestructureoftheglobaleconomy（）thatdevelopingnationsputalltheireffortsintoraisingcash—usuallybyexportingwhatevervirginresourcestheindustrialworldmightdesire.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.dictates

B.regulates

C.allows

D.appeals

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。dictate“命令；要求”；regulate“調(diào)節(jié)”；allow“允許”；appeal“呼吁；上訴”；句意：全球經(jīng)濟(jì)的結(jié)構(gòu)……發(fā)展中國家把所有的努力都投入到籌集資金上——通常是通過出口工業(yè)世界可能需要的任何原始資源。與“thestructureoftheglobaleconomy”搭配的只能是dictate，表示“全球經(jīng)濟(jì)要求”因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

13.單選題

Iran’smoralitypoliceare（）onthesaleofBarbiedollstoprotectthepublicfromwhattheyseeasperniciouswesterncultureerodingIslamicvalues.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.puttingdown

B.breakingdown

C.crackingdown

D.lookingdown

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。putdown“寫下；鎮(zhèn)壓”；breakdown“分解；破壞”；crackdown“嚴(yán)加治理”；lookdown“俯視，向下看”。句意：伊朗道德警察……出售芭比娃娃，以保護(hù)公眾的伊斯蘭價(jià)值觀免受他們眼中有害的西方文化侵蝕。因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

14.單選題

Lastmonththefirstbaby-boomersturned60.Thebulkygenerationbornbetween1946and1964isheadingtowardsretirement.Thelooming“demographiccliff”willseevastnumbersofskilledworkersdispatchedfromthelaborforce.Theworkforceisageingacrosstherichworld.WithintheEUthenumberofworkersagedbetween50and64willincreaseby25%overthenexttwodecades,whilethoseaged20-29willdecreaseby20%.InJapanalmost20%ofthepopulationisalreadyover65,thehighestshareintheworld.AndintheUnitedStatesthenumberofworkersaged55-64willhaveincreasedbymorethanhalfinthisdecade,atthesametimeasthe35-to-44-year-oldsdeclineby10%.

Giventhatmostsocietiesaregearedtoretirementataround65，companieshavealoomingproblemofknowledgemanagement,ofmakingsurethattheboomersdonotleavebeforetheyhavehandedovertheirexpertisealongwiththeofficekeysandtheire-mailaddress.Asurveyofhuman-resourcesdirectorsbyIBMlastyearconcluded:“Whenthebaby-boomergenerationretires,manycompanieswillfindouttoolatethatacareer'sworthofexperiencehaswalkedoutthedoor,leavinginsufficienttalenttofillinthevoid.”

Somealsofaceashortageofexpertise.Inaerospaceanddefense,forexample,asmuchas40%oftheworkforceinsomecompanieswillbeeligibletoretirewithinthenextfiveyears.Atthesametime,thenumberofengineeringgraduatesindevelopedcountriesisinsteepdecline.

Afewcompaniesaresosqueezedthattheyarealreadytakingexceptionalmeasures.EarlierthisyeartheLosAngelesTimesinterviewedanenterprisingAustralianwhowasstayinginBeverlyHillswhilehetriedtopersuadelocalstoemigratetoToowoomba,Queensland,toworkforhisengineeringcompanythere.Toowoombatoday;therestofthedevelopedworldtomorrow?

Ifyoulookhardenough,youcanfindcompaniesthathavebeguntoadapttheworkplacetoolderworkers.TheAARP,anAmericanassociationfortheover-50s,producesanannuallistofthebestemployersofitsmembers.Health-carefirmsinvariablycomenearthetopbecausetheyareoneoftheindustriesmostinneedofskilledlabor.Othersectorssimilarlyaffected,saystheConferenceBoard,includeoil,gas,energyandgovernment.

NearthetopoftheAARP’slatestlistcomesDeere&Company,ano-nonsenseindustrial-equipmentmanufacturerbasedinIllinois;about35%ofDeere’s46,000employeesareover50andanumberofthemareintheir70s.Thetoolsitusestoachievethat—flexibleworking,telecommuting,andsoforth—alsocoincidentallyhelpolderworkerstoextendtheirworkinglives.Thecompanyspends“alotoftime”ontheergonomicsofitsfactories,makingjobstherelesstiring,whichenablesolderworkerstostayatthemforlonger.

Likewise,formorethanadecade,Toyota,arguablytheworld’smostadvancedmanufacturer,hasadapteditsworkstationstoolderworkers.Theshortageofskilledlaboravailabletotheautomotiveindustryhasmadeitunusuallykeentorecruitolderworkers.BMWrecentlysetupafactoryinLeipzigthatexpresslysetouttoemploypeopleovertheageof45.

Needsmustwhenthedevildrives.Otherfirmsarepolishingtheiralumninetworks.IBMusesitsnetworktorecruitretiredpeopleforparticularprojects.Ernst&Young,aprofessional-servicesfirm,hasabout30,000registeredalumni,andabout25%ofits“experienced”newrecruitsareformeremployeeswhoreturnafteranabsence.

Butsuchexamplesareunusual.AsurveyinAmericalastmonthbyErnst&Youngfoundthat“althoughcorporateAmericaforeseesasignificantworkforceshortageasboomersretire,itisnotdealingwiththeissue.”Almostthree-quartersofthe1,400globalcompaniesquestionedbyDeloittelastyearsaidtheyexpectedashortageofsalariedstaffoverthenextthreetofiveyears.Yetfewofthemarelookingtoolderworkerstofillthatshortage;andevenfewerarelookingtothemtofillanothergapthathasalreadyappeared.ManyfirmsinEuropeandAmericacomplainthattheystruggletofindqualifieddirectorsfortheirboardswhenthepoolofretiredtalentfromthoseverysamefirmsisgrowingbyleapsandbounds.

Whyarefirmsnotworkinghardertokeepoldemployees?Partofthereasonisthatthecrunchhasbeenbeyondthehorizonofmostmanagers.Norishangingontoolderworkerstheonlywaytocopewithafallingsupplyoflabor.Theparticipationofdevelopingcountriesintheworldeconomyhasincreasedtheoverallsupply—whateverthelocaleffectofdemographicsintherichcountries.AvastamountofworkisbeingsentoffshoretosuchplacesasChinaandIndiaandmorewillgoinfuture.Somecountries,suchasAustralia,arerelaxingtheirimmigrationpoliciestoallowmuchneededskillstocomeinfromabroad.Otherswillavoidtheneedforworkersbyspendingmoneyonmachineryandautomation.

1.Accordingtothepassage,themostseriousconsequenceofbaby-boomersapproachingretirementwouldbe（）.

2.ThefollowingareallthemeasuresthatcompanieshaveadoptedtocopewiththeageingworkforceEXCEPT（）.

3.“Thecompanyspends‘a(chǎn)lotoftime’ontheergonomicsofitsfactories”meansthat（）.

4.Intheauthor’sopinion,Americanfirmsarenotdoinganythingtodealwiththeissueoftheageingworkforcemainlybecause（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheauthor’sdevelopmentofargument?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.alossofknowledgeandexperiencetomanycompanies

B.adecreaseinthenumberof35-to-44-year-olds

C.acontinuousincreaseinthenumberof50-to-64-year-olds

D.itsimpactonthedevelopedworldwhoseworkforceisageing

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.makingplacesofworkaccommodatetheneedsofolderworkers

B.usingalumninetworkstohireretiredformeremployees

C.encouragingformeremployeestoworkoverseas

D.grantingmoreconvenienceinworkinghourstoolderworkers

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thecompanyattachesgreatimportancetothelayoutofitsfactories

B.thecompanyimprovestheworkingconditionsinitsfactories

C.thecompanyattemptstoreduceproductioncostsofitsfactories

D.thecompanyintendstorenovateitsfactoriesandupdateequipment

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.theyhavenotbeenawareoftheproblem

B.theyarereluctanttohireolderworkers

C.theyarenotsureofwhattheyshoulddo

D.theyhaveotheroptionstoconsider

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.introducingtheissue—citingwaystodealwiththeissue—describingtheactualstatus—offeringreasons.

B.describingtheactualstatus—introducingtheissue—citingwaystodealwiththeissue—offeringreasons.

C.citingwaystodealwiththeissue—introducingtheissue—describingtheactualstatus—offeringreasons.

D.describingtheactualstatus—offeringreasonsintroducingtheissue—citingwaystodealwiththeissue.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：根據(jù)文章，嬰兒潮一代（指出生于生育高峰期的人，生育高峰兒），即將退休的最嚴(yán)重后果將是_________。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段第一句話Lastmonththefirstbaby-boomersturned60.Thebulkygenerationbornbetween1946and1964isheadingtowardsretirement.Thelooming“demographiccliff”willseevastnumbersofskilledworkersdispatchedfromthelaborforce.Theworkforceisageingacrosstherichworld.（上個(gè)月，嬰兒潮一代迎來了60歲生日。1946年至1964年出生的龐大一代正走向退休。即將出現(xiàn)的“人口懸崖”將導(dǎo)致大量熟練工人從勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)流失。發(fā)達(dá)國家的勞動(dòng)力都在老齡化。），所以D選項(xiàng)“它對(duì)勞動(dòng)力老齡化的發(fā)達(dá)國家的影響”，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“對(duì)許多公司來說是知識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)的損失”，在文中并未提及，故排除。B選項(xiàng)“35-44歲人數(shù)的減少”，C選項(xiàng)“50-64歲人數(shù)的持續(xù)增長”，都是工人年齡未來的趨勢(shì)而不是后果，所以不符合題意。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是D選項(xiàng)。

2.推理判斷題。題干：以下是各公司為應(yīng)付勞動(dòng)力老化而采取的所有措施，除了_______。根據(jù)文章第六段第二句話Thetoolsitusestoachievethat—flexibleworking,telecommuting,andsoforth—alsocoincidentallyhelpolderworkerstoextendtheirworkinglives.（用來實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)的工具—靈活工作、遠(yuǎn)程辦公等等—也巧合地幫助了年長的員工延長了他們的工作壽命。），可知A選項(xiàng)“使工作場(chǎng)所適應(yīng)年長工人的需要”和D選項(xiàng)“給年長的工人在工作時(shí)間上提供更多的便利”，是公司采取的措施，故排除A，D選項(xiàng)。根據(jù)文章第八段第二句話Otherfirmsarepolishingtheiralumninetworks.（其他公司也在完善他們的校友網(wǎng)絡(luò)），可知B選項(xiàng)“利用校友網(wǎng)絡(luò)來雇傭退休的前雇員”，也是公司采取的措施之一。只有C選項(xiàng)“鼓勵(lì)前雇員到海外工作”，在文中沒有提及。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是C選項(xiàng)。

3.推理判斷題。題干：“公司在工廠的人體工程學(xué)上花費(fèi)了‘大量時(shí)間’”，意味著_______。根據(jù)題干定位到文章第六段最后一句話Thecompanyspends“alotoftime”ontheergonomicsofitsfactories,makingjobstherelesstiring,whichenablesolderworkerstostayatthemforlonger.（該公司在工廠的人體工程學(xué)上花費(fèi)了“大量時(shí)間”，使那里的工作不那么累人，從而使年老的工人在那里呆的時(shí)間更長。），A選項(xiàng)“公司非常重視工廠的布局”，B選項(xiàng)“公司改善了工廠的工作條件”，C選項(xiàng)“公司試圖降低工廠的生產(chǎn)成本”，D選項(xiàng)“公司打算更新工廠和設(shè)備”，以上選項(xiàng)只有B選項(xiàng)才能是在人體工程學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)上使工作不那么累人。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是B選項(xiàng)。

4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：在作者看來，美國公司沒有采取任何措施來解決勞動(dòng)力老齡化問題，主要是因?yàn)開______。根據(jù)題干定位到文章最后一段第一句話Whyarefirmsnotworkinghardertokeepoldemployees?Partofthereasonisthatthecrunchhasbeenbeyondthehorizonofmostmanagers.Norishangingontoolderworkerstheonlywaytocopewithafallingsupplyoflabor.（為什么公司不努力留住老員工？部分原因是，問題已經(jīng)超出了大多數(shù)管理者的能力范圍。抓住老員工不放也不是應(yīng)對(duì)勞動(dòng)力供應(yīng)下降的唯一辦法。），所以D選項(xiàng)“他們會(huì)考慮其他選擇”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“他們還沒有意識(shí)到這個(gè)問題”，B選項(xiàng)“他們不愿意雇傭年長的工人”和C選項(xiàng)“他們不確定他們應(yīng)該做什么”，在文中均沒有提及。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是D選項(xiàng)。

5.推理判斷題。題干：下面哪一個(gè)最好地描述了作者的論證過程？文章第一段第一句話就引出話題，描述現(xiàn)狀Lastmonththefirstbaby-boomersturned60.（上個(gè)月，嬰兒潮一代迎來了60歲生日）。接下來第一、二、三段具體展開了帶來的問題。第四、五、六、七、八段都在說明公司采取的一些措施，第九，十段則是在說明公司對(duì)勞動(dòng)力老齡化問題不采取措施的原因，所以只有B選項(xiàng)符合文章的論述過程。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是B選項(xiàng)。

15.單選題

Theindividualmobility,convenience,andstatusgivenbytheprivatepassengercarofferaseeminglyunbeatableattraction.In1987,arecord126,000carsrolledoffassemblylineseachworkingday,andcloseto400millionvehicleschokeuptheworld’sstreetstoday.

Butthecar'susefulnesstotheindividualstandsinsharpcontrasttothecostsandburdensthatsocietymustshouldertoprovideanautomobile-centeredtransportationsystem.SincethedaysofHenryFord,societieshavemadeasteadystreamoflawstoprotectdriversfromeachotherandthemselves,aswellastoprotectthegeneralpublicfromtheunintendedeffectsofmassiveautomobileuse.Lawmakershavestruggledoverthecompetinggoalsofunlimitedmobilityandtheindividual’sfighttobefreeofthenoise,pollution,andphysicaldangersthattheautomobileoftenbrings.

Priortotheseventies,theauto’susefulnessandassuredroleinsocietywerehardlyquestioned.Evenworriesaboutuprisinggaspricesandfiiturefuelavailabilitysubsided（減退）intheeightiesalmostasquicklyastheyhademerged.Carsalesrecovered,drivingisup,andwealthycustomersareoncemoreshoppingforhighperformancecars.

Themotorvehicleindustry'sapparentsuccessindealingwiththechallengesoftheseventieshasobscuredtheharmfullong-termtrendsofautomobilecenteredtransportation.Risinggasolineconsumptionwillbeforelongputincreasedpressureonoilproductioncapacities.Inaddition,asmoreandmorepeoplecanaffordtheirowncarsandasmassmotorizationtakeshold,trafficjambecomesatoughproblem.Andmotorvehiclesareimportantcontributorstourbanairpollution,acidrain,andglobalwarming.

Society'sinterestinfuelsupplysecurity,theintegrityofitscities,andprotectionoftheenvironmentcallsforafundamentalrethinkingoftheautomobile’srole.Stricterfueleconomyandpollutionstandardsarethemostobviousandimmediatemeasuresthatcanbeadopted.Buttheycanonlybepartoftheanswer.Intheyearsahead,thechallengewillbetodevelopinnovative（革新的）transportationpolicies.

1.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothefirstparagraph?

2.Thephrase"rolledoffassemblylines"（Para.I,Lines2）means（）.

3.Thepassagestatesthatthereis（）.

4.Itisimpliedthattheauto'sassuredroleinsocietyis（）.

5.Stricterfueleconomyandpollutionstandardsare（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Acarprovidesitsownerwithasenseofsafety.

B.Agoodcarallowsitsownertotravelfree.

C.Agoodcarindicatesitsowner'shighsocialposition.

D.Acaraddstoitsowner'sattractiveness.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A."wereturnedoutfromfactories"

B."movedalongproductionlines"

C."movedalongthestreets"

D."werelinedupinthestreets"

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.asharpcontrastbetweenthecostandusefulnessofthecars

B.asharpcontrastbetweenthecostandperformanceofthecars

C.asharpconflictbetweencardriversandtrafficrules

D.asharpcontradictionbetweentheconvenienceofcarownersandtheburdensofsociety

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.threatenedbytherisinggasprices

B.challengedbyaseriesoffundamentalproblems

C.protectedbylaw

D.firmlyestablished

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.onlypartofthesolutiontomassiveautomobileuse

B.thebestwaytocopewiththemassiveuseofcars

C.innovativetransportationpolicies

D.futurepoliciesoftheautomobileindustry

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段第一句“Theindividualmobility,convenience,andstatusgivenbytheprivatepassengercarofferaseeminglyunbeatableattraction.私人轎車給個(gè)人所帶來的流動(dòng)性、便利性和地位，似乎具有無與倫比的吸引力。”由此可知，一輛好車能夠彰顯車主較高的社會(huì)地位。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

2.判斷推理題。rolloff指的是“從...復(fù)印出...”；assemblylines指的是“工廠組裝線”。車從工廠組裝線復(fù)印出，也就是說，車被一輛一輛的組裝生產(chǎn)出來，所以選項(xiàng)D為正確答案。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段首句“Butthecar'susefulnesstotheindividualstandsinsharpcontrasttothecostsandburdensthatsocietymustshouldertoprovideanautomobile-centeredtransportationsystem．但是汽車對(duì)個(gè)人的有用性與社會(huì)為提供一個(gè)以汽車為中心的交通系統(tǒng)所必須承擔(dān)的成本和負(fù)擔(dān)形成了鮮明的對(duì)比?！币簿褪瞧嚱o車主帶來的便利與給社會(huì)帶來的負(fù)擔(dān)之間的尖銳矛盾，所以選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第三段的首句“Priortotheseventies,theauto’susefulnessandassuredroleinsocietywerehardlyquestioned.在七十年代之前，汽車的實(shí)用性和它在社會(huì)中的作用幾乎沒有受到質(zhì)疑?！钡窃谧詈笠欢问拙?，作者提到“Society'sinterestinfuelsupplysecurity,theintegrityofitscities,andprotectionoftheenvironmentcallsforafundamentalrethinkingoftheautomobile’srole.社會(huì)對(duì)燃料供應(yīng)的安全性、城市完整性和對(duì)環(huán)境保護(hù)的關(guān)注，要求我們從根本上重新思考汽車的作用?！币簿褪钦f，曾經(jīng)汽車在社會(huì)中可靠的角色現(xiàn)在受到了一系列根本問題的挑戰(zhàn)，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)最后一段第二、三句“Stricterfueleconomyandpollutionstandardsarethemostobviousandimmediatemeasuresthatcanbeadopted.Buttheycanonlybepartoftheanswer.更嚴(yán)格的燃油經(jīng)濟(jì)性和污染標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是可以采取的最明顯和最直接的措施。但它們只是答案的一部分?！庇纱丝芍@只是大規(guī)模汽車使用的部分解決方案。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

16.單選題

ManyAmericansharboragrosslydistortedandexaggeratedviewofmostoftheriskssurroundingfood.FergusClydesdale,headofthedepartmentoffoodscienceandnutritionattheUniversityofMassachusetts-Amherst,saysbluntlythatifthedangersfrombacteriallycontaminatedchickenwereasgreatassomepeoplebelieve,“thestreetswouldbelitteredwithpeoplelyinghereandthere.”

Thoughthepublicincreasinglydemandsno-riskfood,thereisnosuchthing.BruceAmes,chairmanofthebiochemistrydepartmentattheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,pointsoutthatupto10%ofaplant’sweightismadeupofnaturalpesticides（殺蟲劑）.Sayshe:“Sinceplantsdonothavejawsorteethtoprotectthemselves,theyemploychemicalwarfare.”Andmanynaturallyproducedchemicals,thoughoccurringintinyamounts,proveinlaboratoryteststobestrongcarcinogens—asubstancewhichcancausecancer.Mushrooms（磨菇）mightbebannediftheywerejudgedbythesamestandardsthatapplytofoodadditives（添加劑）.DeclaresChristinaStark,anutritionistatCornellUniversity:“We’vegotfatworsenaturalchemicalsinthefoodsupplythananythingman-made.”

Yettheissuesarenotthatsimple.WhileAmericanshavenoreasontobeterrifiedtositdownatthedinnertable,theyhaveeveryreasontodemandsignificantimprovementsinfoodandwatersafety.Theyunconsciouslyandunwillinglytakeintoomuchoftooma