考研考博-英語-廣東南華工商職業(yè)學院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇2

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-廣東南華工商職業(yè)學院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓練(共50題)1.單選題

Developmentsinshipdesignandconstructionmethodscameaboutin（

）tochallengesencounteredintrading.

問題1選項

A.awareness

B.response

C.contrast

D.agreement

【答案】B

【解析】inresponseto響應,回答,對...有反應；incontrastto與...形成對照；選項A和D無此用法。句意:船舶設計和建造方法的發(fā)展是為了應對貿(mào)易中遇到的挑戰(zhàn)。選項B符合句意。

2.單選題

Asurveyearlierthisyearfoundthatabout50percentofSouthAfricansthinkthat“most”or“almostall”governmentalofficialsareinvolvedin（）.

問題1選項

A.robbery

B.violation

C.corruption

D.stealing

【答案】C

【解析】robbery搶劫，盜竊；violation侵害；corruption貪污，腐??；stealing偷竊。句意：今年早些時候的一項調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，大約50%的南非人認為“大多數(shù)”或“幾乎所有”政府官員都與腐敗有關(guān)。選項C符合句意。

3.單選題

Manyobjectsindailyusehaveclearlybeeninfluencedbyscience,buttheirformandfunction,theirdimensionsandappearanceweredeterminedbytechnologists,artisans,designers,inventors,andengineers—usingnonscientificmodesofthought.Manyfeaturesandqualitiesoftheobjectsthatatechnologistthinksaboutcannotbereducedtounambiguousverbaldescriptions;theyaredealtwithinthemindbyavisual,nonverbalprocess.InthedevelopmentofWesterntechnology,ithasbeennonverbalthinking,byandlarge,thathasfixedtheoutlinesandfilledinthedetails,androcketsexistnotbecauseofgeometryorthermodynamics,butbecausetheywerefirstapictureinthemindsofthosewhobuiltthem.

Thecreativeshapingprocessofatechnologist’smindcanbeseeninnearlyeveryartifactthatexists.Forexample,indesigningadieselengine,atechnologistmightimpressindividualwaysofnonverbalthinkingonthemachinebycontinuallyusinganintuitivesenseofrightnessandfitness.Whatwouldbetheshapeofthecombustionchamber?Whereshouldbethevalvesplayed?Shouldithavealongorshortpiston?Suchquestionshavearangeofanswersthataresuppliedbyexperience,byphysicalrequirements,bylimitationsofavailablespace,andnotleastbyasenseofform.Somedecisions,suchaswallthicknessandpindiameter,maydependonscientificcalculations,butthenonscientificcomponentofdesignremainsprimary.

Designcourses,then,shouldbeanessentialelementinengineeringcurricula.Nonverbalthinking,acentralmechanisminengineeringdesign,involvesperceptions,thestockintradeoftheartist,notthescientist.Becauseperceptiveprocessesarenotassumedtoentail“hardthinking”,nonverbalthoughtissometimesseenasaprimitivestageinthedevelopmentofcognitiveprocessandinferiortoverbalormathematicalthought.ButitisparadoxicalthatwhenthestaffoftheHistoricAmericanEngineeringRecordwishedtohavedrawingsmadeofmachinesandisometric(等距)viewsofindustrialprocessesforitshistoricalrecordofAmericanengineering,theonlycollegestudentswiththerequisiteabilitieswerenotengineeringstudents,butratherstudentsattendingarchitecturalschools.

Ifcoursesindesign,whichinastronglyanalyticalengineeringcurriculumprovidethebackgroundrequiredforpracticalproblemsolving,arenotprovided,wecanexpecttoencountersillybutcostlyerrorsoccurringinadvancedengineeringsystems.Forexample,earlymodelsofhighspeedrailroadcarsloadedwithsophisticatedcontrolswereunabletooperateinasnowstormbecauseafansuckedsnowintotheelectricalsystem.Absurdrandomfailuresthatplagueautomaticcontrolsystemsarenotmerelytrivialaberrations,theyareareflectionofthechaosthatresultswhendesignisassumedtobeprimarilyaprobleminmathematics.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,whatistheuseofnonscientificthinking?

2.Itcanbeinferredthattheengineeringcurricula（）.

3.Bysaying“paradoxical”inthethirdparagraph,theauthorpointsoutthat（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingisprobablyinaccordancewiththeauthor’sidea?

問題1選項

A.Criticalthinkingmaybederivedfromnonscientificthinking.

B.Manyfeaturesandqualitiesofanobjectcanbeimagined.

C.Manyobjectsarecreatedwithclearverbaldescriptions.

D.Peoplefromdifferenttradesmaybenefitfromnonscientificthinking.

問題2選項

A.arestrongdespitetheabsenceofnonscientificmodesofthinking

B.shouldnotemphasizenonverbalthinkinginallcourses

C.arethoughttoincludeverbalormathematicalcourse

D.canbestrengthenedwhentheyincludecoursesindesign

問題3選項

A.engineeringstudentsdonotunderstandthehistoryofAmericanengineering

B.engineeringstudentsshouldknowmorethanarchitecturalstudents

C.engineeringstudentsshouldperceiveanddesignbetterthanarchitecturalstudentsdo

D.engineeringstudentsneglecttheimportanceofdrawings

問題4選項

A.Mathematicalthinkingisessentialtoanydesigncourse.

B.Nonverbalthinkinghasitsadvantagesoverotherperceptiveprocesses.

C.Engineeringdesigndemandsscientificthought.

D.Artistsplayaprimitiveroleinengineeringwork.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“nonscientificthinking”可以定位到文章第一段第一句buttheirformandfunction,theirdimensionsandappearanceweredeterminedbytechnologists,artisans,designers,inventors,andengineers—usingnonscientificmodesofthought.（但它們的形式和功能、尺寸和外觀是由技術(shù)人員、工匠、設計師、發(fā)明家和工程師用非科學的思維模式?jīng)Q定的。），說明各個行業(yè)的人都可以用到非科學的思維模式。因此D選項“不同行業(yè)的人可能從非科學思維中受益”正確。A選項“批判性思維可能來源于非科學思維”，文中沒有提及批判性思維，所以A錯誤。B選項“一個物體的許多特征和品質(zhì)是可以想象的”不是說的非科學性思維的用處，所以B錯誤。C選項“許多對象都是用清晰的語言描述創(chuàng)建的”，由原文Manyfeaturesandqualitiesoftheobjectsthatatechnologistthinksaboutcannotbereducedtounambiguousverbaldescriptions（技術(shù)專家思考的對象的許多特征和品質(zhì)不能簡化為明確的語言描述），說明不能用清晰的語言描述創(chuàng)建，所以C錯誤。

2.推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“engineeringcurricula”可以定位到文章第三段第一句Designcourses,then,shouldbeanessentialelementinengineeringcurricula.（因此，設計課程應該是工程課程的一個基本元素。），說明設計課程對于工程學課程來說很重要。因此D選項“如果工程學課程包括設計課的話，課程會得到加強”正確。A選項“盡管缺乏非科學的思維模式，但仍然很強大”，由原文Nonverbalthinking,acentralmechanisminengineeringdesign,involvesperceptions,thestockintradeoftheartist,notthescientist.（非語言思維是工程設計的核心機制，它涉及到感知，是藝術(shù)家而非科學家的慣用手段。）可知工程學課程包含了非科學思維，所以A錯誤。B選項“不應在所有課程中強調(diào)非語言思維”，C選項“被認為包括語言或數(shù)學課程”在文中沒有提及，所以B，C錯誤。

3.語義推測題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“paradoxical”可以定位到文章第三段第四句ButitisparadoxicalthatwhenthestaffoftheHistoricAmericanEngineeringRecordwishedtohavedrawingsmadeofmachinesandisometricviewsofindustrialprocessesforitshistoricalrecordofAmericanengineering,theonlycollegestudentswiththerequisiteabilitieswerenotengineeringstudents,butratherstudentsattendingarchitecturalschools.（但自相矛盾的是，當《美國工程歷史記錄》的工作人員希望讓人畫出機器的圖紙和工業(yè)過程的等距視圖，用于其對美國工程的歷史記錄時，具備必要能力的大學生卻不是工科生，而是就讀于建筑學院的學生。），說明要求非語言思維的工程專業(yè)學生本應該有更好的感知和設計能力，但他們卻不如建筑學院的學生，這是自相矛盾的。因此C選項“工程專業(yè)的學生應該比建筑專業(yè)的學生更好地感知和設計”正確。A選項“工程專業(yè)的學生不了解美國工程的歷史”，B選項“工程專業(yè)的學生應該比建筑專業(yè)的學生懂得更多”，D選項“工程專業(yè)的學生忽視了圖紙的重要性”都不是作者想指出的內(nèi)容，所以A，B，D錯誤。

4.觀點態(tài)度題。A選項“數(shù)學思維對任何設計課程都是必不可少的”，由原文theyareareflectionofthechaosthatresultswhendesignisassumedtobeprimarilyaprobleminmathematics.（當設計被認為主要是一個數(shù)學問題時，它們反映了產(chǎn)生的混亂。），說明數(shù)學思維對于設計來說不是必不可少的，所以A錯誤。C選項“工程設計需要科學的思想”，由原文可知作者強調(diào)的是非科學思維，所以C錯誤。D選項“藝術(shù)家在工程工作中扮演著原始的角色”在文中沒有提及所以D錯誤。B選項“非語言思維比其他知覺過程有優(yōu)勢”，由原文可知在很多方面都需要用到非語言思維，說明作者認為非語言思維是有優(yōu)勢的，所以B選項最能代表作者的觀點。

4.單選題

Thegovernmentistryingtodosomethingto（）betterunderstandingbetweenthetwocountries.

問題1選項

A.raise

B.promote

C.heighten

D.increase

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。raise“提高，籌集”；promote“促進，提升”；heighten“提高，增高”；increase“增加，增大”。句意：政府正在努力做一些事情來促進兩國之間更好的理解。B項符合題意。

5.單選題

Whentheyoungmandiedunexpectedly,ittookhealthexpertsseveralweeksofintensivelabworktoidentifytheculprit.

問題1選項

A.curl

B.curve

C.cause

D.curse

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。橫線單詞culprit意為“犯人，罪犯；元兇”；A選項“curl”意為“卷曲；卷發(fā)；螺旋狀物”；B選項“curve”意為“曲線；彎曲；曲線球；曲線圖表”；C選項“cause”意為“原因；事業(yè)；目標”；D選項“curse”意為“詛咒；咒罵；禍根”。句意：當這個年輕人意外死亡時，健康專家花了幾個星期進行深入細致的實驗室工作來確定罪魁禍首。由題干可知，theyoungmandiedunexpectedly（這個年輕人意外死亡了）所以健康專家肯定是要確定導致他死亡的原因，或者說元兇。由此可知，culprit在此處最可能是“元兇”的意思，四個選項中curse具有“禍根”的意思，與此相近。因此D選項符合題意。

6.單選題

Budgetforecastsaretheultimatelessonintakingthings（）inhindsight,mostforecastslookworsethanrandomguesses.

問題1選項

A.withastrokeofthepen

B.withawhipofscorpions

C.withagrainofsalt

D.withallduesubmission

【答案】C

【解析】固定搭配。withastrokeofthepen“一筆一劃”；withawhipofscorpions“用殘酷的高壓手段”；withagrainofsalt“持懷疑態(tài)度，有保留”；withallduesubmission“必恭必敬的”。句意：預算預估對事情的猜測持保留態(tài)度，大多數(shù)預測看起來比隨機猜測更糟。選項C符合題意。

7.單選題

Thementalcommoditymostdemandwillbepracticalwisdomratherthanspecialized（

）.

問題1選項

A.experiment

B.expertise

C.witness

D.cleverness

【答案】D

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項experiment“達到，實現(xiàn)”；B選項expertise“要求”；C選項witness“獲得，學到”；D選項cleverness“詢問”。句意：人們最需要的精神產(chǎn)品將是實用的智慧，而不是小聰明。選項D更符合語境。

8.單選題

Certainlynocreatureintheseaisodderthanthecommonseacucumber.Alllivingcreatures，especiallyhumanbeings,havetheirpeculiarities,buteverythingaboutthelittleseacucumberseemsunusual.Whatelsecanbesaidaboutabizarreanimalthat,amongothereccentricities,eatsmud，feedsalmostcontinuouslydayandnightbutcanlivewithouteatingforlongperiods,andcanbepoisonousbutisconsideredsupremelyediblebygourmets?

Forsomefiftymillionyears，despiteallitseccentricities,theseacucumberhassubsistedonitsdietofmud.Itisadaptableenoughtoliveattachedtorocksbyitstubefeet,underrocksinshallowwater,oronthesurfaceofmudflats.CommonincoolwateronbothAtlanticandPacificshores,ithastheabilitytosuckupmudorsandanddigestwhatevernutrientsarepresent.

Seacucumberscomeinavarietyofcolors,rangingfromblacktoreddish-browntosand-coloredandnearlywhite.Oneformevenhasvividpurpletentacles.Usuallythecreaturesarecucumber-shaped—hencetheirname—andbecausetheyaretypicallyrockinhabitants,thisshape,combinedwith(heirflexibility,enablesthemtosqueezeintocreviceswheretheyaresafefrompredatorsandoceancurrents.

Althoughtheyhavevoraciousappetites,eatingdayandnight,seacucumbershavethecapacitytobecomequiescentandliveatalowmetabolicrate—feedingsparinglyornotatallforlongperiods,sothatthemarineorganismsthatprovidetheirfoodhaveachancetomultiply.Ifitwerenotforthisfaculty.theywoulddevourallthefoodavaila-bleinashorttimeandwouldprobablystarvethemselvesoutofexistence.

Butthemostspectacularthingabouttheseacucumberisthewayitdefendsitself.Itsmajorenemiesarefishandcrabs.Whenattacked,itsquirtsallitsinternalorgansintothewater.Italsocastsoffattachedstructuressuchastentacles.Theseacucumberwilleviscerateandregenerateitselfifitisattackedoreventouched;itwilldothesameifthesurroundingwatertemperatureistoohighorthewaterbecomestoopolluted.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whyistheshapeofseacucumberimportant?

2.Thefourthparagraphofthepassageprimarilydiscusses（）

3.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthedefensemechanismsoftheseacucumber?

4.WhichofthefollowingwouldNOTcauseaseacucumbertoreleaseitsinternalorgansintothewater?

問題1選項

A.Becauseithelpsthemdigestfood.

B.Becauseithelpsthemprotectthemselvesfromdanger.

C.Becauseitmakesiteasierforthemtomovethroughmud.

D.Becauseitmakesthemattractivetofish.

問題2選項

A.thereproductionofseacucumbers

B.thefoodsourcesofseacucumbers

C.theeatinghabitsofseacucumbers

D.threatstoseacucumbers'existence

問題3選項

A.Theyareverysensitivetothesurroundingstimuli.

B.Theyarealmostuseless.

C.Theyrequiregroupcooperation.

D.Theyaresimilartothoseofmostseacreatures.

問題4選項

A.Atouch

B.Food

C.Unusuallywarmwater

D.Pollution

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

【解析】1.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段，“enablesthemtosqueezeintocreviceswheretheyaresafefrompredatorsandoceancurrents.”?？芍⒌念伾托螤钍顾鼈兛梢圆剡M裂縫中，可以遠離捕食者，更好地保護自己。選項B符合題意。

2.主旨題。根據(jù)第四段，“Althoughtheyhavevoraciousappetites,eatingdayandnight..”。海參的胃口很大，可以晝夜不停地吃?？芍谒亩沃饕懻摵⒌娘嬍沉晳T。選項C符合題意。

3.推斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“Theseacucumberwilleviscerateandregenerateitselfifitisattackedoreventouched”一受到攻擊甚至是觸摸，海參把內(nèi)臟會噴射到水里然后重生，可推斷出海參對外界的攻擊反應是很靈敏的。選項A符合題意。

4.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“…ifitisattackedoreventouched…ifthesurroundingwatertemperatureistoohighorthewaterbecomestoopolluted.”?？芍疁亍⑺廴?、攻擊或者觸碰都會使海參有反應。選項B符合題意。

9.單選題

Please（）fromsmokinguntiltheaeroplaneisairborne.

問題1選項

A.refrain

B.prevent

C.resist

D.restrain

【答案】A

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。refrainfrom克制，抑制，忍?。籶reventfrom阻止，制止；resist一般與to搭配，意為“抵抗，反抗”；restrain的用法為restrainsb.fromdoingsth.,意為“阻止某人做某事”。這里指克制住抽煙的沖動，所以選項A符合語境。

10.單選題

Thereasonhewantstotakealeaveofabsenceis______.

問題1選項

A.becauseheisneedingacompleterest

B.becauseheneededacompleterest

C.thatheneedsacompleterest

D.becauseacompleterestisneededbyhim

【答案】C

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.becauseheisneedingacompleterestB.becauseheneededacompleterest

C.thatheneedsacompleterestD.becauseacompleterestisneededbyhim

【答案】C

【考查點】表語從句。

【解題思路】分析句子可知，句子缺少表語，而結(jié)合選項可知，該句的句意是“他想休假的原因是他需要充分休息”，所以空格處是一個表語從句，because和that都可以引導表語從句，而“需要休息”的主體是he，所以從句中的主語用he，又根據(jù)前面的wants可知，need應該同樣用一般現(xiàn)在時，故該題選擇C項。

【干擾項排除】

A項need一般不用于進行時態(tài)；

B項need時態(tài)使用錯誤；

D項主語應該是he，故排除。

【句意】他想休假的原因是他需要充分休息。

11.單選題

Oncethevice-chancellorofauniversityis（

）,hebeginshistermofoffice.

問題1選項

A.launched

B.commenced

C.inaugurated

D.initiated

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。launch意為“發(fā)射”；commence意為“開始，著手”；inaugurate意為“為（某人）舉行就職典禮，啟動，開創(chuàng)”；initiate意為“開始，發(fā)起”。

句意：大學副校長就職典禮一旦舉行，他就開始了任期。

12.問答題

Cancerdevelopswhencellsinapartofthebodybegintogrowoutcontrol.Althoughtherearemanykindsofcancer,theyallstartbecauseofout-of-controlgrowthofabnormalcells.

Normalbodycellsgrow,divide,anddieinanorderlyfashion.Duringtheearlyyearsofaperson’slife,normalcellsdividemorerapidlyuntilthepersonbecomesanadult.Afterthat,cellsinmostpartsofthebodydivideonlytoreplaceworn-outordyingcellsandtorepairinjuries.

Becausecancercellscontinuetogrowanddivide,theyaredifferentfromnormalcells.Insteadofdying,theyoutlivenormalcellsandcontinuetoformnewabnormalcells.Cancercellsoftentraveltootherpartsofthebodywheretheybegintogrowandreplacenormaltissue.Thisprocess,calledmetastasis,occursasthecancercellsgetintothebloodstreamorlymphvesselsofourbody.Whencellsfromacancerlikebreastcancerspreadtoanotherorganliketheliver,thecancerisstillcalledbreastcancer,notlivercancer.

CancercellsdevelopbecauseofdamagetoDNA.Thissubstanceisineverycellanddirectsallitsactivities.MostofthetimewhenDNAbecomesdamagedthebodyisabletorepairit.Incancercells,thedamagedDNAisnotrepaired.PeoplecaninheritdamagedDNA,whichaccountsforinheritedcancers.Manytimesthough,aperson’sDNAbecomesdamagedbyexposuretosomethingintheenvironment,likesmoking.

Cancerusuallyformsasatumor.Somecancers,likeleukemia,donotformtumors.Instead,thesecancercellsinvolvethebloodandblood-formingorgansandcirculatethroughothertissueswheretheygrow.Rememberthatnotalltumorsarecancerous.Benigntumorsdonotspreadtootherpartsofthebodyand,withveryrareexceptions,arenotlifethreatening.

Differenttypesofcancercanbehaveverydifferently.Forexample,lungcancerandbreastcancerareverydifferentdiseases.Theygrowatdifferentratesandrespondtodifferenttreatments.Thatiswhypeoplewithcancerneedtreatmentthatisaimedattheirparticularkindofcancer.

CanceristhesecondleadingcauseofdeathintheUnitedStates.Halfofallmenandone-thirdofallwomenintheUSwilldevelopcancerduringtheirlifetimes.Today,millionsofpeoplearelivingwithcancerorhavehadcancer.Theriskofdevelopingmosttypesofcancercanbereducedbychangesinaperson’slifestyle,forexample,byquittingsmokingandeatingabetterdiet.Thesooneracancerisfoundandtreatmentbegins,thebetterarechancesforlivingformanyyears.

1.Howarecancercellsdifferentfromnormalones?

2.Whydoescancercelldevelop?

3.Iscancerhereditary?Why?

4.Areallthetumorscancerous?Whyorwhynot?Giveyourreasons.

【答案】答：

1.Insteadofdying,cancercellsoutlivenormalcellsandcontinuetoformnewabnormalcells.

2.CancercellsdevelopbecauseofdamagetoDNA.

3.Yes,itisbecausepeoplecaninheritdamagedDNA,whichaccountsforinheritedcancers.

4.Notalltumorsarecancerousbecausetherearebenigntumors,whichdonotspreadtootherpartsofthebodyandusuallyarenotlifethreatening.

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“癌細胞與正常細胞有何不同？”。第三段前兩句提到Becausecancercellscontinuetogrowanddivide,theyaredifferentfromnormalcells.Insteadofdying,theyoutlivenormalcellsandcontinuetoformnewabnormalcells.（因為癌細胞繼續(xù)生長和分裂，所以它們不同于正常細胞；它們不是死亡，而是比正常細胞活得更久，并繼續(xù)形成新的異常細胞），所以把這兩句整合到一起，答案為Insteadofdying,cancercellsoutlivenormalcellsandcontinuetoformnewabnormalcells（癌細胞不會死亡，而是比正常細胞活得更久，并繼續(xù)形成新的不正常細胞）。

2.細節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“癌細胞為什么會產(chǎn)生？”。第四段第一句就提到了CancercellsdevelopbecauseofdamagetoDNA.（癌細胞的產(chǎn)生是由于對DNA的破壞），因此答案為這一句。

3.細節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“癌癥遺傳嗎？為什么？”。文章第四段提到Incancercells,thedamagedDNAisnotrepaired.PeoplecaninheritdamagedDNA,whichaccountsforinheritedcancers.（在癌細胞中，受損的DNA無法修復；人們可以遺傳受損的DNA，這就是遺傳性癌癥的原因）可知，癌癥會遺傳，原因是癌細胞破壞的DNA，而受損的DNA可以遺傳。

4.細節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“所有的腫瘤都是惡性的嗎？為什么是或為什么不是？”。根據(jù)第五段最后兩句Rememberthatnotalltumorsarecancerous.Benigntumorsdonotspreadtootherpartsofthebodyand,withveryrareexceptions,arenotlifethreatening.（記住，不是所有的腫瘤都是惡性的；良性腫瘤不會擴散到身體的其他部位，不會危及生命，除了極少數(shù)例外）可知，不是所有的腫瘤是惡性的。故答案為Notalltumorsarecancerousbecausetherearebenigntumors,whichdonotspreadtootherpartsofthebodyandusuallyarenotlifethreatening（不是所有的腫瘤都是惡性的，因為有良性腫瘤，它們不會擴散到身體的其他部位，通常不會危及生命）。

13.單選題

Thetutortellstheundergraduatethatonecanacquire（）inaforeignlanguagethroughmorepractice.

問題1選項

A.proficiency

B.efficiency

C.efficacy

D.frequency

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項proficiency“精通，熟練”；B選項efficiency“效率，效能，功效”；C選項efficacy“功效，效力”；D選項frequency“頻率，頻繁”。句意：導師告訴本科生，通過多練習，可以_____一門外語。這里表達的意思是“熟練地掌握一門外語”，因此A選項符合題意。

14.單選題

Takingchargeofyourselfinvolvesputtingtorestsomeveryprevalentmisconceptions.（46）thetopofthelististhenotionthatintelligenceis（47）byyourabilitytosolvecomplexproblems,toread,writeandcomputeatcertainlevels,andtoresolveabstractequationsquickly.Thisvisionof（48）assertsformaleducationandbookishexcellenceasthetruemeasuresofselffulfillment.It（49）akindofintellectualprejudicethathasbroughtwithitsomediscouragingresults.Wehave（50）tobelievethatsomeonewhohasmoreeducationalmeritbadges,whoisverygoodatsomeformofschooldiscipline,is“intelligent”.（51）mentalhospitalsarefilledwithpatientswhohavealloftheproperlyletteredcertificates.Atruerindicatorofintelligenceisaneffective,happylifelivedeachdayaneachpresentmomentofeveryday.

Ifyouarehappy,ifyouliveeachmomentforeverythingit’sworth,thenyouareanintelligentperson.Problem（52）isausefulhelptoyourhappiness,butifyouknowthatgivenyourinabilitytoresolveaparticularconcernyoucanstillchoosehappinessforyourself,or（53）aminimumrefusetochooseunhappiness,（54）youareintelligent.Youareintelligentbecauseyouhavetheultimateweapon（55）thebigN.B.D.—NervousBreakDown.

“Intelligent”peopledonothaveN.B.D.’sbecausetheyarein（56）ofthemselves.Theyknowhowtochoosehappiness（57）depression,becausetheyknowhowtodealwiththeproblemsof（58）lives.

Youcanbegintothinkofyourself（59）trulyintelligentonthebasisof（60）youchoosetofeel（61）thefaceofdifficultcircumstances.Thelifestrugglesareprettymuchthesameforeachofus.Everyonewhoisinvolvedwithotherhumanbeingsinanysocialcontexthas（62）difficulties.Disagreements,conflictsandcompromisesareapartof（63）itmeanstobehuman.Similarly,money,growingold,sickness,deaths,naturaldisastersandaccidentsarealleventswhich（64）problemstovirtuallyallhumanbeings.Butsomepeopleareabletomake（65）toavoidimmobilizingdepressionandunhappinessdespitesuchoccurrences,whileothercollapseorhaveanN.B.D.Thosewhorecognizedproblemsasahumanconditionanddon’tmeasurehappinessbyanabsenceofproblemsarethemostintelligentkindofhumansweknow;alsothemostrare.

問題1選項

A.At

B.On

C.Under

D.Over

問題2選項

A.measured

B.meant

C.machined

D.molded

問題3選項

A.notion

B.disability

C.intelligence

D.misconception

問題4選項

A.experiences

B.encourages

C.encounters

D.exploits

問題5選項

A.come

B.gradually

C.been

D.being

問題6選項

A.Hence

B.Therefore

C.Thus

D.Yet

問題7選項

A.finding

B.tracking

C.solving

D.killing

問題8選項

A.for

B.with

C.to

D.at

問題9選項

A.then

B.but

C.since

D.as

問題10選項

A.opposite

B.against

C.toward

D.across

問題11選項

A.power

B.place

C.charge

D.danger

問題12選項

A.against

B.from

C.under

D.over

問題13選項

A.their

B.our

C.its

D.his

問題14選項

A.for

B.at

C.when

D.as

問題15選項

A.how

B.why

C.when

D.where

問題16選項

A.up

B.in

C.to

D.against

問題17選項

A.same

B.obvious

C.varying

D.similar

問題18選項

A.what

B.how

C.when

D.which

問題19選項

A.propose

B.present

C.prosecute

D.proceed

問題20選項

A.them

B.that

C.their

D.it

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

第6題:D

第7題:C

第8題:D

第9題:A

第10題:B

第11題:C

第12題:D

第13題:A

第14題:D

第15題:A

第16題:B

第17題:D

第18題:A

第19題:B

第20題:D

【解析】46.考查固定搭配。A選項At“在”；B選項On“在……上”；C選項Under“在……之下；Over“越過；在……之上”。句意：排在首列的是這樣一種觀念……。固定搭配Atthetopofthelist“在列表的頂部”。Onthetopof一般是用來說明在某物的上部。句中的主語不是一個具體的事物，可排除。Under與top詞義相反，不可搭配使用。Overthetopof一般是指懸空在上方，可排除。因此A選項符合題意。

47.考查動詞辨析。A選項measured“測量”；B選項meant“意味著”；C選項machined“機器加工”；D選項molded“用模子塑造”。句意：排在首位的是這樣一種觀念：智力是由你解決復雜問題的能力來……的。而且根據(jù)后面的介詞by，可知空格內(nèi)填入measured最為恰當。短語bemeasuredby“由……來衡量”。因此A選項符合題意。

48.考查名詞辨析。A選項notion“概念；見解”；B選項disability“無能；無資格”；C選項intelligence“智力；才智”；D選項misconception“誤解”。句意：這種……觀認為正規(guī)教育和優(yōu)秀的書卷氣是衡量自我實現(xiàn)的真正標準。根據(jù)指示代詞this指代上一句的thenotion，由thenotion后面的that引導的同位語從句內(nèi)容可知談論的是關(guān)于intelligence的看法。因此C選項符合題意。

49.考查動詞辨析。A選項experiences“經(jīng)歷”；B選項encourages“鼓勵；激勵”；C選項encounters“遭遇”；D選項exploits“開發(fā)；剝削”。句意：它……了一種智力偏見，并帶來了一些令人沮喪的結(jié)果。由后面說到的帶來了一些令人沮喪的結(jié)果可知，一定是智力偏見加劇后從而得到的結(jié)果。encourage也有“助長”的意義，因此B選項符合題意。

50.考查固定搭配。A選項come“來”；B選項gradually“逐漸地”；C選項been“是；有”，be的過去分詞；D選項being“是；有”，be的現(xiàn)在分詞。句意：我們……相信。固定搭配havecometodo“已經(jīng)開始”，因此A選項符合題意。

51.考查語義邏輯。A選項Hence“因此”；B選項Therefore“因此”；C選項Thus“因此”；D選項Yet“然而；但是”。前一句說的是我們開始相信，那些獲得更多教育獎章、擅長某種形式的學校紀律的人是“聰明的”?？崭窈蟮膬?nèi)容是精神病院的病人都擁有所有正確的證書。兩個句子存在一種轉(zhuǎn)折，得了很多證書拿了獎項的人是聰明的，然而精神病院的病人也大多收獲了很多證書。因此D選項符合題意。

52.考查動詞辨析。A選項finding“發(fā)現(xiàn)”；B選項tracking“追蹤；跟蹤”；C選項solving“解決”；D選項killing“殺死”。句意：……問題對你的幸福是有幫助的?？梢耘cproblem“問題”搭配的是發(fā)現(xiàn)問題，或者是解決問題。根據(jù)后一句的關(guān)鍵詞resolve“解決”可知，這里是在說解決問題對幸福是有幫助的。因此C選項符合題意。

53.考查固定搭配。A選項for“為了；對”；B選項with“和；具有”；C選項to“朝；位于”；D選項at“在；以”。句意：或者……拒絕選擇不快樂。固定搭配ataminimum“至少”。因此D選項符合題意。

54.考查語義邏輯。A