考研考博-英語(yǔ)-寧波衛(wèi)生職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-寧波衛(wèi)生職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

ThecareerIhavechosen（）opportunitiesyetitisfraughtwithheartbreak,despairandhardship.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.isladenwith

B.islackof

C.isburdenedwith

D.isinwantof

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。beladenwith“滿載，充滿”；belackof“缺乏”；beburdenedwith“使重負(fù)”；beinwantof“需要”。句意：我選擇的職業(yè)充滿機(jī)會(huì)，然而也充滿的心碎、絕望和艱辛。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

2.單選題

PresidentBarackObamahasbeenexcoriatedfordeclaringthat“wedon'thaveastrategyyet”foreffectivelyconfrontingtheIslamicStategroup.IncriticizingObamafortakingtoomuchtime,MikeRogers,theRepublicanchairmanoftheHouseIntelligenceCommittee,told“FoxNewsSunday”that“this‘don’t-do-stupid-stuff”policyisn’tworking.”Thatsoundedoddtomyear—likeweshouldjustbombsomebody,evenifitisstupid.IfObamadidthat,whatwouldhebeignoring?

First,experience.After9/11thatsortof“fire,ready,aim”approachledGeorgeW.BushtoorderagroundwarinIraqwithoutsufficienttroopstocontrolthecountry,withoutatruegraspofIraq’sShiite-Sunnisectariandynamicsandwithoutanyrealizationthat,indestroyingtheSunniTalibanregimeinAfghanistanandtheSunniBaathistregimeinIraq,weweredestroyingbothofIran’smortalenemiesandtherebyopeningthewayforavastexpansionofIran’sregionalinfluence.Wewereinahurry,myselfincluded,tochangethingsafter9/11,andwhenyou’reinahurryyouignorecomplexitiesthatcomebacktohauntyoulater.

TherearenowordstodescribethevilenessofthevideobeheadingsoftwoU.S.journalistsbytheIslamicState,butIhavenodoubtthatthey'remeanttogetustooverreact,ala9/11,andrushoffagainwithoutastrategy.TheIslamicStateisawful,butitisnotathreattoAmerica’shomeland.

Second,thecontext.TodefeattheIslamicState,youhavetoaddressthecontextoutofwhichitemerged.AndthatisthethreecivilwarsragingintheArabworldtoday:thecivilwarwithinSunniIslambetweenradicaljihadistsandmoderatemainstreamSunniMuslimsandregimes;thecivilwaracrosstheregionbetweenSunnisfundedbySaudiArabiaandShiitesfundedbyIran;andthecivilwarbetweenSunnijihadistsandallotherminoritiesintheregion:Yazidis,Turkmen,Kurds,Christians,JewsandAlawites.

Whenyouhavearegionbesetbythatmanycivilwarsatonce,itmeansthereisnocenter,onlysides.Andwhenyouinterveneinthemiddleofaregionwithnocenter,youveryquicklybecomeaside.

TheIslamicStateemergedasanextremeexpressionofresentmentbyoneside:IraqiandSyrianSunniswhofeltcutoutofpowerandresourcesbythepro-IranianShiiteregimeinBaghdadandthepro-IranianAlawite/ShiiteregimeinDamascus.ThatiswhyObamakeepsinsistingthattheUnitedStates’militaryinterventionmustbeaccompanied,forstarters,byIraqisproducinganationalunitygovernment―ofmainstreamShiites,SunnisandKurds--soouruseofforcesupportspluralismandpower-sharing,notjustShiitepower.

Butpower-sharingdoesn’tcomeeasyinaregionwherekinshipandsectarianloyaltiesoverwhelmanysenseofsharedcitizenship.Withoutit,though,thedominantphilosophyiseither:“Iamstrong,whyshouldIcompromise?”or“Iamweak,howcanIcompromise?”SoanyonslaughtwemakeontheIslamicState,absentnationalunitygovernments,willhaveShiitessayingtheformerandSunnissayingthelatter.That’swhythisiscomplicated.

1.Whichofthefollowingwordsissynonymoustothehighlightedword“excoriated”inthefirstlineofthepassage?

2.Accordingtothepassage,allofthefollowingstatementsareFALSEEXCEPT（）.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisFALSEaccordingtothepassage?

4.Whichofthefollowingisthemostappropriatetitleforthewholepassage?

5.Whatdoyouthinkoftheauthor’sattitudetowardsObama’spolicyontheIslamicStateaccordingtothepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.excruciated

B.approbated

C.exfoliated

D.reprobated

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.MikeRogersdoesn’tthinkthatitisstupidthatObamadidn’ttakeactionstobombtheIslamicState.

B.GeorgeW.Bush’sapproachtodestroytheSunniTalibanregimeinAfghanistanandtheSunniBaathistregimeinIraqhasactuallyhelpedIran.

C.TheIslamicStatebeheadedtwoAmericanJournalistshadthreatenedthesafetyofAmericanhomeland.

D.Whenaregionisbesetbymanycivilwarsatonce,thereiscenter,nosides.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.IfObamadiddestroytheIslamicState,hewouldignoreseveralissues.

B.ThevideobeheadingsoftwoU.S.journalistsbytheIslamicStatearejustmeanttothreatentheUnitedStates.

C.ObamainsiststhattheUnitedStates，militaryinterventioninIraqmustbeaccompaniedbyIraqisproducinganationalunitygovernment.

D.TheU.S.governmentneedstothinkoverbeforetakingactionsagainsttheIslamicState.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Obama’sPolicyontheIslamicState

B.ConflictsintheArabWorld

C.Fire,Ready,Aim.NotReady,Aim,Fire

D.Ready,Aim,Fire.NotFire,Ready,Aim

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.opposing

B.approving

C.neutral

D.indifferent

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.詞義理解題。根據(jù)文章第一句，“PresidentBarackObamahasbeenexcoriatedfordeclaringthat“wedon'thaveastrategyyet”foreffectivelyconfrontingtheIslamicStategroup.”，可知美國(guó)總統(tǒng)巴拉克?奧巴馬因宣稱尚未制定有效對(duì)抗伊斯蘭國(guó)組織的戰(zhàn)略而受到嚴(yán)厲批評(píng)。所以找出excoriate“批評(píng)，斥責(zé)”的同義詞，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段第二句，“After9/11thatsortof“fire,ready,aim”approachledGeorgeW.BushtoorderagroundwarinIraqwithoutsufficienttroopstocontrolthecountry,withoutatruegraspofIraq’sShiite-Sunnisectariandynamicsandwithoutanyrealizationthat,indestroyingtheSunniTalibanregimeinAfghanistanandtheSunniBaathistregimeinIraq,weweredestroyingbothofIran’smortalenemiesandtherebyopeningthewayforavastexpansionofIran’sregionalinfluence.”可知9.11后那種“開(kāi)炮、準(zhǔn)備、作戰(zhàn)”的方法使布什在伊拉克發(fā)動(dòng)地面戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的時(shí)候沒(méi)有足夠的軍事力量在控制這個(gè)國(guó)家，沒(méi)有真正了解伊拉克什葉派和遜尼派的宗派動(dòng)態(tài)，也沒(méi)有意識(shí)到摧毀了阿富汗的遜尼派塔利班政權(quán)和伊拉克的遜尼派復(fù)興黨政權(quán)，我們就可以摧毀伊朗的死敵，從而為伊朗地區(qū)影響力的大規(guī)模擴(kuò)張開(kāi)辟道路?？赏茢喑霾际泊輾О⒏缓惯d尼派塔利班政權(quán)和伊拉克遜尼派復(fù)興黨政權(quán)的做法，實(shí)際上幫助了伊朗。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段第一句，“TherearenowordstodescribethevilenessofthevideobeheadingsoftwoU.S.journalistsbytheIslamicState,butIhavenodoubtthatthey'remeanttogetustooverreact”，可知伊斯蘭國(guó)斬首兩名美國(guó)記者的視頻的惡劣程度無(wú)法用言語(yǔ)來(lái)形容，但我毫不懷疑，他們的目的只是讓我們反應(yīng)過(guò)度。所以目的不是為了威脅美國(guó)。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

4.主旨題。文章主要關(guān)于有效抗擊伊斯蘭國(guó)組織的策略問(wèn)題，主要講述了打擊伊斯蘭國(guó)的策略。9.11事件后策略上的不成熟導(dǎo)致美國(guó)陷入不利的處境，所以D選項(xiàng)的標(biāo)題是對(duì)策略的一個(gè)完整概括和總結(jié)，即準(zhǔn)備-定目標(biāo)-開(kāi)戰(zhàn)，而不是開(kāi)戰(zhàn)-準(zhǔn)備-定目標(biāo)。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.作者態(tài)度題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“Thatsoundedoddtomyear—likeweshouldjustbombsomebody,evenifitisstupid.IfObamadidthat,whatwouldhebeignoring?”，可知在我聽(tīng)來(lái)這很奇怪，就好像我們應(yīng)該直接轟炸某人，即使這很愚蠢。如果奧巴馬要摧毀伊斯蘭國(guó)，他會(huì)忽略哪些問(wèn)題呢?，可推斷出作者對(duì)于奧巴馬摧毀伊斯蘭國(guó)的政策持贊同態(tài)度。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.單選題

Allspecialistsagreethatthemostimportantconsiderationwithdietdrugsiscarefully（

）therisksandbenefits.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.valuing

B.evaluating

C.estimating

D.weighing

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。value“評(píng)價(jià)；重視；估價(jià)”；evaluate“評(píng)估；估價(jià)”；estimate“估計(jì)：判斷”；weigh“權(quán)衡；考慮”。句意：所有專家一致認(rèn)為最重要的事是權(quán)衡減肥藥的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和好處。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.翻譯題

WhenConAgraFoodscametoChinafiveyearsago,thecompanyhadhighhopesandbigworries.Previously,thecompanyenteredtheJapanesemarketandrepeatedlyranintoobstacleslikecommunicationbreakdowns,culturalmisstepsandmisseddeadlines.

Whilethosewrinkleswereeventuallystraightenedout，ConAgraknewitcouldnotaffordtomakethesamemistakeinChina.Intentonfindingaguidewhocouldshortentheculturaldistance,JulieWilliams,whowasthenthecompany’shumanresourcesmanagerresponsibleforinternationalorganization,hiredCarlaKearns,founderofTLI-TheMandarinSchool,basedinToronto,toprovideitsexecutiveswithinterculturalbusinesstraining.Ms.KearnsteachescompaniestounderstandthefundamentalvaluesthatWesternandChineseculturesseedifferentlyandthatifignoredcanwreakhavocontheirbottomline.Theyincludeconceptsoftime,hierarchy,individualism,personalrelationshipsandsavingface.WesternexecutivesflyingintoChinaforaweekofback-to-backmeetingsbutgettingnowherewiththeirChinesebusinesspartners?Theymaybeinvestingmoneyinthetrip,butnotsomethingjustasvital:time.RushedschedulesleavenotimeforskillfulnegotiationandcanoffendChinese,whowanttobuildtrustanddeveloprelationships,orguanxi,oftenbysocializingoverdinnersanddrinks.AnotherpitfalliswhenWesternerslayalltheproblemsonthetable,whileChinesewillonlyaddresstwoatanygivenmeetingbecausecriticismorblamewillmakethemlookbadinfrontoftheirpeers.WesternexecutivesassumingtheirbusinesspracticesaresuccessfuliftheirChineseemployeesdon’tobject?Thinkagain.Chinesearetaughttoobeyauthorityandareoftenloathtodisagreewiththeirbosses.

Ms.Kearnschargescorporationsabout$5,000foradayoftrainingfor5to100peopleandspeakstobothWesternersandChinese,focusingonthe“coregutreactions”eachaudiencehaswhenfacingculturalobstaclesattheoffice.

Parttherapist,motivationalspeakerandmanagementconsultant,Ms.Kearns,whohasworkedacrossEastAsia,beginsbytellingclientslikeConAgratoleavetheirWesternassumptionsathome.

“I’mabletoexplaintheseculturalissuestoWesternersbecauseI’vebeenthroughthatfrustration,too,”shesaid.“SomanytimesIseeWesternersgotoChinaandseesomethingdifferentthanwhathappensinNorthAmerica,anditbecomesthisjudgmentandcondemnation.”

【答案】當(dāng)最終克服這些困難后，康尼格拉公司深知決不能在中國(guó)重蹈覆轍?？ǘ魉菇虒?dǎo)企業(yè)要理解中西文化對(duì)基本價(jià)值的不同看法，忽視這些會(huì)帶來(lái)不良后果。

西方的管理人員飛到中國(guó)，一周內(nèi)開(kāi)會(huì)不斷，但和中國(guó)商業(yè)伙伴卻無(wú)任何進(jìn)展？他們可以為旅行投資，而沒(méi)有為同樣重要的東西——時(shí)間投資。

另一個(gè)易犯錯(cuò)誤是西方人把全部問(wèn)題擺到桌面上，而中國(guó)人在特定會(huì)議上只愿意討論少數(shù)幾個(gè)問(wèn)題，因?yàn)榕u(píng)和責(zé)備會(huì)使他們?cè)谕忻媲皩擂巍?/p>

近年來(lái)外國(guó)公司大量涌入中國(guó)，催生了不少新興的文化交流和創(chuàng)新咨詢機(jī)構(gòu)，它們受雇對(duì)西方人和中國(guó)人就外語(yǔ)、管理風(fēng)格和企業(yè)文化進(jìn)行培訓(xùn)。稱職的文化培訓(xùn)者首先會(huì)談到中國(guó)多數(shù)職場(chǎng)新手了解的禮儀，如交換名片要用雙手，宴請(qǐng)時(shí)座次恰當(dāng)，這些可能有助于進(jìn)入會(huì)議室，但要成交且看到利潤(rùn)顯然還需要細(xì)膩的方法。

她說(shuō)：“因?yàn)槲以?jīng)也經(jīng)歷過(guò)這種挫敗，所以我能向西方人解釋這些文化差距導(dǎo)致的問(wèn)題?！?/p>

5.單選題

Scientistshopethecollisionwillproducealargecraterinthecomet’ssurfaceinordertorevealthecoreandgivesome______totheoriginofthesolarsystem.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.sources

B.interpretations

C.clues

D.observations

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)source“來(lái)源，水源，原始資料”，B項(xiàng)interpretation“解釋，翻譯，演出”，C項(xiàng)clue“線索，（故事等的）情節(jié)”，D項(xiàng)observation“觀察，監(jiān)視，觀察報(bào)告”。根據(jù)givesome______totheoriginofthesolarsystem“為太陽(yáng)系的起源提供一些……”可知，“線索”符合語(yǔ)境。句意：科學(xué)家們希望這次碰撞將在彗星表面產(chǎn)生一個(gè)巨大的隕石坑，以便揭示其核心，并為太陽(yáng)系的起源提供一些線索。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Thephrase“progressiveeducation”isone,ifnotprotest,atleastofcontrast,ofcontrastwithaneducationwhichwaspredominantlystaticinsubject-matter,authoritarianinmethods,andmainlypassiveandreceptivefromthesideoftheyoung.Butthephilosophyofeducationmustgobeyondanyideaofeducationthatisformedbywayofcontrast,reactionandprotest,foritisanattempttodiscoverwhateducationisandhowittakesplace.Onlywhenweidentifyeducationwithschoolingdoesitseemtobeasimplethingtotellwhateducationactuallyis,andyetaclearideaofwhatitisgivesusouronlycriterionforjudginganddirectingwhatgoesoninschools.

Itissometimessupposedthatitisthebusinessofthephilosophyofeducationtotellwhateducationshouldbe.Buttheonlywayofdecidingwhateducationshouldbe,atleast,theonlywaywhichdoesnotleadusintotheclouds,isdiscoveryofwhateducationtakesplacewheneducationreallyoccurs.Andbeforewecanformulateaphilosophyofeducationwemustknowhumannatureisconstitutedintheconcrete;wemustknowabouttheworkingofactualsocialforces;wemustknowabouttheoperationsthroughwhichbasicrawmaterialsaremodifiedintosomethingofgreatervalue.Theneedforaphilosophyofeducationisthusfundamentallytheneedforfindingoutwhateducationreallyis.Wehavetotakethosecasesinwhichwefindthereisarealdevelopmentofdesirablepowers,andthenfindouthowthisdevelopmenttookplace.Thenwecanprojectwhathastakenplaceintheseinstancesasaguidefordirectingourotherefforts.Theneedforthisdiscoveryandthisprojectionistheneedforaphilosophyofeducation.

Whattheniseducationwhenwefindactualsatisfactoryspecimensofitinexistence?Inthefirstplace,itisaprocessofdevelopment,ofgrowth.Anditistheprocessandnotmerelytheresultthatisimportant.Atrulyhealthypersonisnotsomethingfixedandcompleted.Heisapersonwhoseprocessesandactivitiesgooninsuchawaythathewillcontinuetobehealthy.Similarly,aneducatedpersonisthepersonwhohasthepowertogoonandgetmoreeducation.

Inanycase,developmentandgrowthinvolvechange,modification,andmodificationindefinitedirections.Itisquitepossibleforateacher,underthesupposedsanctionoftheideaofcultivatingindividuality,tofixateapupilmoreorlessathisexistinglevel.Respectforindividualityisprimarilyintellectual.Itsignifiesstudyingtheindividualtoseewhatistheretoworkwith.Havingthissympatheticunderstanding,thepracticalworkthenbegins,forthepracticalworkisoneofmodification,ofchanging,ofreconstructioncontinuedwithoutend.Thechangemustatleastbetowardsmoreeffectivetechniques,towardsgreaterself-reliance,towardsamorethoughtfulandinquiringdisposition,onemorecapableofpersistenteffortinmeetingobstacles.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,thephilosophyofeducation（

）.

2.Thephilosophyofeducationissupposedto（

）.

3.Thechieftaskofthephilosophyofeducationisto（

）.

4.Thesignificanceofdesirableeducationlies（

）.

5.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?（

），

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.isthesameastheconceptionofprogressiveeducation

B.studiestheessenceofeducationandthewayitoccurs

C.conformstoanyideaofeducationthatisconservativeandauthoritarian

D.dealswiththejudgmentanddirectionofschoolmanagement

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.resultfromrealunderstandingofoccurrencesinactualschooling

B.betheonlywayleadingtoobscureunderstandingofeducation

C.havetakenplacewheneducationfirstcameintoexistence

D.bethebasisonwhichdecisionsonpracticaleducationareformulated

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.analyzetheconstitutionofhumannatureingreatdetail

B.clarifythepracticaleffectsofsocialforcesoneducation

C.presenthowrawmaterialsaremadeintovaluablegoods

D.findoutthewaysofhowtobringoutthebesthumanfaculties

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.moreinitsoperationthaninitsmodification

B.lessinitsmodificationthaninitsoperation

C.notonlyinitsresultbutalsoinitsprocess

D.ratherinitsprocessthaninitsresult

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Thesupposedapprovaloftheideaofcultivatingindividualityisreasonable.

B.Modificationreferstomakingapupildevelopinafixeddirection.

C.Torespectindividualitymeanstodiscoverwhetheranindividualisworthmodifying.

D.Trueeducationshouldbebasedoncultivatingastudentaccordingtohis/hernaturaltalent.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.文章第一段第二句在解釋什么是“教育原理”時(shí)提到“itisanattempttodiscoverwhateducationisandhowittakesplace”，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.文章第二段第二句后半句“isdiscoveryofwhateducationtakesplacewheneducationreallyoccurs”，提到了如何定義教育。將四個(gè)選項(xiàng)與之匹配，可知選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.文章第二段提到Andbeforewecanformulateaphilosophyofeducationwemustknowhumannatureisconstitutedintheconcrete;wemustknowabouttheworkingofactualsocialforces;wemustknowabouttheoperationsthroughwhichbasicrawmaterialsaremodifiedintosomethingofgreatervalue.（在制定一個(gè)教育原理之前，我們需要知道人的本質(zhì)是如何構(gòu)成的，我們必須知道實(shí)際的社會(huì)力量的作用，我們必須知道如何將基礎(chǔ)原材料通過(guò)加工改造成更有價(jià)值的東西。）第三段最后一句話Similarly,andeducatedpersonisthepersonwhohasthepowertogoonandgetmoreeducation(一個(gè)受教育的人要有能力讓更多人受教育)。從這里可知，教育的主要目的是培養(yǎng)人的能力。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.文章第三段第二句和第三句原文“Inthefirstplace,itisaprocessofdevelopment,ofgrowth.Anditistheprocessandnotmerelytheresultthatisimportant”，選項(xiàng)C與之相符，符合題意。

5.文章最后一段提及到要“respectforindividualityisprimarilyintellectual”(尊重個(gè)性是最基本的、明智的)。所以可以推論出作者在強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體，強(qiáng)調(diào)因材施教。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

7.單選題

InpartsoftheArctic,thelandgradesintothelandfasticeso（

）thatyoucanwalkoffthecoastandnotknowyouareoverthehiddensea.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.permanently

B.imperceptibly

C.irregular

D.precariously

【答案】B

【解析】副詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)permanently“永久地，長(zhǎng)期不變地”；B選項(xiàng)imperceptibly“極細(xì)微地，察覺(jué)不到地”；C選項(xiàng)irregularly“不規(guī)則地，不整齊地”；D選項(xiàng)precariously“不安全地，不牢靠地”。根據(jù)句意‘在北極的部分地區(qū)，陸地逐漸變成固定冰，這一點(diǎn)難以覺(jué)察。你可以遠(yuǎn)離海岸，卻不知道自己在隱秘的海洋之上?！疊選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Toparaphrase18lh-centurystatesmanEdmundBurke,“allthatisneededforthetriumphofamisguidedcauseisthatgoodpeopledonothing.”O(jiān)nesuchcausenowseekstoendbiomedicalresearchbecauseofthetheorythatanimalshaverightsrulingouttheiruseinresearch.Scientistsneedtorespondforcefullytoanimalrightsadvocates,whoseargumentsareconfusingthepublicandtherebythreateningadvancesinhealthknowledgeandcare.Leadersoftheanimalrightsmovementlargerbiomedicalresearchbecauseifdependsonpublicfunding,andfewpeopleunderstandtheprocessofhealthcareresearch.Hearingallegationsofcrueltytoanimalsinresearchsettings,manyareperplexedthatanyonewoulddeliberatelyharmananimal.

Forexample,agrandmotherlywomanstaffingananimalrightsboothatarecentstreetfairwasdistributingabrochurethatencouragedreadersnottouseanythingthatconiesfromoristestedinanimals-nomeat,nofur,nomedicines.Askedifsheopposedimmunizations,shewantedtoknowifvaccinescomefromanimalresearch.Whenassuredthattheydo,shereplied,"ThenIwouldhavetosayyes.”Askedwhatwillhappenwhenepidemicsreturn,shesaid,“Don’tworry,scientistswillfindsomewayofusingcomputers.”Suchwell-meaningpeoplejustdon'tunderstand.

Scientistsmustcommunicatetheirmessagetothepublicinacompassionate,understandableway—inhumanterms，notinthelanguagesofmolecularbiology.Weneedtomakecleartheconnectionbetweenanimalresearchandagrandmother'shipreplacement,afather’sbypassoperation,ababy’svaccinations,andevenapet’sshots.Tothosewhoareunawarethatanimalresearchwasneededtoproducethesetreatments,aswellasnewtreatmentsandvaccines,animalresearchseemswastefulatbestandcruelatworst.

Muchcanbedone.Scientistscould“adopt”middleschoolclassesandpresenttheirownresearch.Theyshouldbequicktorespondtoletterstotheeditor,lestanimalrightsmisinformationgounchallengedandacquireadeceptiveappearanceoftruth.Researchinstitutionscouldbeopenedtotours,toshowthatlaboratoryanimalsreceivehumanecare.Finally,becausetheultimatestakeholdersarepatients,thehealthresearchcommunityshouldactivelyrecruittoitscausenotonlywell-knownpersonalitiessuchasStephenCooper,whohasmadecourageousstatementsaboutthevalueofanimalresearch,butallwhoreceivemedicaltreatment.Ifgoodpeopledonothingthereisarealpossibilitythatanuninformedcitizenrywillextinguishthepreciousembersofmedicalprogress.

1.TheauthorbeginshisarticlewithEdmundBurke’swordsto（）.

2.Misledpeopletendtothinkthatusingananimalinresearchis（）.

3.Theexampleofthegrandmotherlywomanisusedtoshowthepublic’s（）.

4.Theauthorbelievesthat,infaceofthechallengefromanimalrightsadvocates,scientistsshould（）.

5.FromthetextwelearnthatStephenCooperis（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.callonscientiststotakesomeactions.

B.criticizethemisguidedcauseofanimalrights

C.warnofthedoomofbiomedicalresearch.

D.showthetriumphoftheanimalrightsmovement.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.cruelbutnatural.

B.inhumanandunacceptable

C.inevitablebutvicious

D.pointlessandwasteful.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.discontentwithanimalresearch.

B.ignoranceaboutmedicalscience.

C.indifferencetoepidemics.

D.anxietyaboutanimalrights.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.communicatemorewiththepublic.

B.employhi-techmeansinresearch.

C.feelnoshamefortheircause.

D.strivetodevelopnewcures.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.awell-knownhumanist.

B.amedicalpractitioner.

C.anenthusiastinanimalrights.

D.asupporterofanimalresearch.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.意圖題。由第一段的allthatisneededforthetriumphofamisguidedcauseisthatgoodpeopledonothing.Onesuchcausenowseekstoendbiomedicalresearchbecauseofthetheorythatanimalshaverightsrulingouttheiruseinresearch.Scientistsneedtorespondforcefullytoanimalrightsadvocates一個(gè)被誤導(dǎo)的事業(yè)要想取得勝利，唯一需要做的就是好人什么也不做。一個(gè)這樣的事業(yè)現(xiàn)在正尋求結(jié)束生物醫(yī)學(xué)研究，因?yàn)閯?dòng)物有權(quán)利排除在研究中使用它們的理論。科學(xué)家需要對(duì)動(dòng)物權(quán)利倡導(dǎo)者做出強(qiáng)有力的回應(yīng)?？芍@段話是實(shí)際上表達(dá)的是一種呼吁，故A項(xiàng)正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第一段末句“Hearingallegationsofcrueltytoanimalsinresearchsettings,manyareperplexedthatanyonewoulddeliberatelyharmananimal.聽(tīng)到在研究環(huán)境中虐待動(dòng)物的指控，許多人感到困惑，為什么有人會(huì)故意傷害動(dòng)物?！焙偷谌巍癟othosewhoareunawarethatanimalresearchwasneededtoproducethesetreatments,aswellasnewtreatmentsandvaccines,animalresearchseemswastefulatbestandcruelatworst.對(duì)那些不知道需要?jiǎng)游镅芯縼?lái)生產(chǎn)這些療法以及新療法和疫苗的人來(lái)說(shuō)，動(dòng)物研究往好了說(shuō)是浪費(fèi)，往壞了說(shuō)是殘忍?？芍藗冋J(rèn)為用動(dòng)物做研究是殘忍的，是無(wú)法接受的。故B項(xiàng)正確。

3.判斷推理題。agrandmotherlywomanstaffingananimalrightsboothatarecentstreetfairwasdistributingabrochurethatencouragedreadersnottouseanythingthatconiesfromoristestedinanimals-nomeat,nofur,nomedicines...shesaid,“Don’tworry,scientistswillfindsomewayofusingcomputers.”在最近的一次集市上，一位站在動(dòng)物權(quán)利攤位上的老奶奶正在散發(fā)小冊(cè)子，鼓勵(lì)讀者不要使用任何動(dòng)物制品或動(dòng)物試驗(yàn)制品——肉類、毛皮、藥物。當(dāng)被問(wèn)及是否反對(duì)免疫接種時(shí)，她想知道疫苗是否來(lái)自動(dòng)物研究。她回答說(shuō):“當(dāng)我確定他們會(huì)的時(shí)候，我就不得不說(shuō)是?！碑?dāng)被問(wèn)及流行病卷土重來(lái)時(shí)會(huì)發(fā)生什么時(shí)，她說(shuō):“不用擔(dān)心，科學(xué)家們會(huì)找到使用電腦的方法。”以及最后一句suchwell-meaningpeoplejustdon’tunderstand.這樣好心的人就是不明白。據(jù)此可知作者用老奶奶的例子來(lái)表明公眾對(duì)醫(yī)學(xué)研究的無(wú)知。故B項(xiàng)正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第三段Scientistsmustcommunicatetheirmessagetothepublicinacompassionate，understandableway—inhumanterms，notinthelanguagesofmolecularbiology.科學(xué)家必須以一種富有同情心的、可理解的方式向公眾傳達(dá)他們的信息——以人類的方式，而不是用分子生物學(xué)的語(yǔ)言?？芍茖W(xué)家應(yīng)該更好地以一種公眾能理解的方式與其溝通。故A項(xiàng)正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。Finally,becausetheultimatestakeholdersarepatients,thehealthresearchcommunityshouldactivelyrecruittoitscausenotonlywell-knownpersonalitiessuchasStephenCooper,whohasmadecourageousstatementsaboutthevalueofanimalresearch,butallwhoreceivemedicaltreatment.最后，由于最終的利益相關(guān)者是患者，衛(wèi)生研究界不僅應(yīng)該積極爭(zhēng)取斯蒂芬?庫(kù)珀(StephenCooper)等知名人士的支持，而且應(yīng)該爭(zhēng)取所有接受治療的人的支持。庫(kù)珀曾就動(dòng)物研究的價(jià)值發(fā)表過(guò)勇敢的言論。據(jù)此可知庫(kù)珀是個(gè)名人，也是動(dòng)物研究的支持者。故D項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

ToreturnGermanpropertytoGermanyiscertainlyjustand____.However,toclaimthatthepaintingsofRembrandandVermeerarepartofGermany’sculturalheritageoverstatesthematter.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.decent

B.exhilarating

C.eruptive

D.combative

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.decent體面的；正派的B.exhilarating令人高興或興奮的

C.eruptive爆發(fā)的D.combative好戰(zhàn)的

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】修飾語(yǔ)與被修飾語(yǔ)的搭配

【解題思路】空格處所填的形容詞修飾的是“把德國(guó)的財(cái)產(chǎn)還給德國(guó)”這件事，能修飾這件事的是B選項(xiàng)exhilarating“令人高興或興奮的”。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)decent指人正直的、正派的，或人的行為舉止得體的、體面的，或某物像樣的、體面的，與被修飾語(yǔ)搭配不當(dāng)；

C選項(xiàng)eruptive“爆發(fā)的”，與被修飾語(yǔ)搭配不當(dāng)；

D選項(xiàng)combative“好戰(zhàn)的”，與被修飾語(yǔ)搭配不當(dāng)。

【句意】把德國(guó)的財(cái)產(chǎn)歸還德國(guó)當(dāng)然是公正的、令人高興的。然而，聲稱倫勃朗（Rembrand）和維米爾（Vermeer）的畫(huà)作是德國(guó)文化遺產(chǎn)的一部分，就言過(guò)其實(shí)了。

10.單選題

Willyouplease（）everythingisreadyforthepartytobeheldnextSunday?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.seeitthat

B.seetoit

C.seeingthat

D.seetoitthat

【答案】D

【解析】考查短語(yǔ)辨析。A選項(xiàng)seeitthat沒(méi)有這種搭配；B選項(xiàng)seetoit“留意必定做”；C選項(xiàng)seeingthat“由于，因?yàn)椤?；D選項(xiàng)seetoitthat“務(wù)必，保證”。根據(jù)句意“請(qǐng)你務(wù)必為下星期天舉行的晚會(huì)做好一切準(zhǔn)備，好嗎?”選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

11.單選題

AtBuffaloCreek,WestVirginia,amakeshiftdamatacoalminesitecollapsedwithalossofmorethan100lives.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.fragile

B.massive

C.crude

D.temporary

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.fragile易碎的，易損的B.massive巨大的，大而重的

C.crude粗略的，簡(jiǎn)略的D.temporary暫時(shí)的，臨時(shí)的

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】makeshift的意思為“臨時(shí)替代的，權(quán)宜的”，用來(lái)形容dam，指的是煤礦工地的臨時(shí)大壩，temporary與之詞義相近，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C選項(xiàng)詞義與之不符。

【句意】在西弗吉尼亞州的布法羅溪，某個(gè)煤礦工地的臨時(shí)大壩倒塌，造成100多人死亡。

12.單選題

Withitscommoninterestinlaw-breakingbutitsimmenserangeofsubject-matterandwidely-varyingmethodsoftreatment,thecrimenovelcouldmakealegitimateclaimtoberegardedasaseparatebranchofliterature,or,atleast,asadistinct,eventhoughaslightlydisreputable,offshootofthetraditionalnovel.

Thedetectivestoryisprobablythemostrespectable(atanyrateinthenarrowsenseoftheword)ofthecrimespecies.Itscreationisoftentherelaxationofuniversityscholars,literaryeconomists,scientistsorevenpoets.Disastrousdeathsmayoccurmorefrequentlyandmysteriouslythanmightbeexpectedinpolitesociety,buttheworldinwhichtheyhappen,thevillage,seasideresort,collegeorstudio,isfamiliartous,ifnotfromourownexperience,atleastinthenewspaperorthelivesoffriends.Thecharacters,thoughnormallyrealizedsuperficially,areasrecognizablyhumanandconsistentasourlessintimateacquaintances.AstorysetinamoreremoteAfricanjungleorAustralianbush,ancientChinaorgas-litLondon;appealstoourinterestingeographyorhistory,andmostdetectivestorywritersareconscientiousinprovidingareasonablytruebackground.Theelaborate,carefully-assembledplot,despisedbythemodernintellectualcriticsandcreatorsof"significant"novels,hasfoundrefugeinthemurdermystery,withitssprinklingofclues,itsspicingwithapparentimpossibilities,allwithappropriatesolutionsandexplanationsattheend.Withtheguiltofescapismfromreallifenagginggently,wesecretlytakedelightintheunmaskingofevilbyavaguelysuper-humandetective,whoseesthroughanddispelsthecloudofsuspicionwhichhashoveredsounjustlyovertheinnocent.

Thoughitsvillainalsoreceiveshisrightfuldeserts,thethrillerpresentsalesscomfortableandcredibleworld.Thesequenceoffistfights,revolverduels,carcrashesandescapesfromgas-filledcellarsexhauststhereaderfarmorethanthehero,who,sufferingfromatleasttwobrokenribs,oneblackeye,uncountablebruisesandahangover,canstillchaseandoverpoweranarmedvillainwiththephysiqueofawrestler,Hemovesdangerouslythroughaworldofruthlessgangs,brutality,aviciouslustforpowerandmoneyand,incontrasttothedetectivetale,withanear-omniscientarch-criminalwhosedefeatseemsalmostaccidental.Perhapswemissinthethrillerthesecurityofbeingsafelyledbyourimperturbableinvestigatorpastascoreofredherringsandblindavenuestoafinalgatheringofsuspectswhenanunchallengeableelucidationofallthathasbewilderedusisgivenandjusticeandgoodnessprevail.Allthatwevainlyhopeforfromlifeisgrantedvicariously.

1.Thecrimenovelisregardedbytheauthoras（

）.

2.Thecreationofdetectivestorieshasitsoriginin

（

）.

3.Thecharactersofthedetectivestoriesare,generallyspeaking,

（

）.

4.Thesettingofthedetectivestoriesissometimesinamoreremoteplacebecause（

）.

5.Thewriterofthispassagethinks（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.anotrespectableformofthetraditionalnovel

B.notatruenovelatall

C.relatedinsomewaystothehisto