考研考博-英語-云南財(cái)經(jīng)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-云南財(cái)經(jīng)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Onlyafterhehasacquiredconsiderablefacilityinspeaking（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thenhelearnsreadingandwriting

B.doeshelearntoreadandwrite

C.finallycomesreadingandwriting

D.hebegantoreadandtowrite

【答案】B

【解析】考查部分倒裝。Only+副詞/介詞短語/狀語從句位于句首時(shí)，主句要用部分倒裝。即需要將be動詞/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞放在主語前，句中的實(shí)義動詞位置不變。句意：他只有在獲得相當(dāng)多的說的能力之后，才學(xué)會讀和寫。AD選項(xiàng)都沒有使用倒裝，可以排除，C選項(xiàng)倒裝后句中缺少主語，故選B。

2.單選題

Wesincerelyhopeyouwillsoonbe（）tohealth.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.restored

B.recovered

C.returned

D.renewed

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。restore（to）“恢復(fù)，恢復(fù)成（某個(gè)樣子），及物動詞，多用于被動語態(tài)，強(qiáng)調(diào)用外力來恢復(fù)原狀”。句意：我們真誠地希望你們不久就能恢復(fù)健康。根據(jù)句意，A為正確答案。

3.單選題

Itgavemeastrangefeelingofexcitementtoseemynamein（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.news

B.print

C.publication

D.press

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。news意為“新聞，消息”；print意為“印刷業(yè)，印記”；publication意為“出版”；press意為“新聞，出版社”。inprint意為“印出來”。

句意：當(dāng)看到我的名字出現(xiàn)在出版物上時(shí)，我有一種奇怪的興奮感。

4.單選題

Duringthe1960’sand1970’s,theprimaryeconomicdevelopmentstrategyoflocalgovernmentsintheUnitedStateswastoattractmanufacturingindustries.Unfortunately,thisstrategywasusuallyimplementedatanothercommunity’sexpense:manymanufacturingfacilitieswereluredawayfromtheirmooringselsewherethroughtaxincentivesandslickpromotionalefforts.Throughthetransferofjobsandrelatedrevenuesthatresultedfromthispractice,onetown’striumphcouldbecomeanothertown’stragedy.

Inthe1980’sthestrategyshiftedfromthiszero-sumgametoonecalled“high-technologydevelopment,”inwhichlocalgovernmentscompetedtoattractnewlyformedhigh-technologymanufacturingfirms.Althoughthisapproachwaspreferabletovictimizingothergeographicalareasbytakingtheirjobs,italsohaditsshortcomings:high-techmanufacturingfirmsemployonlyaspeciallytrainedfractionofthemanufacturingworkforce,andtheresimplyarenotenoughhigh-techfirmstosatisfyallgeographicareas.

Recently,localgovernmentshaveincreasinglycometorecognizetheadvantagesofyetathirdstrategy:thepromotionofhomegrownsmallbusinesses.Smallindigenousbusinessesarecreatedbyanearlyubiquitousresource,localentrepreneurs,withrootsintheircommunities,theseindividualsarelesslikelytobeenticedawaybyincentivesofferedbyanothercommunity.Indigenousindustryandtalentarekeptathome,creatinganenvironmentthatbothprovidesjobsandfostersfurtherentrepreneurship.

1.ThepassagesuggestswhichofthefollowingaboutthemajorityofUnitedStatesmanufacturingindustriesbeforethehigh-technologydevelopmenteraofthe1980’s?

2.Thetoneofthepassagesuggeststhattheauthorismostoptimisticabouttheeconomicdevelopmentpotentialofwhichofthefollowinggroups?

3.Theauthorofthepassagementionswhichofthefollowingasanadvantageofhigh-technologydevelopment?

4.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theylostmanyoftheirmostinnovativepersonneltosmallentrepreneurialenterprises.

B.Theyexperiencedamajordeclineinprofitsduringthe1690’sand1970’s.

C.Theycouldproviderealeconomicbenefitstotheareasinwhichtheywerelocated.

D.Theyemployedworkerswhohadnospecializedskills.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Localgovernments

B.High-technologypromoters

C.Localentrepreneurs

D.Manufacturing-industrymanagers

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itencouragesthemodernizationofexistingmanufacturingfacilities.

B.Itdoesnotadvantageonelocalworkforceattheexpenseofanother.

C.Itencouragesthegrowthofrelatedindustries.

D.Ittakesfulladvantageoftheexistingworkforce.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Advocatemoreeffectivestrategiesforencouragingthedevelopmentofhigh—technologyenterprisesintheUnitedStates.

B.Contrasttheincentivesforeconomicdevelopmentofferedbylocalgovernmentswiththoseofferedbytheprivatesector.

C.Acknowledgeandcounteradversecriticismofprogramsbeingusedtostimulatelocaleconomicdevelopment.

D.Reviewandevaluatestrategiesandprogramsthathavebeenusedtostimulateeconomicdevelopment.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到第一段中“thisstrategywasusuallyimplementedatanothercommunity’sexpense這種策略通常是實(shí)現(xiàn)另一個(gè)社區(qū)的代價(jià),”以及“throughthetransferofjobsandrelatedrevenuesthatresultedfromthispractice,onetown’striumphcouldbecomeanothertown’stragedy通過這種做法帶來的就業(yè)和相關(guān)收入的轉(zhuǎn)移，一個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)的勝利可能成為另一個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)的悲劇”，可知，在八十年代以前，經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展都是本地化的，只能為自己所在的社區(qū)帶來經(jīng)濟(jì)利益。C項(xiàng)“它們可以為它們所處的地區(qū)提供真正的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益?！闭_。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到第二段“high-techmanufacturingfirmsemployonlyaspeciallytrainedfractionofthemanufacturingworkforce高科技制造企業(yè)只雇傭了一小部分受過專門訓(xùn)練的制造勞動力”，以及第三段“indigenousindustryandtalentarekeptathome,creatinganenvironmentthatbothprovidesjobsandfostersfurtherentrepreneurship本土產(chǎn)業(yè)和人才被留在國內(nèi)，創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)既提供就業(yè)又促進(jìn)進(jìn)一步創(chuàng)業(yè)的環(huán)境”。可知作者是對本土的企業(yè)持有比較樂觀的態(tài)度。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到第二段“thisapproachwaspreferabletovictimizingothergeographicalareasbytakingtheirjobs這種辦法比奪走其他地理地區(qū)的工作而使其受害要好”可知與B項(xiàng)“它不會犧牲一個(gè)當(dāng)?shù)貏趧恿Φ睦娑沽硪粋€(gè)勞動力受益。”相符。

4.主旨大意題。文章主要目的在于通過講解三種不同的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展策略，告訴讀者哪種發(fā)展策略優(yōu)勢比較明顯，同時(shí)三種發(fā)展策略對經(jīng)濟(jì)有哪些好的促進(jìn)作用。故D項(xiàng)“審查和評估用于刺激經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的戰(zhàn)略和方案?！狈项}意。

5.翻譯題

Directions:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

YourSmartphoneHasOfficiallyHijackedYourLife(46)It’stimeforyoutotakestepNo.1andacknowledgedthatthereisaproblemthatyouarepowerlesstoresolve—thatthemomentyouandyourdatefinishorderingdinneryoupulloutyoursmartphonesandstarttextingsoyoudon’thavetofacethepossibilityofsilence;thatyouhavecometobelievethatyoumore-or-lessactuallyhavereadWarandPeacebecauseyoureadtheplotsummaryonWikipedia;thatyoufindoutwhatyourkidisuptonotbytalkingtoherbutbymonitoringherFacebookpage;(47)thatatworkyousimplycannotgomorethan10minuteswithoutsurreptitiouslycheckingemailnomatterhowmuchelseyouhavetodo—andthatiftherearenonewmessagesyoufeellikeatotalloser;thatyou’realwaystakingpicturesofyourselfwithyourfriendssoyoucancheckonhowgoodyoulook;thatyoucheatonthecrosswordpuzzle;thateventhoughyou’remarriedyouarealwaysassessingyourmarketvalueon—whichisnotcheating,right?

(48)Butthinkoftheupsides.Youcannevergetlostanymore,youalwaysknowhowtopackforwhereveritisyou’regoing.Youdealwithfewermediocremeals,fewerhotelswithlousyservice.Therearenoticketlinesforthemovie,noneedforpick-uplinesatbarsorexcruciatingintroQ-and-Asatparties,noriskofboredomasyouplayTempleRunorcheckstockpricesbetweensubwaystops.(49)Goneisthefrustrationofnotbeingabletoidentifythesongyou’rehearing,ortheinadequacyofnotknowingthemeaningoftheacronymthattheknow-it-allinthenextofficeusedatyesterday’sstaffmeeting.Instantexpertiseoneverysubject,andallthedatayoucouldimaginetobackupyourownpersonalconvictionsabouttheevilsofgluten,deliveredtoyourbraininpredigestedparagraphs.Cameraatthereadyforeveryphotoop,voicerecorderforwhateverideapopsintoyourheadandoutofyourmouth.(50)Sowhatifyourattentionspanhasbeenfragmentedintonanoseconds,ifyoumeasureyoursociallifebyFacebookfriends,yourprofessionalworthbyGooglehits,andtheworstwordsyoucanimagineare“airplanemode”?

Weareallone-marshmallowOCDnarcissists,grantedbyourdevicesthemagicofcomprehensiveinstantgratification,ofself-reinforcingworldviews,ofcontroloverthedailyminutiaofourfatesandfortunes.Tonotbeirrevocablyaddictedtooursmartphoneswouldbesenseless.

Thatbeingsaid,whyisitthattheessenceofourapp-mediatedexistenceseemssoeerilyreminiscentofsomeofourmostfamousandenduringvisionsofdystopia?

【答案】【參考譯文】

46.是時(shí)候采取第一步，承認(rèn)你有一個(gè)無力解決的問題。

47.在工作中，不管你還有多少事要做，你根本無法超過十分鐘不去偷偷地查看郵件，而且如果沒有新消息，你會覺得自己是一個(gè)十足的失敗者。

48.但是想想好的方面。你再也不會迷路了，而且無論去哪里，你都知道怎么打包行李。

49.無法辨別聽到的歌曲的挫敗感，或者不知道隔壁辦公室那個(gè)萬事通在昨天的員工會議上使用的首字母縮略詞的意思的不足感都已經(jīng)消失了。

50.所以，如果你的注意力被分割成幾納秒，如果你用臉書上的好友數(shù)來衡量你的社交生活，用谷歌點(diǎn)擊量來衡量你的職業(yè)價(jià)值而你能想到的最糟糕的詞是“飛行模式”，那將會怎么樣？

6.單選題

Resourcescanbesaidtobescarceinbothanabsoluteandarelativesense:thesurfaceoftheearthisfinite,imposingabsolutescarcity;butthescarcitythatconcernseconomistsistherelativescarcityofresourcesindifferentuses.Materialsusedforonepurposecannotatthesametimebeusedforotherpurposes;ifthequantityofaninputislimited,theincreaseduseofitinonemanufacturingprocessmustcauseittobecomelessavailableforotheruses.

Thecostofaproductintermsofmoneymaynotmeasureitstruecosttosociety.Thetruecostof,say,theconstructionofasupersonicjetisthevalueoftheschoolsandrefrigeratorsthatwillneverbebuiltasaresult.Everyactofproductionusesupsomeofsociety’savailableresources;itmeanstheforegoingofanopportunitytoproducesomethingelse.Indecidinghowtouseresourcesmosteffectivelytosatisfythewantsofthecommunity,thisopportunitycostmustbetakenintoaccount.Inamarketeconomythepriceofagoodsandthequantitysupplieddependsonthecostofmakingit,andthecost,ultimately,isthecostofnotmakingothergoods.Themarketmechanismenforcesthisrelationship.Thecostof,say,apairofshoesisthepriceoftheleather,thefuel,andotherelementsusedupinproducingthem.Butthepriceoftheseinputs,inturn,dependsonwhattheycanproduceelsewhere—iftheleathercanbeusedtoproducehandbagsthatarevaluedhighlybyconsumers,thepriceofleatherwillbebidupcorrespondingly.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whataretheopportunitycostsofanitem?

2.Whatistherelationshipbetweenproductionandresources?

3.Whatdeterminesthepriceofagoodsinamarketeconomy?

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?

5.Whatareeconomistsconcernedaboutwithregardtoresources?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thepriceofthematerial,laborandotherelementsconsumedinmanufacturingit.

B.Theamountoftimeandmoneyspentinproducingit.

C.Thevalueofalltheresourcesusedinitsproduction.

D.Thevalueofwhatcouldhavebeenproducedinstead.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Productionreducestheamountofavailableresources.

B.Productionhasnothingtodowithresources.

C.Productionincreasesasresourcesincrease.

D.Productionisstimulatedbyavailableresources.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Thecostofallelementsinvolvedinproduction.

B.Thequantityofmaterialssupplied.

C.Theefficiencyofthemanufacturingprocess.

D.Thecostoflabor.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thecostofaproductreflectsitsusefulnessinsociety.

B.Thecostofaproductdependsonitsquality.

C.Thepriceofaproductreflectsitsusefulnessinsociety.

D.Thepriceofaproductreflectsitsopportunitycosts.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Howtotapnaturalresources.

B.Howtocopewithabsolutescarcityofresources.

C.Howtouseavailableresourcesappropriately.

D.Howtoconvertabsolutescarcityofresourcesintorelativeone.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“根據(jù)文章，一個(gè)商品的機(jī)會成本是什么？”。根據(jù)第二段中的Thetruecostof,say,theconstructionofasupersonicjetisthevalueoftheschoolsandrefrigeratorsthatwillneverbebuiltasaresult.Everyactofproductionusesupsomeofsociety'savailableresources;itmeanstheforegoingofanopportunitytoproducesomethingelse.Indecidinghowtouseresourcesmosteffectivelytosatisfythewantsofthecommunity,thisopportunitycostmustbetakenintoaccount.（比如說，建造一架超音速飛機(jī)的真正成本是因此造成學(xué)校和冰箱永遠(yuǎn)不會被建立。每一種生產(chǎn)行為都會消耗一些社會可用資源；它意味著放棄一個(gè)生產(chǎn)其他東西的機(jī)會。在決定如何最有效地利用資源以滿足社會需求時(shí)，必須考慮到這種機(jī)會成本。）可知，機(jī)會成本是指一種生產(chǎn)行為導(dǎo)致了另外一種生產(chǎn)的機(jī)會的喪失，即生產(chǎn)一種產(chǎn)品的機(jī)會成本可能是生產(chǎn)其他產(chǎn)品的價(jià)值，D項(xiàng)“本可以生產(chǎn)的東西的價(jià)值”正確；A項(xiàng)“生產(chǎn)過程中所消耗的材料、勞動力和其他要素的價(jià)格”、B項(xiàng)“生產(chǎn)它所花費(fèi)的時(shí)間和金錢”和C項(xiàng)“生產(chǎn)過程中使用的所有資源的價(jià)值”都是包括在“生產(chǎn)一種產(chǎn)品是生產(chǎn)其他產(chǎn)品的價(jià)值”內(nèi)。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

2.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“生產(chǎn)與資源的關(guān)系是什么？”。根據(jù)第一段Resourcescanbesaidtobescarceinbothanabsoluteandarelativesense:thesurfaceoftheearthisfinite,imposingabsolutescarcity…Materialsusedforonepurposecannotatthesametimebeusedforotherpurposes;ifthequantityofaninputislimited,theincreaseduseofitinonemanufacturingprocessmustcauseittobecomelessavailableforotheruses.（無論在絕對意義上還是相對意義上，資源都可以說是稀缺的：地球表面是有限的，這是絕對稀缺……為一種目的使用的材料不得同時(shí)為其他目的使用；如果一種投入的數(shù)量是有限的，那么它在一個(gè)生產(chǎn)過程中的增加使用必然會導(dǎo)致它在其他方面的可用性更少。）可以推知，如果資源投入的數(shù)量有限，生產(chǎn)過程中的增加使用會減少可用資源的數(shù)量，A項(xiàng)“生產(chǎn)減少了可用資源的數(shù)量”正確；由此也可知B項(xiàng)“生產(chǎn)與資源無關(guān)”和C項(xiàng)“生產(chǎn)隨著資源的增加而增加”錯(cuò)誤；D項(xiàng)“生產(chǎn)是由可用資源刺激的”不能推斷出來。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

3.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“在市場經(jīng)濟(jì)中，什么決定了一件商品的價(jià)格？”。根據(jù)第二段中的Inamarketeconomythepriceofagoodsandthequantitysupplieddependsonthecostofmakingit,andthecost,ultimately,isthecostofnotmakingothergoods.（在市場經(jīng)濟(jì)中，一種商品的價(jià)格和供給量取決于生產(chǎn)該商品的成本，而成本最終是不生產(chǎn)其他商品的成本。）可知，A項(xiàng)“生產(chǎn)中涉及的所有要素的成本”正確；由此也可知B項(xiàng)“提供材料的數(shù)量”和C項(xiàng)“生產(chǎn)過程的效率”錯(cuò)誤；D項(xiàng)“勞動力成本”是包括在成本之內(nèi)的，除了勞動力成本還有其他要素的成本。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

4.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“根據(jù)文章，下列哪個(gè)陳述是正確的？”。由第二段中的Inamarketeconomythepriceofagoodsandthequantitysupplieddependsonthecostofmakingit,andthecost,ultimately,isthecostofnotmakingothergoods.Themarketmechanismenforcesthisrelationship.Thecostof,say,apairofshoesisthepriceoftheleather,thefuel,andotherelementsusedupinproducingthem.Butthepriceoftheseinputs,inturn,dependsonwhattheycanproduceelsewhere…（在市場經(jīng)濟(jì)中，一種商品的價(jià)格和供給量取決于生產(chǎn)該商品的成本，而成本最終是不生產(chǎn)其他商品的成本。比方說，一雙鞋的成本就是皮革、燃料和生產(chǎn)過程中所消耗的其他元素的價(jià)格。但反過來，這些原料的價(jià)格取決于它們在其他地方能生產(chǎn)什么……）可知，產(chǎn)品的價(jià)格取決于生產(chǎn)中涉及的所有要素的成本，反過來，投入的材料的價(jià)格由能夠生產(chǎn)的其他產(chǎn)品決定，即機(jī)會成本，所以可以推斷，產(chǎn)品的價(jià)格反映了機(jī)會成本，D項(xiàng)“產(chǎn)品的價(jià)格反映了它的機(jī)會成本”正確；由此也可知C項(xiàng)“產(chǎn)品的價(jià)格反映了它在社會中的實(shí)用性”錯(cuò)誤；A項(xiàng)“產(chǎn)品成本反映了它在社會中的實(shí)用性”表述不正確，產(chǎn)品的成本有很多要素，其中的原料要素成本才是反映它在社會中的實(shí)用性；B項(xiàng)“產(chǎn)品的成本取決于它的質(zhì)量”錯(cuò)誤，產(chǎn)品的成本包括很多要素，而其中的原料成本取決于能夠生產(chǎn)的其他產(chǎn)品是什么。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

5.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“在資源方面，經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家關(guān)心什么？”。第一段講了資源的相對稀缺性：Resourcescanbesaidtobescarceinbothanabsoluteandarelativesense:thesurfaceoftheearthisfinite,imposingabsolutescarcity;butthescarcitythatconcernseconomistsistherelativescarcityofresourcesindifferentuses.Materialsusedforonepurposecannotatthesametimebeusedforotherpurposes;ifthequantityofaninputislimited,theincreaseduseofitinonemanufacturingprocessmustcauseittobecomelessavailableforotheruses.（無論在絕對意義上還是相對意義上，資源都可以說是稀缺的：地球表面是有限的，這是絕對稀缺；但是，經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家關(guān)注的稀缺性是不同用途資源的相對稀缺性。為一種目的使用的材料不得同時(shí)為其他目的使用；如果一種投入的數(shù)量是有限的，那么它在一個(gè)生產(chǎn)過程中的增加使用必然會導(dǎo)致它在其他方面的可用性更少。）然后第二段主要闡述產(chǎn)品的機(jī)會成本，綜合推理可知，在資源方面，經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家關(guān)心的是如何利用現(xiàn)有的資源，C項(xiàng)“如何合理利用現(xiàn)有資源”正確；A項(xiàng)“如何開發(fā)自然資源”文中沒有提及；B項(xiàng)“如何應(yīng)對資源的絕對稀缺”不正確，在第一段就提到了經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家關(guān)注的是相對稀缺性；D項(xiàng)“如何將資源的絕對稀缺轉(zhuǎn)化為相對稀缺”與文意不符。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Iwillholdyoupersonally（）ifanythinggoeswronginthisproject.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.responsible

B.diverse

C.feasible

D.lucrative

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)responsible“負(fù)責(zé)的，可靠的”；B選項(xiàng)diverse“不同的，相異的”；C選項(xiàng)feasible“可行的，可能的”；D選項(xiàng)lucrative“獲利多的”。句意：如果這個(gè)項(xiàng)目出了什么差錯(cuò)，我將追究你的（）。本句表達(dá)的意思是“會追究你的責(zé)任”，因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

8.單選題

Don’tgettheideathatI’veboughtanewcar.SincethemotorofmyoldVolkswagenstartedtomakeanoddnoiselastweek,I’mhavingitrepaired.Idrivethissubstituteforafewdays.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.gettheideathat

B.I’mhavingitrepaired

C.drive

D.forafewdays

E.沒有錯(cuò)誤

【答案】C

【解析】時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤。把drive改成havebeendriving。根據(jù)后面的afewdays跟句意可知C處應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。

9.單選題

Tosaythatthechildlearnsbyimitationandthatthewaytoteachistosetagoodexampleoversimplifies.Nochildimitateseveryactionhesees.Sometimes,theexampletheparentwantshimtofollowisifporedwhilehetakesovercontrarypatternsfromsomeotherexample.Thereforewemustturntoamoresubtletheorythan"Monkeysee,monkeydo."

Lookatitfromthechild'spointofview.Hereheisinanewsituation,lackingareadyresponse.Heisseekingaresponsewhichwillgaincertainends.Ifhelacksareadyresponseforthesituation,andcannotreasonoutwhattodo,heobservesamodelwhoseemsabletogettherightresult.Thechildlooksforanauthorityorexpertwhocanshowwhattodo.

Thereisasecondelementatworkinthissituation.Thechildmaybeabletoattainhisimmediategoalonlytofindthathismethodbringscriticismfrompeoplewhoobservehim.Whenshoutingacrossthehouseachieveshisimmediateendofdeliveringamessage,heistoldemphaticallythatsucharacket(叫嚷)isunpleasant,thatheshouldwalkintothenextroomandsayhissayquietly.Thus,thedesiretosolveanyobjectivesituationisoverlaidwiththedesiretosolveitproperly.Oneoftheearlythingsthechildlearnsisthathegetsmoreattentionandapprovalwhenhisparentslikehisresponse.Thenotheradultsrewardsomeactionsandcriticizeothers.Ifoneistomaintainthesupportofothersandhisownself-respect,hemustadoptresponseshissocialgroupapproves.

Infindingtrialresponses,thelearnerdoesnotchoosemodelsatrandom.Heimitatesthepersonwhoseemsagoodpersontobelike,ratherthanapersonwhosesocialstatushewishestoavoid.Ifthepupilwantstobeagoodviolinist,hewillobserveandtrytocopythetechniquesofcapableplayers,whilesomeotherpersonmaymostinfluencehisapproachtobooks.

Admirationofonequalityoftenleadsustoadmireapersonasawhole,andhebecomesanidentifyingfigure.Weusepeopleasmodelsoverawiderangeofsituations,imitatingmuchthattheydo.Welearnthattheyaredependableandrewardingmodelsbecauseimitatingthemleadstosuccess.

1.Forachildthefirstelementinhislearningis（

）.

2.Apartfromachievinghisdesiredresult,achildshouldalsolearnto

（

）.

3.Childrentendtoimitatethemodels

（

）.

4."Anidentifyingfigure"(Line2,Para.5)referstoaperson（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theneedtofindanauthority

B.theneedtofindawaytoachievethedesiredresult

C.theneedformoreaffectionfromhisparents

D.thedesiretomeetthestandardsofhissocialgroup

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.behaveproperly

B.attainhisgoalassoonaspossible

C.showhisaffectionforhisparents

D.talkquietly

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.whodonotcriticizethem

B.whobringthemunexpectedrewards

C.whomtheywanttobelike

D.whosesocialstatusishigh

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.whoservesasamodelforothers

B.whoisalwayssuccessful

C.whocanbedependedupon

D.whohasbeenrewardedforhissuccess

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:A

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第二段“Ifhelacksareadyresponseforthesituation,andcannotreasonoutwhattodo,heobservesamodelwhoseemsabletogettherightresult.Thechildlooksforanauthorityorexpertwhocanshowwhattodo.如果兒童對新情況缺乏一個(gè)快速的反應(yīng)，并且不能推斷出該做什么，他就會觀察學(xué)習(xí)那些能給出正確結(jié)果的人。孩子尋找權(quán)威人士或?qū)＜襾砀嬖V他們該做什么?！笨芍⒆幽７聦W(xué)習(xí)的首要原因是他們需要找到一種能得到想要的結(jié)果的方式，他們并不是模仿所有的東西。由此可知B項(xiàng)正確。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第三段的舉例及“Thechildmaybeabletoattainhisimmediategoalonlytofindthathismethodbringscriticismfrompeoplewhoobservehim.孩子也許能夠達(dá)到他的直接目標(biāo)，但卻發(fā)現(xiàn)他的方法招致了觀察他的人的批評?！币约啊癟hus,thedesiretosolveanyobjectivesituationisoverlaidwiththedesiretosolveitproperly.因此，解決任何客觀情況的愿望都被以恰當(dāng)方式解決問題的愿望所覆蓋。”可知用適當(dāng)?shù)姆椒▉斫鉀Q問題很重要。答案A

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第四段“Ifthepupilwantstobeagoodviolinist,hewillobserveandtrytocopythetechniquesofcapableplayers,whilesomeotherpersonmaymostinfluencehisapproachtobooks.如果一個(gè)學(xué)生想成為一名優(yōu)秀的小提琴手，他會觀察并嘗試模仿有能力的演奏者的技巧，如果他喜歡閱讀，那么書本上的對他影響最大的人可能是其想模仿的對象。”故C項(xiàng)正確。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第五段第一句“Admirationofonequalityoftenleadsustoadmireapersonasawhole,andhebecomesanidentifyingfigure.欣賞一個(gè)人的某種品質(zhì)常常會令我們仰慕整個(gè)人，這個(gè)人就變成了我們的榜樣。由“admireapersonasawhole”可推斷出該詞意為“榜樣”，故答案A

10.單選題

TheRomanswerehardworkingandfrugal,self-reliant,seriousabouttheirresponsibilitiesandsteadfastinthefaceofadversity.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.economical

B.cautious

C.courageous

D.righteous

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.economical節(jié)儉的，節(jié)約的B.cautious小心的，謹(jǐn)慎的

C.courageous勇敢的，無畏的D.righteous公正的，正直的

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】frugal的意思為“（對金錢、食物等）節(jié)約的，節(jié)儉的”，用來形容theRomans，指的是羅馬人很勤儉節(jié)約，economical與之詞義相近，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D選項(xiàng)詞義與之不符。

【句意】羅馬人勤勞節(jié)儉，自力更生，認(rèn)真履行他們的責(zé)任，面對逆境也堅(jiān)定不移。

11.單選題

（

）muchhasbeenknownaboutmammarycancer,theprecisewaytocureofitstillremainslargelyintherealmoftesting.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.While

B.Since

C.Because

D.When

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查語法結(jié)構(gòu)。while在這里的意思為“盡管”；since“因?yàn)?；由于，既然”，because“因?yàn)椤?；when“當(dāng)……”。根據(jù)句子意思推斷選項(xiàng)A最符合題意。句意為：盡管我們對于乳腺癌了解很多，但是關(guān)于治療的最精準(zhǔn)的方法仍處于測試階段。

12.單選題

Asitturnedouttobeasmallhouseparty,we______soformally.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.neednothavedressedup

B.mustnothavedressedup

C.didnotneedtodressup

D.mustnotdressup

【答案】A

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。needn’thavedone表示本不必做某事，卻做了。句意：早知道是個(gè)小型家庭聚會，我們本不必穿這么正式。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

13.單選題

Ican'twaittohearaboutyourEnglishclass

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ameagerto

B.amlateto

C.amindifferent

D.amhappyto

【答案】A

【解析】考查短語詞義辨析。題目中can'twaittodosth表示“迫不及待去做某事”；A選項(xiàng)為“渴望去做某事”；B選項(xiàng)為“遲到”;C選項(xiàng)為“對……漠不關(guān)心”；D選項(xiàng)為“開心做某事”。由題意可知，我已經(jīng)迫不及待要聽你的英語課了。因此，正確答案是A項(xiàng)。

14.單選題

Haveyouseenthehandylittle______?It’sforseparatingeggyolksfromwhite.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.aerosol

B.crate

C.margarine

D.gadget

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.aerosol噴霧器B.crate大木箱；板條箱

C.margarine人造黃油D.gadget小器具；小配件

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】由第二句句意“這是用來分離蛋黃和蛋白的”可知，空格處是一種將雞蛋的蛋清和蛋白分離的工具，D項(xiàng)符合句意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】你見過那個(gè)方便的小工具嗎？它可以用來分離蛋黃和蛋白的。

15.單選題

ThescientistshaveWadea（）studyofthevirusesthatcausethedisease.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.exhausted

B.exhausting

C.exhaustive

D.exhaustion

【答案】C

【解析】句意:科學(xué)家已經(jīng)對產(chǎn)生疾病的病菌做了詳盡的研究。

考查形近詞辨析。exhausted筋疲力盡的，耗盡的；exhausting使人疲憊不堪的；exhaustive詳盡的，徹底的，全面的；exhaustion筋疲力盡，耗盡。因此C項(xiàng)正確。

16.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Asinthecaseofsomanywordsusedbythebiologistandphysiologist,thewordacclimatizationishardtodefine.Withincreaseinknowledgeandunderstanding,meaningsofwordschange.Originallythetermacclimatizationwastakentomeanonlytheabilityofhumanbeingsoranimalsorplantstoaccustomthemselvestonewandstrangeclimaticconditions,primarilyalteredtemperature.Apersonorawolfmovestoahotclimateandisuncomfortablethere,butafteratimeisbetterabletowithstandtheheat.Butasidefromtemperature,thereareotheraspectsofclimate.Apersonorananimalmaybecomeadjustedtolivingathigheraltitudesthanthoseitwasoriginallyaccustomedto.Atreallyhighaltitudes,suchasaviatorsmaybeexposedto,thelowatmosphericpressurebecomesafactorofprimaryimportance.Inchangingtoanewenvironment,apersonmay,therefore,meetnewconditionsoftemperatureorpressure,andinadditionmayhavetocontendwithdifferentchemicalsurroundings.Onhighmountains,theamountofoxygenintheatmospheremayberelativelysmall;incrowdedcities,apersonmaybecomeexposedtorelativelyhighconcentrationsofcarbondioxideorevencarbonmonoxide,andinvariousareasmaybeexposedtoconditionsinwhichthewatercontentoftheatmosphereisextremelyhighorextremelylow.Thusinthecaseofhumans,animals,andevenplants,theconceptofacclimatizationincludesthephenomenaofincreasedtolerationofhighorlowtemperature,ofalteredpressure,andofchangesinthechemicalenvironment.

Letusdefineacclimatization,therefore,astheprocessinwhichanorganismorapartofanorganismbecomesusedtoanenvironmentwhichisnormallyunsuitabletoitorlethalforit.Byandlarge,acclimatizationisarelativelyslowprocess.Thetermshouldnotbetakentoincluderelativelyrapidadjustmentssuchasoursenseorgansareconstantlymaking.Thistypeofadjustmentiscommonlyreferredtobyphysiologistsas“adaptation”.

Thusourtouchsensesoonbecomesaccustomedtothepressureofourclothesandwedonotfeelthem;wesoonfailtohearthetickingofaclock;obnoxiousodorsafteratimefailtomakemuchimpressiononus,andoureyesinstronglightrapidlybecomeinsensitive.

Thefundamentalfactaboutacclimatizationisthatallanimalsandplantshavesomecapacitytoadjustthemselvestochangesintheirenvironment.Thisisoneofthemostremarkablecharacteristicsoflivingorganisms,acharacteristicforwhichitisextremelydifficulttofindexplanations.

1.Accordingtothereadingselection,allanimalsandplants（）.

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthereadingselectionthat（）.

3.Accordingtothereadingselection,acclimatization（）.

4.Byinferencefromthereadingselection,whichoneofthefollowingwouldnotrequiretheprocessofacclimatization?

5.Accordingtothepassage,amajordistinctionbetweenacclimatizationandadaptationisthatacclimatization（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.haveanabilityforacclimatization

B.canadjusttoonlyonechangeintheenvironmentatatime

C.aresuccessfulinadjustingthemselvestochangesintheirenvironments

D.canadjusttonaturalchangesintheenvironmentbutnottoartificiallyinducedchanges

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.everychangeintheenvironmentrequiresacclimatizationbylivingthings

B.plantsandanimalsaremorealikethantheyaredifferent

C.assciencedevelops,theconnotationoftermsmaychange

D.biologistandphysiologistsstudyessentiallythesamethings

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.issimilartoadaptation

B.ismoreimportanttodaythanitformerlywas

C.involvespositiveaswellasnegativeadjustment

D.maybeinvolvedwithapartofanorganismbutnotwiththewholeorganism

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Anoceanfishplacedinalake

B.Askindivermakingadeepdive

C.Anairplanepilotmakingahigh-altitudeflight

D.Apersongoingfromdaylightintoadarkenedroom

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.ismoreimportantthanadaptation

B.isrelativelyslowandadaptationisrelativelyrapid

C.appliestoadjustmentswhileadaptationdoesnotapplytoadjustments

D.isapplicabletoallanimalsandplantsandadaptationonlytohigheranimalsandman

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由allanimalsandplants定位到文章最后一段第一句“Thefundamentalfactaboutacclimatizationisthatallanimalsandplantshavesomecapacitytoadjustthemselvestochangesintheirenvironment.”，適應(yīng)環(huán)境的根本事實(shí)是，所有的動物和植物都有一定的能力來適應(yīng)環(huán)境的變化。A選項(xiàng)“haveanabilityforacclimatization”意為“有適應(yīng)環(huán)境的能力”，與原文相符；B選項(xiàng)“canadjusttoonlyonechangeintheenvironmentatatime”意為“一次只能適應(yīng)環(huán)境的一種變化”，原文沒有相關(guān)表達(dá)；C選項(xiàng)“aresuccessfulinadjustingthemselvestochangesintheirenvironments”意為“能成功地讓自身適應(yīng)環(huán)境的變化”，有一定的適應(yīng)環(huán)境變化的能力，并不等于成功；D選項(xiàng)“canadjusttonaturalchangesintheenvironmentbutnottoartificiallyinducedchanges”意為“能適應(yīng)環(huán)境的自然變化，但不能適應(yīng)人為誘導(dǎo)的變化”，原文未提及人為誘導(dǎo)的變化。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第2題:判斷推理題。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)和題干可知，本題需要四個(gè)選項(xiàng)逐個(gè)分析。A選項(xiàng)“everychangeintheenvironmentrequiresacclimatizationbylivingthings”，意為“環(huán)境的任何變化都需要生物適應(yīng)”，原文是適應(yīng)與生物不適合或者致命的環(huán)境，但不是所有變化都要適應(yīng)；B選項(xiàng)“plantsandanimalsaremorealikethantheyaredifferent”意為“植物和動物的相似之處多于它們的不同之處”，原文并未就動植物的相似處與不同處進(jìn)行比較；C選項(xiàng)“assciencedevelops,theconnotationoftermsmaychange”意為“隨著科學(xué)的發(fā)展，術(shù)語的內(nèi)涵可能會發(fā)生變化”與原文相符，原文“Withincreaseinknowledgeandunderstanding,meaningsofwordschange”隨著知識和理解的增加，單詞的意義也在變化；D選項(xiàng)“biologistandphysiologistsstudyessentiallythesamethings”意為“生物學(xué)家和生理學(xué)家本質(zhì)上研究的是