考研考博-英語-臨夏現(xiàn)代職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-臨夏現(xiàn)代職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Asweareonthepointof（）someimportantbusinesswiththem,weshouldliketoknowexactlyabouttheircreditstanding.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.transmitting

B.transferring

C.transacting

D.transporting

【答案】C

【解析】句意:由于我們正準(zhǔn)備和他們進(jìn)行一些交易，所以我們想確切地了解他們的信用狀況。

考查動詞辨析。選項(xiàng)均為對應(yīng)動詞的動名詞形式。transmit傳播；傳送：transfer使轉(zhuǎn)移;調(diào)任;transact辦理;執(zhí)行；進(jìn)行（貿(mào)易、談判等）;transport運(yùn)輸。空格處的賓語是business(商業(yè)，交易)，因此C項(xiàng)符合句意。

2.單選題

Bethworkedhardto（）inwiththelocalsduringhervisit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.encounter

B.blend

C.merge

D.adapt

【答案】B

【解析】動詞辨析。句意：貝絲在她的訪問期間努力地（）當(dāng)?shù)厝酥小?/p>

encounter遭遇，邂逅，遇到；blend混合，協(xié)調(diào)，融入；merge合并，使合并，吞，沒；adapt適應(yīng)，改變。

選項(xiàng)Bblendinwith為固定搭配，表示“融入，融合”，符合句意。

3.單選題

Thereareseveralpossibleexplanationforthegreaterjob（

）inJapanincontrasttothegreatjobmobilityintheUnitedState.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sensitivity

B.creativity

C.stability

D.security

【答案】C

【解析】形近詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)sensitivity“敏感性”；B選項(xiàng)creativity“創(chuàng)造性”；C選項(xiàng)stability“穩(wěn)定性”；D選項(xiàng)security“安全性”。

句意：日本工作的穩(wěn)定性和美國工作的流動性形成對比，對此有幾種可能的解釋。根據(jù)下文的關(guān)鍵詞“mobility”可知，選項(xiàng)C正確。

4.單選題

Themorewomenandminoritiesmaketheirwayintotheranksofmanagement,themoretheyseemtowanttotalkaboutthingsformerlyjudgedtobebestleftunsaid.Thenewcomersalsotendtoseeofficematterswithafresheye,intheprocesssometimescomingupwithcriticalanalysesoftheforcesthatshapeeveryone’sexperienceintheorganization.

ConsiderthenovelviewsofHarveyColemanofAtlantaonthesubjectofgettingahead.Colemanisblack.Hespent11yearswithIBM,halfofthemworkinginmanagementdevelopment,andnowservesasaconsultanttothelikesofAT&T,CocaCola,Prudential,andMerch.Colemansaysthatbasedonwhathe’sseenatbigcompanies,heweighsthedifferentelementsthatmakeforlong-termcareersuccessasfollows:performancecountsamere10%,image,30%;andexposure,afull60%.Colemanconcludesthatexcellentjobperformanceissocommonthesedaysthatwhiledoingyourworkwellmaywinyoupayincreases,itwon’tsecureyouthebigpromotion.Hefindsthatadvancementmoreoftendependsonhowmanypeopleknowyouandyourwork,andhowhighuptheyare.

Ridiculousbeliefs?Nottomanypeople,especiallymanywomenandmembersofminorityraceswho,likeColeman,feelthatthescales(障眼物)havedroppedfromtheireyes.“Womenandblacksinorganizationsworkunderfalsebeliefs,”saysKaleelJamison,aNewYorkbasedmanagementconsultantwhohelpscorporationsdealwiththeseissues.“Theythinkthatifyouworkhard,you’llgetahead—thatsomeoneinauthoritywillreachdownandgiveyouapromotion.”Sheadds,“Mostwomenandblacksaresofrightenedthatpeoplewillthinkthey’vegottenaheadbecauseoftheirsexorcolorthattheyplaydown(使不突出)theirvisibility.”Heradvicetothosefolks:learnthewaysthatwhitemaleshavetraditionallyusedtofindtheirwayintothespotlight.

1.Accordingtothepassage,“thingsformerlyjudgedtobebestleftunsaid”(Line2,Para.1)probablyrefersto“（）”.

2.Toachievesuccessinyourcareer,themostimportantfactor,accordingtothepassage,isto（）.

3.Thereasonwhywomenandblacksplaydowntheirvisibilityisthatthey（）.

4.TheauthorisoftheopinionthatColeman’sbeliefsare（）.

5.Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.criticismsthatshapeeveryone’sexperience

B.theopinionswhichcontradicttheestablishedbeliefs

C.thetendenciesthathelpthenewcomerstoseeofficematterswithafresheye

D.theideaswhichusuallycomeupwithusuallycomeupwithnewwaysofmanagementintheorganization

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.letyoursuperiorsknowhowgoodyouare

B.projectafavorableimagetothepeoplearoundyou

C.workasaconsultanttoyoursuperiors

D.performwellyourtasksgivenbyyoursuperiors

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.knowthatsomeoneinauthoritywillreachdownandgivethemapromotion

B.wanttogivepeopletheimpressionthattheyworkunderfalsebeliefs

C.don’twantpeopletothinkthattheirpromotionswereduetosexorcolor

D.believetheycangetpromotedbyreasonoftheirsexorcolor

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.biased

B.popular

C.insightful

D.superficial

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.RoleofWomenandMinoritiesinManagement

B.TheImportanceofBeingVisible

C.JobPerformanceandAdvancement

D.SexandCareerSuccess

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.語義推測題。根據(jù)第一段Themorewomenandminoritiesmaketheirwayintotheranksofmanagement,themoretheyseemtowanttotalkaboutthingsformerlyjudgedtobebestleftunsaid.Thenewcomersalsotendtoseeofficematterswithafresheye,intheprocesssometimescomingupwithcriticalanalysesoftheforcesthatshapeeveryone’sexperienceintheorganization.（進(jìn)入管理層的女性和少數(shù)族裔越多，她們似乎就越想談?wù)撘郧罢J(rèn)為最好不要說的事情。新人往往用新奇的眼光來看待公司的事務(wù)，在這過程中，時(shí)而會伴隨一些壓力批判的分析，這些壓力塑造了每個員工的閱歷。）。A選項(xiàng)“形成每個人閱歷的批判”：形成每個人閱歷的批判更針對新人來說。C選項(xiàng)“幫助新人以新眼光看待辦公室事務(wù)的傾向”：幫助新人在文中沒有提到。D選項(xiàng)“這些想法通常會產(chǎn)生新的組織管理方式”：因?yàn)檫@些想法會帶來新的管理方式文中也沒有提到。B選項(xiàng)“與既定信念相矛盾的觀點(diǎn)”：以前認(rèn)為最好不說的肯定是不被群體所接受的觀念，符合生活實(shí)際，分析加排除法確定答案。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.語義推測題。根據(jù)第二段第四句thedifferentelementsthatmakeforlong-termcareersuccessasfollows:performancecountsamere10%,image,30%;andexposure,afull60%（對促成長期職業(yè)成功的不同因素進(jìn)行了如下權(quán)衡：業(yè)績僅占10%，形象占30%；而曝光率高達(dá)60%），以及第六句advancementmoreoftendependsonhowmanypeopleknowyouandyourwork,andhowhighuptheyare（晉升往往取決于有多少人了解你和你的工作，以及他們的職位高低），可知在事業(yè)成功上，在比自己職位高的人面前的曝光率最重要，故A選項(xiàng)“讓你上司知道你有多優(yōu)秀”正確，業(yè)績和形象不是最重要的，故B選項(xiàng)“在周圍的人面前樹立良好形象”和D選項(xiàng)“出色完成上級交代的任務(wù)”錯誤。C選項(xiàng)“做上級的顧問”：根據(jù)第三段第三句，KaleelJamison是一名管理顧問，但不意味著要通過做上級的顧問來取得事業(yè)成功。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)第三段第五句Mostwomenandblacksaresofrightenedthatpeoplewillthinkthey’vegottenaheadbecauseoftheirsexorcolor（大多數(shù)女性和黑人非常害怕人們會認(rèn)為他們升職是因?yàn)樗麄兊男詣e或膚色），可知C選項(xiàng)“不希望人們認(rèn)為他們晉升是因?yàn)樾詣e或膚色”正確，D選項(xiàng)“相信他們可以因性別或膚色而晉升”錯誤。A選項(xiàng)“知道會有上級向下視察，給他們升職”和B選項(xiàng)“想給人一種他們在錯誤信念下工作的印象”文章沒有提到。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

4.語義推測題。根據(jù)第二段第二句Colemanisblack（科爾曼是黑人）和第三段第二句Nottomanypeople,especiallymanywomenandmembersofminorityraceswho,likeColeman,feelthatthescaleshavedroppedfromtheireyes（不是很多人，特別是很多女性和少數(shù)種族，如科爾曼，覺得障礙已經(jīng)從他們的眼中消除），作者認(rèn)為不是很多人能夠發(fā)現(xiàn)這一點(diǎn)，特別是少數(shù)種族，也就是黑人，而作為一位黑人，科爾曼能夠發(fā)現(xiàn)，可見作者非常欣賞科爾曼，認(rèn)為他很有洞察力，故C選項(xiàng)“有洞察力的”正確。A選項(xiàng)“有偏見的”，B選項(xiàng)“受歡迎的”和D選項(xiàng)“膚淺的”不符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

5.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句Heradvicetothosefolks:learnthewaysthatwhitemaleshavetraditionallyusedtofindtheirwayintothespotlight.（她對這些人的建議是：學(xué)習(xí)白人男性傳統(tǒng)上尋求進(jìn)入聚光燈下的方式。），結(jié)合文章對于被看見的重要性的數(shù)據(jù)和例子，可知文章主旨在討論被上級看見在工作中的重要性，故B選項(xiàng)“被看見的重要性”正確。A選項(xiàng)“女性和少數(shù)族裔在管理中的作用”：沒有提到女性和少數(shù)族裔在管理中如何發(fā)揮作用。C選項(xiàng)“工作表現(xiàn)與晉升”：工作表現(xiàn)與晉升的關(guān)系只是文章內(nèi)容之一。D選項(xiàng)“性別與事業(yè)成功”：性別與事業(yè)只有提到一點(diǎn)。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

5.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingtwoparagraphsintoChinese

Onceyouturnoveranewleaf,youcan’texpecttochangecompletelyrightaway.Youareboundtovacillateattimes.Thekeyistobesatisfiedwithgradualimprovement,expectingandacceptingtheoccasionalslipsthatcomewithanychange.Andevenafteryouarehandlingthesedecisionsinafirmerandmoreconfidentmanner,youcan’texpectyourchildrentorespondimmediately.Forawhilethey’llkeeponapplyingtheoldpressuresthatusedtoworksowell.Butthey’lleventuallycometorespectyourdecisionsoncetheylearnthatnaggingandarguingnolongerwork.Intheend,bothyouandyourchildrenwillbehappierforit.

Thetrendsarequicklyacceleratingforasimplereason:Informationispower,andtechnologydemocratizesanduniversalizestheavailabilityofinformation.Hence,organizationswillnolongerbeabletosubsidizeprocessesandjobsthatglorifyhierarchicalcontrolbutturnoffthespigotonknowledge-flow.FuturistGeorgeGilderdescribesaworldwheretheeconomyisbasedonsand,glassandair.Sandisthesiliconusedtomakemicrochips,thebuildingblocksofcomputing—andthatbuildingblockisgrowingexponentially.Theperformanceofmicrochipsdoublesevery18months.

【答案】一旦你翻開新的一頁，你就不能指望馬上完全改變。有時(shí)你肯定會猶豫不決。關(guān)鍵是要滿足于漸進(jìn)的改進(jìn)，預(yù)料并接受任何變化帶來的偶然失誤。即使在你以更加堅(jiān)定和自信的方式處理這些決定之后，你也不能指望你的孩子會立即做出反應(yīng)。在一段時(shí)間內(nèi)，他們將繼續(xù)施加過去行之有效的舊壓力。但一旦他們知道嘮叨和爭論不再有效，他們最終會尊重你的決定。最后，你和你的孩子都會因此而更快樂。

這種趨勢正在迅速加速，原因很簡單：信息就是力量，而技術(shù)使信息變得民主化和普遍化。因此，組織將不再能夠資助那些美化等級特權(quán)并阻止信息交流的工作體系了。未來學(xué)家喬治?吉爾德描述了一個以沙子、玻璃和空氣為基礎(chǔ)的經(jīng)濟(jì)世界。沙子是用來制造微芯片的硅，芯片（計(jì)算機(jī)世界的建筑材料）正以指數(shù)級的速度增長。微芯片的性能每18個月翻一番。

6.單選題

Atdusk,Mr.Hightowerwouldsitinhisoldarmchairinthebackyardandwistfullyloseinreminiscenceofhisyouthromances.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hopefully

B.reflectively

C.sympathetically

D.irresistibly

【答案】A

【解析】考查副詞辨析。wistfully在句中是“渴望地，希望地”；A選項(xiàng)hopefully“希望地”；B選項(xiàng)reflectively“沉思地”；C選項(xiàng)sympathetically“同情地，憐憫地”；D選項(xiàng)irresistibly“不可抗拒地”。句意：黃昏時(shí)分，海托先生會坐在后院的舊扶手椅上渴望沉浸在他青春戀情的回憶中。根據(jù)選項(xiàng)，只有A項(xiàng)符合。

7.單選題

The"standardofliving"ofanycountrymeanstheaverageperson'sshareofthegoodsandserviceswhichthecountryproduces.（1）."Wealth"inthissenseisnotmoney,forwedonotliveonmoneybutonthingsthatmoneycanbuy:"goods"suchasfoodand,clothing,and"services"suchastransportandentertainment.

Acountry'scapacitytoproducewealthdependsuponmanyfactors,mostofwhichhaveaneffectononeanother.（2）.Someregionoftheworldarewellsuppliedwithcoalandminerals,andhaveafertilesoilandafavorableclimate,otherregionspossessnoneofthem.

（3）.Somecountriesareperhapswelloffinnaturalresources,butsufferedformanyyearsfromcivilandexternalwars,andforthisandotherreasonshavebeenunabletodeveloptheirresources.Soundandstablepoliticalconditions,andfreedomfromforeigninvasion,enableacountrytodevelopitsnaturalresourcespeacefullyandsteadily,andtoproducemorewealththananothercountryequallywellservedbynaturebutlesswellordered.Anotherimportantfactoristhetechnicalefficiencyofacountry’speople.（4）Acountry’sstandardoflivingdoesnotonlydependuponthewealththatisproducedandconsumedwithinitsownborders,butalsouponwhatisindirectlyproducedthroughinternationaltrade.（5）.Trademakesitpossibleforhersurplusmanufacturedgoodstobetradedabroadfortheagriculturalproductsthatwouldotherwisebelacking.Acountry’swealthis,therefore,muchinfluencedbyitsmanufacturingcapacity,providedthatothercountriescanbefoundreadytoacceptitsmanufactures.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Industrializedcountriesthathavetrainednumerousskilledworkersandtechniciansarebetterplacedtoproducewealththancountrieswhoseworkersarelargelyunskilled

B.Nexttonaturalresourcescomestheabilitytoturnthemtouse

C.Acountry'sstandardofliving,therefore,dependsfirstandforemostonitscapacitytoproducewealth

D.Forexample,Britain'swealthinfoodstuffsandotheragriculturalproductswouldbemuchlessifithadtodependonlyonthosegrownathome

E.Wealthshouldbeproperlyusedonlytoenhancethe"standardofliving"ofpeopleinallcountries

F.Wealthdependstoagreatextentuponacountry'snaturalresources,suchascoal,gold,andotherminerals,watersupplyandsoon

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Industrializedcountriesthathavetrainednumerousskilledworkersandtechniciansarebetterplacedtoproducewealththancountrieswhoseworkersarelargelyunskilled

B.Nexttonaturalresourcescomestheabilitytoturnthemtouse

C.Acountry'sstandardofliving,therefore,dependsfirstandforemostonitscapacitytoproducewealth

D.Forexample,Britain'swealthinfoodstuffsandotheragriculturalproductswouldbemuchlessifithadtodependonlyonthosegrownathome

E.Wealthshouldbeproperlyusedonlytoenhancethe"standardofliving"ofpeopleinallcountries

F.Wealthdependstoagreatextentuponacountry'snaturalresources,suchascoal,gold,andotherminerals,watersupplyandsoon

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Industrializedcountriesthathavetrainednumerousskilledworkersandtechniciansarebetterplacedtoproducewealththancountrieswhoseworkersarelargelyunskilled

B.Nexttonaturalresourcescomestheabilitytoturnthemtouse

C.Acountry'sstandardofliving,therefore,dependsfirstandforemostonitscapacitytoproducewealth

D.Forexample,Britain'swealthinfoodstuffsandotheragriculturalproductswouldbemuchlessifithadtodependonlyonthosegrownathome

E.Wealthshouldbeproperlyusedonlytoenhancethe"standardofliving"ofpeopleinallcountries

F.Wealthdependstoagreatextentuponacountry'snaturalresources,suchascoal,gold,andotherminerals,watersupplyandsoon

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Industrializedcountriesthathavetrainednumerousskilledworkersandtechniciansarebetterplacedtoproducewealththancountrieswhoseworkersarelargelyunskilled

B.Nexttonaturalresourcescomestheabilitytoturnthemtouse

C.Acountry'sstandardofliving,therefore,dependsfirstandforemostonitscapacitytoproducewealth

D.Forexample,Britain'swealthinfoodstuffsandotheragriculturalproductswouldbemuchlessifithadtodependonlyonthosegrownathome

E.Wealthshouldbeproperlyusedonlytoenhancethe"standardofliving"ofpeopleinallcountries

F.Wealthdependstoagreatextentuponacountry'snaturalresources,suchascoal,gold,andotherminerals,watersupplyandsoon

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Industrializedcountriesthathavetrainednumerousskilledworkersandtechniciansarebetterplacedtoproducewealththancountrieswhoseworkersarelargelyunskilled

B.Nexttonaturalresourcescomestheabilitytoturnthemtouse

C.Acountry'sstandardofliving,therefore,dependsfirstandforemostonitscapacitytoproducewealth

D.Forexample,Britain'swealthinfoodstuffsandotheragriculturalproductswouldbemuchlessifithadtodependonlyonthosegrownathome

E.Wealthshouldbeproperlyusedonlytoenhancethe"standardofliving"ofpeopleinallcountries

F.Wealthdependstoagreatextentuponacountry'snaturalresources,suchascoal,gold,andotherminerals,watersupplyandsoon

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:F

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.文章第一句提到“任何國家的‘生活水平’是指國家生產(chǎn)的商品和服務(wù)的平均份額”，空格后關(guān)鍵詞“wealth財(cái)富”可推斷中間內(nèi)容應(yīng)與“生活標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和財(cái)富”有關(guān)，C項(xiàng)“因?yàn)?，一個國家的生活水平首先取決于其創(chuàng)造財(cái)富的能力”符合題意，故選C。

2.文章第二段第一句提到“一個國家創(chuàng)造財(cái)富的能力取決于許多因素，其中大多數(shù)因素相互影響”，空格后提到“世界上有些地區(qū)的煤炭和礦物供應(yīng)充足，土壤肥沃，氣候宜人，其他地區(qū)則沒有?！蓖茢嘀虚g內(nèi)容應(yīng)該是闡述“財(cái)富與煤、礦產(chǎn)等資源的關(guān)系”，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“財(cái)富在很大程度上取決于一個國家的自然資源，如煤炭、黃金和其他礦產(chǎn)、供水等”符合題意，故選F。

3.空格后提到“有些國家自然資源雖然很豐富，但由于多年來戰(zhàn)爭和一些其他原因一直無法開發(fā)其資源”可推斷此處應(yīng)闡述“自然資源與開發(fā)自然資源的能力”，B項(xiàng)“排在自然資源后的是將自然資源轉(zhuǎn)化使用的能力”符合題意，故選B。

4.空格前文提到“另外一個重要因素是一個國家人民技術(shù)效率”可推斷此處應(yīng)闡述與“技術(shù)相關(guān)內(nèi)容”，A項(xiàng)“已經(jīng)培訓(xùn)了許多熟練工人和技術(shù)人員的工業(yè)化國家比其他工人不熟練的國家更有能力創(chuàng)造財(cái)富”符合題意，故選A。

5.空格前文提到“一個國家的生活水平不僅取決于在本國境內(nèi)生產(chǎn)和消費(fèi)的財(cái)富，而且還取決于通過國際貿(mào)易間接生產(chǎn)的財(cái)富”，空格后提到“貿(mào)易使她剩余的制成品能夠在國外進(jìn)行貿(mào)易，以換取自身所缺乏的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品。”可推斷空格處“應(yīng)該列舉一個例子”由此導(dǎo)出下文的結(jié)論，D項(xiàng)“例如，如果它只能依靠國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)，英國在食品和其他農(nóng)產(chǎn)品方面的財(cái)富要少得多”符合題意，故選D。

8.翻譯題

HowdoestheU.S.rankintheinternationalhuman-capitalstandings?That’satrickyquestion.OvertimetheAmericaneconomyhasshownmoredynamismandsustainedgrowththanjustaboutanyother.ButifyoulookonlyattheperformanceoftheaverageAmericanhighschoolstudentoninternationaltests,youwouldthinkitwasanationofdim-witteddullards.Whatexplainsthisparadox?Tosomeextent,theanswermustbethequalityofAmericanuniversities,whicharehighlyefficient,intenselycompetitiveandwonderfullyendowed—andwhichincreasinglyrecruitthebuststudentsfromaroundtheworld.Butuniversityprofessorsaren’tmagicians;howeverskilledtheymaybe,iftheirinputsfromhighschoolsaregarbage,theiroutputsofgraduateswillnotbemuchbetter.

【答案】美國在國際人力資本排行榜上排第幾？這是一個很棘手的問題。在過去的一段時(shí)間內(nèi)，美國經(jīng)濟(jì)比其他任何國家都表現(xiàn)出了更多活力和持續(xù)增長能力。但是如果你去關(guān)注國際比賽中美國高中生成績，你會認(rèn)為美國式一個很笨的民族。如何解釋這種矛盾。在某種程度上，問題的關(guān)鍵是美國大學(xué)的質(zhì)量，美國的大學(xué)效率高，競爭激烈，天賦異凜，而且越來越多地從世界各地招收最優(yōu)秀的學(xué)生。但是大學(xué)教師不是魔術(shù)師；無論他們水平多么高,如果高中輸入的是垃圾，他們輸出的畢業(yè)生也好不到哪去。

9.單選題

FormanyyearstheJapanesehave（

）thecarmarket.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.presided

B.occupied

C.operated

D.dominated

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)presided“主持”；B選項(xiàng)occupied“占領(lǐng)”；C選項(xiàng)operated“運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，操作”D選項(xiàng)dominated“控制，支配”。句意：長久以來，日本人（）汽車市場。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，答案選D，日本人主導(dǎo)著汽車市場；B選項(xiàng)一般指的是戰(zhàn)爭上的占領(lǐng)，不符合提干語境，所以不選。

10.單選題

Biologyisbeingrebornasaninformationscience,aprogenyoftheInformationAge.Asinformationscientists,biologistsconcernthemselveswiththemessagesthatsustainlife,suchastheintricateseriesofsignalsthatledafertilizedeggtodevelopintoafull-grownorganism,ortheorchestratedresponsetheimmunesystemmakestoaninvadingpathogen.Moleculesconveyinformation,anditistheirmessagesthatareofparamountimportance.Eachmoleculeinteractswithasetofothermoleculesandeachsetcommunicateswithanotherset,suchthatallareinterconnected.Networksofpeoplebringaboutculturesandsocieties,andnetworksofspeciesencompassecosystem.Lifeisawebandthewebislife.

Ironically,itwastheeuphoriaformoleculesthattouchedoffthisscientificRevolution.Inthe1980sonlyatinypercentageofthemillionsofdifferentmolecularcomponentsoflivingbeingswereknown.Inordertogainaccesstothesemolecules,anewscienceandevenanewindustryhadtobecreated.Genomicsisthedevelopmentandapplicationofresearchtoolsthatuncoverandanalyzethousandsofdifferentmoleculesatatime.Thisnewapproachtobiologyhasbeensosuccessfulthatuniversitieshavecreatedentiredepartmentsdevotedtoit,andallmajorpharmaceuticalcompaniesnowhavelargegenomicsdivisions.Genomicshasgrantedbiologistsunprecedentedaccesstothemoleculesoflife,butthisismorethanjustatechnologicalrevolution.Throughgenomicsmassiveamountsofbiologicalinformationcanbeconvertedintoanelectronicformat.Thisdirectlylinksthelifesciencestothedramaticallynewframeworkforunderstandinglife.

Informationisamessage,abitofnews.Itmaybeencodedordecoded.Itmaybecoveredbysmokesignals,pictures,soundwaves,electromagneticwaves,orinnumerousothermedia,buttheinformationitselfisnotmadeofanything.Ithasnomass.

Furthermore,informationalwayshasasenderandanintendedreceiver.Thisimpliesanunderlyingintent,meaning,orpurpose.Informationtheorythusmayseemunfitforthecoldobjectivismofscience.Thefocusoftheinformationscience,however,isnotsomuchoninformationcontent,butratheronhowmessagesareconveyed,processed,andstored.

Advancesinthisareahavebeengreatandhavehelpedtopropeltheremarkabledevelopmentofthecomputerandtelecommunicationindustries.Couldtheseforcesbeharnessedtobetterunderstandthehumanbodyandtoimprovehumanhealth?

51.Theprimarypurposeofthispassageisto（）.

52.ThepassagementionseachofthefollowingasanexampleofelementsinterrelatingtoformalargerwholeExcept（）.

53.Accordingtothepassage,the“dramaticallynewframework”isoneinwhich（）.

54.Accordingtothepassage,informationtheory“mayseemunfitforthecoldobjectivismof

science”because（）.

55.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthefunctionofthefinalparagraphinrelationtotherestofthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.refuteatheory

B.describetheoriginsofamisconception

C.analyzedifferentperspectivesonaphenomenon

D.describeanewtrendinafieldofstudy

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.moleculesformingacell

B.organismsforminganecosystem

C.pathogensformingtheimmunesystem

D.cellsforminganorganism

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.biologicaldateistranslatedintoanewform

B.theimmunesystemattacksapathogen

C.geneticresearchreceivesmorefederalfunding

D.forcesareharnessedtobetterunderstandthehumanbody

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.itcanbeconveyedbysoundwaves

B.itisbettersuitedtocommercialindustrythantoacademicstudy

C.itsuggeststhatmessagesmayhavemeaningorpurpose

D.itanalyzesbiologicalinformation

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Itmodifiesatheorypresentedearlier.

B.Itindicatesactualandpotentialconsequencesofgenomics.

C.Itraisesdoubtsaboutthevalueofgenomics.

D.Itprovidesasolutiontoaproblemmentionedearlier.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】51.主旨大意題。本文主要敘述了生物學(xué)研究的新趨勢，生物學(xué)現(xiàn)在是信息科學(xué)，用信息手段探索生命。因此D選項(xiàng)“描述一個研究領(lǐng)域的新趨勢”，正確，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“反駁一個理論”，B選項(xiàng)“描述一種誤解的起源”；C選項(xiàng)“從不同的角度分析一個現(xiàn)象”均與題意不符，可排除。故選D。

52.推理判斷題。定位在第一段Asinformationscientists,biologistsconcernthemselveswiththemessagesthatsustainlife,suchastheintricateseriesofsignalsthatledafertilizedeggtodevelopintoafull-grownorganism,ortheorchestratedresponsetheimmunesystemmakestoaninvadingpathogen.（作為信息科學(xué)家，生物學(xué)家關(guān)心維持生命的信息，比如使受精卵發(fā)育成為成熟生物體的復(fù)雜的一系列信號，或者免疫系統(tǒng)對入侵病原體做出的協(xié)調(diào)反應(yīng)。）Networksofpeoplebringaboutculturesandsocieties,andnetworksofspeciesencompassecosystem.（人的網(wǎng)絡(luò)形成文化和社會，物種的網(wǎng)絡(luò)構(gòu)成了生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。）根據(jù)題干信息哪項(xiàng)不是元素相互關(guān)聯(lián)構(gòu)成更大的整體的例子。A選項(xiàng)“形成細(xì)胞的分子”，B選項(xiàng)“由有機(jī)體形成生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的”，C選項(xiàng)“病原體形成免疫系統(tǒng)”，D選項(xiàng)“細(xì)胞形成有機(jī)體”。A，B，D選項(xiàng)均是由小變大的例子。C選項(xiàng)根據(jù)原文，應(yīng)該是一個大的、整體性的免疫系統(tǒng)，會對小的、部分性的病原體做出協(xié)調(diào)反應(yīng)。因此C選項(xiàng)不符合題意。故選C。

53.詞義推測題。定位到原文Throughgenomicsmassiveamountsofbiologicalinformationcanbeconvertedintoanelectronicformat.Thisdirectlylinksthelifesciencestothedramaticallynewframeworkforunderstandinglife.（通過基因組學(xué)，大量的生物信息可以被轉(zhuǎn)換成電子格式。這直接使生命科學(xué)以全新框架來理解生命。）由此可判斷dramaticallynewframework“全新的框架”根據(jù)指示代詞this可知是指代前面的內(nèi)容即生物數(shù)據(jù)可以被轉(zhuǎn)換成電子格式，因此A選項(xiàng)“生物數(shù)據(jù)被轉(zhuǎn)換成一種新的形式”，正確，符合題意。B選項(xiàng)“免疫系統(tǒng)攻擊病原體”，C選項(xiàng)“基因研究得到了更多的聯(lián)邦資助”，D選項(xiàng)“人們利用各種力量來更好地了解人體”，均不符題意，可排除。故選A。

54.推理判斷題。定位在第四段Furthermore,informationalwayshasasenderandanintendedreceiver.Thisimpliesanunderlyingintent,meaning,orpurpose.Informationtheorythusmayseemunfitforthecoldobjectivismofscience.Thefocusoftheinformationscience,however,isnotsomuchoninformationcontent,butratheronhowmessagesareconveyedprocessed,andstored.（此外，信息往往有發(fā)送者和有意向的接收者。這隱含著一個潛在的意圖、意義或目的。信息理論因此似乎不適合科學(xué)的冰冷的客觀主義。信息科學(xué)的焦點(diǎn)，然而，與其說是在信息內(nèi)容上，不如說是在如何傳達(dá)、處理和存儲信息上。）根據(jù)關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)thus“因此”可知，信息理論似乎不適合科學(xué)的冰冷的客觀主義的原因在前一句中可以找到。即信息隱含著一個潛在的意圖、意義或目的。因此C選項(xiàng)“它表明，信息可能有意義或目的”正確，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“它可以通過聲波傳播”，B選項(xiàng)“它更適合商業(yè)工業(yè)而不是學(xué)術(shù)研究”，D選項(xiàng)“它分析生物信息”，均與題意不符。故選C。

55.推理判斷題。定位在最后一段Advancesinthisareahavebeengreatandhavehelpedtopropeltheremarkabledevelopmentofthecomputerandtelecommunicationindustries.Couldtheseforcesbeharnessedtobetterunderstandthehumanbodyandtoimprovehumanhealth?（信息科學(xué)的發(fā)展促使計(jì)算機(jī)和通訊產(chǎn)業(yè)的巨大發(fā)展，這是否應(yīng)該可以更好的幫助探索人體和改善人類健康呢？）以及文章的第一段Biologyisbeingrebornasaninformationscience,aprogenyoftheInformationAge.（生物學(xué)正在重生為一門信息科學(xué)，一門信息時(shí)代的產(chǎn)物。）Asinformationscientists,biologistsconcernthemselveswiththemessagesthatsustainlife,suchastheintricateseriesofsignalsthatledafertilizedeggtodevelopintoafull-grownorganism,ortheorchestratedresponsetheimmunesystemmakestoaninvadingpathogen.（作為信息科學(xué)家，生物學(xué)家關(guān)心的是維持生命的信息，比如使受精卵發(fā)育成為成熟生物體的復(fù)雜的一系列信號，或者免疫系統(tǒng)對入侵病原體做出的協(xié)調(diào)反應(yīng)。）由此可知，最后一段是對前面內(nèi)容的一些補(bǔ)充，因此A選項(xiàng)“它修飾了先前提出的一個理論”，正確，符合題意。B選項(xiàng)“它表明了基因組學(xué)的實(shí)際和潛在后果”，C選項(xiàng)“這引起了對基因組學(xué)價(jià)值的懷疑”，D選項(xiàng)“它為前面提到的問題提供了解決方案”，均與題意不符，可排除。故選A。

11.單選題

Themostwidespreadfallacyofallisthatcoldsarecausedbycold.Theyareactuallycausedbyvirusespassingonfrompersontoperson.Youcatchacoldbycomingintocontact,directlyorindirectly,withsomeonewhoalreadyhasone.Ifcoldcausescolds,itwouldbereasonabletoexpecttheEskimostosufferfromthemforever.Buttheydonot.AndintheisolatedArcticRegionsexplorershavereportedbeingfreefromcoldsuntilcomingintocontactagainwithinfectedpeoplefromtheoutsideworldbywayofpackagesandmaildroppedfromairplanes.

AttheCommonColdResearchUnitinEngland,volunteerstookpartinexperimentsinwhichtheygavethemselvestothediscomfortsofbeingcoldandwetforlongstretchesoftime.Aftertakinghotbaths,theyputonbathingsuits,allowedthemselvestobewithcoldwater,andthenstoodaboutdrippingwetindraftyrooms.Someworewetsocksalldaywhileothersexercisedintherainuntilclosetoexhaustion.Notoneofthevolunteerscamedownwithacoldunlessacoldviruswasactuallydroppedinhisnose.If,then,coldandwethavenothingtodowithcatchingcolds,whyaretheymorefrequentinthewinter?Despitethemostpains-takingresearch,noonehasyetfoundtheanswer.Oneexplanationofferedbyscientistsisthatpeopletendtostaytogetherindoorsmoreincoldweatherthanatothertimes,andthismakesiteasierforcoldvirusestobepassedon.Noonehasyetfoundacureforthecold.Therearedrugsandpainsuppressorssuchasaspirin,butalltheydoisrelievethesymptoms.

1.WhichofthefollowingdoesNOTagreewiththechosenpassage?

2.Arcticexplorersmaycatchcoldswhen（）.

3.VolunteersoftheexperimentsintheCommonColdResearchUnit（）.

4.Thepassagemainlydiscusses（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.TheEskimosdonotsufferfromcoldsallthetime.

B.Coldsarenotcausedbycold.

C.Peoplesufferfromcoldsjustbecausetheyliketostayindoors.

D.Apersonmaycatchacoldbytouchingsomeonewhoalreadyhasone.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theyareworkingintheisolatedArcticRegions

B.theyarewritingreportsinterriblycoldweather

C.theyarefreefromworkintheisolatedArcticRegions

D.theyarecorningintotouchagainwiththeoutsideworld

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.sufferedmuchfromcoldness

B.nevercaughtcolds

C.alwayscaughtcolds

D.becameverystrong

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.theexperimentsonthecommoncold

B.thevirusesofthecommoncold

C.thereasonandthewaypeoplecatchcolds

D.thecontinuedspreadofcommoncolds

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

【解析】第1題:1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

1.WhichofthefollowingdoesNOTagreewiththechosenpassage?1.下列哪一項(xiàng)與文章不一致？

A.TheEskimosdonotsufferfromcoldsallthetime.A.愛斯基摩人并不總是感冒。

B.Coldsarenotcausedbycold.B.感冒不是由寒冷引起的。

C.Peoplesufferfromcoldsjustbecausetheyliketostayindoors.C.人們患感冒只是因?yàn)樗麄兿矚g待在室內(nèi)。

D.Apersonmaycatchacoldbytouchingsomeonewhoalreadyhasone.D.一個人可能會因?yàn)榻佑|已經(jīng)感冒的人而感冒。

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第三句“科學(xué)家給出的一種解釋是，與其他時(shí)候相比，人們在寒冷的天氣里更傾向于待在室內(nèi)，這使得感冒病毒更容易傳播”，可知，這里是對冬天更容易感冒的解釋，并不是說人們患感冒是因?yàn)樗麄兿矚g待在室內(nèi)，故C項(xiàng)“人們患感冒只是因?yàn)樗麄兿矚g待在室內(nèi)”表述與原文不符合，但符合題意。故該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“愛斯基摩人并不總是感冒”，根據(jù)第一段第三和第四句“如果感冒是由寒冷引起的，那么愛斯基摩人將永遠(yuǎn)遭受感冒的折磨是有道理的。但事實(shí)并非如此?！笨芍?，感冒并不是寒冷引起的，所以愛斯基摩人不會總是感冒，該項(xiàng)符合原文，屬于反向干擾；

B項(xiàng)“感冒不是由寒冷引起的”，根據(jù)文章第一段第一句“最普遍的謬論（fallacy）是感冒是由寒冷引起的”，從fallacy（謬論）可知，感冒并不是由寒冷引起的，該項(xiàng)也符合原文，屬于反向干擾；

D項(xiàng)“一個人可能會因?yàn)榻佑|已經(jīng)感冒的人而感冒”，根據(jù)第一段第二句“感冒實(shí)際上是由人與人之間傳播的病毒引起的”可知，該項(xiàng)符合原文，屬于反向干擾。

第2題:2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

2.Arcticexplorersmaycatchcoldswhen______.2.當(dāng)______，北極探險(xiǎn)家可能會感冒。

A.theyareworkingintheisolatedArcticRegionsA.他們在與世隔絕的北極地區(qū)工作

B.theyarewritingreportsinterriblycoldweatherB.他們在極冷的天氣里寫報(bào)告

C.theyarefreefromworkintheisolatedArcticRegionsC.他們不用在與世隔絕的北極地區(qū)工作

D.theyarecorningintotouchagainwiththeoutsideworldD.他們又開始與外界接觸

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞Arcticexplorers定位至第一段最后一句“在與世隔絕的北極地區(qū)，探險(xiǎn)家們報(bào)告說，在通過從飛機(jī)上扔下的包裹和郵件與外界的感染者再次接觸之前，他們沒有感冒”，從中可知，探險(xiǎn)家們在接觸外界之前沒有感冒，這也就是說當(dāng)他們接觸外界時(shí)，他們可能會感冒，D項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“他們在與世隔絕的北極地區(qū)工作”，根據(jù)解題思路可知，該項(xiàng)與原文相反，屬于反向干擾；

B項(xiàng)“他們在極冷的天氣里寫報(bào)告”在原文沒有依據(jù)，屬于無中生有；

C項(xiàng)“他們不用在與世隔絕的北極地區(qū)工作”，根據(jù)原文可知，北極探險(xiǎn)家并不是因?yàn)樵谂c世隔絕的北極地區(qū)才沒感冒，而是沒有接觸帶有病毒的感染者，該項(xiàng)屬于偷換概念。

第3題:3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

3.VolunteersoftheexperimentsintheCommonColdResearchUnit______.3.在普通感冒研究中心做實(shí)驗(yàn)的志愿者_(dá)_____。

A.sufferedmuchfromcoldnessA.深受寒冷之苦

B.nevercaughtcoldsB.從來不感冒

C.alwayscau