考研考博-英語-文山學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-文山學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Foruntoldcenturiesmandependedalmostentirelyonhishuntingabilitytoobtainfood.Fromsunrisetosundown,armedwithclubsandspears,andaidedbytrainedwilddogs,hesearchedforgame—hisforemostsourceoffoodwithhisprimitiveweapons,thelargestandswiftestanimalsofteneludedhim,andthehunterandhisfamilyfrequentlywentfordayswithoutmeat.

Whilethemenwerehuntinggame,thewomenandchildrensearchedforediblevegetation.Fromnearbyplantsandtreestheygatheredberries,nuts,grain,androots.Thesemeagerstaplesstayedthepainofhungerwhenthehuntersreturnedemptyhanded.Whenthesuppliesofgameandplantsinanareawereexhausted,theentiretribewasforcedtomoveontoanewandhopefullybetterregion.Thusmanledanomadicexistence.Hecouldneversettleinoneplaceforlongbecausehisgrowingpopulationoutstrippedtheavailablesupplyoffoodinthearea.

Thenmanmadeoneofhisgreatestdiscoveries—agriculture.Thisrevelationofraisingplantsanddomesticatinganimalswasoneofthemajorstepsincivilization.Agriculturedidnotbyitselfcreatecivilization,butwithoutitmancouldnothavesettledinoneplacelongenoughtobuildapermanenthome.Anthropologistsareuncertainaboutwhenorhowmanfirstlearnedtofarm.Theysuggestitmayhaveresultedfromcasualobservation.Atribeormanytribesoverawideareamighthavestayedinoneplacelongenoughtoseeatruebearfruitformorethanoneseason.Theymayalsohaveobservedthatyoungplantsgrewoutofgroundtoproducefoodastheymatured.

Or,asoneanthropologistsuggests,ahandfulofwildgroinmayhavethrownontotheground,andlatertheseedsgrewintonewplants.Regardlessoftheexactcircumstances,mandideventuallyrecognizethathecouldhaveadependablesourceoffoodifheplantedseedsandlaterharvestedhiscrop.

Aftermanlearnedthathecouldgrowfood,thenextstepwasmasteringcropcultivation.Theearlyfarmerrealizedthathecouldgrowmorefoodiftheseedswerecoveredwithbrokenground.Thisinsightledtothemakingofthefirstfarmequipment-sticksshapedintospadesandhoes.Fromexaminationoftheremainsoftheearliestknownfarmingtools,archaeologistshavedeterminedthatthisoccurredaboutseventhousandyearsago.TheseimplementswerefoundintheareaknownastheFertileCrescent,whichliesbetweentheeastcoastoftheMediterraneanSeaandPersianGulf.Evidencealsoindicatesthatthefarmersofthisarea—possiblythefirstintheworld—cultivatedlargewheatcrops.Totendthesecrops,thehoeandspadesweretransformedintoplows.

Aboutthesametimeasthegrowingofthefirstcrops,man,relyingontheexperiencehehadgainedintrainingwilddogstoaidinhunting,begandomesticatingotheranimals.Overtheyears,hedevelopedherdsofanimalsforfoodandtoaidinhiswork.

Withthecultivationofcropsandthedomestication,ofanimals,manhadafairlydependableandpermanentfoodsupply.Thisaccomplishmentallowedhimtimeforotherwork.Insteadofspendingmostofhiswakinghourshuntingforfood,hewasabletoestablishvillages,andhehadleisuretimetopondernewideasandkeeprecordsofeventsinhislife.Withthediscoveryofagriculture,manceasedhisanimal-likeexistenceandbegantobuildthefoundationforcivilization.

1.Theword"elude"inthefirstparagraphmostprobablymeans（）.

2.Whatisthesignificanceofraisingplantsanddomesticatinganimals?

3.Fromthispassagewecanconcludethat（）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,withthediscoveryofagriculture（）.

5.Duringtheperiodinwhichmanwashuntingforanimalsforfood,mancouldneverliveinoneplacepermanentlybecause（）.

6.Withregardtowhenandhowmanfirstlearnedtofarm,thepassage（）.

7.Manstoppedhisanimal-likelivingafterhe（）..

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.abandon

B.desert

C.escape

D.mummify

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Mendidn'thavetoleadanomadiclife.

B.Theydidn'thavetosearchforediblevegetation.

C.Thelargestandswiftestanimalscouldn'teludethemanymore.

D.Thisindicatesthatmenenteredthecivilizedsociety.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.menmasteredcultivationmethodfromtheirexperiences

B.theylearnedhowtochaseanimalsfromwatchingthemrun

C.mensearchedforgamewithprimitiveweapons

D.sometimestheywereaidedbysometrainedwilddogs

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.menspentmostoftheirtimehuntingforfood

B.civilizationbegan

C.theearlyfarmermadethefirstfarmequipment

D.menbegandomesticatingotheranimals

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.helivedanomadiclife

B.thepopulationgrewsoquickly

C.thefoodsupplieswereexhausted

D.theanimalsoftenescapedhishunting

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.explainsindetails

B.providessomeguesses

C.doesn'tmentionitatall

D.offerssureanswersbyanthropologists

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.stoppedhuntinganimals

B.learnedtomaketoolsforhunting

C.traineddogstoaidinhunting

D.discoveredagriculture

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:C

第6題:B

第7題:D

【解析】1.根據(jù)下文“thehunterandhisfamilyfrequentlywentfordayswithoutmeat.”獵人和他的家人經(jīng)常幾天吃不到肉,說明這些動(dòng)物都躲著獵人,所以“eluded”指的是躲避,逃避；選項(xiàng)C正確。

2.根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知,飼養(yǎng)植物和馴養(yǎng)動(dòng)物的啟示是人類文明的重要步驟之一,并沒有說明人類進(jìn)入了文明社會(huì),所以選項(xiàng)D不正確；農(nóng)業(yè)本身并沒有創(chuàng)造文明,但是如果沒有農(nóng)業(yè),人類不可能在一個(gè)地方定居足夠長的時(shí)間來建立一個(gè)永久的家園。也就是說,有了農(nóng)業(yè),人不必再過游牧生活。選項(xiàng)A正確。

3.根據(jù)原文可知,選項(xiàng)B在文中沒有提及；選項(xiàng)C和D是文中已知的信息；根據(jù)第五段的內(nèi)容可知,人們從他們的經(jīng)驗(yàn)中掌握了種植農(nóng)作物的方法。所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

4.根據(jù)最后一段的最后一句“Withthediscoveryofagriculture,manceasedhisanimal-likeexistenceandbegantobuildthefoundationforcivilization”隨著農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)現(xiàn),人類停止了動(dòng)物般的存在,開始建立文明的基礎(chǔ)。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

5.根據(jù)第二段的倒數(shù)第三句“Whenthesuppliesofgameandplantsinanareawereexhausted,theentiretribewasforcedtomoveontoanewandhopefullybetterregion.”當(dāng)某一地區(qū)的野味和植物供應(yīng)被耗盡時(shí),整個(gè)部落被迫遷移到一個(gè)新的、有希望成為更好的地區(qū)。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

6.根據(jù)第三段“Anthropologistsareuncertainaboutwhenorhowmanfirstlearnedtofarm.Theysuggestitmayhaveresultedfromcasualobservation.”人類學(xué)家不確定人類何時(shí)或如何學(xué)會(huì)耕種。他們認(rèn)為這可能是偶然觀察的結(jié)果。由此可知,本文只是提供了一些猜測(cè),所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

7.根據(jù)最后一段的最后一句“Withthediscoveryofagriculture,manceasedhisanimal-likeexistenceandbegantobuildthefoundationforcivilization”隨著農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)現(xiàn),人類停止了動(dòng)物般的存在,開始建立文明的基礎(chǔ)。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

2.單選題

Theproblemisthatthelossofconfidenceamongthesoldierscanbehighlycontagious.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.spreading

B.contemptible

C.contented

D.depressing

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。contagious在句中是“傳染性的，會(huì)感染的”；A選項(xiàng)spreading“擴(kuò)散的”；B選項(xiàng)contemptible“可鄙的”；C選項(xiàng)contented“滿足的，心安的”；D選項(xiàng)depressing“沉悶的，陰沉的”。句意：?jiǎn)栴}是士兵們失去信心可能會(huì)傳染。因此只有A項(xiàng)符合。

3.單選題

Incalculatingthedailycalorierequirementsforanindividual,variationsinbodysize,physicalactivityandageshouldbe（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.broughtintopractice

B.takenintoaccount

C.thrownlighton

D.lookeddownupon

【答案】B

【解析】bringintopractice實(shí)行；takeintoaccount考慮；throwlighton照亮，闡明，使……顯得清楚；lookdownupon看不起。句意：在計(jì)算個(gè)人每日所需熱量時(shí)，應(yīng)考慮到體型、體力活動(dòng)和年齡的變化。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

4.單選題

Inordertocontrolanddefeatthedreadfuldiseasesthat____humanity,concertedactivityisnecessary.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.infect

B.eliminate

C.incredulous

D.plague

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.infect感染；傳染B.eliminate消除；排除

C.incredulous懷疑的；不輕信的D.plague困擾；折磨

【考查點(diǎn)】語義銜接

【解題思路】首先，空格處是從句謂語，應(yīng)填入一個(gè)動(dòng)詞，其次，該詞的賓語為人類，主語為致命的疾病，D選項(xiàng)plague“困擾；折磨”符合語義邏輯。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)infect“感染，傳染”，沒有足夠的信息表明疾病是傳染??；

B選項(xiàng)eliminate“消除；排除”，疾病還不足以消滅人類；

C選項(xiàng)incredulous“懷疑的；不輕信的”，該詞為形容詞，非動(dòng)詞，不符合語境。

【句意】為了控制和戰(zhàn)勝困擾人類的致命的疾病，協(xié)調(diào)一致的行動(dòng)是必要的。

5.單選題

ManyAmericansharboragrosslydistortedandexaggeratedviewofmostoftheriskssurroundingfood.FergusClydesdale,headofthedepartmentoffoodscienceandnutritionattheUniversityofMassachusetts-Amherst,saysbluntlythatifthedangersfrombacteriallycontaminatedchickenwereasgreatassomepeoplebelieve,“thestreetswouldbelitteredwithpeoplelyinghereandthere.”

Thoughthepublicincreasinglydemandsno-riskfood,thereisnosuchthing.BruceAmes,chairmanofthebiochemistrydepartmentattheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,pointsoutthatupto10%ofaplant’sweightismadeupofnaturalpesticides（殺蟲劑）.Sayshe:“Sinceplantsdonothavejawsorteethtoprotectthemselves,theyemploychemicalwarfare.”Andmanynaturallyproducedchemicals,thoughoccurringintinyamounts,proveinlaboratoryteststobestrongcarcinogens—asubstancewhichcancausecancer.Mushrooms（磨菇）mightbebannediftheywerejudgedbythesamestandardsthatapplytofoodadditives（添加劑）.DeclaresChristinaStark,anutritionistatCornellUniversity:“We’vegotfatworsenaturalchemicalsinthefoodsupplythananythingman-made.”

Yettheissuesarenotthatsimple.WhileAmericanshavenoreasontobeterrifiedtositdownatthedinnertable,theyhaveeveryreasontodemandsignificantimprovementsinfoodandwatersafety.Theyunconsciouslyandunwillinglytakeintoomuchoftoomanydangerouschemicals.Iffoodalreadycontainsnaturalcarcinogens,itdoesnotmakemuchsensetoadddozensofnewman-madeones.Thoughmostpeoplewillwithstandthesmallamountsofcontaminantsgenerallyfoundinfoodandwater,atleastafewindividualswillprobablygetcanceronedaybecauseofwhattheyeatanddrink.

Tomakegoodfoodandwatersuppliesevenbetter,theGovernmentneedstotightenitsregulatorystandards,stiffenitsinspectionprogramandstrengthenitsenforcementpolicies.Thefoodindustryshouldmodifysomelong-acceptedpracticesorturntolesshazardousalternatives.Perhapsmostimportant,consumerswillhavetodoabetterjoboflearninghowtohandleandcookfoodproperly.Theproblemsthatneedtobetackledexistallalongthefood-supplychain,fromfieldstoprocessingplantstokitchens.

1.WhatdoestheauthorthinkoftheAmericans'viewoftheirfood?

2.Theauthorconsidersitimpossibletoobtainno-riskfoodbecause（）.

3.Bysaying"theyemploychemicalwarfare"（Line3,Para.2）,BruceAmesmeans（）.

4.Thereductionofthepossiblehazardsinfoodultimatelydependson（）.

5.Whatisthemessagetheauthorwantstoconveyinthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theyoverstatethegovernment'sinterferencewiththefoodindustry.

B.Theyareoveroptimisticaboutthesafetyoftheirfood.

C.Theyoverestimatethehazardsoftheirfood.

D.Theyoverlooktherisksofthefoodtheyeat.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.nofoodisfreefrompollutionintheenvironment

B.pesticidesarewidelyusedinagriculture

C.manyvegetablescontaindangerousnaturalchemicals

D.almostallfoodshaveadditives

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.plantsproducecertainchemicalstocombatpestsanddiseases

B.plantsabsorbusefulchemicalstopromotetheirgrowth

C.farmersuseman-madechemicalstodissolvethenaturalchemicalsinplants

D.farmersusechemicalstoprotectplantsagainstpestsanddiseases

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thegovernment

B.theconsumer

C.theprocessor

D.thegrower

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Eatinganddrinkinghavebecomemorehazardousthanbefore.

B.Immediatemeasuresmustbetakentoimprovefoodproductionandprocessing.

C.Healthfoodisnotadreaminmodernsociety.

D.Thereisreasonforcautionbutnocauseforalarmwithregardtofoodconsumption.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段的第一句“ManyAmericansharboragrosslydistortedandexaggeratedviewofmostoftheriskssurroundingfood.”許多美國人嚴(yán)重扭曲和夸大了食品的危害。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段的第一句“Thoughthepublicincreasinglydemandsno-riskfood,thereisnosuchthing.”可知選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

3.詞義題。結(jié)合上下文可知，本句意為：因?yàn)橹参餂]有下顎和牙齒來保護(hù)自己，所以它們會(huì)產(chǎn)生某種化學(xué)物質(zhì)。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)最后一段的倒數(shù)第二句“Perhapsmostimportant,consumerswillhavetodoabetterjoboflearninghowtohandleandcookfoodproperly.”也許最重要的是，消費(fèi)者將不得不更好地學(xué)習(xí)如何正確處理和烹飪食物。選項(xiàng)B正確。

5.主旨大意題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容，首段提到美國人嚴(yán)重扭曲和夸大了食品的危害，尾段提到政府可以采取措施管控，但關(guān)鍵在于消費(fèi)者。也就是說，對(duì)于食品消費(fèi)，我們有理由謹(jǐn)慎，但沒有理由驚慌。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

6.單選題

Thedevil,astheoldsayinggoes,isinthedetails.Or,inthecaseofthenewEstonianlawsettingupanationalgeneticdatabank,thereisreasonforconcernthatthedevilmaygetinvolvedintheactualworkingsofthatcountry’sHumanGeneResearchAct.

Theauthorsofthe34-sectionacthavemadeaseriousefforttopreventmisuseofthedataandtoprotectgenedonors’rightsandprivacy.Participationintheprojectisstrictlyvoluntary,onthebasisofinformedconsent.Itwillbeillegaltoaskanyoneifheorsheisparticipatinginthefreeprogram.Peoplewon’tbepaidforprovidingatissuesample,medical,andfamilyhistorytotheEstonianGeneBank.Thatinformationisimmediatelygiven“auniquecodeconsistingofatleast16randomcharacters”.GeneticandmedicaldatabecomeandremainthepropertyoftheEstonianGeneBank—exceptthatindividualdonorshavetheright,“atanytime,”torequest“destructionofthedatawhichenablesdecoding.”

Theycanalsohavetheirsamplematerialsdestroyediftheiridentityhasbeenunlawfullydisclosed.

Donorsareentitledtotheirowngeneticdata,atnocharge,asaretheirdesignatedphysicians.Nooneelsehaslawfulaccesstothisinformation.Indeed,itisunlawfultoask—andtheactcontainsspecificparagraphsthatforbidemployersandinsurancecompaniestogathersuchinformation,ortotreat“peoplewithdifferentgeneticrisks”differentlyasemployeesorinsuranceclients.Geneticinformationmaybereleasedtoresearchers“onlyincodedform,asasetofdataandontheconditionthattissuesamplesordataconcerningatleastfivegenedonorsareissuedatatime.”

SupportersoftheprojectexpectthattheEstonianGeneBankwillbecomeafavoritesourceofinformationforresearchersassociatedwithbiotechnologyandpharmaceuticalcompaniesthatareexpectedtopayhandsomelyforaccesstothedecoded(andanonymous)information.SomefirmsareexpectedtosetupshopinEstonia,presumablyinorneartheUniversityCityofTartuwheremostEstoniangeneticistsliveandwork.Theprojectisexpectedto“putEstoniaonthemap”andleadtoaneconomicbonanzaforanewlyindependentcountrywithfewnaturalresources.

Noteverybodysharesthatview.Regardlessofthefavorablepollresults,anumberofobjectionshavebeenpublishedinEstonian-languagenewspapers.Theserangefromthesimplistic“Ifit’ssuchagreatidea,howcometheFrenchandGermansaren’tdoingitalready?”toargumentsthatthestart-upmoneycouldbespentonbetterthings.Somecommentatorsarealsoconcernedaboutprivacy.Informationinthedatabankcouldbeusedforblackmailandisthereadatabankintheworldthatistrulysecurefromhackers?Andwhataboutleaks?Allegationsofcorruptionareafactofpubliclifeinpost-Sovietindependentstates.Estonia’sscandalshavebeenlessluridthanthoseofotherstates,buttherehavebeenenoughtoengenderconsiderablecynicism,notjustaboutleakeddata,butalsoaboutpayoffswherelucrativecontractsareinvolved.

16.Thesaying“Thedevilisinthedetails”isusedtoimplythat________.

17.UnderEstonianlaw,donorsmayrequesttohavetheirtissuesamplesdestroyed________.

18.Thephrase“putEstoniaonthemap”(para.5)mostlikelymeans________.

19.Fromthelastparagraphwecaninferthat,inregardtothenewgeneticdatabank________.

20.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsEstonia’snewlawsgoverningthegeneticdatabankseemstobe________.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Estonia’snewgeneticdatabankhasimmoralimplications

B.whiletheoverallideaisgood,thedetailsofthegeneticbank’sworkingsareflawed

C.despitetheirefforts,thenewlawsmaynotpreventmisuseofgeneticdata

D.itisinherentlywrongtocollectgeneticdata

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.atanytime

B.iftheirsecretcodehasbeendecoded

C.iftheiridentityhasbeenrevealedillegally

D.withtheirphysician’sapproval

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.gaininternationalfamefortheEstoniangovernment

B.confirmEstonia’spost-Sovietindependence

C.gainrespectforgeneticsresearchconductedinEstonia

D.bringglobalrecognitiontothislittle-knowncountry

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.publicpollingwasmostlikelycorrupt

B.mostEstoniansapproveofit

C.onlylesseducatedcitizensareobjectingtothenewlaws

D.Estoniansaresharplydividedontheissue

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.ambivalence

B.caution

C.approval

D.skepticism

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】16.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段Thedevil,astheoldsayinggoes,isinthedetails.Or,inthecaseofthenewEstonianlawsettingupanationalgeneticdatabank,thereisreasonforconcernthatthedevilmaygetinvolvedintheactualworkingsofthatcountry’sHumanGeneResearchAct.（正如一句老話所說，細(xì)節(jié)決定成敗。或者，在愛沙尼亞建立國家基因數(shù)據(jù)庫的新法律中，人們有理由擔(dān)心魔鬼可能會(huì)參與該國《人類基因研究法》的實(shí)際運(yùn)作。），第一句話的重點(diǎn)是細(xì)節(jié)，按照兩句話的先后順序，推理出作者想要表達(dá)基因數(shù)據(jù)庫存在細(xì)節(jié)上的缺陷，B選項(xiàng)“雖然總體想法是好的，但基因數(shù)據(jù)庫的工作細(xì)節(jié)是有缺陷的”正確。A選項(xiàng)“愛沙尼亞新的基因數(shù)據(jù)庫有不道德的成分”，C選項(xiàng)“盡管他們做出了努力，新的法律可能不會(huì)防止基因數(shù)據(jù)的濫用”和D選項(xiàng)“收集基因數(shù)據(jù)本身就是錯(cuò)誤的”不是這里表達(dá)的重點(diǎn)，不符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

17.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段Theycanalsohavetheirsamplematerialsdestroyediftheiridentityhasbeenunlawfullydisclosed.（如果他們的身份被非法泄露，他們的樣本材料也可能被銷毀。），可知組織樣本被銷毀的條件是C選項(xiàng)“如果他們的身份被非法揭露”。A選項(xiàng)“隨時(shí)”：根據(jù)第二段最后一句GeneticandmedicaldatabecomeandremainthepropertyoftheEstonianGeneBank—exceptthatindividualdonorshavetheright,“atanytime,”torequest“destructionofthedatawhichenablesdecoding.”（遺傳和醫(yī)療數(shù)據(jù)成為并仍然是愛沙尼亞基因庫的財(cái)產(chǎn)，但個(gè)人捐助者有權(quán)“在任何時(shí)候”要求“銷毀可解碼的數(shù)據(jù)”。），可知任何時(shí)候可以銷毀的是可解碼的數(shù)據(jù)，而非樣本，故錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“如果他們的密碼被破譯”和D選項(xiàng)“得到他們的醫(yī)生的批準(zhǔn)”文章沒有提到。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

18.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段最后一句Theprojectisexpectedto“putEstoniaonthemap”andleadtoaneconomicbonanzaforanewlyindependentcountrywithfewnaturalresources.（這個(gè)項(xiàng)目有望“讓愛沙尼亞在地圖上嶄露頭角”，并為這個(gè)剛剛獨(dú)立、自然資源貧乏的國家?guī)斫?jīng)濟(jì)上的巨大財(cái)富。），可知愛沙尼亞獨(dú)立不久，需要國際社會(huì)的認(rèn)可，這是一個(gè)國家在國際社會(huì)上基礎(chǔ)的需求，D選項(xiàng)“為這個(gè)鮮為人知的國家?guī)砣蛘J(rèn)可”正確，A選項(xiàng)“為愛沙尼亞政府贏得國際聲譽(yù)”是在被認(rèn)可的基礎(chǔ)上更進(jìn)一步的需求，屬于過度推斷。B選項(xiàng)“確認(rèn)愛沙尼亞在后蘇聯(lián)時(shí)代的獨(dú)立”：愛沙尼亞已經(jīng)獨(dú)立了，不需要通過其他方式證明。C選項(xiàng)“在愛沙尼亞進(jìn)行的遺傳學(xué)研究獲得了尊重”：不是表達(dá)的重點(diǎn)，不符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

19.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第六段第二句Regardlessofthefavorablepollresults,anumberofobjectionshavebeenpublishedinEstonian-languagenewspapers.（不管民調(diào)結(jié)果如何，愛沙尼亞語報(bào)紙上刊登了許多反對(duì)意見。），句子是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，表明前面想要表達(dá)大多數(shù)人贊成，B選項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)愛沙尼亞人贊成”正確。A選項(xiàng)“公眾投票很可能是墮落的”：根據(jù)第六段倒數(shù)第二句Allegationsofcorruptionareafactofpubliclifeinpost-Sovietindependentstates.（對(duì)墮落的指控是后蘇聯(lián)獨(dú)立國家公共生活的一個(gè)事實(shí)。），這里指的是公共生活墮落的大背景，而非投票這件事，故錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“只有教育程度較低的公民反對(duì)新法律”：文中沒有提到教育程度不同的人對(duì)此的看法，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“愛沙尼亞人在這個(gè)問題上有尖銳的分歧”：不是表達(dá)的重點(diǎn)，沒有體現(xiàn)尖銳，故錯(cuò)誤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

20.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。作者首先客觀地講述這項(xiàng)立法的細(xì)則，再分別表達(dá)支持者和反對(duì)者的觀點(diǎn)，而沒有直接表達(dá)自己對(duì)此的看法，所以B選項(xiàng)“謹(jǐn)慎”正確，A選項(xiàng)“矛盾”，C選項(xiàng)“贊同”和D選項(xiàng)“懷疑”不符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

ItissomildandmoistasIsaunteralongbythewalleastoftheHillthatIremember,oranticipate,oneofthosewarm（1）inthespring,whentheearthisjustlaidbare,thewindissouth,andthecladonialichensare

（2）

andlustywithmoisture,yourfootsinkingintothemandpressingthewateroutasfromasponge,andthe

（3）

placesalsoaredrinkingitin.Youwander

（4）

inabeadedcoat,wettotheskinofyourlegs,sitonmoss-cladrocksandstumps,andhearthe

（5）

ofmigratingsparrowsflittingamidtheshruboaks,sitlongatatime,still,andhaveyourthoughts.Arainwhichisassereneasfair

（6）

,suggestingfairerweatherthanwaseverseen.Youcouldhugtheclodsthat

（7）

you.Youfeelthefertilizinginfluenceoftheraininyourmid.Thepartofyouthatiswettestisfullestoflife,—

（8）

thelichens.Youdiscoverevidencesofimmortalitynotknownto

（9）

.

Youceasetodie.Youdetectsomebudsandsproutsoflife.Every

（10）

intheoldrye-fieldisonvirginsoil.

Andthentheraincomesthickerandfasterthanbefore,thawingthe

（11）

frostintheground,detainingthemigratingbird,andturnyourbacktoit,fullofserene,contented

（12）

,soothedbythesteadydroppingonthewitheredleaves,moreathomeforbeingabroad,morecomfortableforbeingwet,sinkingateachstep（13）

intothethawingearth,gladly

（14）

thegrayrottingice.Thedullestsoundsseemsweetlymodulatedbytheair.Youleaveyourtracks

（15）

springrye,scaringthefox-coloredsparrowsalongthewoodsides.Youcannotgohomeyet;youstayandsitintherain.You

（16）

alongthedistantwoodsides,fullofjoyandexpectation,seeing

（17）

beauty,hearingnothingbutmusic,asfreeasthe

（18）

sparrow,seeingfarahead,acourageous

（19）,agreatphilosopher,notindebtedtoanyacademyorcollegeforthis

（20）,butchieflytotheAprilrain,whichdescendonallalike.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.showers

B.pitfalls

C.blizzards

D.rainstorms

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.swollen

B.springe

C.winded

D.swabbed

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.sunny

B.saggy

C.sandy

D.faddy

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.absolutely

B.indefinitely

C.consequently

D.magnificently

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.vibration

B.murmuring

C.uproar

D.lisping

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.sky

B.weather

C.moisture

D.climates

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.defile

B.deveined

C.doxastic

D.granulate

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.simulateto

B.disliketo

C.like

D.likewise

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.snobbism

B.steals

C.genius

D.divines

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.step

B.press

C.cornerstone

D.episode

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.restraining

B.upstanding

C.demanding

D.remaining

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.believe

B.thought

C.entrust

D.perception

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.deep

B.hovering

C.shadow

D.paraffined

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.disturbedin

B.breakingup

C.interruption

D.breakingthrough

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.perspective

B.inrespectsof

C.infieldsof

D.aspectsof

問題16選項(xiàng)

A.glide

B.slide

C.corroded

D.crush

問題17選項(xiàng)

A.nootherthan

B.nothingbut

C.thereafter

D.withstanding

問題18選項(xiàng)

A.coloroffox

B.foxcolor

C.colorlikefox

D.fox-colored

問題19選項(xiàng)

A.patriot

B.coregency

C.knight

D.armor

問題20選項(xiàng)

A.extravagation

B.expenditure

C.expectation

D.expansion

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

第6題:B

第7題:A

第8題:C

第9題:D

第10題:A

第11題:D

第12題:B

第13題:A

第14題:D

第15題:C

第16題:A

第17題:B

第18題:D

第19題:C

第20題:D

【解析】（1）考查名詞辨析shower“陣雨”；pitfall“陷阱；誘惑”；blizzard“暴風(fēng)雪”；rainstorm“暴風(fēng)雨”。由空格后inthespring與sitlongatatime可知D項(xiàng)符合題意。答案D。

（2）考查形容詞詞義辨析。由空格后“yourfootsinkingintothemandpressingthewateroutasfromasponge”“你的腳陷進(jìn)去，像海綿一樣把水?dāng)D出來”可知本句指代“石蕊屬地衣因水分而變得膨脹”，swollen“膨脹的”；springe“用圈套捕捉”；winded“喘氣的；通風(fēng)的”；swab“打掃，擦拭”；故A項(xiàng)正確。答案A。

（3）考查形容詞詞義辨析。由“…alsoaredrinkingitin”“也在吸水”可知C項(xiàng)sandyplaces符合題意。sunny“陽光充足的”；saggy“下垂的；松懈的”；sandy“沙地的，多沙子的”；faddy“流行的”。答案C。

（4）考查副詞詞義辨析。由“inabeadedcoat,wettotheskinofyourlegs穿著一件帶水珠的外套，雨水滲透到自己雙腳的皮膚”可知這里指代“（視覺）模糊地漫步”B項(xiàng)符合題意。absolutely“絕對(duì)地”；indefinitely“不確定地，模糊地”；consequently“因此”；magnificently“壯麗地，壯觀地”。答案B。

（5）考查名詞詞義辨析。由空格后“migratingsparrowsflittingamidtheshruboaks”遷徙的麻雀在灌木橡樹間飛來飛去和“haveyourthoughts”有了自己的想法，可知“口齒不清的發(fā)音”更符合語境。vibration“振動(dòng)；murmuring“輕微連續(xù)的聲音”；uproar“騷動(dòng)；喧囂”；lisping“口齒不清的發(fā)音，咬舌的”，答案D。

（6）考查名詞詞義辨析。由suggestingfairerweatherthanwaseverseen預(yù)示著比以往任何時(shí)候都要晴朗的天氣可知空格處指代“天氣”，答案B。

（7）考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。由“Youcouldhugtheclods你可能擁抱土塊”可知“弄臟”符合語境，defile“污損，染污”；devein“除去（蝦）背部的黑色靜脈，去腸”；doxastic“信念的”；granulate成粒狀；使表面粗糙”。答案A。

（8）考查詞組辨析。由“Thepartofyouthatiswettestisfullestoflife你最濕的部分最有生機(jī)”與“thelichens這些地衣（即吸水而膨脹的地衣）”可知“如同”符合語境，故C項(xiàng)正確。答案C。

（9）考查名詞詞義辨析。由“immortality”與“Youceasetodie”可推知“神學(xué)家”符合語境，snobbism“勢(shì)利”；steal“偷竊；斷球”；genius“天才;天賦”；divine“牧師；神學(xué)家”。答案D。

（10）考查名詞詞義辨析。由“asIsaunteralongbythewalleastoftheHill當(dāng)我沿著小山東邊的墻壁溜達(dá)時(shí)”可知“腳步”符合語境。step“步驟；步伐”；press“壓；出版社”；cornerstone“基礎(chǔ)；地基”；episode“插曲；一段情節(jié)”，答案A

（11）考查形容詞詞義辨析。由Andthentheraincomesthickerandfasterthanbefore“然后雨比以前下得更大更快”與thawing“融合”可知“剩下的”符合語境，restraining“抑制的”；upstanding“正直的；直立的”；demanding“苛求的；費(fèi)力的”；remaining“剩下的”。答案D

（12）考查近義詞辨析。由contented“滿足的”可知thought“想法”符合語境，故B項(xiàng)正確。believe“相信；認(rèn)為”；thought“思想；思考；關(guān)心”;entrust“v.委托；信托”；perception“知覺；感覺；看法”。答案B。

（13）考查形容詞和動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。由sinking與intothethawingearth進(jìn)入融化的泥土中可知deep“深深地”符合語境。deep“深入地；深深地”；hover“徘徊；猶豫”；shadow“遮蔽；使朦朧”；paraffin“用石蠟處理”。答案A。

（14）考查詞組辨析。disturbin“（在某方面）打擾”；breakup“打碎；結(jié)束；解散”；interruption“中斷；干擾”；breakthrough“突破；沖破”。由第33題的分析“每一個(gè)腳步都深深地沉入到正融化的泥土中”與thegrayrottingice可知“突破”更符合語境，答案D

（15）考查詞組辨析。由第一段末句中intheoldrye-field可知C項(xiàng)“infieldsof”正確。perspective“觀點(diǎn)；遠(yuǎn)景”；inrespectsof“關(guān)于；涉及”；aspectsof“······的方面”。答案C。

（16）考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。由alongthedistantwoodsides沿著遠(yuǎn)處的樹林的邊緣”可知“滑行”符合語境。glide“滑翔；消逝”；slide“滑動(dòng)”；corrode“侵蝕；損害”；crush“壓碎；弄皺”。答案A。

（17）考查詞組辨析。nootherthan“只有；就是”；thereafter“其后；從那時(shí)以后”；withstanding“抵擋；禁得起；反抗”。由hearingnothingbutmusic可知B項(xiàng)“nothingbut只有”正確。答案B。

（18）考查形近詞詞義辨析。由“fox-coloredsparrows狐色雀鹀”可知D項(xiàng)正確。答案D。

（19）考查名詞詞義辨析。由Youcannotgohomeyet;youstayandsitintherain.和acourageous可知“騎士”符合語境，故C項(xiàng)正確。patriot“愛國者”；coregency“共同攝政”；knight“騎士，爵士”；armor“裝甲”答案C。

（20）考查名詞詞義辨析。由文章主題“春天的一場(chǎng)暴風(fēng)雨讓作者經(jīng)歷了不同的視覺和心理感覺”可知D選項(xiàng)更符合語境，故D項(xiàng)正確。extravagation“游蕩，漫游”；expenditure“支出；消費(fèi)額”；expectation“期待；指望”；expansion“膨脹”。答案D。

8.單選題

Giventhelackoffitbetweengiftedstudentsandtheirschools,itisnotsurprisingthatsuchstudentsoftenhavelittlegoodtosayabouttheirschoolexperience.Inonestudyof400adultswhohadachieveddistinctioninallareasoflife,researchersfoundthatthree-fifthsoftheseindividualseitherdidbadlyinschoolorwereunhappyinschool.FewMacArthurPrizefellows,winnersoftheMacArthurAwardforcreativeaccomplishment,hadgoodthingstosayabouttheirpre-collegiateschoolingiftheyhadnotbeenplacedinadvancedprograms.Anecdotal(名人軼事)reportssupportthis.PabloPicasso,CharlesDarwin,MarkTwain,OliverGoldsmith,andWilliamButlerYeatsalldislikedschool.SodidWinstonChurchill,whoalmostfailedoutofHarrow,aneliteBritishschool.AboutOliverGoldsmith,oneofhisteachersremarked,“Neverwassodullaboy.”O(jiān)ftenthesechildrenrealizethattheyknowmorethantheirteachers,andtheirteachersoftenfeelthatthesechildrenarearrogant,inattentive,orunmotivated.

Someofthesegiftedpeoplemayhavedonepoorlyinschoolbecausetheirgiftswerenotscholastic.MaybewecanaccountforPicassointhisway.Butmostfaredpoorlyinschoolnotbecausetheylackedabilitybutbecausetheyfoundschoolunchallengingandconsequentlylostinterest.Yeatsdescribedthelackoffitbetweenhismindandschool:“BecauseIhadfounditdifficulttoattendtoanythinglessinterestingthanmyownthoughts,Iwasdifficulttoteach.”Asnotedearlier,giftedchildrenofallkindstendtobestrong-willednonconformists.Nonconformityandstubbornness(andYeats’slevelofarroganceandself-absorption)arelikelytoleadtoConflictswithteachers.

Whenhighlygiftedstudentsinanydomaintalkaboutwhatwasimportanttothedevelopmentoftheirabilities,theyarefarmorelikelytomentiontheirfamiliesthantheirschoolsorteachers.Awritingprodigy(神童)studiedbyDavidFeldmanandLynnGoldsmithwastaughtfarmoreaboutwritingbyhisjournalistfatherthanhisEnglishteacher.High-IQchildren,inAustraliastudiedbyMiracaGrosshadmuchmorepositivefeelingsabouttheirfamiliesthantheirschools.AbouthalfofthemathematiciansstudiedbyBenjaminBloomhadlittlegoodtosayaboutschool.Theyalldidwellinschoolandtookhonorsclasseswhenavailable,andsomeskippedgrades.

1.Themainpointtheauthorismakingaboutschoolsis