考研考博-英語-安徽交通職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-安徽交通職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Patrickhasneverlearnedaforeignlanguage,______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.nordoeshethinkhehasto

B.neitherhethinkshehasto

C.hethinkshehasnotto,either

D.hedoesn’tthinkhehasto

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.nordoeshethinkhehasto他也不認(rèn)為他有必要B.neitherhethinkshehasto他也不認(rèn)為他有必要

C.hethinkshehasnotto,either他認(rèn)為他也沒必要D.hedoesn’tthinkhehasto他認(rèn)為他沒必要

【考查點(diǎn)】表否定的用法。

【解題思路】由never可知，空格前半句表示否定的含義，所以如果后半部分表示“……也一樣”應(yīng)該用nor（也不是……）；且nor也是否定詞，放在句首要部分倒裝，故把情態(tài)動詞或者助動詞提前，A項(xiàng)符合。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)neither表示“兩者中沒有一個(gè)”，不符合句意，排除；

C選項(xiàng)either一般用于肯定句中；

D選項(xiàng)沒有連接詞and，不能與前面的主句構(gòu)成一個(gè)句子。

【句意】帕特里克從來沒有學(xué)過一門外語，他也不認(rèn)為他必須學(xué)。

2.翻譯題

1.Whenyouestablishasuccinct,easy-to-remembertheme,youletpeopleknowthatyouhaveawell-definedandthought-outpointofview.

2.Themostcomplicatedproblemsindealingwiththeculturalenvironmentcomefromthe

factthatonecannotlearnculture-onehastoliveit.

3.ThemomentIfindmyselfturningawayfromajob,orputtingitunderapileofthingI

havetodo,Iclearmydeskofeverythingelseandattacktheobjectionableitemfirst.

4.Butjustinthelastfewyearsithasbecomealmostunbelievablycomplex,filledwithstrangepartswhosefunctionsarebeyondtoday'simagining.

【答案】1.當(dāng)你建立一個(gè)簡潔、容易記住的主題時(shí)，你讓人們知道你有一個(gè)明確的且深思熟慮的觀點(diǎn)。

2.在處理文化環(huán)境中最復(fù)雜的問題來自這樣一個(gè)事實(shí)即一個(gè)人不能學(xué)習(xí)那種文化卻又不得不生活在那樣的環(huán)境里。

3.我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己轉(zhuǎn)身撂下一份工作，或放在一堆要做的事情之后，我把桌上的一切清理干凈，然后著手攻克一個(gè)有異議的項(xiàng)目。

4.但就在最近幾年，它變得幾乎難以置信的復(fù)雜，充滿了奇怪的部分，其功能也超出了今日的想象力。

3.單選題

Inthe19thcenturyitwascommontohearpeopleinEuropeandAmericasaythattheresourcesoftheseawereunlimited.Forexample,a（1）biologistwritinginthemid1800scommentedthatallofthegreatseafisheriesare（2）.Todaythere'sevidencethattheresourcesoftheseaareasseriouslythreatenedas（3）ofthelandandtheairandtheconcernofconservationistsnowincludesherringandcod（4）theAfricanelephant,theIndiantigerandtheAmericaneagle.（5）,thethreattofishismorealarminginsomewaysthanthethreattobirdsandlandanimalsbecausefishareamuch-neededfoodresource.Manypeoplethroughouttheworlddependonfishasanimportantpartoftheirdietsanda（6）inthefishsupplycouldhave（7）effects（8）hungerandpopulation.FishermenintheN.Atlanticaloneannually（9）20billionpoundsoffish（10）fooddemands.Butitisimportanttorecognizethatthesepracticescannotcontinuewithoutdepletingfishresourceswithinthenextfewyears.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.noteworthy

B.noted

C.noticeable

D.notifying

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.inexhaustible

B.inexhausted

C.exhaustible

D.exhausted

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.that

B.it

C.which

D.those

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.butalso

B.and

C.aswellas

D.with

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Furthermore

B.Nevertheless

C.More

D.However

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.increase

B.decline

C.decree

D.increment

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.expositive

B.expansive

C.extensive

D.excessive

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.to

B.on

C.for

D.in

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.harvest

B.buy

C.ask

D.raise

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.toinsure

B.tosatisfy

C.toignore

D.tocomplete

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:A

第6題:B

第7題:C

第8題:B

第9題:A

第10題:B

【解析】（1）形近詞辨析。noteworthy顯著的；noted著名的；noticeable顯而易見的,明顯的；notifying為名詞,意為通知。根據(jù)原文可知,這里修飾人,只有選項(xiàng)B正確。

（2）inexhaustible無窮無盡的；inexhausted未用盡的；exhaustible用盡的；exhausted耗盡的。上文提到海洋的資源是無盡的,這里是舉例說明,所以選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

（3）根據(jù)原文句意可知,此處缺少land的賓語。those指代上句提到的resources。這里是把海洋,陸地和空中的資源進(jìn)行對比。所以選項(xiàng)D符合語境。

（4）herring,cod和后面的Africanelephant等屬于并列關(guān)系,所以選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

（5）上一句提到了“threat”,這一句依然講的是“threat”,所以這里是遞進(jìn)關(guān)系,選項(xiàng)A符合語境。

（6）根據(jù)定冠詞a可首先排除選項(xiàng)A和D；根據(jù)句意可知是供應(yīng)減少,所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

（7）extensiveeffects為常用的搭配,意為廣泛的影響,所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

（8）對...產(chǎn)生影響用介詞on,所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

（9）根據(jù)句意可知,這里指收獲200億磅的魚,選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

（10）satisfydemands為常用搭配,意為“滿足需求”。選項(xiàng)B正確。

4.單選題

Andyet,despitethesepowerful_______togrowth,therecessionprovedsurprisinglymild.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.counterforce

B.stimulants

C.concomitants

D.manipulation

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)counterforce“反作用力”；B選項(xiàng)stimulants“興奮劑”；C選項(xiàng)concomitants“相伴的事物”；D選項(xiàng)manipulation“操縱；處理”。句意：然而，盡管這些強(qiáng)大的_______在增長，但經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退卻出乎意料地輕微。根據(jù)語境，counterforce“反作用力”搭配growth“增長”比較合理，也符合題意反作用力和經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退輕微的反差。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Onlyapersonwithapairofkeeneyescouldpickoutthose（）paintingsfromtheseunwantedmaterials.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.valueless

B.worthless

C.priceless

D.featureless

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。valueless微不足道的;worthless一文不值的;priceless無價(jià)的,貴重的;featureless無特色的。句意：只有一雙敏銳的眼睛才能從這些多余的材料中找出那些無價(jià)的畫。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

6.填空題

Astheintelligenceofrobotsincreasestomatchhumansandastheircostdeclinesthrougheconomiesofscalewemayusethemtoexpandourfrontiers,firstonearththroughtheirabilitytowithstand

environments,harmfultoourselves.

A

B

C

D

【答案】Ahumans改為thatofhumans

【解析】【考查點(diǎn)】代詞指代。

【解題思路】根據(jù)語境，A部分指的是機(jī)器智能和人工智能相當(dāng)，theintelligenceofrobots和A部分意思對應(yīng)，結(jié)構(gòu)也應(yīng)對應(yīng)，用that指代theintelligence，因此A部分應(yīng)為thatofhumans。

【句意】隨著機(jī)器人的智能達(dá)到與人類相當(dāng)?shù)乃?，以及它們的成本通過規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)降低，我們可以利用它們來拓展我們的疆域，首先是在地球上，借用它們抵御對我們有害的環(huán)境的能力。

7.單選題

Waterentersintoagreatvarietyofchemicalreactions,（

）havebeenmentionedin

previouspages.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.afewofit

B.afewofthat

C.afewofthem

D.afewofwhich

【答案】D

【解析】考查定語從句的用法。此處為非限制性定語從句，先行詞是chemicalreactions,所以應(yīng)該用which引導(dǎo)。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

8.單選題

Wetriedtonegotiatebuttheywereadamant.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.disagreeable

B.confident

C.hostile

D.unyielding

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.disagreeable不愉快的，厭惡的，脾氣壞的B.confident自信的，確定的

C.hostile敵對的，敵意的D.unyielding不屈的，堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的，堅(jiān)定的

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】由but可知，前后句意為轉(zhuǎn)折，前面提到“我們試圖談判”，所以推斷adamant表示“態(tài)度堅(jiān)決”。因此，D選項(xiàng)詞義與劃線部分單詞含義最為接近，故本題正確答案為D選項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C項(xiàng)與劃線單詞的意思不符合。

【句意】我們試圖談判，但他們態(tài)度堅(jiān)決。

9.單選題

Toconductsomeformsofsleepresearch,wehavetofindawaytotracksleepinessovertheday.Somepeoplemightbelievethatmeasuringsleepinessisafairlytrivialtask.Couldn'tyou,forinstance,simplycountthenumberoftimesapersonyawnsduringanygivenhourorso?

Inmostpeople'sminds,yawning—thatslow,exaggeratedmouthopeningwiththelong,deepinhalationofair,followedbyabrieferexhalation—isthemostobvioussignofsleepiness.Itisacommonbehaviorsharedbymanyanimals,includingourpetdogsandcatsbutalsocrocodiles,snakes,birds,andevensomefishes.Itiscertainlytruethatsleepypeopletendtoyawnmorethanwide-awakepeople.Itisalsotruethatpeoplewhosaytheyareboredbywhatishappeningatthemomentwilltendtoyawnmorefrequently.However,whetheryawningisasignthatyouaregettingreadyforsleeporthatyouaresuccessfullyfightingoffsleepisnotknown.Simplystretchingyourbody,asyoumightdoifyouhavebeensittinginthesamepositionforalongperiodoftime,willoftentriggerayawn.

Unfortunately,yawnsdon'tjustindicatesleepiness.Insomeanimals,yawningisasignofstress.Whenadogtrainerseesadogyawninginadogobedienceclass,itisusuallyasignthattheanimalisunderagooddealofpressure.Perhapsthehandlerispushingtoohardormovingtoofastforthedogtofeelincontrolofthesituation.Amomentortwoofplayandthenturningtoanotheractivityisusuallyenoughtobanishyawningforquiteawhile.

Yawningcanalsobeasignofstressinhumans.Once,whenobservingairbornetroopsabouttotaketheirfirstparachutejump,Inoticedthatseveralofthesoldiersweresittingintheplaneandyawning.Itwas10a.m.,justafteracoffeebreak,andIdoubtedthattheyweretired;Iknewforafactthattheywerefartoonervoustobebored.WhenIaskedaboutthis,theofficerinchargelaughedandsaiditwasreallyquiteacommonbehavior,especiallyonthefirstjump.

Thereisalsoasocialaspecttoyawning.Psychologistshaveplacedactorsincrowdedroomsandauditoriumsandhadthemdeliberatelyyawn.Withinmoments,thereisusuallyanincreaseinyawningbyeveryoneelseintheroom.Similarly,peoplewhowatchfilmsorvideosofothersyawningaremorelikelytoyawn.Evenjustreadingaboutyawningtendstostimulatepeopletoyawn.

Thetruthofthematteristhatwereallydon'tknowwhatpurposeyawningserves.Scientistsoriginallythoughtthatthepurposeofyawningwastoincreasetheamountofoxygeninthebloodortoreleasesomeaccumulatedcarbondioxide.Wenowknowthatthisisnottrue,sinceincreasingtheconcentrationofcarbondioxideintheairseemsnottomakepeoplemorelikelytoyawnbuttomakethembreathefastertotrytobringinmoreoxygen.Ontheotherhand,breathing100percentpureoxygendoesnotseemtoreducethelikelihoodofyawning.

Sinceyawningseemstobeassociatedwithalotmorethantheneedforsleep,weobviouslyhavetofindsomeothermeasureofsleepiness.Someresearchershavesimplytriedtoaskpeoplehowsleepytheyfeelatanytimeusingsomesortofself-ratingscale.Thereare,however,problemswithgettingpeopletomakethesetypesofjudgments.Sometimespeoplesimplylietotheresearcherswhenaskedabouthowsleepytheyare.Thisoccursbecauseinmanyareasofsocietyadmittingthatoneisfatiguedandsleepyisconsideredamarkofweaknessorlackofambitionanddrive.Inotherinstances,peoplemayadmittheyneedfourcupsofcoffeetomakeitthroughthemorning,butitmayneveroccurtothemthatthismightbeduetothefactthattheyaresosleepythattheyneedstimulationfromcaffeinetobeabletodotheirrequiredtasks.Forthesereasons,manyresearchershavedevelopedanalternatemethodtodeterminehowsleepyapersonis.Itisbaseduponasimpledefinitionofsleepneed:Thegreateryoursleepneed,orthesleepieryouare,thefasteryouwillfallasleepifgiventheopportunitytodoso.

1.ThequestioninLines3-4(Paragraph1)isbasedonwhichofthefollowingassumptions?

2.Theauthoruseswhichofthefollowinginthefourthparagraph?

3.Theauthormentionsthe"coffeebreak"toemphasizethata（）

4.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,wouldmostdirectlydisprovewhat"scientistsoriginallythought"？

5.Thepassageasawholeisbestcharacterizedas（）

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Directobservationistheonlyreliablemethodofconductingsleepresearch.

B.Peoplewillyawnmostfrequentlyinthemomentsbeforetheyfallasleep.

C.Thereisadirectcorrelationbetweenyawningandsleepiness.

D.Yawningisabehavioroverwhichindividualsexertlittleconsciouscontrol.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Understatement.

B.Anecdote.

C.Analogy.

D.Metaphor.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.briefrespitewassorelyneeded

B.givenattitudewasinappropriate

C.specificresponsewasunderstandable

D.certainbehaviorwasunexpected

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Carbondioxidedoesnotaffectpeople'sbreathingrates.

B.Yawningdoesnotreducetheneedforsleep,thoughitmaymakeapersonfeellesstired.

C.Becauseyawningbringsmoreairintothelungs,itcanincreasetherateatwhichoxygenisabsorbed.

D.Peopledonottendtoyawnmuchathighaltitudes,whereoxygenlevelsintheairarelow.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.informative

B.confessional

C.philosophical

D.argumentative

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:文章首段的問題是很多人認(rèn)為測量睡眠不難，難道數(shù)一數(shù)在測定時(shí)間內(nèi)的哈欠數(shù)不可以嗎？在第二段中提及打哈欠是失眠最明顯的跡象。言外之意是在睡眠與哈欠之間有某種關(guān)系。選項(xiàng)C正確。

第2題:信息歸納題。understatement"陳述"；anecdote"奇聞軼事"；analogy"類比"；metaphor"暗喻"。第四段作者舉了一個(gè)親身經(jīng)歷的例子，關(guān)于士兵第一次跳傘都會打哈欠的事例，此例子應(yīng)屬于奇聞軼事。選項(xiàng)B正確。

第3題:信息推斷題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“coffeebreak”定位到第四段，作者認(rèn)為士兵們剛過了coffeebreak，不應(yīng)該感到困乏。所以打哈欠這個(gè)行為是出乎意料的。選項(xiàng)D正確。

第4題:信息推斷題。根據(jù)第六段第二句的科學(xué)家最初認(rèn)為打哈欠的目的是增加血液中的氧氣含量或釋放一些積聚的二氧化碳。根據(jù)第六段倒數(shù)第二句可知選項(xiàng)A表述錯誤；選項(xiàng)B與題干不符；選項(xiàng)C在文中沒有提及；選項(xiàng)D在氧氣濃度低的高地，人們并沒有打更多哈欠的趨勢。按照科學(xué)家的理論，在氧氣濃度低的地方，為了增加血液中的氧氣，人們要多打哈欠，而現(xiàn)在恰恰沒有多打,因此證明科學(xué)家之前的想法是不正確的。所以本題選D。

第5題:觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。informative"教育性的"；confessional"懺悔的"；philosophical"哲學(xué)的"；argumentative"爭辯的"。本文主要針對別人的觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了反駁，看似是辯論，但文中的反駁都是為作者的敘述而服務(wù)的，并非針鋒相對的辯論，所以總體看來還是一篇以普及教育為主的文章，所以選項(xiàng)A更為合適。

10.單選題

Allindividualsarerequiredto______tothelawsmadebytheirgovernments.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.abide

B.conform

C.concede

D.observe

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)abide“接受，遵照”，后面常接介詞by；B選項(xiàng)conform“順從，遵守，符合”；C選項(xiàng)concede“承認(rèn)，允許”；D選項(xiàng)observe“觀察”，observe表示“遵守”時(shí)，是及物動詞，不與to搭配。根據(jù)thelaws可知B選項(xiàng)符合邏輯搭配。句意：所有人都必須遵守本國政府制定的法律。

11.單選題

Manyscientistsremainskepticalaboutthevalueofthisresearchprogram.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.conscious

B.doubtful

C.novelty

D.obscure

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)conscious“意識到的；故意的；神志清醒的”；B選項(xiàng)doubtful“可疑的；令人生疑的；疑心的；不能確定的”；C選項(xiàng)novelty“新奇；新奇的事物；新穎小巧而廉價(jià)的物品”；D選項(xiàng)obscure“昏暗的，朦朧的；晦澀的，不清楚的；隱蔽的；不著名的，無名的”。句意：許多科學(xué)家對這個(gè)研究項(xiàng)目的價(jià)值仍持懷疑態(tài)度。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵詞skeptical“懷疑的”，得知B選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Insomeways,theUnitesStateshasmadespectacularprogress.Firesnolongerdestroy18.000buildingsastheydidintheGreatChicagoFireof1871,orkillhalfatownof2,400people,astheydidthesamenightinPeshtigo,Wisconsin.OtherthantheBeverlyHillSupperClubfireinKentuckyin1977,ithasbeenfourdecadessincemorethan100Americansdiesinafire.

ButevenwithsuchsuccessestheUnitedStatesstillhasoneoftheworstfiredeathratesintheworld.Safetyexpertssaytheproblemisneithermoneynortechnology,buttheindifferenceofacountrythatjustwillnottakefiresseriouslyenough.

Americanfiredepartmentsaresomeoftheworld'sfastestandbestequipped.Theyhavetobe.TheUnitedStateshastwiceJapan’spopulation,and40timesasmanyfires.Itspendsfarlessonpreventingfiresthanonfightingthem.AndAmericanfire-safetylessonsareaimedalmostentirelyatchildren,whodieindisproportionatelylargenumbersinfiresbutwho,contrarytopopularmyth,startveryfewofthem.

Expertssaythefatalerrorisanattitudethatfiresarenotreallyanyone’sfault.Thatisnotsoinothercountries,wherebothpubliceducationandthelawtreatfiresaseitherapersonalfailingoracrime.Japanhasmanywoodhouses;oftheestimated48firesinworldhistory,thatburnedmorethan10,000buildings,Japanhashad27Penaltiesforcausingaseverefirebynegligencecanbeashighaslifeimprisonment.

IntheUnitedStates,mosteducationdollarsarespentinelementaryschool.Butthelessonsareaimedatatoolimitedaudience;just9percentofallfiredeathsarecausedbychildrenplayingwithmatches.

TheUnitesStatescontinuestorelymoreontechnologythanlawsorsocialpressure.Therearesmokedetectorsin85percentofallhomes.Somelocalbuildingscodesnowrequirehomesprinklers.Newheatersandironsshutthemselvesoffiftheyaretipped.

1.ThereasonwhysomanyAmericansdieinfiresisthat（

）.

2.AlthoughthefiredeathratehasdeclinedtheUnitedStates

（

）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat

（

）.

4.WhataspectsoffiresafetyandpreventionshouldtheUnitedStateslearnfromJapan?

5.TonarrowthegapbetweenthefiredeathrateintheUnitedStatesandinothercountries,theauthorsuggests（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theytooknointerestinnewtechnology

B.theydidn’tattachgreatimportancetopreventingfires

C.theyshowedindifferencetofightingfires

D.theydidn’tspendenoughmoneyonfirefacilities

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.stillhastheworstfiredeathrateintheworld.

B.isstillalerttothefireproblem

C.isstilltrainingalargenumberofsafetyexperts

D.isstillconfrontedwiththeseriousfireproblem

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.firesafetylessonsshouldbeaimedatAmericanadults

B.Americanchildrenhavenotreceivedenougheducationoffiresafetylessons

C.JapanisbetterequippedwithfirefacilitiesthantheUnitesStales

D.America'slargepopulationaccountsforhighfirefrequency

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Architectureandbuildingmaterials

B.Educationandtechnology

C.Lawsandattitude

D.Alloftheabove

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.developingnewtechnology

B.countingmoreonlawsandsocialpressure

C.placingafireextinguisherineveryfamily

D.reinforcingthesafenessofhouseholdappliances

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。由文章第二段中的Safetyexpertssaytheproblemisneithermoneynortechnology,buttheindifferenceofacountrythatjustwillnottakefiresseriouslyenough.（安全專家說，問題既不是金錢，也不是技術(shù)，而是一個(gè)對火災(zāi)不夠重視的國家的冷漠）和第三段中的Itspendsfarlessonpreventingfiresthanonfightingthem.（它在預(yù)防火災(zāi)方面比在滅火中花費(fèi)的要少得多）可知美國火災(zāi)多的原因是他們不夠重視預(yù)防火災(zāi)，因此選B。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第二段中的ButevenwithsuchsuccessestheUnitedStatesstillhasoneoftheworstfiredeathratesintheworld.（但即使如此成功，美國仍然是世界上火災(zāi)死亡率最高的國家之一）可知D選項(xiàng)“仍然面臨著嚴(yán)重的火災(zāi)問題”符合題意。

第3題:推理判斷題。由文章倒數(shù)第二段中的IntheUnitedStates,mosteducationdollarsarespentinelementaryschool.Butthelessonsareaimedatatoolimitedaudience;just9percentofallfiredeathsarecausedbychildrenplayingwithmatches.（在美國，大部分教育費(fèi)用都花在小學(xué)上。但是，這些課程的目標(biāo)受眾太少，只有9%的火災(zāi)死亡是由玩火柴的兒童造成的）可知A選項(xiàng)“消防安全課程應(yīng)針對美國成年人”符合題意。

第4題:推理判斷題。由文章第四段中的Expertssaythefatalerrorisanattitudethatfiresarenotreallyanyone’sfault.Thatisnotsoinothercountries,wherebothpubliceducationandthelawtreatfiresaseitherapersonalfailingoracrime...Japanhashad27Penaltiesforcausingaseverefirebynegligencecanbeashighaslifeimprisonment.（專家說，致命的錯誤是一種態(tài)度，即火災(zāi)不是任何人的過錯。在其他國家情況并非如此，在這些國家，公共教育和法律都將火災(zāi)視為個(gè)人過失或犯罪……日本已經(jīng)有27項(xiàng)因過失引起嚴(yán)重火災(zāi)的處罰，最高可達(dá)無期徒刑）可知C選項(xiàng)“法律和態(tài)度”符合題意。

第5題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。通讀全文，可知作者對文章最后一段中的TheUnitesStatescontinuestorelymoreontechnologythanlawsorsocialpressure.（美國繼續(xù)更多地依賴技術(shù)，而不是法律或社會壓力）這種“不依靠法律或社會壓力”的觀點(diǎn)是不贊成，認(rèn)為需要依靠法律和社會壓力來減少美國火災(zāi)的發(fā)生，因此選B。

13.問答題

Ifambition(A)istobewellregarded,therewardsofambition—wealth,distinction,(B)controloverone’sdestiny—(C)mustbedeemedworthofthesacrifices(D)madeonambition’sbehalf.

【答案】C；改成mustbedeemedworthyof。worthyof…值得…的

14.寫作題

WriteonANSWERSHEETacompositionofabout250wordsbasedonthefollowingpicture.Studythefollowingpicturecarefullyandwriteanessayto：

1.describethepicture；

2.deducethepurposeofthedrawerofthepicture；

3.suggestcounter-measures.

【答案】略

15.單選題

Idaresayheisnotyourtruefriend,becauseatruefriend______differentlywhenyouwereintrouble.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.acted

B.hadacted

C.wouldact

D.wouldhaveacted

【答案】D

【解析】考查語法結(jié)構(gòu)。句子中when引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，表示虛擬語氣。根據(jù)從句中的謂語動詞were可判斷這是一個(gè)與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，那么空格處應(yīng)該用過去將來完成時(shí)，故D項(xiàng)符合結(jié)構(gòu)。句意：我敢說他不是你真正的朋友，因?yàn)橐粋€(gè)真正的朋友會在你遇到困難時(shí)采取不同的行動。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

Perhapsthemoststrikingqualityofsatiricliteratureisitsfreshness,itsoriginalityofperspective.Satirerarelyoffersoriginalideas.Instead,itpresentsthefamiliarinanewform.Satiristsdonotoffertheworldnewphilosophies.Whattheydoistolookatfamiliarconditionsformaperspectivethatmakestheseconditionsseemfoolish,harmfuloraffected.Satirejarsusoutofcomplacenceintoapleasantlyshockedrealizationthatmanyofthevaluesweunquestioninglyacceptarefalse.DonQuixotemakeschivalryseemabsurd;BraveNewWorldridiculesthepretensionsofscience;AModestproposaldramatizedstarvationbyadvocatingcannibalism.Noneoftheseideasisoriginal.ChivalrywassuspectbeforeCervantes,humanistsobjectedtotheclaimsofpuresciencebeforeAldousHuxleyandpeoplewereawareoffaminebeforeSwift.Itwasnottheoriginalityoftheideasthatmadethesesatirespopular.Itwasthemannerofexpression,thesatiricmethodthatmadetheminterestingandentertaining.Satiresarereadbecausetheyareaestheticallysatisfyingworksofart,notbecausetheyaremorallywholesomeorethicallyinstructive.Theyarestimulatingandrefreshingbecausewithcommonsensebrisknesstheybrushawayillusionsandsecondhandopinions.Withspontaneousirreverence,satirerearrangesperspectives,scramblesfamiliarobjectsintoincongruouscombinationandspeaksinapersonalidiominsteadofabstractplatitude.

Satireexistsbecausethereisneedforit.Ithaslivedbecausereadersappreciatearefreshingstimulus,anirreverentreminderthattheylivedinaworldofplatitudinousthinking,cheapmoralizing,andfoolishphilosophy.Satireservestoprodpeopleintoanawarenessoftruth,thoughrarelytoanyactiononbehalfoftruth.Satiretendstoremindpeoplethatmuchofwhattheysee,hear,andreadinpopularmediaissanctimonious,sentimental,andonlypartiallytrue.Liferesemblesinonlyaslightdegreethepopularimageofit.Soldiersrarelyholdtheidealsthatmoviesattributetothem,nordoordinarycitizensdevotetheirlivestounselfishserviceofhumanity.Intelligentpeopleknowthesethingsbuttendtoforgetthemwhentheydonothearthemexpressed.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Whichofthefollowingcanbefoundinsatireliterature?

3.Accordingtothepassage,thereisaneedforsatirebecausepeopleneedtobe（

）.

4.Asaresultofreadingsatiricliterature,readerwillbemostlikelyto（

）.

5.ThevariouspurposedofsatireincludeallofthefollowingEXCEPT（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Difficultiesofwritingsatiricliterature.

B.Populartopicsofsatire.

C.Newphilosophiesemergingfromsatiricliterature.

D.Reasonsforthepopularityofsatire.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Newlyemergingphilosophies.

B.Oddcombinationsofobjectsandideas.

C.Abstractdiscussionofmoralandethnics.

D.Wholesomecharacterswhoareunselfish.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.informedaboutnewscientificdevelopments

B.exposedtooriginalphilosophieswhentheyareformulated

C.remindedthatpopularideasareofteninaccurate

D.toldhowtheycanbeofservicetotheircommunities

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.teachthemselvestowritefiction

B.acceptconventionalpointsofview

C.becomebetterinformedaboutcurrentaffairs

D.reexaminetheiropinionsandvalues

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.introducingreaderstounfamiliarsituations

B.brushingawayillusion

C.remindingreadersofthetruth

D.exposingfalsevalues

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】主旨大意題。文章第一段主要講諷刺文學(xué)的特點(diǎn)，諷刺作品的一些特性。第二段第一句提到了諷刺作品存在是因?yàn)槿藗儗λ行枨?。綜合理解全文，文章主要是在分析諷刺作品流行，被人廣泛地接受的原因。故正確答案選D。選項(xiàng)A、B文章沒有提及，選項(xiàng)C意思與文章第一段第四句的描述相反。

2.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到文章第一段第四句“Satiristsdonotoffertheworldnewphilosophies.諷刺作家沒有為世界貢獻(xiàn)新的哲學(xué)”排除A，文章第一段倒數(shù)第三句“Satiresarereadbecausetheyareaestheticallysatisfyingworksofart,notbecausetheyaremorallywholesomeorethicallyinstructive.人們讀諷刺作品是因?yàn)樵趯徝郎纤鼈兪橇钊藵M意的文學(xué)作品，而不是因?yàn)榈赖碌耐昝篮蛡惱淼恼f教”，由此可以排除C。選項(xiàng)D文章并未提及。故正確答案選B。

3.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。定位到文章第二段第二句“Ithaslivedbecausereadersappreciatearefreshingstimulus,anirreverentreminderthattheylivedinaworldofplatitudinousthinking,cheapmoralizing,andfoolishphilosophy.它的存在是因?yàn)樽x者欣賞使人耳目一新的刺激，直接向人們指出我們生活在一個(gè)思想平凡、道德廉價(jià)和哲學(xué)愚蠢的世界里”，由此可判斷，正確答案選C。

4.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。定位到文章第一段倒數(shù)第二句“Theyarestimulatingandrefreshingbecausewithcommonsensebrisknesstheybrushawayillusionsandsecondhandopinions.Withspontaneousirreverence,satirerearrangesperspectives,...它們啟發(fā)人生，使人耳目一新是因?yàn)樗鼈冇煤喢鞯某ＷR洗刷去了幻覺和舊的常識。諷刺作品用自然的嘲諷態(tài)度重新設(shè)置了觀點(diǎn)，……”，由此可知，閱讀諷刺文學(xué)的讀者，會重新看待舊的常識和事物，重新審視自身具有的觀點(diǎn)。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。定位到文章第一段第五句“Whattheydoistolookatfamiliarconditionsformaperspectivethatmakestheseconditionsseemfoolish,harmfuloraffected.他們所做的是采取這樣一種立場看待熟悉的環(huán)境，使得它們看上去愚蠢、有害或者造作?！笨芍x項(xiàng)A并不是諷刺文學(xué)作品寫作的目的。故正確答案選A。

17.單選題

Whilestillcatching-uptomeninsomespheresofmodernlife,womenappeartobewayaheadinatleastoneundesirablecategory.“Womenareparticularlysusceptibletodevelopingdepressionandanxietydisordersinresponsetostresscomparedtomen,”accordingtoDr.Yehuda,chiefpsychiatristatNewYork’sVeteran’sAdministrationHospital.

Studiesofbothanimalsandhumanshaveshownthatsexhormonessomehowaffectthestressresponse,causingfemalesunderstresstoproducemoreofthetriggerchemicalsthandomalesunderthesameconditions.Inseveralofthestudies,whenstressed-outfemaleratshadtheirovaries（thefemalereproductiveorgans）removed,theirchemicalresponsesbecameequaltothoseofthemales.

Addingtoawoman’sincreaseddoseofstresschemicals,areherincreased“opportunities”forstress.“It’snotnecessarilythatwomendon’tcopeaswell.It’sjustthattheyhavesomuchmoretocopewith,”saysDr.Yehuda.“Theircapacityfortoleratingstressmayevenbegreaterthanmen’s,”sheobserves,“it’sjustthatthey’redealingwithsomanymorethingsthattheybecomewornoutfromitmorevisiblyandsooner.”

Dr.Yehudanotesanotherdifferencebetweenthesexes.“Ithinkthatthekindsofthingsthatwomenareexposedtotendtobeinmoreofachronicorrepeatednature.Mengotowarandareexposedtocombatstress.Menareexposedtomoreactsofrandomphysicalviolence.Thekindsofinterpersonalviolencethatwomenareexposedtotendtobeindomesticsituations,by,unfortunately,parentsorotherfamilymembers,andtheytendnottobeone-shotdeals.Thewear-and-tearthatcomesfromtheselongerrelationshipscanbequitedevastating.”

AdelineAlvarezmarriedat18andgavebirthtoason,butwasdeterminedtofinishcollege.“Istruggledalottogetthecollegedegree.Iwaslivinginsomuchfrustrationthatthatwasmyescape,togotoschool,andgetaheadanddobetter.”Later,hermarriageendedandshebecameasinglemother.“It’sthehardestthingtotakecareofateenager,haveajob,paytherent,paythecarpayment,andpaythedebt.Ilivedfrompaychecktopaycheck.”

NoteveryoneexperiencesthekindsofseverechronicstressesAlvarezdescribes.Butmostwomentodayarecopingwithalotofobligations,withfewbreaks,andfeelingthestrain.Alvarez’sexperiencedemonstratestheimportanceoffindingwaystodiffusestressbeforeitthreatensyourhealthandyourabilitytofunction.

1.Paragraph2statesthat（）.

2.Dr.Yehuda’sstudyfoundthatwomen（）.

3.Onedifferencebetweenthesexesisthatthestresswomenconfronttendstobe（）.

4.Whatisthemeaningof“Ilivedfrompaychecktopaycheck.”（Line6,Para.5）?

5.Thebesttitleforthistextwouldbe（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.womenarebiologicallymorevulnerabletostress

B.womenarestillsufferingmuchstresscausedbymen

C.womenaremoreexperiencedthanmenincopingwithstress

D.menandwomenshowdifferentinclinationswhenfacedwithstress

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.needextradosesofchemicalstohandlestress

B.havelimitedcapacityfortoleratingstress

C.aremorecapableofavoidingstress

D.areexposedtomorestress

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.domesticandtemporary

B.irregularandviolent

C.durableandfrequent

D.trivialandrandom

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Alvarezcaredaboutnothingbutmakingmoney.

B.Alvarez’ssalarybarelycoveredherhouseholdexpenses.

C.Alvarezgotpaychecksfromdifferentjobs.

D.Alvarezpaidpracticallyeverythingbycheck.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.StrainofStress:NoWayOut?

B.ResponsestoStress:GenderDifference

C.StressAnalysis:WhatChemicalsSay

D.GenderInequality:WomenUnderStress

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1