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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-成都工業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買!第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Definitionsof“culture”aremultiple,broad,andnotablyambiguous.Whilethereisnoagreed-upondefinitionofculture,theclassicdefinitionbyE.B.Tylorin1871iswidelycited:“culture...isthatcomplexwholewhichincludesknowledge,belief,art,morals,law,customandanyothercapabilitiesandhabitsacquiredbymanasamemberofsociety.”Mostdefinitionsofcultureemphasizethatitiscomplexanddynamic,comprisedofthesharedsolutionstoproblemsfacedbythegroup.Thesesolutionsincludetechnologies,beliefs,andbehaviors.

Culturedoesnotdeterminebehavior,butaffordsgroupmembersarepertoireofideasandpossibleactions,providingtheframeworkthroughwhichtheyunderstandthemselves,theirenvironment,andtheirexperiences.Cultureisacomplexsetofrelationships,responses,andinterpretationsthatmustbeunderstood,notasabodyofdiscretetraits,butasanintegratedsystemoforientationsandpracticesgeneratedwithinaspecificsocioeconomiccontext.Cultureiseverchangingandalwaysbeingrevisedwithinthedynamiccontextofitsenactment.

Cultureisneitherablueprintnoranidentity;individualschoosebetweenvariousculturaloptions,andinourmulticulturalsociety,manytimeschoosewidelybetweentheoptionsofferedbyavarietyofculturaltraditions.Itisnotpossibletopredictthebeliefsandbehaviorsofindividualsbasedontheirrace,ethnicity,ornationalorigin.Individuals’groupmembershipcannotbeassumedtoindicatetheirculturebecausethosewhoshareagrouplabelmayvariouslyenactculture.

Initszealtoencouragerespectforculturaldifferences,theculturalcompetencymovementhassometimeslostsightoftheseimportantfeaturesoftheconceptofculture.Insteadithastoooftenrepresentedcultureasadecontextualizedsetoftraitsprovidingatemplatefortheperceptionsandbehaviorsofgroupmembers.Aburgeoningliteratureonculturaldiversitypresentsthereaderwithveritablelaundrylistsoftraditionalbeliefsandpracticesostensiblycharacteristicofparticularethnicgroups.Thisapproachencouragesthequestionablenotionthatimmigrantsandcertainethnicandracialminoritiesareparticularlydrivenbytraditionalism.Theemphasisinthisgenreisondifference,pittingtheexoticandesotericagainstmainstreamorconventionalbeliefsthatremainunnamedandunexplored.

Themisconception,commoninclinicalsettings,thatculturecanbeunderstoodasasetofdiscretetraits,hasledsomemistakenlytotreatcultureasanexplanatoryvariable,subjecttopredictionandcontrol.Insuchapplications,specificethnicculturesarerepresentedasacodifiedbodyofcharacteristicsthatcanbeidentifiedandtheneithermodifiedormanipulatedtofacilitateclinicalgoals.

Paradoxically,insuchapproaches,whatoriginatedinadesiretopromoterespectforindividualdifferencesmayinsteadpromotestereotypingandessentializing.Thisprocessofreifyingpresumeddifferencemayhavetheunintendedconsequenceofbolsteringasenseofgroupboundaries.Itmayalsoreinforcethebeliefthatculturecanbediagnosedandtreated,thatexoticorunfamiliarbeliefsandbehaviorsofmembersofalreadydisempoweredsubgroupsshouldbecontrolledandadjustedtoresemblenormsofthedominantgroup.

1.WhichstatementisNOTtrueaccordingtothispassage?

2.Cultureisnotanidentitybecauseculture().

3.Emphasizingculturaldifferencestoomuchwould().

4.Whichofthefollowingistheauthor’sviewpoint?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Definitionsofcultureareusuallydifficult,variedandambiguous.

B.Thereisnoagreed-upondefinitionofculturesofar.

C.Thereisnocommongroundindifferentdefinitionsofculture.

D.Mostdefinitionsofcultureemphasizethatitiscomplexanddynamic.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.doesdeterminebehavior

B.doesnotprovidepossibleactions

C.canpredictthebeliefsandbehaviorsofindividuals

D.isoptionalandeverchangingwithinthedynamiccontext

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.helpgraspthemostimportantfeaturesoftheconceptofculture

B.treatcultureasacontextualizedsetoftraits

C.respectthetraditionsofimmigrantsandcertainethnicandracialminorities

D.leadtoregardingtheexoticandesotericagainstmainstreamorconventionalbeliefs

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Culturecanbeunderstoodnotasasetofdiscretetraitsbutasanintegratedsystemoforientationsandpracticesgeneratedwithinaspecificsocioeconomiccontext.

B.Culturecanbetreatedasanexplanatoryvariable,subjecttopredictionandcontrol.

C.Culturecanberepresentedasacodifiedbodyofcharacteristicsthatcanbeidentifiedandtheneithermodifiedormanipulated.

D.Culturecanbediagnosedandtreatedandtheexoticorunfamiliarbeliefsandbehaviorsshouldbecontrolledandadjustedtoresemblenormsofthedominantgroup.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:A

【解析】第1題:1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

1.WhichstatementisNOTtrueaccordingtothispassage?1.根據(jù)這篇文章,哪個(gè)陳述是不正確的?

A.Definitionsofcultureareusuallydifficult,variedandambiguous.A.對(duì)文化的定義通常是困難的、多樣的和模棱兩可的。

B.Thereisnoagreed-upondefinitionofculturesofar.B.到目前為止,對(duì)文化還沒有統(tǒng)一的定義。

C.Thereisnocommongroundindifferentdefinitionsofculture.C.文化的不同定義是沒有共同點(diǎn)的。

D.Mostdefinitionsofcultureemphasizethatitiscomplexanddynamic.D.大多數(shù)對(duì)文化的定義都強(qiáng)調(diào)文化是復(fù)雜和動(dòng)態(tài)的。

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)原文第一段第三句“大多數(shù)對(duì)文化的定義都強(qiáng)調(diào)……(Mostdefinitionsofcultureemphasizethat...)”,可知,大多數(shù)文化的定義是有共同點(diǎn)的,C項(xiàng)“文化的不同定義是沒有共同點(diǎn)的”與原文相反。故該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“對(duì)文化的定義通常是困難的、多樣的和模棱兩可的”,原文第一段第一句提到“文化的定義是多種多樣的、廣泛的,而且明顯含糊不清的”,可知該項(xiàng)正確,屬于反向干擾;

B項(xiàng)“到目前為止,對(duì)文化還沒有統(tǒng)一的定義”,原文第一段第二句提到“雖然對(duì)文化沒有公認(rèn)的定義……”,可知該項(xiàng)正確,屬于反向干擾;

D項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)對(duì)文化的定義都強(qiáng)調(diào)文化是復(fù)雜和動(dòng)態(tài)的”,原文第一段倒數(shù)第二句提到“大多數(shù)對(duì)文化的定義都強(qiáng)調(diào)文化是復(fù)雜的、動(dòng)態(tài)的……”,可知該項(xiàng)正確,屬于反向干擾。

第2題:2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

2.Cultureisnotanidentitybecauseculture______.2.文化不是一種身份因?yàn)槲幕痏_____。

A.doesdeterminebehaviorA.決定行為

B.doesnotprovidepossibleactionsB.不提供可能的行動(dòng)

C.canpredictthebeliefsandbehaviorsofindividualsC.能預(yù)測(cè)個(gè)人的信念和行為

D.isoptionalandeverchangingwithinthedynamiccontextD.是可選的并且在動(dòng)態(tài)環(huán)境中不斷變化

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第二段最后一句“文化是不斷變化的,而且在不斷變化的實(shí)施環(huán)境中修訂”,可知文化不是一種身份是因?yàn)樗粩嘧兓?,且在?dòng)態(tài)環(huán)境中不斷改變,D項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“決定行為”,原文第二段第一句提到“文化并不決定行為,但為群體成員提供了一系列想法和可能的行動(dòng)……”,該項(xiàng)與原文相反,屬于反向干擾;

B項(xiàng)“不提供可能的行動(dòng)”,原文第二段第一句提到“文化并不決定行為,但為群體成員提供了一系列想法和可能的行動(dòng)……”,該項(xiàng)與原文相反,屬于反向干擾;

C項(xiàng)“能預(yù)測(cè)個(gè)人的信念和行為”,原文第三段第二句提到“根據(jù)個(gè)人的種族、民族或國(guó)籍來預(yù)測(cè)他們的信仰和行為是不可能的”,該項(xiàng)與原文相反,屬于反向干擾。

第3題:3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

3.Emphasizingculturaldifferencestoomuchwould______.3.過分強(qiáng)調(diào)文化差異會(huì)______。

A.helpgraspthemostimportantfeaturesoftheconceptofcultureA.幫助掌握文化概念的最重要特征

B.treatcultureasacontextualizedsetoftraitsB.將文化視為一組背景化的特征

C.respectthetraditionsofimmigrantsandcertainethnicandracialminoritiesC.尊重移民和某些少數(shù)民族的傳統(tǒng)

D.leadtoregardingtheexoticandesotericagainstmainstreamorconventionalbeliefsD.導(dǎo)致將異域的和深?yuàn)W的與主流或傳統(tǒng)信仰對(duì)立起來

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第四段最后一句“這一流派的重點(diǎn)在于差異,將外來的深?yuàn)W的東西與主流的或傳統(tǒng)的信仰對(duì)立起來,而這些信仰仍然是無名的和未被探索的”,可知過分強(qiáng)調(diào)文化差異會(huì)導(dǎo)致外來的深?yuàn)W的東西與主流的或傳統(tǒng)的信仰對(duì)立起來,D項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“幫助掌握文化概念的最重要特征”,根據(jù)第四段第一句“在積極鼓勵(lì)尊重文化差異的過程中,文化能力運(yùn)動(dòng)有時(shí)忽視了文化概念的這些重要特征”,可知該項(xiàng)與原文相反,反向干擾;

B項(xiàng)“將文化視為一組背景化的特征”,根據(jù)第四段第二句“文化素質(zhì)運(yùn)動(dòng)將文化視為脫離語(yǔ)境的一系列特征”,可知該項(xiàng)與原文不符合,曲解原文;

C項(xiàng)“尊重移民和某些少數(shù)民族的傳統(tǒng)”在原文并未提及,無中生有。

第4題:4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

4.Whichofthefollowingistheauthor’sviewpoint?4.以下哪項(xiàng)是作者的觀點(diǎn)?

A.Culturecanbeunderstoodnotasasetofdiscretetraitsbutasanintegratedsystemoforientationsandpracticesgeneratedwithinaspecificsocioeconomiccontext.A.文化不能被理解為一組離散的特征,而是在特定的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)背景下產(chǎn)生的方向和實(shí)踐的綜合系統(tǒng)。

B.Culturecanbetreatedasanexplanatoryvariable,subjecttopredictionandcontrol.B.文化可以作為一個(gè)解釋變量,受預(yù)測(cè)和控制。

C.Culturecanberepresentedasacodifiedbodyofcharacteristicsthatcanbeidentifiedandtheneithermodifiedormanipulated.C.文化可以表現(xiàn)為一種可識(shí)別、可修改或可操縱的特征的編纂體。

D.Culturecanbediagnosedandtreatedandtheexoticorunfamiliarbeliefsandbehaviorsshouldbecontrolledandadjustedtoresemblenormsofthedominantgroup.D.文化可以被診斷和治療,外來的或不熟悉的信仰和行為應(yīng)該被控制和調(diào)整,以符合占主導(dǎo)地位群體的規(guī)范。

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第二段第二句“文化是一組復(fù)雜的關(guān)系、反應(yīng)和解讀,它必須被理解,不是作為一系列互不關(guān)聯(lián)的特征,而是作為一個(gè)在特定社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境中產(chǎn)生的具有導(dǎo)向性和實(shí)踐性的綜合系統(tǒng)”,可知,文化是在特定的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境中產(chǎn)生的具有導(dǎo)向性和實(shí)踐性的綜合系統(tǒng),要被理解為是一組復(fù)雜的關(guān)系反應(yīng)和解讀,A項(xiàng)“文化不能被理解為一組離散的特征,而是在特定的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)背景下產(chǎn)生的方向和實(shí)踐的綜合系統(tǒng)”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B項(xiàng)“文化可以作為一個(gè)解釋變量,受預(yù)測(cè)和控制”,第五段第一句提到“在臨床環(huán)境中常見的誤解是,文化可以被理解為一組離散的特征,這導(dǎo)致一些人錯(cuò)誤地將文化視為一個(gè)解釋性變量,受預(yù)測(cè)和控制”,從中可知,認(rèn)為文化可以作為一個(gè)解釋變量,受預(yù)測(cè)和控制是錯(cuò)誤的,該項(xiàng)反向干擾;

C項(xiàng)“文化可以表現(xiàn)為一種可識(shí)別、可修改或可操縱的特征的編纂體”是原文第五段的內(nèi)容,也屬于誤解,而不是作者的觀點(diǎn),該項(xiàng)反向干擾;

D項(xiàng)“文化可以被診斷和治療,外來的或不熟悉的信仰和行為應(yīng)該被控制和調(diào)整,以符合占主導(dǎo)地位群體的規(guī)范”在第六段有提到,而第六段開頭提到一個(gè)Paradoxically(矛盾地),說明作者不支持這樣的做法,該項(xiàng)也屬于反向干擾。

2.單選題

OurculturehascausedmostAmericanstoassumenotonlythatourlanguageisuniversalbutthatthegesturesweuseareunderstoodbyeveryone.Wedonotrealizethatwavinggood-byeisthewaytosummonapersonfromthePhilippinestoone’sside,orthatinItalyandsomeLatin-Americancountries,curlingthefingertooneselfisasignoffarewell.

ThoseprivatecitizenswhosentpackagestoourtroopsoccupyingGermanyafterWorldWarIIandmarkedthemGIFTtoescapedutypaymentsdidnotbothertofindoutthat"Gift"meanspoisoninGerman.Moreover,weliketothinkofourselvesasfriendly,yetweprefertobeatleast3feetoranarm’slengthawayfromothers,LatinsandMiddleEasternersliketocomecloserandtouch,whichmakesAmericansuncomfortable.

Ourlinguisticandculturalblindnessandthecasualnesswithwhichwetakenoticeofthedevelopedtastes,gestures,customsandlanguagesofothercountries,arelosingusfriends,businessandrespectintheworld.

EvenhereintheUnitedStates,wemakefewconcessionstotheneedsofforeignvisitors.Therearenoinformationsignsinfourlanguagesonourpublic:buildingsormonuments,wedonothavemultilingualwaitersbankclerksandpolicemenarerare.OurtransportationsystemshavemapsinEnglishonlyandoftenweourselveshavedifficultyunderstandingthem.

Whenwegoabroad,wetendtoclusterinhotelsandrestaurantswhereEnglishisspoken.The,attitudesandinformationwepickupareconditionedbythosenatives-usuallythericher-whospeakEnglish.Ourbusinessdealings,aswellasthenation'sdiplomacy,areconductedthroughinterpreters.

Formanyyears,AmericaandAmericanscouldgetbywithculturalblindnessandlinguisticignorance.Afterall,Americawasthemostpowerfulcountryofthefreeworld,thedistributorofneededfundsandgoods.

Butallthatispast.Americandollarsnolongerbuyallgoodthings,andweare,slowlybeginningtorealizethatourproperroleintheworldischanging.A1979Harrispollreportedthat55percentofAmericanswantthiscountrytoplayamoresignificantroleinworldaffairs;wewanttohaveahandintheimportantdecisionsofthenextcentury,eventhoughitmaynotalwaysbetheupperhand.

1.ItcanbeinferredthatAmericansbeingapproachedtoocloselybyMiddleEasternerswouldmostprobably(

).

2.TheauthorgivesmanyexamplestocriticizeAmericansfortheir(

).

3.Americanpeopleignoreculturaldifferencesinothercountriesbecause(

).

4.Accordingtotheauthor,Americanscultureblindnessandlinguisticignorancewill(

).

5.Theauthor’sintentioninwritingthisarticleistomakeAmericansrealizethat(

).

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.standstill

B.stepforward

C.jumpaside

D.drawback

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.culturalself-centeredness

B.indifferencetowardsforeignaffairs

C.casualmanners

D.arrogancetowardsothercultures

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theycanafforditwithpowerfuleconomyandgreatwealth

B.theyareaggressivebynatureandproudoftheirownculture

C.peopleinotherculturesrespecttheAmericanculture

D.peopleinotherculturesareparticularlytolerant

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.affecttheirimageinthenewera

B.cutthemselvesofffromtheoutsideworld

C.limittheirroleinworldaffairs

D.weakenthepositionoftheUSdollars

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.itisdangeroustoignoretheirforeignfriends

B.itisimportanttomaintaintheirleadingroleinworldaffairs

C.itisnecessarytouseseverallanguagesinpublicplaces

D.itistimetogetacquaintedwithothercultures

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.文章第二段LatinsandMiddleEasternersliketocomecloserandtouch,whichmakesAmericansuncomfortable提到拉丁裔人和中東人喜歡靠得更近并且彼此接觸,這讓美國(guó)人感到不舒服,因此可以推測(cè),當(dāng)美國(guó)人遇上中東人這種靠近的行為會(huì)后退。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.standstill“站著不動(dòng),靜止不動(dòng)”;stepforward“走出,向前進(jìn)”;jumpaside“閃開”;drawback“后退”。文章中的例子主要是用來批判美國(guó)人對(duì)自己文化的過分自信,而對(duì)他國(guó)文化的忽視(linguisticandculturalblindnessandthecasualness)。選項(xiàng)A中的“文化自我中心”符合題意。

3.文章第六段Formanyyears,AmericaandAmericanscouldgetbywithculturalblindnessandlinguisticignorance.Afterall,Americawasthemostpowerfulcountryofthefreeworld,thedistributorofneededfundsandgoods.提到美國(guó)和美國(guó)人的文化愚昧和語(yǔ)言無知能夠維系是因?yàn)槊绹?guó)是世界上最強(qiáng)的國(guó)家,是資金和物資的提供者。由此可知,美國(guó)人之所以這樣文化自信,忽略他國(guó)文化,是因?yàn)楸緡?guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力足夠強(qiáng)大。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

4.文章第三段Ourlinguisticandculturalblindnessandthecasualnesswithwhichwetakenoticeofthedevelopedtastes,gestures,customsandlanguagesofothercountries,arelosingusfriends,businessandrespectintheworld提到由于語(yǔ)言和文化的無知和看到他國(guó)的品味、姿勢(shì)、習(xí)俗和語(yǔ)言等的態(tài)度,使得美國(guó)正在世界中失去朋友、生意和尊重。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

5.文章提到了美國(guó)對(duì)他國(guó)文化的盲目和無知導(dǎo)致他們會(huì)在生活上失去伙伴,會(huì)影響美國(guó)在世界事務(wù)中的地位,因此,熟悉他國(guó)的文化非常有必要。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.單選題

HowmuchRobertSmith(

),thegoalstayedunattained,buthestillwouldn'tgiveup.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inspired

B.endeavored

C.distressed

D.confused

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。inspire意為“激勵(lì),鼓舞”;endeavor意為“努力,盡力,試圖”;distress意為“使悲傷,使苦惱”;confuse意為“使糊涂,使迷惑”。

句意:不管羅伯特?史密斯如何努力,他還是沒有達(dá)到目標(biāo),但他還是不肯放棄。

4.單選題

TherewasonethingthatshockedmeabouttheQueenwhenhewalkedintotheroomwithMrs.Obama,namelyherheight;theBritishmonarchisonly163cmtall,muchshorterthanIhadimagined.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.shockedmeabout

B.whenhewalkedintothe

C.namely

D.hadimagined.

E.沒有問題

【答案】B

【解析】人稱代詞誤用。he改為she。句中queen(女王)指的是女性。

5.單選題

Youneverseehim,butthey’rewithyoueverytimeyoufly.Theyrecordwhereyouaregoing,howfastyou’retravelingandwhethereverythingonyourairplaneisfunctioningnormally.Theirabilitytowithstandalmostanydisastermakesthemseemlikesomethingoutofacomicbook.They'reknownastheblackbox.

Whenplanesfallfromthesky,asaYemeniairlinerdidonitswaytoComorosIslandsintheIndiaoceanJune30,2009,theblackboxisthebestbetforidentifyingwhatwentwrong.SowhenaFrenchsubmarinedetecteddevice’shomingsignalfivedayslater,thediscoverymarkedahugesteptowarddeterminingthecauseofatragedyinwhich152passengerswerekilled.

In1958,AustralianscientistDavidWarrendevelopedaflight-memoryrecorderthatwouldtrackbasicinformationlikealtitudeanddirection.Thatwasthefirstmodeforablackbox,whichbecamearequirementonallU.S.commercialflightsby1960.Earlymodelsoftenfailedtowithstandcrashes,however,soin1965theboxwascompletelyredesignedandmovedtothebackoftheplane-thearealeastaffectedbyimpact-fromitsoriginalpositioninthelandingwells(起落架艙).Thesameyear,theFederalAviationAuthorityrequiredthattheboxes,whichwereneveractuallyblack,bepaintedorangeoryellowtobediscoveredmoreeasily.

Modemairplaneshavetwoblackboxes:avoicerecorder,whichtrackspilots’conversations,andaflight-datarecorder,whichmonitorsfuellevels,enginenoisesandotheroperatingfunctionsthathelpinvestigatorsreconstructtheaircraft’sfinalmoments.Placedinaninsulatedcaseandsurroundedbyaquarter-inch-thickpanelsofstainlesssteel,theboxescanwithstandmassiveforceandtemperaturesupto2,000'F.Whensubmerged,they’realsoabletoemitsignalsfromdepthsof20,000ft.ExpertsbelievetheboxesfromAirFranceFlight447,whichcrashednearBrazilonJune1.2009,areinwaternearlythatdeep,butstatisticssaythey'restilllikelytoturnup.Intheapproximately20deep-seacrashesoverthepast30years,onlyoneplane’sblackboxeswereneverrecovered.

1.Whatdoestheauthorsayabouttheblackbox?

2.WhatinformationcouldbefoundfromtheblackboxontheYemeniairliner?

3.Whywastheblackboxredesignedin1965?

4.WhydidtheFederalAviationAuthorityrequiretheblackboxesbepaintedorangeoryellow?

5.WhatdoweknowabouttheblackboxesfromAirFranceFlight447?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Itensuresthenormalfunctioningofanairplane.

B.Theideaforitsdesigncomesfromacomicbook.

C.Itsabilitytowardoffdisasterisincredible.

D.Itisanindispensabledeviceonanairplane.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Dataforanalyzingthecauseofthecrash.

B.Thetotalnumberofpassengersonboard.

C.Thesceneofthecrashandextentofthedamage.

D.Homingsignalssentbythepilotbeforethecrash.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Newmaterialsbecameavailablebythattime.

B.Toomuchspacewasneededforitsinstallation.

C.Theearlymodelsoftengotdamagedinthecrash.

D.Theearlymodelsdidn’tprovidetheneededdata.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Todistinguishthemfromthecolouroftheplane.

B.Tocautionpeopletohandlethemwithcare.

C.Tomakethemeasilyidentifiable.

D.Toconformtointernationalstandards.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Thereisstillagoodchanceoftheirbeingrecovered.

B.Thereisanurgentneedforthemtobereconstructed

C.Theyhavestoppedsendinghorningsignals.

D.TheyweredestroyedsomewherenearBrazil

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段…whethereverythingonyourairplaneisfunctioningnormally.確定A選項(xiàng)正確。選項(xiàng)B設(shè)計(jì)理念來自漫畫書。與原文不符。根據(jù)第一段Theirabilitytowithstandalmostanydisaster...沒有提到incredible這個(gè)詞,確定C選項(xiàng)不正確。D選項(xiàng)在文中未提及。所以A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.根據(jù)第二段:...thediscoverymarkedahugesteptowarddeterminingthecauseofatragedy...:這一發(fā)現(xiàn)為查找失事原因邁進(jìn)了一步。由此推斷A選項(xiàng)分析失事原因的數(shù)據(jù)。B選項(xiàng)機(jī)上共有多少名乘客,這一數(shù)字是在飛機(jī)起飛前就確定的。C選項(xiàng)失事場(chǎng)景以及損毀范圍。與原文不符。D選項(xiàng)飛機(jī)失事前,飛行員發(fā)出的歸航信號(hào)。這一信號(hào)是黑匣子發(fā)出來的,與原文不符。所以A選項(xiàng)正確。

3.根據(jù)第三段:Earlymodelsoftenfailedtowithstandcrashes...早期的模型沒有發(fā)揮避險(xiǎn)作用。確定C選項(xiàng)早期模型在飛機(jī)失事中被損壞正確。A選項(xiàng)在那時(shí)找到新的制作材料。原文未提及。B選項(xiàng)需要填充太多的空間。與原文不符。D選項(xiàng)早期的模型沒有提供必要的數(shù)據(jù)。與原文不符。所以C選項(xiàng)正確。

4.根據(jù)第三段:...bepaintedorangeoryellowtobediscoveredmoreeasily:涂上桔色或黃色的漆以便于發(fā)現(xiàn)。確定C選項(xiàng)使之更易辨認(rèn)正確。A:將其與飛機(jī)的顏色區(qū)分開。B選項(xiàng)警告人們要小心處置。D選項(xiàng)與國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)一致。原文都未提及。所以C選項(xiàng)正確。

5.根據(jù)最后一段:Whensubmerged,they'realsoabletoemitsignalsfromdepthsof20,000ft.當(dāng)黑匣子被潛入到20000ft深水中時(shí)也能發(fā)射出信號(hào)。ExpertsbelievetheboxesfromAirFranceFlight447...areinwaternearlythatdeep,butstatisticssaythey'restilllikelytoturnup.研究者相信法國(guó)447號(hào)飛行器潛入到水里大概就是這個(gè)深度,根據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué),他們?nèi)耘f可能出現(xiàn)。確定A選項(xiàng)它們被發(fā)現(xiàn)的可能性很大正確。B選項(xiàng)急需重新建造它們,與原文不符。C選項(xiàng)他們停止發(fā)送歸航信號(hào),原文未提及。D選項(xiàng)它們?cè)诎臀鞲浇程幈粨p壞,與原文不符。所以A選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

To()forhisunpleasantexperienceshedrankalittlemorethanwasgoodforhim.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.commence

B.compromise

C.compensate

D.compliment

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。commmence入手;compromise妥協(xié),折中;compensate賠償;,彌補(bǔ),抵消;compliment恭維,稱贊。由后半句他喝了過多的酒是來消除他不愉快的經(jīng)歷,借酒消愁。故C項(xiàng)正確。

7.寫作題

Thepassagecontainstenerrors.Eachindicatedlinecontainsamaximumofoneerror.Ineachcase,onlyonewordisinvolved.Youshouldproofreadthepassage,trytodetecttheerrorsandwritedownyourcorrectionsontheanswersheet.

【答案】1.【答案】which改為where

2.【答案】as改為than

3.【答案】So改為But

4.【答案】去掉about

5.【答案】you改為they

6.【答案】like改為as

7.【答案】takes改為gives

8.【答案】differ改為distinguish

9.【答案】others改為other

10.【答案】harmful改為harmless

【解析】1.【解題思路】分析句子可知,thereisalotoftalkaboutscience(有很多關(guān)于科學(xué)的討論)是做society的定語(yǔ),而society在從句中是作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),所以要把關(guān)系代詞which改為關(guān)系副詞where。

2.【解題思路】根據(jù)moreignorant(更無知)可知,此處是比較級(jí),而前后比較的是we和peoplewithcomparableeducation(受過類似教育的人),所以as要改為than。

3.【解題思路】前面說“很多孩子都知道怎么去組建電腦,用電腦寫程序”,后面卻說“如果要他們?nèi)ソ忉屛锢淼脑?,他們什么都不知道”,前后邏輯是轉(zhuǎn)折的關(guān)系,so表示因果,所以要把so改為but。

4.【解題思路】explain是及物動(dòng)詞,后面可以不用介詞直接跟物,所以要把a(bǔ)bout去掉。

5.【解題思路】這一句的句意是“但是如果你要他們?nèi)ソ忉屛锢淼脑?,他們一點(diǎn)都不知道”,主句的you應(yīng)該改為they。

6.【解題思路】該句句意是“對(duì)科學(xué)的不理解導(dǎo)致了像對(duì)人類創(chuàng)造力的忽視這樣的事情”,like表示舉例,但前面的such只與as連用,表示“比如,諸如”,所以把like改為as。

7.【解題思路】giveriseto是固定搭配,表示“引起,使產(chǎn)生”,所以要把takes改為gives。

8.【解題思路】differ只能和from或者with搭配使用,根據(jù)between可知,此處differ使用不當(dāng),而distinguish可以和between或者from搭配,所以把differ改為distinguish。

9.【解題思路】others指兩者及以上的人,該句是說“兩者是截然不同的,能夠勝任其中一項(xiàng)工作的人很少能夠勝任另外一個(gè)工作”,根據(jù)thetwo(兩者)可知此處others使用不當(dāng),所以要將others改為other,theother表示“另一個(gè)”。

10.【解題思路】該段第一句的句意是“科學(xué)本身或多或少是沒有害處的”,第二句用了but轉(zhuǎn)折,說明第二句與第一句有對(duì)比,第二句說“但一旦科學(xué)能提供技術(shù),它不一定是有害的”,這明顯與前句沒有構(gòu)成對(duì)比,第二句應(yīng)該是說“但一旦科學(xué)能提供技術(shù),它不一定是沒有害處的”,所以要將harmful改為harmless。

8.單選題

The()emphasisonexaminationsisbyfartheworstformofcompetitioninschools.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.negligent

B.edible

C.fabulous

D.disproportionate

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“疏忽的,粗心大意的”;B選項(xiàng)“可食用的”;C選項(xiàng)“驚人的,大量的”;D選項(xiàng)“不成比例的,太多的”,句意:()強(qiáng)調(diào)考試是目前學(xué)校中最糟糕的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)形式。而本題空格處講的應(yīng)該是過多地強(qiáng)調(diào)考試,因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

9.單選題

),Idonotlikehimasaman.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Iadmirehimasmuchasawriter

B.AsIadmirehimasawriter

C.MuchasIadmirehimasawriter

D.AsmuchIadmireasawriter

【答案】C

【解析】句意:盡管我欽佩他是一名作家,但是我卻不喜歡他這個(gè)人。

語(yǔ)法題??疾閍s引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。As引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句表示“盡管,即使”時(shí)要使用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu):副詞+as+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ),故選C。

10.單選題

TheEuropeanunion,inparticular,Germany,aresearchingopportunitiestohelpUkraine()itseconomy.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.spray

B.sponsor

C.stiffen

D.stabilize

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)spray表示“噴射”;B選項(xiàng)sponsor表示“贊助,發(fā)起”;C選項(xiàng)stiffen表示“變硬,變猛烈”;D選項(xiàng)stabilize表示“穩(wěn)固,安定”。由句意可知,歐盟,尤其是德國(guó),正在尋找機(jī)會(huì)幫助烏克蘭穩(wěn)定經(jīng)濟(jì)。因此,stabilize的詞義最符合句意,故本題正確答案為D選項(xiàng)。

11.單選題

AtthecloseoftheKyotoGlobal-WarmingTreatydiscussionheldinBonnlastweek,exhaustednegotiatorsfromnearlyeverycountryinearthhadreasontobeproud.Theyhaddonewhatnooneexpected—theyreachedabreakthroughagreementtolimitgreenhousegases.Duringtheconcludingremarks,aseachspeakerpraisedthenext,onlythechiefU.S.officialonthescenedrewanundiplomaticresponse.WhenPaulaDobrianskytoldthegatheringthattheBushAdministration“willnotabdicate(放棄)ourresponsibility”toaddressglobalwarming,thehallfilledwithboos.That’sbecausetheU.S.,theworld’slargestproducerofgreenhousegases,satonthesidelinesinBonn.

GeorgeW.Bushhasyettodecidewhat,ifanything,hewilldotocombatglobalwarming.ButhebelievestheKyototreatyisfatallyflawedbecauseitdoesn’trequiredevelopingcountriestolimittheirfossil-fueluseimmediately,asitdoesindustrializedcountries.SohekeepstheU.S.outofthediscussions.Indoingso,theAdministrationmayhavelostitslastopportunitytohelpshapetheinternationalresponsetotheproblem.AndBushmaybeindangeroflosingcontroloverclimateactiondomestically.Aftermonthsofinternaldebate,theAdministrationisstill“consulting”ontheissue.

ThatnoiseyouhearisCongressrushingtofilltheleadershipvacuum.Atleastsixclimateplanshavebeenproposedsofar.ThefirstissponsoredbyformerRepublican,nowIndependentSenatorJimJeffords,chairmanoftheSenateEnvironmentCommittee,whoproposestocutgreenhouse-gasemissionfrompowerplants.Congressionalactionthisweekwillcenteronreducingemissionbyraisingvehiclefuel-efficiencystandards,includingthoseforSUVs.IfSUVshadtomeetthesamestandardsascars—somethingMassachusettsRepresentativeEdMarkeywillproposethisweek—theycouldsaveconsumeranestimated$7billionatthepumpthisyearandcutgasolinedemandbytensofbillionsofgallonsover10years.

The“drillDetroit,notArctic”campaignwillfindsomesupportthisweekwhentheNationalAcademyofSciencesreleasesalong-awaitedstudy.Thereport,toned-downaftertheautoindustryprotestedthatraisingfuel-efficiencystandards,bymakingcarslighter,makesvehicleslesssafe,isstilllikelytoconcludethatfuelefficiencycanbeincreasedatleast25%withexistingtechnology.

Ifafuel-efficiencybillreacheshisdesk,Bushcouldbeinabind—caughtbetweenautolobbyists(hischiefstaffusedtobeone)andhisconcernforenergysecurity.Withnewtechnologyputtingimpressivefuelefficiencywithinreach,itwillbehardforhimtoopposemeasurethatcouldreducethenationalappetiteforforeignoilbymillionsofbarrelsayear.

1.Intheopeningparagraph,theauthorintroduceshistopicby____.

2.Thestatement“satonthesideline”(Paragraph1)means____.

3.BushkeepsU.S.outofthediscussionbecausehebelieves____.

4.TheNationalAcademyofSciencefoundinthestudythat____.

5.Whatcanwefindfromthelastparagraph?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.makingacomparison

B.justifyingasanassumption

C.posingacontrast

D.explainingaphenomenon

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.notsittingtogetherwiththerepresentativesfromothercountries

B.nottakingpartintheactivityeventhoughtheyshoulddo

C.notgettinginvolvedinthediscussion

D.notpayingattentiontotheinternationalaffair

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theindustrializedcountriesshouldnotshouldertheresponsibilityalone

B.developingcountriesfailtomeetthesamerequirement

C.theindustrialcountriesseemtosharemoreintacklingthisissue

D.thedevelopingcountriesshouldnotbeincluded

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.theautoindustryshouldnotraisethefuelefficiencystandards

B.thelightercarisnotsafeenough

C.theexistingtechnologycanincreasethefuelefficiency

D.thelighterthecaris,thelesssafetyitwillbe

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.NewtechnologycanhelpBushoutoftrouble.

B.Bushintendstostirthenationalappetiteforforeignoil.

C.AutolobbyistshavedifferentideasfromBush.

D.Bushfailstodealwiththesubtlesituation.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Intheopeningparagraph,theauthorintroduceshistopicby____.在文章首段,作者通過____引出話題。

A.makingacomparisonA.做比較

B.justifyingasanassumptionB.證明一個(gè)假設(shè)

C.posingacontrastC.設(shè)置對(duì)照

D.explainingaphenomenonD.解釋一個(gè)現(xiàn)象

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞theopeningparagraph定位到原文第一段,本段主要介紹了布什政府與不同國(guó)家的代表對(duì)《京都議定書》的不同反應(yīng)。根據(jù)本段第三句“在結(jié)束發(fā)言時(shí),每個(gè)發(fā)言者都對(duì)下一個(gè)發(fā)言者表示贊揚(yáng)(aseachspeakerpraisedthenext),只有在場(chǎng)的美國(guó)首席官員(onlythechiefU.S.official)做出了非外交式的回應(yīng)”,推測(cè),作者是將布什政府的反應(yīng)與其他國(guó)家的反應(yīng)進(jìn)行對(duì)照,引出后文關(guān)于美國(guó)情況的討論,C選項(xiàng)“設(shè)置對(duì)照”最符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“做比較”,是本題最大的干擾項(xiàng),但是“比較”主要是分析對(duì)象之間的異同,并且參與比較的對(duì)象是同樣重要的;而原文主要分析的是差異,并且更側(cè)重于布什政府的反應(yīng),該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文;

B選項(xiàng)“證明一個(gè)假設(shè)”,原文并未提出任何假設(shè),并對(duì)其進(jìn)行論證,該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有;

D選項(xiàng)“解釋一個(gè)現(xiàn)象”,原文并未對(duì)現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行解釋,該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有。

第2題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Thestatement“satonthesideline”(Paragraph1)means____.第一段“satonthesideline”的意思是____。

A.notsittingtogetherwiththerepresentativesfromothercountriesA.不和其他國(guó)家的代表坐在一起

B.nottakingpartintheactivityeventhoughtheyshoulddoB.即使應(yīng)該參與活動(dòng),也沒參與

C.notgettinginvolvedinthediscussionC.不參與討論

D.notpayingattentiontotheinternationalaffairD.不關(guān)注國(guó)際事務(wù)

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】詞匯推測(cè)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞satonthesideline和Paragraph1定位到原文第一段最后一句。該句提到“這是因?yàn)槊绹?guó),作為世界上最大的溫室氣體排放國(guó),在波恩的會(huì)議上____?!庇纱丝芍?,該短語(yǔ)指的是美國(guó)在波恩會(huì)議上的表現(xiàn)。根據(jù)前文“當(dāng)葆拉?多布里揚(yáng)斯基(PaulaDobriansky)在集會(huì)上說,布什政府‘不會(huì)放棄我們的責(zé)任’以解決全球變暖(addressglobalwarming),大廳充滿了噓聲(thehallfilledwithboos)?!庇纱丝芍?,與會(huì)代表們并不相信布什政府做出的承諾。美國(guó)作為世界上最大的溫室氣體排放國(guó),本應(yīng)該在討論氣候問題的波恩會(huì)議上積極作為,承擔(dān)責(zé)任,但是從其他代表的反應(yīng)來看,他們并沒有做到。因此,B選項(xiàng)“即使應(yīng)該參與活動(dòng),也沒參與”最符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“不和其他國(guó)家的代表坐在一起”,根據(jù)sat直譯出來的,但是不符合原文語(yǔ)境;

C選項(xiàng)“不參與討論”,只表達(dá)了部分意思,沒有B選項(xiàng)準(zhǔn)確,該選項(xiàng)屬于以偏概全;

D選項(xiàng)“不關(guān)注國(guó)際事務(wù)”,波恩大會(huì)主要討論的是氣候問題,“國(guó)際事務(wù)”的表述不準(zhǔn)確,該選項(xiàng)屬于過度推理。

第3題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

BushkeepsU.S.outofthediscussionbecausehebelieves____.布什把美國(guó)排除在討論之外,因?yàn)樗嘈臺(tái)___。

A.theindustrialize

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