國(guó)際交流英語(yǔ)視聽(tīng)說(shuō)4U4聽(tīng)力原文及翻譯

U2Listening1AStudentPresentationTeacher:OK,class,let’sgetstartedwiththefirstpresentation.SompelhaspreparedashortpresentationabouthishomecountryofBhutan.Goahead,Sompel.Sompel:Thanks.Um,hi,everybody!YouknowthatmynameisSompel,butyoumaynotknowthatI’mfromBhutan.Bhutanisasmallcountry—highintheHimalayaMountains—betweenIndiaandChina.Inourlanguage,BhutanisknownasDrukYul,whichinEnglishisland,landofthethunderdragon.Thedragonisevendisplayedonourflag.Formanyyears,mycountrywasisolatedfromtheworld,partlyduetoitsgeography—it’ssurroundedbyhighmountains—butalsobecauseofgovernmentpolicies.Ourgovernmenthadalwaysbeena,anabsolutemonarchy,Imean,governmentheadedbyakingwithunlimitedpower.Anyway,untilveryrecently,Bhutanhadnoelectricity,nocarsortrucks,notelephones,andnopostalservice.YoumaybesurprisedtolearnthatinBhutanpeoplehaveonlyhadtelevisionsince1999.ItwasthelastcountryonEarthtogetit.Youmaybewondering:WhydidBhutanrejectthemodernworldforsolong?Well,thegovernmentwastryingtoprotectthepeoplefromnegativeinfluencessuchashighcrimerates,youthviolence,andpollution.Butthekinghasadmittedthatthepolicyofisolationhadmanynegativeconsequences.Forexample,theeducationsystemdefinitelyfellbehind.Somepeopleneverlearnedtoreadandwrite.Then,oneofourkingsbeganopeningupBhutantotheoutsideworld,andourcurrentkinghascontinuedtheprocess.Therearenewroads,schools,andhealthclinics.Thekingdoesn’twanttoopenupthecountryallatoncetotheoutsideworldandriskruiningit.Hewantsourcountry’sdevelopmenttobeguidedby,nowletmethink,oh,yes,GrossNationalHappiness.Teacher:Sompel,sorrytointerrupt,beforeyoucontinue,couldyoudefineGrossNationalHappinessfortheclass,please?Sompel:Um,sure.HowshouldIputit?Well,you’veprobablyheardofGrossNationalProduct,whichisaphrasethatreferstothedollarvalueofallthegoodsandservicesproducedbyacountryoveraperiodoftime.It’sonewayofmeasuringacountry’ssuccess.ButGrossNationalHappinessisdifferent.Actually,oneofourkingsinventedthephraseGrossNationalHappiness.It’stheapproachthecountrytakestothedomesticdevelopmentofBhutan—tohelpmakesurethatthepeoplearealwayshappywiththeirlivesandwiththecountry.Therearefourparts,um,four“pillars”,tothisapproach:goodgovernment,sustainabledevelopment,environmentalprotection,andculturalpreservation.So,forgoodgovernment,thekingputstheneedsofthecountryfirst.Infact,eventhoughthepeoplelovehim,hegaveawaymostofhispowertothepeoplein2006.That’swhenthecountrytransitionedtodemocracy.Thekingstillhasanimportantrole,buthenolongerhasabsolutepower.Realpowerbelongstothepeopleandtheofficialsthatweelect.Sustainabledevelopmentmeansthatwehelpourcountrygrowwithoutdamagingtheenvironment.Andthepillarofenvironmentalprotectioniscloselyrelatedtosustainabledevelopment,too.AgricultureisveryimportantinBhutan,andwearetryingtofindnewwaystofarmwithouthurtingthe***environment.Also,thegovernmentwantstokeep68percentofthelandcoveredinforests.Culturalpreservation—thelastpillar—isachallengethough.HalfofBhutan’spopulationisintheirtwentiesoryounger,andthegovernmentanticipatesthatsomeyoungpeoplewillgetinvolvedwithgangs,crime,ordrugs,forexample.Thegovernmenthasbannedtelevisionchannelsthattheythinkareharmful.Evenso,youthgangsaregrowing.Theft,whichwasnotverycommonbefore,isalsorising.Ontheotherhand,thereisapositivesidetoallofthechanges.InamountainouscountrysuchasBhutan,communicationtechnologies—forinstance,mobilephonesandtheInternet—allowpeopletocommunicatemoreeasilythaneverbefore.Anditseemsthattheartsarereallymovingahead.TwentyyearsagoBhutanhadneverproducedamovie,butthesedaysweproduceover20ayear.AndsomemovieshaveevendisplayedthedifficultiesthatBhutanhashadwiththechallengesofthemodernworld.Thesetypesofmoviesareimportant.Theycanhelpusexplorethecontradictionsthathavecomewithourchangingculture.Teacher:Sompel,howdoyouviewBhutan’sfuture?Sompel:WellI’mhopefulaboutBhutan’sfuture,andI’mgladthattheapproachofGrossNationalHappinessishelpingtomakesurethatwedont’loseourbeautifulenvironmentandthebestpartsofourancientculture.Sompel:Um,sure.HowshouldIputit?Well,you’veprobablyheardofGrossNationalProduct,whichisaphrasethatreferstothedollarvalueofallthegoodsandservicesproducedbyacountryoveraperiodoftime.Its’onewayofmeasuringacountrys’success.ButGrossNationalHappinessisdifferent.Actually,oneofourkingsinventedthephraseGrossNationalHappiness.It’stheapproachthecountrytakestothedomesticdevelopmentofBhutan—tohelpmakesurethatthepeoplearealwayshappywiththeirlivesandwiththecountry.Therearefourparts,um,four“pillars”,tothisapproach:goodgovernment,sustainabledevelopment,environmentalprotection,andculturalpreservation.So,forgoodgovernment,thekingputstheneedsofthecountryfirst.Infact,eventhoughthepeoplelovehim,hegaveawaymostofhispowertothepeoplein2006.That’swhenthecountrytransitionedtodemocracy.Thekingstillhasanimportantrole,buthenolongerhasabsolutepower.Realpowerbelongstothepeopleandtheofficialsthatweelect.Sustainabledevelopmentmeansthatwehelpourcountrygrowwithoutdamagingtheenvironment.Andthepillarofenvironmentalprotectioniscloselyrelatedtosustainabledevelopment,too.AgricultureisveryimportantinBhutan,andwearetryingtofindnewwaystofarmwithouthurtingtheenvironment.Also,thegovernmentwantstokeep68percentofthelandcoveredinforests.Culturalpreservation—thelastpillar—isachallengethough.HalfofBhutan’spopulationisintheirtwentiesoryounger,andthegovernmentanticipatesthatsomeyoungpeoplewillgetinvolvedwithgangs,crime,ordrugs,forexample.Thegovernmenthasbannedtelevisionchannelsthattheythinkareharmful.Evenso,youthgangsaregrowing.Theft,whichwasnotverycommonbefore,isalsorising.Ontheotherhand,thereisapositivesidetoallofthechanges.InamountainouscountrysuchasBhutan,communicationtechnologies—forinstance,mobilephonesandtheInternet—allow***peopletocommunicatemoreeasilythaneverbefore.Anditseemsthattheartsarereallymovingahead.TwentyyearsagoBhutanhadneverproducedamovie,butthesedaysweproduceover20ayear.AndsomemovieshaveevendisplayedthedifficultiesthatBhutanhashadwiththechallengesofthemodernworld.Thesetypesofmoviesareimportant.Theycanhelpusexplorethecontradictionsthathavecomewithourchangingculture.一個(gè)學(xué)生演講老師:好,課上,讓我們開(kāi)始第一個(gè)演示。Sompel準(zhǔn)備了一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)潔的演講對(duì)他的祖國(guó)不丹。來(lái)吧,Sompel。Sompel:感謝。嗯,嗨,大家好!你知道我的名字是Sompel,但你可能不知道我來(lái)自不丹。不丹是一個(gè)小國(guó)家,在印度喜馬拉雅山間和中國(guó)。在我們的語(yǔ)言中,不丹被稱為Druk尤爾?,而英語(yǔ)是土地,土地的雷聲龍。龍是顯示在我們的旌旗。多年來(lái),我的國(guó)家是世界隔斷,部分是因?yàn)槠涞乩淼攸c(diǎn)——這是高峰脈的聯(lián)想之中——但仍包圍也因?yàn)檎恼摺Ｎ覀兊恼騺?lái)是,絕對(duì)君主制,我的意思是,政府以國(guó)王為首的無(wú)窮權(quán)益。不論怎么說(shuō),直到近來(lái),不丹沒(méi)有電力,沒(méi)有汽車或卡車,沒(méi)有電話,沒(méi)有郵政服務(wù)。你可能會(huì)詫異地發(fā)現(xiàn),自1999年以來(lái),不丹人只有電視。它是地球上最后一個(gè)國(guó)家。您可能想知道:為何不丹拒絕現(xiàn)代世界這樣之久?政府是在保護(hù)人們從高犯法率等負(fù)面影響,青少年暴力和污染。但國(guó)王已經(jīng)認(rèn)可的孤立政策有好多的負(fù)面影響。比如,教育系統(tǒng)落伍。有些人素來(lái)沒(méi)有學(xué)會(huì)讀和寫(xiě)。而后,我們的一個(gè)國(guó)王開(kāi)始向外界開(kāi)放不丹,和我們當(dāng)前的國(guó)王連續(xù)流程。有新的道路、學(xué)校和診所。國(guó)王不想開(kāi)放國(guó)家一次性向外界微風(fēng)險(xiǎn)損壞它。他希望我們的國(guó)家的發(fā)展指導(dǎo)下,讓我想一想,哦,是的,公民幸?？傊?。老師:Sompel,對(duì)不起打斷,連續(xù)從前,你能夠定義類,公民幸?？傊祮?Sompel:嗯,自然。我應(yīng)當(dāng)怎么說(shuō)呢?好吧,你可能聽(tīng)聞過(guò)的公民生產(chǎn)總值,這是一個(gè)短語(yǔ),指的是價(jià)值的一個(gè)國(guó)家生產(chǎn)的商品和服務(wù)經(jīng)過(guò)一段時(shí)間。它是權(quán)衡一個(gè)國(guó)家的成功的一種方式。但公民幸?？傊涤兴灰粯?。實(shí)質(zhì)上,我們的一個(gè)國(guó)王發(fā)了然短語(yǔ)公民幸?？傊怠＿@是不丹的國(guó)家需要國(guó)內(nèi)發(fā)展幫助保證人們老是快樂(lè)與他們的生活和這個(gè)國(guó)家。有四個(gè)部分,嗯,四個(gè)“支柱”這,種方法:好的政府,可連續(xù)發(fā)展,環(huán)境保護(hù)和文化保護(hù)。因此,好的政府,國(guó)王把國(guó)家的需要。事實(shí)上,只管愛(ài)他的人,他把他的大多半權(quán)益在2006年的人。當(dāng)民主國(guó)家轉(zhuǎn)變。國(guó)王仍有一個(gè)重要的角色,但他不再有絕對(duì)的權(quán)益。真實(shí)的權(quán)益屬于人民,我們選出的官員?？蛇B續(xù)發(fā)展意味著我們幫助我們的國(guó)家發(fā)展而損壞環(huán)境。支柱的環(huán)境保護(hù)與可連續(xù)發(fā)展親密有關(guān)。農(nóng)業(yè)是特別重要的在不丹,我們正試圖找到新的方法來(lái)農(nóng)場(chǎng)不損害環(huán)境。同時(shí),政府希望保持68%的土地被叢林覆蓋。文化保護(hù)-最后一個(gè)支柱是一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)。不丹人口的一半是在二十幾歲或更年青,和政府估計(jì),一些年青人將參加團(tuán)伙,犯法,比如,或藥物。政府已經(jīng)嚴(yán)禁電視頻道,他們以為是有害的。即使這樣,青年團(tuán)伙正在增加。偷竊,這不是很常有,也在不停上漲。另一方面,有一個(gè)踴躍的一面的全部改正。在一個(gè)多山的國(guó)家,如不丹、通訊技術(shù)實(shí)例,手機(jī)和互聯(lián)網(wǎng),同意人們比過(guò)去任何時(shí)候都更簡(jiǎn)單交流。和藝術(shù)仿佛真的行進(jìn)。二十年前不丹從未制作一部電影,可是這些天我們每年生產(chǎn)超***過(guò)20。甚至一些電影顯示不丹的困難與現(xiàn)代世界的挑戰(zhàn)。這些種類的電影是很重要的。他們能夠幫助我們探究的矛盾有改變文化。老師:你怎么對(duì)待不丹,Sompel的未來(lái)?不丹Sompel:我希望的未來(lái),我很快樂(lè),公民幸?？傊档姆椒ㄊ菐椭ＷC我們不失掉我們漂亮的環(huán)境和最好的部分我們的古代文化。Sompel:嗯,自然。我應(yīng)當(dāng)怎么說(shuō)呢?好吧,你可能聽(tīng)聞過(guò)的公民生產(chǎn)總值,這是一個(gè)短語(yǔ),指的是價(jià)值的一個(gè)國(guó)家生產(chǎn)的商品和服務(wù)在一段時(shí)間內(nèi)。它是權(quán)衡一個(gè)國(guó)家的成功的一種方式。但公民幸?？傊涤兴灰粯?。實(shí)質(zhì)上,我們的一個(gè)國(guó)王發(fā)了然短語(yǔ)公民幸福總值。它的方法不丹的國(guó)家需要國(guó)內(nèi)發(fā)展幫助保證人們老是與他們的生活和快樂(lè)。有四個(gè)部分,嗯,四個(gè)“支柱”這,種方法:好的政府,可連續(xù)發(fā)展,環(huán)境保護(hù)和文化保護(hù)。因此,好的政府,國(guó)王把國(guó)家的需要。事實(shí)上,只管愛(ài)他的人,他把他的大多半權(quán)益在2006年的人。當(dāng)民主國(guó)家轉(zhuǎn)變。國(guó)王仍有一個(gè)重要的角色,但他不再有絕對(duì)的權(quán)益。真實(shí)的權(quán)益屬于人,我們選出的官員。可連續(xù)發(fā)展意味著我們幫助我們的國(guó)家發(fā)展而損壞環(huán)境。支柱的環(huán)境保護(hù)與可連續(xù)發(fā)展親密有關(guān)。在不丹,農(nóng)業(yè)是特別重要的,我們正在努力找尋新的方法來(lái)農(nóng)場(chǎng)不損害環(huán)境。同時(shí),政府希望保持68%的土地被叢林覆蓋。文化保護(hù)-最后一個(gè)支柱是一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)。不丹人口的一半是在二十幾歲或更年青,和政府估計(jì),一些年青人將參加團(tuán)伙,犯法,比如,或藥物。政府已經(jīng)嚴(yán)禁電視頻道,他們以為是有害的。即使這樣,青年團(tuán)伙正在增加。偷竊,這不是很常有,也在不停上漲。另一方面,有一個(gè)踴躍的一面的全部改正。在一個(gè)多山的國(guó)家,如不丹、通訊技術(shù)實(shí)例,手機(jī)和Internet-allow人們比過(guò)去任何時(shí)候都更簡(jiǎn)單交流。和藝術(shù)仿佛真的行進(jìn)。二十年前不丹從未制作一部電影,可是這些天我們每年生產(chǎn)超出20。甚至一些電影顯示不丹的困難與現(xiàn)代世界的挑戰(zhàn)。這些種類的電影是很重要的。他們能夠幫助我們探究的矛盾有改變文化。1.WhydidBhutanrejectthemodernworld?b.Becausethegovernmentwantedtoavoidnegativeinfluences.WhatgovernmentchangeishappeninginBhutan?a.Bhutanismovingtowarddemocracy.WhydoesSompelsaythatculturalpreservationisachallengeforBhutan?a.Becausehalfofitspopulationisundertheageof30.4.WhatisSompel’sattitudeaboutBhutan’sfuture?c.Heishopeful.1。為何不丹拒絕現(xiàn)代世界?b。因?yàn)檎Ｍ乐贡^的影響。2。在不丹政府變化正在發(fā)生什么?不丹是邁向民主。3所示。為何Sompel說(shuō)不丹文化保護(hù)是一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)嗎?。4所示。Sompel對(duì)不丹的未來(lái)的態(tài)度是什么?c。他是充滿希望的。因?yàn)橐话氲娜丝谠?0歲以下的。***Listening2AStudyGroupDiscussionJose:So,areyouallreadytoreviewforthetest?Matt:Yes.Amina:Sure.Jose:Whatshouldwereviewfirst?Amina:IthinkweshouldstartwiththechapteronNativeAmericans.Thereisalotofinformationinthatchapter.Lauren:Oh,definitely.Jose:OK.Sowhatdoyouthinkwerethemostimportantfactsfromthatchapter?Matt:Well,Ifoundthewholechapterinteresting.Youknow,whenIwasgrowingup,wedidn’tlearnmuchaboutNativeAmericansinschool.Amina:Me,neither.Ihadnoideathattherearemorethan300NativeAmericanreservationsintheUnitedStates,didyou?Jose:No,Idefinitelydidn’t.AndIwasn’tawarethatthereservationsonlymakeuptwopercentofthetotallandareaoftheUnitedStates.Ithoughtitwasalotmore.Matt:Really?Lauren:Well,justthink,that’sonlyasmallportionofthelandtheyusedtohave.Jose:Yes.Anditseemsthatthelandisveryimportanttothem.Its’abigpartoftheircultureandtraditions.Amina:Right.NativeAmericansbelieveinlivinginharmonywiththeland,theplants,andtheanimals.Theyhavealotofknowledgeaboutthesethings.Jose:Ithinkthechaptersaidthatnaturewaspartoftheirtraditionsandtheirreligion,too.Matt:Uh-huh.Andthenthefederalgovernmenttookawaytheirland.Amina:AndtheywereforcedtoadoptAmericantraditionsandlanguage.Itmusthavebeenveryhardforthem.Matt:WhatdidProfessorHawkinssayaboutthereservationlands?ThatmostofthemarewestoftheMississippiRiver?Lauren:Yeah,andhehighlightedthefactthatthelandinalotofreservationsisreallydryandnotsuitableforagriculture.Foralongtime,thepeoplewholivedtherelivedinbadeconomicconditions.Jose:Ididn’trealizethat.So,whendidthingsbegintogetbetter?Amina:IthinkProfessorHawkinssaiditwasaround1970whenthefederalgovernment—ortheSupremeCourt,maybe—grantedNativeAmericanstherighttorunvariousbusinessesontheirreservations.Matt:Right,andthemoneyfromtheirbusinesseshasenabledthemtoimprovetheirlandsandundertakeotherbigprojects.Thechaptermentionedagoodexample—theInterTribalSinkyoneWildernessarea.Amina:Where’sthatplaceagain?Lauren:Um,it’sonthecoastnorthofSanFrancisco,California.Matt:Exactly.Itwasfoundedin1997byagroupofNativeAmericanswhowantthelandtobeaswildaspossible.There’sverylimitedaccesstothearea.Therearen’tevenanyroadsgoingthroughit.***Amina:Iwonderwhy.Matt:Well,theywanttosavethelandfortraditionalculturaluses.Ourbooksaidthatfromtheperspectiveofthepeoplewholivethere,thecoastandtheredwoodforestsaresacred.That’swheretheygatherfoodandmedicineandholdtheirreligiousceremonies.Lauren:There’sanotherexampleIknowabout.ANativeAmericangroupdowninFlorida—um,theSeminolepeople—areusingtheirmoneytorestorepartoftheBigCypressSwamp,aplacethat’ssacredtotheirpeople.They’rebringingbackanimalsthatusedtolivethere,andthey’reremovingplantsthatweren’tthereatthetimeoftheirancestors.Jose:That’sneat!It’sgreatthatthey’retryingtoprotectandregainsomeoftheiroldtraditions.Amina:Yes,that’sanawesomeobjective.Ihopethey’resuccessful.Matt:Me,too.Thatseemslikeagoodreviewofthischapter,right?Lauren:Yes,thatcoverseverything.Let’smoveontothenexttopic.一個(gè)研究小組議論何塞:那么,你們準(zhǔn)備做考試前的復(fù)習(xí)嗎?馬特:是的。阿米娜:自然。何塞:我們應(yīng)當(dāng)先復(fù)習(xí)嗎?阿米娜:我以為我們應(yīng)當(dāng)從這一章開(kāi)始印第安人。在這一章有好多信息。Lauren:哦,自然。何塞:好的。因此你以為是最重要的事實(shí)從這一章?馬特:嗯,我發(fā)現(xiàn)整個(gè)章風(fēng)趣。你知道,在我成長(zhǎng)的過(guò)程中,我們?cè)趯W(xué)校沒(méi)有學(xué)到好多對(duì)于印第安人。阿米娜:我,沒(méi)有。我不知道有超出300印第安人保存在美國(guó),是嗎?荷西:不,我絕對(duì)沒(méi)有。我不知道預(yù)定只占美國(guó)總土地面積的百分之二。我以為這是一個(gè)好多。麥特:真的嗎?勞倫:嗯,不過(guò)感覺(jué),這不過(guò)一小部分他們以前擁有的土地。何塞:是的。,仿佛是特別重要的。這是一個(gè)很大的文化和傳統(tǒng)的一部分。阿米娜:沒(méi)錯(cuò)。印第安人相信生活在和睦與土地、植物、動(dòng)物。他們對(duì)這些事情有好多知識(shí)。何塞:我以為這一章說(shuō),自然是他們的傳統(tǒng)和宗教崇奉的一部分,。馬特:嗯。而后是聯(lián)邦政府拿走了他們的土地。阿米娜,他們被迫采納美國(guó)傳統(tǒng)和語(yǔ)言。它必定是特別困難的。馬特:保存區(qū)霍金斯教授說(shuō)什么了呢?,他們中的大多半是密西西比河以西的嗎?勞倫:是的,他重申,土地在好多預(yù)定很干,不合適農(nóng)業(yè)。很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間,住在那邊的人生活在糟糕的經(jīng)濟(jì)條件。何塞:我不知道。因此,當(dāng)狀況好轉(zhuǎn)了嗎?阿米娜:我以為霍金斯教授說(shuō),這是在1970年,聯(lián)邦政府或最高法院,maybe-granted原住民權(quán)利運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)各樣公司保存。***馬特:對(duì)的,從他們的業(yè)務(wù)使他們提升他們的土地和其余大型項(xiàng)目。本章提到的部族間的看不慣一個(gè)好的Sinkyone荒原地域。阿米娜:那地方在哪兒?jiǎn)?勞倫:嗯,它在北部海岸的舊金山,加利福尼亞。馬特:沒(méi)錯(cuò)。它成立于1997年,由一群土著美國(guó)人想要土地盡可能野生。有特別有限的接見(jiàn)該地域。甚至沒(méi)有任何道路經(jīng)過(guò)它。阿米娜:我想知道為何。馬特:嗯,他們想保存?zhèn)鹘y(tǒng)文化的土地用途。我們的書(shū)說(shuō),住在那邊的人的角度來(lái)看,海岸和紅杉叢林是神圣的。這是他們采集食品和藥品和舉行宗教儀式。勞倫:我知道另一個(gè)例子。一群印第安人Florida-um,塞米諾爾)使用他們的錢來(lái)恢復(fù)大柏樹(shù)沼澤的一部分,一個(gè)神圣的地方他們的人。他們帶回動(dòng)物住在那邊,他們把植物沒(méi)有的時(shí)候他們的先人。何塞:太棒了!很好,他們?cè)噲D保護(hù)和恢復(fù)一些他們古老的傳統(tǒng)。阿米娜:是的,這是一個(gè)很棒的目標(biāo)。我希望他們成功。馬特:我也是。這仿佛是一個(gè)不錯(cuò)的回首本章,對(duì)吧?勞倫:是的,覆蓋全部。讓我們連續(xù)下一個(gè)話題。5.Whatisthemaintopicofthediscussion?b.HowNativeAmericansarerestoringtheirlandstotheiroriginalcondition.6.Originally,whatwastheattitudeoftheUnitedStatesgovernmenttowardNativeAmericancultureandtraditions?a.Thegovernmentwantedtochangethem.Accordingtothediscussion,whatisanimportantsourceofrevenuefortheNativeAmericans?c.Revenuefrombusinessesontheirreservations.1。議論的主要話題是什么?b。印第安人怎樣恢復(fù)土地原狀。2。最先,美國(guó)政府的態(tài)度對(duì)美國(guó)本地文化和傳統(tǒng)嗎?政府想要改變他們。3所示。依據(jù)議論,什么是印第安人的一個(gè)重要的收入根源?c。預(yù)定收入的公司。Background>300NativeAmericanreservationsintheU.S.U.S.forcedthemtoadoptAmericantraditionsandlanguageMostreservationslocatedwestofMiss.RiverLandnotsuitableforagriculture***1970:U.S.grantedrighttorunvariousbusinessesUsedmoneytoimprovelandsandundertakeotherprojectsInterTribalSinkyoneWildernessAreaFoundedonthecoast,northofSanFranciscoAccessverylimitedGatherfood,havereligiousceremonieshereBigCypressSwampOwnedbytheSeminolegroupinFloridaBringingbackanimalsthatusedtolivethereRemovingplantsthatweren’tthereoriginally背景300年美國(guó)印第安人保存地美國(guó)迫使他們采納美國(guó)傳統(tǒng)和語(yǔ)言大多半保存位于小姐河以西土地不合適農(nóng)業(yè)1970年:美國(guó)授與權(quán)益運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)各樣業(yè)務(wù)用金錢提升土地和從事其余項(xiàng)目種族間的Sinkyone荒原保護(hù)區(qū)成立在海岸,舊金山北部接見(jiàn)特別有限采集食品,這里有宗教儀式大柏樹(shù)沼澤塞米諾爾公司旗下在佛羅里達(dá)州帶回動(dòng)物,以前在那邊住過(guò)刪除沒(méi)有最先的植物L(fēng)istening2-1Longago,peoplelivedashuntersandgatherers.Overtimepeoplelearnedhowtogrowplantsandraisedomesticanimals.Oncethishappened,therewasatransitiontoagricultureinmanysocieties.However,eventodaytherearegroupswhorejectfarmingandcontinuetohuntanimalsandgathertheirownfood.TheHadzapeopleareagroupofhunter-gathererswholiveinanisolatedpartofnorthernTanzania.TheyhavelivedintheGreatRiftValleyforaperiodof10,000years.TheHadzacommunicateintheirownspeciallanguage,calledHadzane.***TheHadzaarenotpartofthemoderneconomicsystemofTanzania.Whentheyarehungry,theycanhuntorgatherwhattheyneedforfree.Hadzamencanmakealittlemoneybydisplayingtheirhuntingskillsfortourists.ItisaninterestingcontradictionthatalthoughtheHadzahaveverylittle,theysharealot.Infact,theyshareeverythingtheyhavewithothers.IntheGreatRiftValley,modernfarminghasspreadinrecentyears,andthisdevelopmenthashadseriousconsequencesfortheHadza.Theirhomelandisnowonly25percentofthesizeitwasinthe1950s.Huntingisnowmoredifficultforthem,astherearefeweranimalsthanbefore.TheHadzapeopleanticipatethattheirwayoflifewilldisappearinthenearfuture.好久從前,人們的生活作為打獵者和采集者。跟著時(shí)間的推移,人們學(xué)會(huì)了怎樣栽種植物和飼養(yǎng)牲畜。一旦發(fā)生這類狀況,有一個(gè)過(guò)渡到農(nóng)業(yè)在很多社會(huì)中。但是,即使在今日有組織拒絕農(nóng)業(yè)和連續(xù)獵殺動(dòng)物,采集自己的食品。哈人是一群獵人-采集者居住在一個(gè)孤立的坦桑尼亞北部的一部分。他們生活在東非大裂谷的10000年。哈德在自己特別的交流語(yǔ)言,稱為Hadzane。哈不是坦桑尼亞的現(xiàn)代經(jīng)濟(jì)系統(tǒng)的一部分。當(dāng)他們餓了,他們能夠免費(fèi)打獵或采集他們所需要的。哈男人能夠一點(diǎn)錢為旅客展現(xiàn)他們的打獵技巧。這是一個(gè)風(fēng)趣的矛盾,只管哈極少,他們分享了好多。事實(shí)上,他們什么都分享。在東非大裂谷,近來(lái)幾年來(lái)現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)已經(jīng)擴(kuò)散,這哈發(fā)展有嚴(yán)重的結(jié)果。祖國(guó)此刻只有25%的大小是在1950年月。打獵是此刻更為困難,比從前有更少的動(dòng)物。哈人估計(jì),在不久的未來(lái),他們的生活方式將會(huì)消逝。8.WhatistheHadzapeople’sattitudetowardmodernfarming?b.Theyrejectit.WhatdotheHadzapeopledoforalivingnow?a.Theyhuntorgathertheirownfood.10.WhichwordbestdescribestheeffectofmodernfarmingontheHadzawayoflife?a.Threatening.WhatistheHadzapeople’sattitudetowardtheirwayoflifeinthenearfuture?c.Theyarepessimistic.1。哈德人對(duì)現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)的態(tài)度是什么?b。他們拒絕它。2。哈人民做什么為生呢?他們打獵或采集自己的食品。3所示。哪個(gè)單詞最好的描繪了現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)的影響在哈德的生活方式嗎?一個(gè)威迫。4所示。什么是哈人民對(duì)他們的生活方式的態(tài)度在不久的未來(lái)?c。他們是悲觀的。ExampleAnswersNotes:***?rejectfarming;stillhunter-gatherers?livedintheGreatRiftValleyfor10,000years;speakownlanguage:Hadzanegetpaidfordemonstratinghuntingskillstotouristsshareeverythingtheyhavemodernfarming(only25percentthesizetheywereinthe1950s)makesitdifficulttohunt/gather;HadzaexpectthattheirwayoflifewillsoondisappearExampleAnswersSummary:TheHadzapeoplerejectfarmingandstillfollowtheancientwayoflifeknownashuntingandgathering.TheyhavelivedintheGreatRiftValleyinnorthernTanzaniafor10,000years,andtheyspeaktheirownlanguagewhichiscalledHadzane.TheHadzapeopledon’thavemuch.Infact,Hadzamencanmakealittlemoneybyemonstratinghuntingskillstotourists.Still,theyshareeverythingtheyhave.ExampleAnswers(continued)Nowadays,modernfarminginHadzalandsisthreateningtheoldwayoflife.TheHadzahomelandisonly25percentthesizeitwasinthe1950s,whichmakesthehuntingandgatheringlifestylemuchmoredifficult.Becauseofthis,theHadzapeopleexpectthattheirwayoflifewillsoondisappear.答案示例注:?拒絕農(nóng)業(yè);仍舊打獵?在東非大裂谷活了10000年,講自己的語(yǔ)言:Hadzane?向旅客展現(xiàn)打獵技術(shù)獲得酬勞?分享全部?現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)(只有25%的大小在1950年月)很難找尋/采集;哈德以為他們的生活方式很快就會(huì)消逝答案示例簡(jiǎn)介:哈人民反對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)和仍舊按照古老的生活方式稱為打獵和采集。他們住在坦桑尼亞北部的東非大裂谷10000年來(lái),和他們說(shuō)自己的語(yǔ)言被稱為Hadzane。人們沒(méi)有太多的哈。事實(shí)上,哈男人能夠經(jīng)過(guò)emonstrating旅客打獵技巧。可是,他們什么都分享。示例的答案(連續(xù))此刻,現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)在哈德的土地正威迫著舊的生活方式。哈德領(lǐng)土大小只有25%是在1950年代,這使得打獵和采集的生活方式更為困難。正因?yàn)檫@樣,哈德的人以為他們的生活方式很快就會(huì)消逝。Listening2-2A:What’shappeningtotheworld’slanguages?***Well,mostpeopledon’tkn