上海市上海中學(xué)2019-2020學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期英語(yǔ)周練試題(1)Word版含答案

上海中學(xué)2019-2020學(xué)年高三英語(yǔ)周練GrammarandVocabulary最新試卷多少汗水曾灑下,多少期待曾播種,終是在高考交卷的一剎塵埃落地,多少記憶夢(mèng)中惦記,多少青春付與流水,人生,總有金榜題名，高考必勝！蟬鳴聲里勾起高考記憶三年的生活，每天睡眠不足六個(gè)小時(shí)，十二節(jié)四十五分鐘的課加上早晚自習(xí)，每天可以用完一支中性筆，在無(wú)數(shù)杯速溶咖啡的刺激下，依然活蹦亂跳，當(dāng)我穿過(guò)昏暗的清晨走向教學(xué)樓時(shí)，我看到了遠(yuǎn)方地平線上漸漸升起的黎明充滿自信，相信自己很多考生失利不是輸在知識(shí)技能上而是敗在信心上，覺得自己不行。臨近考試前可以設(shè)置完成一些小目標(biāo)，比如說(shuō)今天走1萬(wàn)步等，考試之前給自己打氣，告訴自己"我一定行” ！溫馨提示：多少汗水曾灑下，多少期待曾播種，終是在高考交卷的一剎塵埃落地，多少記憶夢(mèng)中惦記，多少青春付與流水，人生，總有一次這樣的成敗，才算長(zhǎng)大。 高考保持心平氣和，不要緊張，像對(duì)待平時(shí)考試一樣去做題，做完檢查一下題目，不要直接交卷，檢查下有沒有錯(cuò)的地方，然后耐心等待考試結(jié)束。一次這樣的成敗，才算長(zhǎng)大。SectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagesbelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.(A)Weknowthefamousones-theThomasEdisonsandtheAlexanderGrahamBells-butwhataboutthe__26(famous)inventors?Whataboutthepeoplewhoinventedthetrafficlightandthewindshieldwiper?Shouldn'tweknowwhotheyare?JoanMcLeanthinksso.Infact,McLean,aprofessorofphysicsatMountainUniversityinRange,feelssostronglyaboutthismatter_27she'sdevebpedacourseonthetopic.Inadditiontolearning"who"invented"what",however,McLeanalsolikesherstudentstolearntheanswerstothe"why"and"how"questions.AccordingtoMcLean,Whenstudentslearntheanswerstothesequestions,theyarebetterpreparedtorecognizeopportunitiesforinventingandmoremotivatedtogive_28atry.So,justwhatisthestorybehindthewindshieldwiper?Well,MaryAndersoncameupwiththeideain1902afteravisittoNewYorkCity.Thedaywascoldandstormy,butAndersonstillwantedtoseethesights,soshejumpedaboardastreetcar.Noticingthatthedriverwasstrugglingtosee_29thesnowcoveringthewindshield,shefoundherself_30whtherecouldn'tbeabuiltindeviceforcleaningthewindow.StillwonderingaboutthiswhenshereturnedhometoBirmingham,Alabama,Andersonstarteddraftingoutsolutions.Oneofherideas,alever(操作桿)ontheinsideofavehiclethatwouldcontrol31armontheoutside,becamethefirstwindshieldwiper.Todaywebenefitfromcountlessinventionsandinnovations.It'shardtoimaginedrivingwithoutGarrettA.Morgan'strafficlight.It'sequallyimpossibletopictureaworldwithoutKatherineJ.Blodgett'sinnovationthatmakesglassinvisible._32youpicturelifewithoutclearwindowsandeyeglasses?(B)Thereareafewthingsinlifemoreirritating:youaremidconversationwithafriend,andsuddenlysheburstsoutlaughing,33(make)youthinkyouvmadeabrilliantjoke.Butthenshesays, “Sorry,Iwasn'tlaughingatyou.Ijustsawsomeunionremicroblog.Nfowthewholeworldisbeginningtolosepatiencewiththisphenomenonknownasphubbing:snubbingothersinasocialsetting_34checkingyourphone.Infact,phubbingisjustonesymptomofourincreasingdependenceonmobilephonesandtheInternetwhichisreplacingnormalsocialinteraction.AccordingtoarecentpollcarriedoutbyaSundaynewspaperinBritain,athirdofBritons_35(survey)admittedtobeingphubbersandmorethanaquartersaidtheywouldanswertheirphonesinthemiddleofafacetofaceconversation.36pointingrpickingyournose,phubbingisalsowidelyconsideredrudebehaviorinpublicplaces.Lately,aStopPhubbingcampaigngrouphasstartedinAustraliaandatleastfive_37havesprungupinitswake_38angeranddiscontentatthelackofmannersgrow.Thecampaign'screator,AlexHaigh,23,fromMelbourne,said:Agroupoffriendsand1_39(chat)theotherdaywhensomeoneraisedhoannoyingbeingignoredbypeopleonmobileswas."Hehascreatedawebsite_40companiescaovdnloadposterstodiscouragephubbingandevenplacardsforweddings.SectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.purposefulB.rolledC.issuedD.majorityE.industrialAB.unityAC.sourceAD.freshAE.shapedBC.risenBD.admittedRecentlytheDepartmentofPlanningofNewYork_41areportwhichlaidbareafullscaleofthecity.In1970,18percentofthecity'spopulationwasforeign-born.By1995,thefigurehad42to33percent,andanother20percentweretheUS-bornoffspringofimmigrants.Soimmigrantsandtheirchildrennowform.a(n)_43ofthecity'spopulation.WhoaretheseNewYorkers?Whydotheycomehere?Wherearetheyfrom?OK,timetodropthe"they".I'moneofthethem.Thelastquestionatleastiseasytoanswer:wecomefromeverywhere.Inthelistofthetop2044nationsofthosesendingimmigrantstoNewYorkbetween1990and1994aresixcountriesinAsia,fiveintheCaribbean,four'inLatinAmerica,threeinEurope,plusIsraelandformerSovietUnion.Andwhenweimmigrantsgotherewe45upoursleeves. "IfyouarenotreadytoworkwhenyougettoNewYork,"saysafriendofmine, "you'dbetterhittheroad. ”ThemayorofNewYorkoncesaid,"Immigrationhas__46theuniquecharacteranddrivetheeconomicengineofNewYorkCity."HebelievesthatimmigrantsareattheheartofwhatmakesNowYorkgreat.InEurope,bycontrast,itismuchmorecommontohearpoliticiansworryaboutthelossof"_47"thatimmigrationbringstotheirsocieties.Inthequartercentury'since1970,theUnitedStates__48about12.5millionlegalimmigrants,andhasabsorbedthemintoitssocialstructureswithaneasebeyondtheimaginationofothernations.Sincetheseimmigrantsare__49 andhard-working,theywillhelpAmericatomakea(n)_50startinthenextcentury.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Everyoneinbusinesshasbeentoldthatsuccessisallaboutattractingandretaining(留住)customers.Itsoundssimpleandachievable.But,__51__,wordsofwisdomaresoonforgotten.Oncecompanieshaveattractedcustomerstheyoften__52__thesecondhalfofthestory.Intheexcitementofbeatingoffthecompetition,negotiatingprices,securingorders,anddeliveringtheproduct,managerstendtobecomecarriedaway.Theyforgetwhattheyregardastheboringsideofbusiness--__53__thatthecustomerremainsacustomer.__54__toconcentrateonretainingaswellasattractingcustomerscostsbusinesshugeamountsofmoneyannually.Ithasbeenestimatedthattheaveragecompanylosesbetween10and30percentofitscustomerseveryyear.Inconstantlychanging__55__,thisisnotsurprising.Whatissurprisingisthefactthatfewcompanieshaveanyideahowmanycustomerstheyhavelost.Onlynowareorganizationsbeginningtowakeuptothoselostopportunitiesandcalculatethe__56__implications.Cuttingdownthenumberofcustomersacompanylosescanmakeabig__57__initsperformance.ResearchintheUSfoundthatafivepercentdecreaseinthenumberofdefecting(流失的)customersledto__58__increasesofbetween25and85percent.IntheUS,Domino'sPizzaestimatesthataregularcustomerisworthmorethan$5,000overtenyears.Acustomerwhoreceivesapoorqualityproductorserviceontheirfirstvisitand__59__neverreturns,islosingthecompanythousandsofdollarsin__60__profits(moreifyouconsiderhowmanypeopletheyarelikelytotellabouttheirbadexperience).Thelogicbehindcultivatingcustomer__61__isimpossibletodeny.”[practicemostcompaniesmarketingeffortisfocusedongettingcustomers,withlittleattentionpaidto__62__them ”,saysAdrianPayneofCornfieldUniversity 'SchoolofManagement.suggeststhatthereisacloserelationshipbetweenretainingcustomersandmakingprofits.

__63__customerstendtobuymore,arepredictableandusuallycostlesstoservicethannewcustomers.Furthermore,theytendtobelessprice__64__,andmayprovidefreeword-of-mouthadvertising.Retainingcustomersalsomakesit__65__forcompetitorstoenteramarketorincreasetheirshareofamarket.51..A.inparticularB.inrealityC.atleastD.firstofall52.A.emphasizeB.doubtC.overlookD.believe53.A.DenyingB.ensuringC.arguingD.proving54.A.MovingB.HopingC.StartingD.Failing55..A.marketsB.tastesC.pricesD.expenses56.A.cultureB.socialC.financialD.economical57.A.promiseB.planC.mistakeD.difference58.A.costB.opportunityC.profitD.budget59.A.asaresultB.onthewholeC.inconclusionD.onthecontrary60.A.hugeB.potentialC.extraD.reasonable61.A.beliefsB.loyaltyC.habitsD.interest62.A.alteringB.understandingC.keepingD.Attracting63.A.AssumedB.RespectedC.EstablishedD.Unexpected64.A.agreeableB.flexibleC.friendlyD.sensitive65.A.unfairB.difficultC.essentialD.convenientSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,D.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)Ifyouareamaleandyouarereadingthis,congratulations:youareasurvivor.Accordingtostatistics,youaremorethantwiceaslikelytodieofskincancerthanawoman,andninetimesmorelikelytodieofAIDS.Assumingyoumakeittotheendofyournaturalterm,about78yearsformeninAustralia,youwilldieonaveragefiveyearsbeforeawoman.Therearemanyreasonsforthis,mentakemorerisksthanwomenandaremorelikelytodrinkandsmoke,butperhapsmoreimportantly,mendon'tgotothedoctor."Menaren'tseeingdoctorsasoftenastheyshould,"saysDr.Gullotta,"Thisisparticularlysofortheover-40s,whendiseasestendtostrike."oinganythingaboutGullottasaysahealthymanshouldvisitthedoctoreveryyearortwo.Forthoseover45,itshouldbeatleastonceayear.oinganythingaboutTwomonthsagoGullottasawa50-year-oldmanwhohaddelayeddhissmoker'scoughforayear.WhenIfinallysawhimithadalreadyspreadandhehassincediedfromlingcancer, "hesays, “Earlierdetectionandtreatmentmaynothavecuredhim,butitwouldhaveprolongedhislife."Accordingtoarecentsurvey,95%ofwomenagedbetween15andearly40sseeadoctoronceayear,comparedto70%ofmeninthesameagegroup."Alotofmenthinktheyareinvincible（不可戰(zhàn)勝的）"Gullottasays"Theyonlycomeinwhenafrienddropsdeadonthegolfcourseandtheythink'Geez,ifitcouldhappentohim,…"'Thenthereistheostrich（鴕鳥）approach,"Somemenarescaredofwhatmightbethereandwouldrathernotknow,"saysDr.RossCartmill."Mostmengettheircarsservicedmoreoftenthantheyservicetheirbodies,"Cartmillsays.Hebelievesmostdiseasesthatcommonlyaffectmencouldbeaddressedbypreventivecheck-ups.Regularcheck-upsformenwouldinevitably（不可避免地）placestressonthepublicpurse.Cartmillsays."Butpreventionischeaperinthelongrunthanhavingtotreatthediseases.Besides,theultimatecostisfargreater.It 'esacoflledprematured66.Whydoestheauthorcongratulatehismalereadersatthebeginningofthepassage?Theyaremorelikelytosufferdiseasestoday.Theiraveragelifespanhasbeenconsiderablyextended.Theyhavelivedlongenoughtoredthisarticle.Theyaresuretoenjoyalongerandhappierlife.67.Whichofthefollowingbestcompletesthesentence"Geez,ifitcouldhappentohim,paragraph8?itcouldhappentome,too.IshouldavoidplayinggolfIshouldconsidermyselflucky.itwouldbeabigmisfortune.68WhatdoesDr.RossCartmillmeanby"theostrichapproach"inparagraph9?A.casualattitudetowardsone'shealthconditions.Anewtreatmentforcertainpsychologicalproblems.Refusaltogetmedicaltreatmentforfearofthepaininvolved.Unwillingnesstofindoutaboutone'sdiseasebecauseoffear.69.WhatdoesCartmillsayaboutregularcheck-upsformen?Theymayincreasepublicexpenses.Theywillsavemoneyinthelongrun.Theymaycausepsychologicalstressonmen.Theywillenablementoliveaslongaswomen.(B)Doctorshavebeenadvisingusforyearsto"useitorloseit":thatis,tostayasintellectuallyactiveaspossibleintoourwaningyearsinordertoavoiddementia.Butthelatestresearchshowsthatbraintrainingcomesataprice.Inastudyof1,157menandwomenage65orolder,researchersledbyDr.RobertWilsonatRushUniversityMedicalCenterinChicagofoundthatpeoplewhoremainedintellectuallystimulated—byplayingcardsorothergames,readingorvisitingmuseums—werediagnosedwithdementialaterthanthosewhowerenotascognitivelyactive.Butoncedementiasetin,thegroupwhoparticipatedinmentallystimulatingactivitiesexperiencedamuchmorerapidcognitivedecline.Overthe12-yearstudy,foreachadditionalpointtheygainedonameasureofcognitiveactivity,theintellectuallystimulatedgroupexperienceda52%greaterdeclineincognitiveimpairment,afterbeingdiagnosedwithdementia.“Brainactivityisnotstoppingtheunderlyingneurobiologyofdementia,butforawhile,itseemstobeeffectiveindelayingtheadditionalappearanceofsymptoms,"saysWilson."Butthebenefitofdelayingtheinitialsymptomscomesatthecostofmorerapidprogressionofdementiaonceitmakesitsappearance."WhilebrainexercisescanhelpthebraincontinuetofunctiondespitetheaccumulatingbiologicalchangesunderlyingdementiaandAlzheimer's,atsomepoint,saysWilson,thescalestip—thatactivitycannolongercompensateforthegrowingvolumeofdeterioratingalterationsinthebrain."Atthatpoint,thepatientisprettymuchatthemercyofthepathology,"hesays.Andthat'swhy,oncethesymptomsofdementiabecomeobvious,thosewhowereabletopushofftheirdiagnosisarelikelytobeatamoreadvancedstageofdisease.Thefindings,publishedWednesdayinNeurology,shouldnotdiscouragepeoplefromremainingcognitivelyactive,saysDr.WilliamThies,chiefmedicalofficeroftheAlzheimer'sAssociation,andinfactraisesinterestingquestionsabouthowweasasocietyshouldapproachage-relatedbrainchanges.Surveysconsistentlyshowthatmostofuswouldprefertoremainasfunctionallyintactaspossibleandexperienceashortperiodofphysicalormentaldisabilitybeforedeath.Gradualcognitivedecline,whichisthehallmarkofAlzheimer'sdisease,ischallengingforpatients,theircaregiversandsociety,asthehealthcostsofchroniccarecontinuetoclimb.Butthecurrentstudysuggeststhatmorepeoplemaybeabletotelescopetheirmentaldeclineintoashorterandmoreconcentratedtimeperiod."Ithinktheresultssuggestedbythispaperaresomethingthatpeoplewouldregardaspositive,"hesays."Andthisisthesortofstudywereallyneedifweareevergoingtounderstandhowtomanageallaspectsofdementiaasasociety."

Theword“dementia"canbebestreplacedby.A.mentaldiseaseB.braindamageC.cognitivedeclineD.BiologicalchangesThesentenceunderlinedsuggeststhatwhenthebrainexercisescannolongercompensatefortheworseningalterationsinthebrain,.thevolumeoftheworseningalterationsinbraindeterminestheseriousnessofthediseasethepatientnolongerneedstodobrainexercisesandhastobetakencareofbythedoctorsthedoctorscanonlytreatthepatientbasedonhispathologicalconditionstheaccumulatingbiologicalchangesunderlyingdementiacan'tbeignoredbythepatient72.AccordingtoDr.WilliamThies,thefindingsshouldbeviewedas.A.discouraging B.interesting C.challenging D.positiveWhatcanweinferfromthepassage?Braintrainingisveryexpensiveforthosewhowanttostaycognitivelyactive.ThecostsoftakingcareofanAlzheimer 'spatientcontinuetogoup.Thosewhodobrainexerciseswilldefinitelysufferfromdementiaatlast.Weneedmorestudiestounderstandhowtomanagedementiaasasociety.（C）ThemodernOlympicGames,foundedin1896,beganascontestsbetweenindividuals,ratherthanamongnations,withthehopeofpromotingworldpeacethroughsportsmanship.Inthebeginning,thegameswereopenonlytoamateurs.Anamateurisapersonwhoseinvolvementinanactivity--fromsportstoscienceorthearts--ispurelyforpleasureAmateurs,whatevertheircontributionstoafield,expecttoreceivenoformofcompensation;professional,incontrast,performtheirworkinordertoearnaliving.Fromtheperspectiveofmanyathletes,however,theOlympicplayingfiledhasbeenfarfromlevel.RestrictingtheOlympictoamateurshasprecluded（排除）theparticipationofmanywhocouldnotaffordtobeunpaid.Countrieshavealwaysdesiredtosendtheirbestathletes,nottheirwealthiestones,totheOlympicGames.Aslenderandimpreciselineseparateswhatwecall“financialsupport"from"earningmoney."Doathletesearnfmoyeyrereimbursed（補(bǔ)償）money."Doathletesearnfmoyeyrereimbursed（補(bǔ)償）fortravelexpenses?Whatiftheyarepaidfortimelostatworkoriftheyacceptfreeclothingfromamanufactureroriftheyteachsportsforaliving?TherunnerEricLiddellwasthesonofpoormissionaries;in1924theBritishOlympicCommitteefinancedhistriptotheOlympics,wherehewonagol dandabronzemedal.CollegescholarshipsandsupportfromtheUnitedStatesOlympicCommitteemadeitpossibleforAmericantrackstarsJesseOwensandWilmaRudolphandspeedskaterDanJansentotrainandcompete.WhentheSovietUnionanditsalliesjoinedthegamesin1952,thedefinitionofamateurbecamestillmuddier.Theirathletesdidnothavetobalancejobsandtrainingbecauseascitizensincommunistregimes,theirgovernmentfinancialsupportwasnotconsideredpaymentforjobs.In1971theInternationalOlympicCommittee(IOC)removedthewordamateurfromtherules,makingiteasierforathletestofindthesupportnecessarytotrainandcompete.In1986theIOCallowedprofessionalathletesintothegames.TherearethosewhoregretthedisappearanceofamateurismfromtheOlympicGames.Forthemthegameslostsomethingspecialwhentheybecamejustanotherwayforathletestoearnmoney.Otherssaythatthedesignationofamateurismwasalwaysquestionable;theyarguethatallcompetitorsreceivesomuchfinancialsupportastomakethempaidprofessionals.Mostagree,however,thatthedebateoverwhatconstitutesan“amateur"willcontinueforalongtime.Onemightinferthat.devebpingOlympic-levelskillsinathletesiscostlyprofessionalathletesaremostlyinterestedinfinancialrewardsamateursdoesnotexpecttoearnmoneyatthesportthatisplayedamateursathleteshaveabetterattitudethanprofessionalsdoThestatement“theplayingfieldhasbeenfarfromlevel "meansthatthegroundtheathletesplayedonwasinbadconditionthepoorerplayersweregivensomeadvantagestherulesdidnotworkthesamewayforeveryoneamateurswereinferiortotheprofessionalsinmanywaysThefinancialsupportgiventoathletesbytheSovietgovernmentcanbestbecomparedtoagiftreceivedonaspecialoccasion,suchasabirthdaymoneyreceivedfromawinninglotteryticketanalowancepaidtoachildMoneyfromcharityorganizationOnecanconcludethattheOlympicOrganizingCommittee.hasheldfirmtoitsoriginalvisionoftheOlympicgameshasstruggledwiththedefinitionofamateurovertheyearsregardsitselfasanorganizationforprofessionalathletesonlydidnothingbutstopallowingcommuniststoparticipateSectionDDirections:Readthepassagecarefullyandanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinnomorethan12words."Severefatigue(疲乏),veryweak.Icouldhardlywalkdowntheblock,"saysWendyMoro.Why,shewondered,then,Wendyandherdoctorbegintosuspectherplate."AfewtimesaweekIwashavingfish,whetheritwasonceorfourtimes,"saysWendy."Whatkindoffish?Swordfish,tunaandseabass,thehighestmercury-contentfishsoldinthecommercialmarket,"saysDr.JaneHightower.Mercury(汞)enterstheoceanwithcommercialpollution.Itworksitswayupthefoodchain,andapparentlyintosomeofthemostpopularfishonthemarket.Wendy'sdoctor,Dr.JaneHightower,wassosuspiciousthatshebegantestingherBayAreapatients.Allconsumedlargeamountsoffish,andanoverwhelmingmajoritytestedhighformercuryintheirsystems."Iwasseeinghairloss,fatigue,muscleache,headache,feelingjustanillfeeling."Hightowersaid.ThesymptomsbegantoclearupwhenHightowercuttheamountoffishintheirdiets."Itwassoobvious,buttheproblemwasstillunknowntothepublic,"shesaid."Ievenwantedtorentatentandatambourine."(Atambourineisasmallone-sideddrumwithmetaldisksarounditsrim.)Herpublishedfindingsdrewnationalattention.Butdespiteherstudy,thereisstillfiercedebateoverhowmuchfishissafetoeat,andhowmuchmercuryconsumersareactuallyeating.Sowedecidedtodoourowntest.AccordingtotheEPA(EnvironmentalProtectionAgency),thesafelevelofmercuryintakefora120-poundwomanlikeWendyisalittleover38microgramsperweek.Onaverage,asingleservingoftunapurchasedhereintheBayAreacontainedmoremercurythantheEPArecommendsawoma