考研考博-英語-六盤水幼兒師范高等專科學(xué)校考試押題卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-六盤水幼兒師范高等專科學(xué)校考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Thepoliceadmitted______amistakeinarrestinganinnocentman

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tomake

B.tohavemade

C.tohavingmade

D.tomaking

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。admittodoingsth.表示“承認(rèn)作某事”，為固定搭配?！胺稿e(cuò)”這個(gè)動詞發(fā)生在“承錯(cuò)誤”這個(gè)動作之前，根據(jù)admitted（admit的過去式）可知空格處應(yīng)為過去完成時(shí)，因此選C。句意：警方承認(rèn)在逮捕一名無辜男子時(shí)犯了錯(cuò)誤。

2.單選題

Inmostcountries,themetricsystemhasbeen（）forallmeasurement.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.admitted

B.adapted

C.applied

D.adopted

【答案】D

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。句意：在大多數(shù)國家，所有的計(jì)量都采用公制。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

3.單選題

Hetreatedatwenty-one-year-oldgirlwithastubborncaseofheadache.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.panic

B.persistent

C.severe

D.stern

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。stubborn表示“頑固的，頑強(qiáng)的”；A項(xiàng)panic“恐慌的”，B項(xiàng)persistent“執(zhí)著的，堅(jiān)持不懈的”，C項(xiàng)severe“嚴(yán)峻的，嚴(yán)厲的”，D項(xiàng)stern“嚴(yán)厲的，堅(jiān)定的”。句意：他治療了一個(gè)患有頑固性頭痛的21歲女孩。根據(jù)句意可知，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Nothinghaseverequaledthe____andspeedwithwhichthehumanspeciesisalteringthephysicalandchemicalworld.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.concern

B.magnitude

C.volume

D.carelessness

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.concern憂慮；關(guān)心B.magnitude（規(guī)模、重要性等）大的程度

C.volume（某物的）數(shù)量D.carelessness粗心大意

【考查點(diǎn)】語義銜接與名詞辨析

【解題思路】空格處所填詞與speed“速度”并列，并且the____andspeed后接了一個(gè)由withwhich引導(dǎo)的定語從句，其句意為“人類改變物理和化學(xué)世界”，由此可以推斷，B選項(xiàng)magnitude“（某事物）大或重要的程度”符合題意，themagnitudeandspeed指“人類改變物理和化學(xué)世界的程度和速度”。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)concern“憂慮；關(guān)心”，不符合原文語義銜接；

C選項(xiàng)volume“（某物的）數(shù)量”，側(cè)重于指某事物的量，如業(yè)務(wù)量、工作量；

D選項(xiàng)carelessness“粗心大意”，不符合原文語義銜接。

【句意】沒有什么能比得上人類改變物理和化學(xué)世界的程度和速度。

5.單選題

Weacceptanybodyregardless______nationality.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.to

B.for

C.of

D.in

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。B選項(xiàng)regardlessfor“尊重；考慮到”；C選項(xiàng)regardlessof“不管，無論”；A選項(xiàng)regardlessto和D選項(xiàng)regardlessin非固定搭配。句意：我們接受任何人，______國籍。根據(jù)語境，這里指接受每個(gè)國家的人，C選項(xiàng)regardlessof“不管，無論”符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Blackholesaren’texactlypoliteeaters.

Forthefirsttime,scientistsobservedablackholebothdevouringastarandrippingaplasma“burp”asitconsumeditsmeal—anincrediblyrarefind.Scientistshavepreviouslyseenablackholeconsumeastar,andthey’vealsoseenblackholesspewsuperheatedmatter,butthisisthefirsttimethey’veseenbotheventsoccursocloselytogether.Viewingthisparticulardisappearingactatthecenterofanearbygalaxyhasshedlightonapreviouslytheoreticalphenomenonandbroughtresearchersclosertounderstandingthephysicsofblackholes.

EversinceresearchersatOhioStateUniversitynoticedastarroughlythesizeofthesunbeingpulledintoablackholeinDecember2014,ateamofscientistsledbyJohnsHopkinsUniversityprofessorSjoertvanVelzenfixeditseyesonthehungryblackhole,locatedroughly300millionlightyearsfromEarth.Overthecourseofseveralmonths,vanVelzen’steamwatchedtheblackholesiphonmaterialfromthedoomedstaruntilitwasentirelydevoured.UsingacombinationofX-ray,radioandopticalsignals,theteamtrackedthestar’sdemiseacrossmultiplewavelengths,whichallowedthemtopiecetogetheramorecompletepictureofwhathappenswhenablackholesnacksonastar.

JetsofX-rayandgammarayradiationemanatingfromblackholeshavebeendocumentedbefore,butneverasadirectresultofastarbeingconsumed.Blackholesperiodicallyemitparticlesfromaccretiondisks,orringsofparticlescaughtintheirgravitationalpull.Ithadbeenhypothesizedthatasimilaremissionwouldoccurifalargebody,suchasastar,weredraggedintoablackhole.Scientists,however,hadneverbeenabletoobservesuchanevent.So,whenresearchersnoticedanabruptspikeinactivityaroundtheblackholebackin2014,theyknewtheywereabouttowatchsomethingspecial.Thesizeandintensityoftheflareruledoutthepossibilitythatitwascausedbytheblackhole’saccretiondisk,leavingfewotherpossibilities.

“Previouseffortstofindevidenceforthesejets,includingmyown,werelatetothegame,”vanVelzensaidinanewsrelease.

Becausetheycaughttheblackholeintheactthistime,researcherswereabletoconfirmthetheorythatblackholesemitflaresofradiationintheprocessofconsuminglargequantitiesofmatter.Whilethisphenomenonisstilllargelyamystery,itisthoughtthatthejetsarecausedbymagneticfieldsinteractingwiththeparticlesswirlingaroundablackhole.TheteampublishedtheirfindingsinthejournalScience.

“Thedestructionofastarbyablackholeisbeautifullycomplicated,andfarfromunderstood,”vanVelzensaid.“Fromourobservations,welearnthestreamsofstellardebriscanorganizeandmakeajetratherquicklywhichisvaluableinputforconstructingacompletetheoryoftheseevents.”

13.Itisthefirsttimethatscientistshavewitnessed（）.

14.SinceDecember2014,professorvanVelzenandhisteamhaveobservedandtracked（）.

15.Beforethisobservation,scientistsdidn’tknow（）.

16.AccordingtoprofessorvanVelzen,theoryabouttheeventsis（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ablackholeconsumeslargequantitiesofmatter

B.ablackholespewsuperheatedmatters

C.ablackholeconsumingastarandemittingradiation

D.ablackholeinteractswithanotherone

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.ablackholedevouringastarbiggerthanthesun

B.ablackhole300millionyearsfromEarth

C.thedevelopmentoftheblackholeforyears

D.theprocessofthestarbeingdevoured

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.blackholescanemitgammarayradiation

B.blackholescanemitX-rayradiation

C.blackholesemitsradiationswhenconsumingstars

D.blackholeshaveabruptspikeinactivityarounditself

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.complicated

B.innovate

C.mature

D.embryonic

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:D

【解析】13.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“firsttime”可以定位到文章第二段第一句Forthefirsttime,scientistsobservedablackholebothdevouringastarandrippingaplasma“burp”asitconsumeditsmeal—anincrediblyrarefind.（科學(xué)家首次觀測到一個(gè)黑洞吞噬了一顆恒星，并在吞噬恒星時(shí)撕裂了等離子體的“飽嗝”——這是一個(gè)極其罕見的發(fā)現(xiàn)。），這里的“飽嗝”指的是黑洞吞噬了恒星后發(fā)出了輻射。因此C選項(xiàng)“黑洞吞噬了一顆恒星并發(fā)出輻射”正確。A選項(xiàng)“黑洞會消耗大量的物質(zhì)”，B選項(xiàng)“黑洞噴出熱物質(zhì)”，D選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)黑洞與另一個(gè)黑洞相互影響”均不符合題意，所以A，B，D錯(cuò)誤。

14.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“professorvanVelzen”可以定位到文章第三段第一、二句EversinceresearchersatOhioStateUniversitynoticedastarroughlythesizeofthesunbeingpulledintoablackholeinDecember2014,ateamofscientistsledbyJohnsHopkinsUniversityprofessorSjoertvanVelzenfixeditseyesonthehungryblackhole,locatedroughly300millionlightyearsfromEarth.Overthecourseofseveralmonths,vanVelzen’steamwatchedtheblackholesiphonmaterialfromthedoomedstaruntilitwasentirelydevoured.（自從俄亥俄州立大學(xué)的研究人員在2014年12月注意到一顆與太陽差不多大小的恒星被拉入黑洞后，約翰霍普金斯大學(xué)的SjoertvanVelzen教授領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的科學(xué)家團(tuán)隊(duì)就把目光鎖定在了這個(gè)距離地球約3億光年的饑餓黑洞上。在幾個(gè)月的時(shí)間里，vanVelzen的團(tuán)隊(duì)看著黑洞從這顆注定要?dú)绲暮阈侵形∥镔|(zhì)，直到它被完全吞噬。），說明自從2014年12月以來，vanVelzen教授及其團(tuán)隊(duì)觀察并跟蹤了黑洞吞噬恒星的過程。因此D選項(xiàng)“恒星被吞噬的過程”正確。A選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)黑洞吞噬了一顆比太陽還大的恒星”，由原文可知，這顆恒星與太陽差不多大，所以A錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“距離地球3億年的黑洞”，由原文可知這個(gè)黑洞距離地球約3億光年，所以B錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“觀察了好幾年黑洞的發(fā)展”，由原文可知，他們觀察的時(shí)間是幾個(gè)月，所以C錯(cuò)誤。

15.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第四段第三、四句Ithadbeenhypothesizedthatasimilaremissionwouldoccurifalargebody,suchasastar,weredraggedintoablackhole.Scientists,however,hadneverbeenabletoobservesuchanevent.（有人曾假設(shè)，如果一個(gè)巨大的物體，比如一顆恒星，被拖進(jìn)黑洞，也會發(fā)生類似的輻射。然而，科學(xué)家們從未能夠觀察到這樣的事件。），說明在這次觀測之前，科學(xué)家們并不知道黑洞在吞噬恒星時(shí)也會產(chǎn)生輻射。因此C選項(xiàng)“黑洞吞噬恒星時(shí)會發(fā)出輻射”正確。A選項(xiàng)“黑洞可以發(fā)出伽馬射線輻射”，B選項(xiàng)“黑洞能發(fā)出X射線輻射”，D選項(xiàng)“黑洞在自身周圍有突然的活動峰值”均不符合題意，所以A，B，D錯(cuò)誤。

16.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章最后一段“Thedestructionofastarbyablackholeisbeautifullycomplicated,andfarfromunderstood,”vanVelzensaid.“Fromourobservations,welearnthestreamsofstellardebriscanorganizeandmakeajetratherquicklywhichisvaluableinputforconstructingacompletetheoryoftheseevents.”（“一顆恒星被黑洞毀滅的過程是非常復(fù)雜的，而且遠(yuǎn)未被理解，”vanVelzen說。“從我們的觀察中，我們了解到，恒星碎片流可以組織起來，并相當(dāng)迅速地形成噴射流，這對構(gòu)建這些事件的完整理論非常有價(jià)值。”），說明vanVelzen教授認(rèn)為關(guān)于這些事件的理論還處于初級階段。因此D選項(xiàng)“萌芽階段”正確。A選項(xiàng)“復(fù)雜”，B選項(xiàng)“創(chuàng)新”，C選項(xiàng)“成熟”均不符合題意，所以A，B，C錯(cuò)誤。

7.單選題

We’veallheardaboutendangeredanimals.Creatureslikethecriticallyendangeredblackrhinocerosarefamous.Butwhatarethemostendangeredplants?Theymightnotbeasexcitingorloveableasanimals,buttheyarejustasimportanttotheecosystem一andhumanityreliesonthatecosystem.

Herearethreeofthemostthreatenedplantstoday.（1）Theseplantsoccupysomeofthemostinaccessible,remotepartsofourplanet.Theyarethreatenedbyhabitatdestruction,illegalcollection,poaching,andcompetitionwithinvadingspecies.

Attenborough’spitcherplantisknownonlyfromtherelativelyinaccessiblesummitofMountVictoriainPalawaninthePhilippines.Therearethoughttobeonlyafewhundredofthem.

（2）

Attenborough’spitcherplantisoneofthebiggest,withpitchersupto30cminheightthatcantrapinsectsandrats.Itwasonlydiscoveredin2007whenateamofbotanists,tippedoffbytwoChristianmissionaries,scaledMountVictoria.

（3）

Thesuicidepalmisagiganticpalmfoundonlyinremotepartsofnorth-westMadagascar.Itlivesforabout50years,thenflowersonlyonce,anddiessoonafter.Suicidepalmswerediscoveredin2005byacashewplantationmanagerduringafamilyouting,andformallydescribedin2008.Withtrunksreaching18minheight,andhugefan-leavesupto5macross,thepalmscanbeseenonGoogleEarth.

（4）

Thecoraltree,withitsbrightredflowersandspinytrunk,occursonlyintheremoteforestsofsouth-eastTanzania.

（5）

However,theforestpatchwasclearedtogrowbiofuels,andthespecieswasfearedtohavegoneextinctagainuntilitwasre-rediscoveredto2011.Therearenowfewerthan50matureindividualsinthewild,inasingleunprotectedlocation.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Pitcherplantsarecarnivorousplantsthattrapanimalsinliquid-filledbowlscalledpitchers.

B.TheyarealmostallclassedascriticallyendangeredbytheInternationalUnionforConservationofNature(IUCN).

C.Itwasdeclaredextinctin1998，butrediscoveredin2001inasmallpatchofforest.

D.Asaresult,thepopulationhasdroppedmorethan95%overthelast20years.

E.Thereareonlyabout90inthewild.

F.ItisnamedafterBritishnaturalhistorybroadcasterDavidAttenborough.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Pitcherplantsarecarnivorousplantsthattrapanimalsinliquid-filledbowlscalledpitchers.

B.TheyarealmostallclassedascriticallyendangeredbytheInternationalUnionforConservationofNature(IUCN).

C.Itwasdeclaredextinctin1998，butrediscoveredin2001inasmallpatchofforest.

D.Asaresult,thepopulationhasdroppedmorethan95%overthelast20years.

E.Thereareonlyabout90inthewild.

F.ItisnamedafterBritishnaturalhistorybroadcasterDavidAttenborough.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Pitcherplantsarecarnivorousplantsthattrapanimalsinliquid-filledbowlscalledpitchers.

B.TheyarealmostallclassedascriticallyendangeredbytheInternationalUnionforConservationofNature(IUCN).

C.Itwasdeclaredextinctin1998，butrediscoveredin2001inasmallpatchofforest.

D.Asaresult,thepopulationhasdroppedmorethan95%overthelast20years.

E.Thereareonlyabout90inthewild.

F.ItisnamedafterBritishnaturalhistorybroadcasterDavidAttenborough.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Pitcherplantsarecarnivorousplantsthattrapanimalsinliquid-filledbowlscalledpitchers.

B.TheyarealmostallclassedascriticallyendangeredbytheInternationalUnionforConservationofNature(IUCN).

C.Itwasdeclaredextinctin1998，butrediscoveredin2001inasmallpatchofforest.

D.Asaresult,thepopulationhasdroppedmorethan95%overthelast20years.

E.Thereareonlyabout90inthewild.

F.ItisnamedafterBritishnaturalhistorybroadcasterDavidAttenborough.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Pitcherplantsarecarnivorousplantsthattrapanimalsinliquid-filledbowlscalledpitchers.

B.TheyarealmostallclassedascriticallyendangeredbytheInternationalUnionforConservationofNature(IUCN).

C.Itwasdeclaredextinctin1998，butrediscoveredin2001inasmallpatchofforest.

D.Asaresult,thepopulationhasdroppedmorethan95%overthelast20years.

E.Thereareonlyabout90inthewild.

F.ItisnamedafterBritishnaturalhistorybroadcasterDavidAttenborough.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:F

第4題:E

第5題:C

【解析】1.聯(lián)系上下文。前文中提及如今有三種極度瀕危的植物，由此可判斷，下面的內(nèi)容將進(jìn)一步說明這三種瀕危植物，選項(xiàng)B提及它們被國際自然保護(hù)聯(lián)盟認(rèn)定為極度瀕危的等級。句中they與上文的threeplants對應(yīng)，criticallyendangered與上文的mostthreatened呼應(yīng)。

2.聯(lián)系上下文?？崭窬涞那昂笪闹卸继峒傲薃ttenborough’spitcherplant,由此可知，空格句子也是有關(guān)該植物的，選項(xiàng)中只有A提及pitcherplant,與之呼應(yīng)。

3.聯(lián)系上下文。空格所在句的主要內(nèi)容為Attenborough’spitcherplant，選項(xiàng)F提到了Attenborough,指出豬籠草(pitcherplant)是以一個(gè)英國自然歷史播音員的名字命名的，與前句中提到的discovered...whenateamofbotanists呼應(yīng)。

4.聯(lián)系上下文。原文第四段介紹瀕臨滅絕的植物——自殺棕櫚，對其各項(xiàng)基本信息進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)說明，空格處句子也應(yīng)該是有關(guān)這種瀕危植物的介紹，選項(xiàng)E最符合

5.聯(lián)系上下文?？崭窬涞南挛闹刑峒皌heforestpatch,空格句子應(yīng)與之對應(yīng)，選項(xiàng)C中提及patchofforest。

8.單選題

Americansnolongerexpectpublicfigures,whetherinspeechorinwriting,tocommandtheEnglishlanguagewithskillandgift.Nordotheyaspiretosuchcommandthemselves.Inhislatestbook,DoingOurOwnThing:TheDegradationofLanguageandMusicandWhyWeShouldLike,Care,JohnMcWhorter,alinguistandcontroversialistofmixedliberalandconservativeviews,seesthetriumphof1960scounter-cultureasresponsibleforthedeclineofformalEnglish.

Blamingthepermissive1960sisnothingnew,butthisisnotyetanothercriticismagainstthedeclineineducation.Mr.McWhorter’sacademicspecialtyislanguagehistoryandchange,andheseesthegradualdisappearanceof“whom”,forexample,tobenaturalandnomoreregrettablethanthelossofthecase-endingsofOldEnglish.

Butthecultoftheauthenticandthepersonal,"doingourownthing",hasspeltthedeathofformalspeech,writing,poetryandmusic.Whileeventhemodestlyeducatedsoughtanelevatedtonewhentheyputpentopaperbeforethe1960s,eventhemostwell-regardedwritingsincethenhassoughttocapturespokenEnglishonthepage.Equally,inpoetry,thehighlypersonal,performativegenreistheonlyform,thatcouldclaimrealliveliness.InbothoralandwrittenEnglish,talkingistriumphingoverspeaking,spontaneityovercraft.

Illustratedwithanentertainingarrayofexamplesfrombothhighandlowculture,thetrendthatMr.McWhorterdocumentsisunmistakable.Butitislessclear,totakethequestionofhissubtitle:WhyWeShould,Like,Care.Asalinguist,heacknowledgesthatallvarietiesofhumanlanguage,includingnon-standardoneslikeBlackEnglish,canbepowerfullyexpressive—thereexistsnolanguageordialectintheworldthatcannotconveycomplexideas.Heisnotarguing,asmanydo,thatwecannolongerthinkstraightbecausewedonottalkproper.

Russianshaveadeeplovefortheirownlanguageandcarrylargechunksofmemorizedpoetryintheirheads,whileItalianpoliticianstendtoelaboratespeechthatwouldseemold-fashionedtomostEnglish-speakers.Mr.McWhorteracknowledgesthatformallanguageisnotstrictlynecessary,andproposesnoradicaleducationreforms—heisreallygrievingoverthelossofsomethingbeautifulmorethanuseful.WenowtakeourEnglish“onpaperplatesinsteadofchina”.Ashame,perhaps,butprobablyaninevitableone.

1.AccordingtoMcWhorter,thedeclineofformalEnglish（

）.

2.Theword“talking”(Line6,Paragraph3)denotes

（

）.

3.TowhichofthefollowingstatementswouldMcWhortermostlikelyagree?

4.ThedescriptionofRussians’loveofmemorizingpoetryshowstheauthor’s

（

）.

5.Accordingtothelastparagraph,“paperplates”isto“china”as（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.isinevitableinradicaleducationreforms

B.isbutalltoonaturalinlanguagedevelopment

C.hascausedthecontroversyoverthecounter-culture

D.broughtaboutchangesinpublicattitudesinthe1960s

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.modesty

B.personality

C.liveliness

D.informality

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Logicalthinkingisnotnecessarilyrelatedtothewaywetalk.

B.BlackEnglishcanbemoreexpressivethanstandardEnglish.

C.Non-standardvarietiesofhumanlanguagearejustasentertaining.

D.Ofallthevarieties,standardEnglishcanbestconveycomplexideas.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.interestintheirlanguage

B.appreciationoftheirefforts

C.admirationfortheirmemory

D.contemptfortheirold-fashionedness

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.‘"temporary’’isto“permanent”

B.“radical”isto“conservative”

C.“functional”isto“artistic”

D.“humble”isto“noble”

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第二段中的Mr.McWhorter’sacademicspecialtyislanguagehistoryandchange,andheseesthegradualdisappearanceof“whom”，forexample,tobenaturalandnomoreregrettablethanthelossofthecase-endingsofOldEnglish.（Mr.McWhorter的學(xué)術(shù)專長是語言的歷史和變化，例如，他認(rèn)為“誰”這一詞的逐漸消失是自然的，并不比失去古英語中的詞格尾綴的消失更令人遺憾）可知Mr.McWhorter認(rèn)為正式英語的衰變是一種自然的現(xiàn)象，因此選B。

2.詞義題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞talking定位到文章第三段中的InbothoralandwrittenEnglish,talkingistriumphingoverspeaking,spontaneityovercraft.（在英語口語和書面語中，交談戰(zhàn)勝了演講，自然表達(dá)勝過了精雕細(xì)琢），分析句子可知talkingistriumphingoverspeaking,spontaneityovercraft是對應(yīng)關(guān)系，talking對應(yīng)的spontaneity，specking對應(yīng)craft，可推測演講是需要精心準(zhǔn)備的，而談話則是自然隨意的，因此D選項(xiàng)“非正式的”符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第四段中heacknowledgesthatallvarietiesofhumanlanguage,includingnon-standardoneslikeBlackEnglish,canbepowerfullyexpressive—thereexistsnolanguageordialectintheworldthatcannotconveycomplexideas（他承認(rèn)，人類語言的所有種類，包括非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)語言，包括黑人英語這樣非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)語言，都具有很強(qiáng)的表達(dá)力。世界上沒有一種語言或方言不能表達(dá)復(fù)雜的思想）可知A選項(xiàng)“邏輯思維不一定與我們說話的方式有關(guān)”符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。由文章最后一段中的Mr.McWhorteracknowledgesthatformallanguageisnotstrictlynecessary,andproposesnoradicaleducationreforms—heisreallygrievingoverthelossofsomethingbeautifulmorethanuseful.（Mr.McWhorter承認(rèn)，正式的語言并不是絕對必要的，他并沒有提出任何激進(jìn)的教育改革——他其實(shí)只是為那些美好而不是實(shí)用品的消逝而感到遺憾）可知Mr.McWhorter認(rèn)同俄羅斯記住詩歌的做法，認(rèn)為是somethingbeautiful，對其做法是贊同的，因此B選項(xiàng)“贊賞他們的努力”。

5.推理判斷題。由heisreallygrievingoverthelossofsomethingbeautifulmorethanuseful（他其實(shí)只是為那些美好而不是實(shí)用品的消逝而感到遺憾）可推測paperplates（紙盤）指的是實(shí)用性，而china（瓷盤）指美，具有藝術(shù)性，因此選C。

9.單選題

Sinceyouareastudent,youmust（）bytheschooldiscipline.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.conform

B.stand

C.abide

D.sustain

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。conform“符合，遵守”，一般和介詞to或with搭配；stand“站立”，后接介詞by意為“袖手旁觀”；abide“容忍，遵守”，后接介詞by意為“遵守，信守，承擔(dān)……的后果”；sustain“維持，支撐”，是及物動詞。句中所表達(dá)的意思是學(xué)生要遵守學(xué)校的紀(jì)律，所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

10.翻譯題

SectionBChinesetoEnglish(20points)

TranslatethefollowingtextintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationonyourANSWERSHEET.

（40）土壤和土地資源支撐著全球可持續(xù)發(fā)展，它們還是我們與窮困、食品不安全和氣候變化作斗爭的關(guān)鍵元素。與其他自然資源復(fù)雜地交織在一起，土壤是水、能源和食品安全鏈條中（nexus）不可分割的組成部分。由于風(fēng)沙和水的侵蝕，世界每年失去約240億噸肥沃的土壤。

（41）土壤和土地的惡化（degradation）不僅是一個(gè)物理或生物化學(xué)問題，而且常常與社會經(jīng)濟(jì)各方面相聯(lián)系。貧窮和被邊緣化的人口通常最容易受土壤和土地惡化的影響，因?yàn)橥ǔＪ撬麄儞碛羞@些惡化的土地。

（42）為了使貧困的小規(guī)模農(nóng)業(yè)耕種社區(qū)達(dá)到食品安全要求，并且根除（eradicate）極端貧困，我們需要處理與土地惡化相關(guān)的一系列復(fù)雜問題。土壤和土地惡化既是技術(shù)問題，也是管理（governance）問題。

【答案】40.Soilsandlandresourcesunderpinglobalsustainabledevelopment,andtheyarekeyelementsinourfightagainstpoverty,foodinsecurityandclimatechange.Intertwinedwithothernaturalresourcescomplicatedly,soilisanintegralpartofthewater,energy,andfoodsecuritynexus.Duetotheerosionofwindanddustaswellaswater,theworldlosesabout24billiontonsoffertilesoileveryyear.

41.Soilandlanddegradationnotonlyinvolvesphysicalorbiochemicalproblems,butalsooftenrelatedtosocialandeconomicaspects.Poorandmarginalizedpopulationsareusuallythemostvulnerabletosoilandlanddegradation,astheyareusuallytheoneswhoownthedeterioratedland.

42.Inorderforpoorsmall-scalefarmingcommunitiestomeetfoodsafetyrequirementsandtoeradicateextremepoverty,weneedtoaddressasetofcomplexissuesassociatedwithlanddegradation.Soilandlanddegradationisasmuchamatterofgovernanceasoftechnology.

11.單選題

Hewould,wheninoffice,（）thatallsecretdatabemadepublic.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.secure

B.ensure

C.assure

D.certify

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。secure“保護(hù);弄到”；ensure“確保;保證”；assure“使（某人）確信（某事）；使信服，使相信”；certify“證明”。只有B項(xiàng)符合題意。句意：當(dāng)他執(zhí)政時(shí)，他會確保所有機(jī)密數(shù)據(jù)都要公布于眾。

12.單選題

Itmightbesupposedthatgreaterefficiencyshouldbeachievedifseveralpeoplecollaboratetosolveaproblemthanifonlyoneindividualworksonit.Theassumptionisbynomeansinvariablytrue.

Althoughgroupsoftenmayincreasethemotivationoftheirmemberstodealwithproblems,thereisacounter-balancingneedtocontendwithconflictsarisingamongmembersofagroupandtogiveitcoherentdirections.Problem-solvingisfacilitatedbythepresenceofaneffectiveleaderwhonotonlyprovidesdirectionbutpermitstheorderly,constructiveexpressionofavarietyofopinions;muchoftheleader’seffortmaybedevotedtoresolvingdifferences.Successinproblem-solvingalsodependsonthedistributionofabilitywithinagroup.Solutionssimplymayreflectthepresenceofanoutstandingindividualwhomightperformevenbetterbyhimself.

Althoughgroupsmayreachagreaternumberofcorrectsolutions,ormayrequirelesstimetodiscoverananswer,theirnetman-hourefficiencyistypicallylowerthanthatachievedbyskilledindividualsworkingalone.

Aprocesscalledbrainstorminghasbeenofferedasamethodoffacilitatingtheproductionofnewsolutionstoproblems.Inbrainstorming,aproblemispresentedtoagroupofpeoplewhothenproceedtoofferwhatevertheycanthinkof,regardlessofqualityandwithasfewinhibitionsaspossible.Theoreticallytheseunrestrictedsuggestionsincreasetheprobabilitythatatleastsomesuperiorsolutionswillemerge.Nevertheless,studiesshowthatwhenindividualsworkaloneundersimilarconditions,performancetendstoproceedmoreefficientlythanitdoesingroups.

Underspecialcircumstances,however,agroupmaysolveproblemsmoreeffectivelythandoesareasonablycompetentindividual.Groupmembersmaycontributedifferent(andessential)resourcestoasolutionthatnoindividualcanreadilyachievealone;suchpoolingofinformationandskillscanmakegroupachievementssuperiorindealingwithselectedproblems.Sometimessocialdemandsmayrequiregroupagreementonasinglealternative,asinformulatingnationaleconomicormilitarypoliciesunderdemocraticgovernments.Whenonlyoneamongseveralalternativesolutionsiscorrect,evenifagrouprequiresmoretime,ithasahigherprobabilityofidentifyingtherightonethandoesanindividualalone.

1.Inthispassage,theauthorarguesthatthinkingingroups（）

2.Thephrase‘contendwith’inParagraphTwomostprobablymeans（）

3.Accordingtotheauthor,comparedwithanindividual,agroup（）

4.Theword‘brainstorming’inParagraphFourroughlymeans（）

5.Itcanbeseenfromthepassagethatagroupwillbemoreefficientin（）

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.isthebestwaytosolveanyproblems

B.isbynomeansusefulinproblem-solving

C.mayresultineffectiveproblem-solvingundercertaincircumstances

D.willinevitablyproducegreaterefficiencyinproblem-solvingthanindividualthinking

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.handle

B.arguewith

C.satisfy

D.competewith

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.mayneedmoretimetodiscoverananswer

B.needsaneffectiveleadertoprovidedirection

C.oftenfailstoresolveconflictsamongitsmembers

D.willalwaysproducebettersuggestions

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.offeringamethodoffacilitatingtheproductionofnewsolutionstoproblems

B.unrestrainedofferingofideasandsuggestionsbyagroupofpeopletoseeksolutionstoproblems

C.increasingtheefficiencyinproblem-solvingbyworkingwitheachother

D.forcingpeopletoworktogethertosolveaproblem

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.solvingproblemsthatneedintensivestudy

B.analyzinginformationanddata

C.dealingwithnationalproblems

D.selectingthebestsolutiontoaproblem

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)最后一段的第一句“Underspecialcircumstances,however,agroupmaysolveproblemsmoreeffectivelythandoesareasonablycompetentindividual.”在特殊情況下，一個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)可能比一個(gè)有能力的人更有效地解決問題。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

2.詞義題。根據(jù)原文可知，這里指需要處理好成員之間的沖突，選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段的第二句“Problem-solvingisfacilitatedbythepresenceofaneffectiveleader…”一個(gè)有效的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者的存在有助于解決問題。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

4.語義題。根據(jù)第四段的第二句“Inbrainstorming,aproblemispresentedtoagroupofpeoplewhothenproceedtoofferwhatevertheycanthinkof,regardlessofqualityandwithasfewinhibitionsaspossible.”頭腦風(fēng)暴指提供一個(gè)問題給一群人，然后他們會談?wù)撍芟氲降娜魏螙|西，而不管質(zhì)量如何，并且盡可能不受限制。也就是說一群人無拘無束地提出想法和建議，尋求問題的解決方案；選項(xiàng)B正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)最后一段的最后兩句可知：在處理國家問題上，集體比個(gè)人更有效率。

13.單選題

Thepatternsofspokenlanguageare（）fromthoseofwriting.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.distinct

B.distinctive

C.distinguished

D.distinguishing

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)distinct“獨(dú)特的，有區(qū)別的”，bedistinctfrom=bedifferentfrom，表示“與……不同”；B選項(xiàng)distinctive“有特色的，與眾不同的”；C選項(xiàng)distinguished“卓越的，著名的”；D選項(xiàng)distinguishing“有區(qū)別的”，英語中沒有bedistinguishingfrom這樣搭配。句意：口語的模式不同于書面語的模式。由選項(xiàng)意思和句意可知，A選項(xiàng)符合句意。

14.單選題

Rockmusicusually______theyoungpeopleinmostcountries.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.appliesto

B.appealsto

C.amazes

D.actress

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)appliesto“適用于；向……提出申請”；B選項(xiàng)appealsto“呼吁；要求；對……有吸引力”；C選項(xiàng)amazes“使吃驚”；D選項(xiàng)actress“女演員”。句意：搖滾樂通常______大多數(shù)國家的年輕人。根據(jù)語境，這里B選項(xiàng)appealsto“對……有吸引力”搭配youngpeople比較合理，意思指年輕人喜歡搖滾樂。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

Improvementsinqualitycontroltechniqueshaveresultedinmorehigh-qualityproductswithveryfew______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.failures

B.defects

C.routes

D.spots

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。failures“失敗”；defects“缺點(diǎn)”；routes“路線”；spots“斑點(diǎn)”。句意：質(zhì)量控制技術(shù)的改進(jìn)使產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量更高，缺陷更少。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

16.單選題

Comewhat（

）,we'renotgoingtomakeanyconcessionstohisunreasonabledemands.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.must

B.should

C.can

D.may

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。comewhatmay意為“無論如何，不管怎樣，無論發(fā)生什么事”。

句意：無論如何，我們不會對他的不合理要求作出任何讓步。

17.填空題

Anyparentwithachild(1)______theagesof3and11cantellyou(2)______technologyhascreptintonearly(3)______aspectsofplaytimeandnearlyeverytypeoftoy.TheHyperDash,introducedrecentlyfromWildPlanet,isa(4)______inpoint."It'stheperfectblendoftechnology,learningandexercise,"saysaneducationalpsychologist.WildPlanethas(5)______unveiledayoungerversionofHyperDash,forkids3to5,(6)______AnimalScramble,whichisdue(7)______storesinSeptember.In(8)______,thefirmwillsoonreleaseHyperJump."Playandtechnologyare(9)______,"saysClaireGreenofthenonprofitParents'ChoiceFoundation."There's(10)____puttingthegeniebackinthebottle."

ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthenexplaininyourownEnglishtheexactmeaningofthenumberedandunderlinedparts.PutyouranswersonANSWER

【答案】1.between

2.that

3.all

4.case

5.already

6.called

7.in

8.addition

9.merging

10.no

【解析】1.考查介詞。空格前是“child”，后面是年齡區(qū)間，因此表示“年齡在3到11歲之間的孩子”，應(yīng)填入between。

2.考查關(guān)系詞用法?？崭袂坝袆釉~tell，后面應(yīng)為“告訴你”的具體內(nèi)容，而后面句子中不缺少其他成分，因此填入that即可。

3.考查上下文語義?？萍紟缀跎婕皧蕵窌r(shí)間的……方面。應(yīng)填入all。

4.考查固定搭配。上文說到，科技幾乎涉及所有類型的玩具，因此這里應(yīng)是舉出實(shí)例，acaseinpoint“恰當(dāng)?shù)睦印?。?yīng)填入case。

5.考查副詞用法。此處為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，不缺主要成分，因此空格處是修飾詞。聯(lián)系上下文，本句是說WildPlanet已經(jīng)公布了一種為年齡更小的孩子所設(shè)計(jì)的版本。

6.考查上下文語義?？崭窈笫且粋€(gè)專有名詞，空格前是這個(gè)名詞的解釋，因此填入called。

7.考查介詞用法。在商場銷售應(yīng)使用介詞in搭配。

8.考查上下文語義。上文說到公司的一些舉措，空格后又提到了公司將發(fā)布HyperJump，說明是又一項(xiàng)舉措，inaddition“另外”符合題意，

9.考查上下文語義。綜合全文，本文說的是游戲和科技的密切關(guān)聯(lián)，它們正融合在一起。因此填入merging。

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