考研考博-英語-保山學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-保山學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

The（

）physicisthasbeenchallengedbyothersinhisfield.

問題1選項

A.respectable

B.respectful

C.respective

D.respecting

【答案】A

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。A選項respectable“可敬的，值得尊敬的”；B選項respectful“尊敬的，有禮貌的”；C選項respective“各自的，分別的”；D選項respecting“尊敬，尊重”。根據(jù)選項的意思，可知A選項最符合句意。句意：這位受人尊敬的物理學(xué)家在他的領(lǐng)域受到了其他人的挑戰(zhàn)。

2.單選題

Theseillegalimmigrantshavetoworklonghoursadaydespitetheappallingworkingconditions.

問題1選項

A.bewildering

B.exasperating

C.dismaying

D.upsetting

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。appalling表示“可怕的，令人震驚的”；A項bewildering“使人困惑的”，B項exasperating“使人惱怒的”，C項dismaying“令人震驚的，令人驚恐的”，D項upsetting“令人心煩意亂的”。句意：盡管工作條件惡劣，這些非法移民每天還是得工作很長時間。根據(jù)句意可知，選擇C項正確。

3.單選題

OnOctober11th,1994,JohnForbesNash,Jr.wontheNobelPrizeforpioneeringworkingametheory.

NashbeganhisPh.D.atPrincetonin1948whenhewasjust20.Whilehewasstillonly21,liewrotea27doctoraldissertationongametheory(博弈論)——themathematicsofcompetition.ThegreatJohnvonNeuman,thenatPrinceton,hadtreatedwin-losecompetitions.NowNashshowedhowtoconstructmathematicalsituationsinwhichbothsideswon.Hefoundstablesituationswherenopersoncontinuestoprofitfromcompetition.

Nashintroducedsomethingtotallynew.Andhedrewtheattentionoftheoreticaleconomists.Theyturnedgametheoryintoatool.Thisyounggeniushadsucceeded.

HewentontoMITandforeightyearsgreatlyimpressedthemathematicalworld.Heworkedineconomics.HeeveninventedthegameofHex,marketedbyparkerBrothers.Hemarriedin1957.NewYorkTimeswriterSilviaNasartellshowFortuneMagazinesingledhimoutinJuly1958asAmerica'sbrilliantyoungstarofthe“newmathematics”.Everythingwasgoingsmoothly.

Then,disaster!Mentalillnessovertookhim.He’donceastonishedmathematicianswithhisunlikelyresults.Nowhisresultsstoppedmakingsense,andthedividinglinewasn’tclearatfirst.Hebeganlookingforsecretmessagesinnumbers.

Psychologistsofthe1950sclaimedthathiswife’spregnancyhadtippedhimovertheedge.Nicethingtolayonawomanalreadystressedtotheedgebyherhusband’scollapse!Themarriageended,butshehousedhim,backinPrinceton.

For25years,mentalillnesscontrolledJohnNash.Itwasinthemid-1980sthatNashatlastlearnedtomanagehisillnessand,onceagain,hecoulddomathematics.Meanwhile,gametheoryhadbecomeastapletoolofbusinessandeconomics.AllthewritinginthatfieldpointsbacktoNash'sseminalwork.Finally,NashreceivedtheNobelPrizeineconomics.

1.NashwontheNobelPrize（

）.

2.Theword“They”(Para.3)refersto

（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

4.WhydoyouthinkNashmadehisachievementinthefieldofmathematicsbutwashonoredwiththeNobelPrizeforeconomicsinstead?

5.Thepurposeofthisarticlemightbe（

）.

問題1選項

A.forpioneeringworkinestablishingatheory

B.forcombiningmathematicswitheconomics

C.forgreatlyimpressingthemathematicalworldfor8years

D.forhismerit

問題2選項

A.theoreticaleconomists

B.Nashandhiscolleagues

C.Nashandotherscientists

D.competitors

問題3選項

A.Nash’swifedivorcedhim,butgavehimahouseasagift.

B.Nash’swifeagreedthatherpregnancycontributedtoNash’smentalcollapse.

C.Theauthorthinksit’srighttoblameNash’swifeforhismentalcollapse.

D.Theauthorthinksit’sunfairtoblameNash’swifeforhismentalcollapse.

問題4選項

A.Becausehisgametheorydrewtheattentionoftheoreticaleconomists.

B.Becausehisgametheoryhasbecomeastapletoolofbusinessandeconomics.

C.Becauseheturnedhisgametheoryintoatool.

D.BecauseNashwasaneconomist.

問題5選項

A.totellastoryofamathematicsgenius

B.todepictamathematicsgenius

C.totellthereadersaboutJohnForbesNash.Jr.

D.totellhowNashconqueredhismentalillness

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容“JohnForbesNash,Jr.因博弈論的開創(chuàng)性工作獲得諾貝爾獎?！边x項A符合原文。

第2題:語義題。根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容“Nashintroducedsomethingtotallynew.Andhedrewtheattentionoftheoreticaleconomists.Theyturnedgametheoryintoatool.”Nash介紹了一些全新的東西。他引起了理論經(jīng)濟學(xué)家的注意。他們把博弈論變成了一種工具。由此可知，這里的“they”指的是上句中的“theoreticaleconomists”。所以選項A正確。

第3題:判斷推理題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段最后一句“Themarriageended,butshehousedhim,backinPrinceton.”離婚后，他的妻子把他安置在普林斯頓。而不是送了一套房子給他，所以選項A錯誤；根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第一句“Psychologistsofthe1950sclaimedthathiswife’spregnancyhadtippedhimovertheedge.”20世紀50年代的心理學(xué)家們聲稱，他妻子的懷孕讓他陷入了崩潰的邊緣。但原文并沒有說這是導(dǎo)致他精神崩潰的原因，所以選項B錯誤；再根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第二句“Nicethingtolayonawomanalreadystressedtotheedgebyherhusband’scollapse!”雖然英文表達為感嘆句，但其實這里應(yīng)該翻譯為：將責任歸因于一位因精神崩潰的丈夫而背負巨大壓力的女性真的好嗎？潛在意思是說，這是不公平的，所以選項C錯誤，選項D正確。

第4題:細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)最后一段最后幾句“Meanwhile,gametheoryhadbecomeastapletoolofbusinessandeconomics.AllthewritinginthatfieldpointsbacktoNash'sseminalwork.Finally,NashreceivedtheNobelPrizeineconomics.”與此同時，博弈論已經(jīng)成為商業(yè)和經(jīng)濟學(xué)的主要工具。相關(guān)領(lǐng)域的所有文章都基于Nash具有重大意義的研究成果。最后，Nash獲得了諾貝爾經(jīng)濟學(xué)獎。由此可知，是因為Nash的博弈論已經(jīng)成為商業(yè)和經(jīng)濟學(xué)的主要工具，所以他獲得的是諾貝爾經(jīng)濟獎。選項B正確。

第5題:主旨大意題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要講的是Nash的一生。他雖然精通數(shù)學(xué)領(lǐng)域，但他獲得的卻是諾貝爾經(jīng)濟獎。所以選項A和B錯誤；選項D“講述Nash是如何戰(zhàn)勝精神疾病的”只是他人生的一部分，所以選項D錯誤；選項C為正確答案。

4.單選題

Somemightconsideritanuglytruththatattractivepeopleareoftenmoresuccessfulthanthose________blessedwithlooks.

問題1選項

A.less

B.more

C.most

D.least

【答案】A

【解析】考查語法知識。根據(jù)題干中more…than結(jié)構(gòu)可知空格處應(yīng)填寫比較級與之對應(yīng)，因此排除C和D。而attractive與blessedwithlooks表達同義，無法比較，因此空格處應(yīng)選擇否定意義。句意：有些人可能會認為這是一個丑陋的事實，有吸引力的人往往比那些顏值沒那么高的人更成功。因此A選項符合題意。

5.單選題

Letusgetoutquickly.Itisnogood____time.

問題1選項

A.waste

B.towaste

C.wasting

D.tohavewasted

【答案】C

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.waste浪費B.towaste浪費

C.wasting浪費D.tohavewasted浪費

【答案】C

【考查點】固定搭配

【解題思路】本題考查的是固定句型：It/Thereisnogooddoingsth.=Itdoesnogoodtodosth.“做什么是沒用的?！币虼耍珻選項wasting“浪費”，符合要求。

【干擾項排除】A、B、D選項不符合句型搭配。

【句意】我們趕快出去。浪費時間是沒用的。

6.單選題

Mobileofficeisthemutualproductofeconomic,scientific,andsocialprogress.Mobileofficehasbecomeasolutionthatprovidesuserswithconvenient,prompt,safe,reliable,andreasonablypricedcommunicationsandofficefacultyanywhereanytimeviathesupportofmobileinterconnectionplatform(MIP)anditsapplicationssystems.

Whenyouleaveyourofficetoattendmeetingsortravelonbusiness,whatwouldhappentoyourbusinessroutine?Ofcourse,faxesande-mailswouldbestillsenttoyourfaxmachineore-mailbox,butyoucannotreadthemandmakepromptreactiontimely.Whenyourclientsneedyoutomakesomeurgentmodificationsonyourworkandyouareneitherintheofficenorcarryingrelevantdocuments,whatcanyoudo?Maybeyouhavetosay"sorry"totheclients.Butyourbusinesswillbeaffected,theclientswillbeunhappyanddisappointedbecauseofyourdelay,andyouwilllosealotofbusinessopportunities.

Infact,veryfrequently,youneedtocheck,reply,distribute,display,modify,orreadsomematerialswhenyouarenotinyouroffice.Youmustgetoutofthisdilemma.Thebestsolutiontonormallyhandleyourbusinessanywhereanytimeandnottodisappointyourclientsistoletyouroffice"move"withyou.Thus,youcanhaveconvenient,prompt,safe,reliable,andreasonablypricedcommunicationsandofficefacultyanywhereanytime.Withthedevelopmentofcommunicationstechnology,networkapplication,andwirelessinterconnection,mobileofficehasbecomesimplerandsmaller,andevencanberealizedviaonemobilephonewithdatacommunicationsfunction.Thus,mobileofficehasalreadybeenputintoyourpocket,andofficemobilityhasbeenrealized.

Mobileofficehasprovidedpeoplewithconvenient,casualworkingenvironment,butatthesametimeitstillhassomeunsatisfactoryaspectssuchasmismatchingequipmentinterfaceandinadequatebattery.Nevertheless,webelievethatwithtechnicalprogress,peoplecancertainlyovercomeallkindsofdifficulties.Mobileofficewillmakeyourcareerunimpeded,andwillrealizethedreamofcompletelyfreecommunication.Userswillenjoymorecolorfullifeandbetterworkingenvironment,andusers'livingstandard,workingefficiency,andevenenterprises’productionefficiencywillcertainlybeimmenselyraised.

1.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat（）.

2.Welearnfromthepassagethatwithoutmobileoffice,（）.

3.Thepassagesuggeststhatmobileofficeisnecessary,especiallywhen（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementbestexpressesthemainideaofthesecondparagraph?

5.Intheeyesoftheauthor,mobileoffice（）.

問題1選項

A.mobileofficeistheonlywaybywhichpeoplecouldenjoypromptandsafeworkingenvironment

B.withthedevelopmentofscience,mobileofficecomestoourlifeinevitably

C.peoplehadnoconvenientandreliablecommunicationsandofficefacultybefore

D.mobileinterconnectionplatformanditsapplicationsystemsisthecoreofmobileoffice

問題2選項

A.youcannotputyourbusinessroutineasideorattendmeetings

B.youcannotreadfaxesande-mailswhenyoutravelonbusiness

C.youcannotmakeapologiestotheclientsforyourdelay

D.youcannotcatchanybusinessopportunitiesbecauseofbadworkingcondition

問題3選項

A.youneedtomakesomeurgentmodificationonyourwork

B.youneedtoreadandreplyfaxesande-mails

C.youareoutoftheofficetoattendmeetings

D.youcanputthemobileofficeintoyourpocket

問題4選項

A.Whenyouleaveyouroffice,youshouldnotforgetyourbusinessroutine.

B.Youwilllosealotofbusinessopportunitiesifyoualwaysdelayyourwork.

C.Whenyouleaveyouroffice,yourbusinessroutinewouldbeharmed.

D.Whenyoucannotmeettheneedofyourclients,youshouldsay“sorry”.

問題5選項

A.hassomefatalshortcomings

B.istooexpensivetoafford

C.wouldberealizedinthefuture

D.hasbothadvantagesanddisadvantages

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:1.細節(jié)事實題。由第一段“Mobileofficehasbecomeasolutionthatprovidesuserswithconvenient,prompt,safe,reliable,andreasonablypricedcommunicationsandofficefacultyanywhereanytimeviathesupportofmobileinterconnectionplatform(MIP)anditsapplicationssystems.移動辦公通過移動互聯(lián)平臺（MIP）及其應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)的支持，已成為一種為用戶提供方便、及時、安全、可靠、價格合理的通信和辦公能力的解決方案?！笨芍狣項“移動互聯(lián)平臺及其應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)是移動辦公的核心”正確。

2.細節(jié)事實題。由第二段“Whatwouldhappentoyourbusinessroutine?Ofcourse,faxesande-mailswouldbestillsenttoyourfaxmachineore-mailbox,butyoucannotreadthemandmakepromptreactiontimely.你的日常工作會發(fā)生什么?當然，傳真和電子郵件仍然會發(fā)送到你的傳真機或電子信箱，但你不能及時閱讀并且做出迅速反應(yīng)?！笨芍狟項正確。

3.推理判斷題。由第三段“Infact,veryfrequently,youneedtocheck,reply,distribute,display,modify,orreadsomematerialswhenyouarenotinyouroffice.Youmustgetoutofthisdilemma.Thebestsolutiontonormallyhandleyourbusinessanywhereanytimeandnottodisappointyourclientsistoletyouroffice"move"withyou.事實上，當你不在辦公室的時候，你經(jīng)常需要檢查、回復(fù)、分發(fā)、展示、修改或閱讀一些材料。你必須擺脫這種困境。要想在任何時間、任何地點正常處理業(yè)務(wù)，又不讓客戶失望，最好的辦法就是讓你的辦公室隨你一起“移動”。”可知當不在辦公室里時，最需要移動辦公。故C項正確。AB兩項都缺乏一個前提即人不在辦公室。D項與題干無關(guān)。

4.主旨大意題。第二段主要講述了當你離開辦公室去出差或參加會議時，如果沒有移動辦公，你的日常商務(wù)活動會受影響。故C項正確。

5.細節(jié)事實題。由最后一段“Mobileofficehasprovidedpeoplewithconvenient,casualworkingenvironment,butatthesametimeitstillhassomeunsatisfactoryaspectssuchasmismatchingequipmentinterfaceandinadequatebattery.移動辦公為人們提供了方便、隨意的工作環(huán)境，但同時也存在著設(shè)備接口不匹配、電池不足等不盡人意的方面?！笨芍髡哒J為移動辦公既有優(yōu)點也有缺點。故D項正確。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

第5題:

7.單選題

Astheeconomygrew,anincreasingsenseofsamenessprevailedinAmericansociety.Thiswasthegreatageofconformity,whenmembersofallsocialgroupslearnedtoimitatethosearoundthemratherthanstrikeoutontheirown.Third-and-fourth-generationethnicAmericansbecamemuchmorealike.Withimmigrationslowedtoatrickleafter1924,andtiestoEuropeweakened,assimilationoccurred.Televisioncontributedtogrowingconformitybyprovidingyoungandoldwithcommon,sharedvisuallyattractiveexperience.Escapingtheassimilatingtendencieswasdifficult.SociologistDavidRiesmanpointedoutthatintheclassicnurseryrhyme“ThisLittlePigWenttoMarket,”eachpigwenthisownway.“Today,however,alllittlepigsgotomarket;nonestayhome;allhaveroastbeef,ifanydo;andallsay‘we-we.’”

Thewillingnesstoconformtogroupnormsaffectedcollegesanduniversities,wherecautiousstudentssoughtsecurity.Theyjoinedfraternitiesandsororitiesandengagedinpantyraidsandotherpranks,buttooklittleinterestinworldaffairs.“Iobserve,”YalepresidentA.WhitneyGriswoldtoldagraduatingclassin1950,“thatyousharetheprevailingmoodofthehour,whichinyourcaseconsistsofbargainsprivatelymadewithfate—onfate’sterms.”

Americansinthepostwaryearsdiscoveredasharedreligioussenseandreturnedtotheirchurchesinrecordnumbers.Churchmembershipdoubledbetween1945and1970.Inpart,churchattendancereflectedadesiretochallenge“godlesscommunism”attheheightoftheColdWarandtofindsomerelieffromthethreatofanuclearwar;inpart,itresultedfromthepowerofsuggestionthatledAmericanstodowhatothersdid.Religionalsoseemedtoreinforcetheimportanceoffamilylife.Asonesloganputit,“Thefamilythatpraystogetherstaystogether.”Moreover,religionbecameincreasinglyappealing.EvangelistBillyGraham,oftenintroducedas“amanwithGod’smessageforthesecrisisdays,”preachedtomillionsathisrevivals.Hecapitalizedonthemedia,usingradio,television,andfilmtospreadhismessage.Bytheendofthe1950s,fully95percentofallAmericansidentifiedwithsomereligiousdenomination.

46.Accordingtothecontext,wecanguessthat“thegreatageofconformity”roughlymeanstheerawhen______.

47.SociologistDavidRiesman’sremarksrevealed______.

48.WhatYalepresidentsaidshowsthatcollegestudents______.

49.Accordingtothethirdparagraph,largechurchattendanceseemstohavetodowithallofthefollowingexcept______.

50.Whichofthefollowingcanbeasuitabletitleforthepassage?

問題1選項

A.peoplefromallwalksoflifetooklittleinterestinworldaffairs

B.allsocialmemberstendedtoactthewayothersdid

C.theyoungandtheoldlearnedtonarrowtheirdifferencesandtolerateeachother

D.religionplayedanimportantroleinreinforcingtheimportanceoffamilylife

問題2選項

A.thechangeinthedietofAmericans

B.differencesinAmericans’opinionsonnurseryeducation

C.theeffectsofeconomicgrowthonAmerican’habitsandcustoms

D.theprevailingtrendtowardsassimilationinAmericansociety

問題3選項

A.gaveupstrugglingforabetterfuture

B.werestrugglinghardforabetterfuture

C.wereonlyinterestedinstudents’organizations

D.werefavoredbyfate

問題4選項

A.Americans’keenerawarenessoftheimportanceoffamilylife

B.theever-growingattractionofreligionforAmericans

C.Americans’resolvetogivefullsupporttotheColdWar

D.thegraveinternationalsituationofthetime

問題5選項

A.America:ADifferentSocietyfromthePast

B.SpreadofReligioninPostwarYears

C.Religion:AnImportantAspectofAmericanLife

D.ConformityinAmericanSociety

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】46.【選項釋義】

46.Accordingtothecontext,wecanguessthat“thegreatageofconformity”roughlymeanstheerawhen______.46.根據(jù)上下文，我們可以猜測“從眾的大時代”大致上指的是______時代。

A.peoplefromallwalksoflifetooklittleinterestinworldaffairsA.各行各業(yè)的人對世界事務(wù)不感興趣

B.allsocialmemberstendedtoactthewayothersdidB.所有社會成員都傾向于模仿他人的行為方式

C.theyoungandtheoldlearnedtonarrowtheirdifferencesandtolerateeachotherC.年輕人和老年人學(xué)會了縮小他們的差異并互相容忍

D.religionplayedanimportantroleinreinforcingtheimportanceoffamilylifeD.宗教在加強家庭生活重要性方面發(fā)揮了重要作用

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)thegreatageofconformity定位至第一段第二句“這是一個從眾的大時代（thegreatageofconformity），所有社會群體的成員都學(xué)會了模仿他們周圍的人，而不是開創(chuàng)屬于自己的想法（imitatethosearoundthemratherthanstrikeoutontheirown）”，理解可知，thegreatageofconformity（從眾的大時代）就是所有社會群體成員模仿他人行為的時代。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

【干擾項排除】

C選項“年輕人和老年人學(xué)會了縮小他們的差異并互相容忍”沒提到，無中生有；

A選項“各行各業(yè)的人對世界事務(wù)不感興趣”和D選項“宗教在加強家庭生活重要性方面發(fā)揮了重要作用”與題干無關(guān)，張冠李戴。

47.【選項釋義】

47.SociologistDavidRiesman’sremarksrevealed______.47.社會學(xué)家大衛(wèi)?里斯曼的評論揭示了______。

A.thechangeinthedietofAmericansA.美國人飲食的變化

B.differencesinAmericans’opinionsonnurseryeducationB.美國人對幼兒園教育的看法不同

C.theeffectsofeconomicgrowthonAmerican’habitsandcustomsC.經(jīng)濟增長對美國人生活習(xí)慣的影響

D.theprevailingtrendtowardsassimilationinAmericansocietyD.美國社會同化的流行趨勢

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位到第一段最后一句“社會學(xué)家DavidRiesman指出，在經(jīng)典的童謠《這只小豬去市場》中，每只豬都走自己的路；然而，今天所有的（all）小豬都去市場了，沒有一個待在家里；如果有的話，他們都（all）吃烤牛肉，都（all）說‘we-we’?！?，其中多次使用了all一詞，結(jié)合上文提到的同化傾向，社會學(xué)家大衛(wèi)?里斯曼的評論揭示了美國當今越來越盛行的同化趨勢。故該題選擇D項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“美國人飲食的變化”和B選項“美國人對幼兒園教育的看法不同”表述曲解原文；

C選項“經(jīng)濟增長對美國人生活習(xí)慣的影響”中的“生活習(xí)慣”太片面，以偏概全。

48.【選項釋義】

48.WhatYalepresidentsaidshowsthatcollegestudents______.48.耶魯大學(xué)校長所說的表明大學(xué)生______。

A.gaveupstrugglingforabetterfutureA.放棄了為美好的未來奮斗

B.werestrugglinghardforabetterfutureB.是在為一個更好的未來而奮斗

C.wereonlyinterestedinstudents’organizationsC.只對學(xué)生組織感興趣

D.werefavoredbyfateD.被命運所眷顧

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】首先定位到第二段最后一句關(guān)于耶魯大學(xué)校長所說的話“我注意到，你當時有同樣的主導(dǎo)情緒（prevailingmood），就你而言，這是在命運的條件下與命運私下達成的交易”，prevailingmood指的是上文“謹慎的學(xué)生為了尋求安全感而參與各種惡作劇”，其中提到了buttooklittleinterestinworldaffairs（但是對世界事務(wù)不感興趣）；綜合理解可知，耶魯大學(xué)校長說這一句話是表明大學(xué)生放棄了為美好未來生活的奮斗。故該題選擇A項。

【干擾項排除】

B選項“是在為一個更好的未來而奮斗”與原文相反，反向干擾；

C選項“只對學(xué)生組織感興趣”表述與原文不符，文中雖然提到學(xué)生會參加一些學(xué)生組織，但這是因為他們想要尋求安全感，而不是感興趣，該項曲解原文；

D選項“被命運所眷顧”沒有體現(xiàn)，無中生有。

49.【選項釋義】

49.Accordingtothethirdparagraph,largechurchattendanceseemstohavetodowithallofthefollowingexcept______.49.根據(jù)第三段，大量的出席教會似乎與下列事情有關(guān)，除了______。

A.Americans’keenerawarenessoftheimportanceoffamilylifeA.美國人更加意識到家庭生活的重要性

B.theever-growingattractionofreligionforAmericansB.宗教對美國人日益增長的吸引力

C.Americans’resolvetogivefullsupporttotheColdWarC.美國全力支持冷戰(zhàn)的決心

D.thegraveinternationalsituationofthetimeD.當時嚴峻的國際形勢

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題。

【解題思路】定位至文章第三段，第三句提到“在某種程度上，去教堂做禮拜反映了一種渴望，即在冷戰(zhàn)高峰時期挑戰(zhàn)‘無神論的共產(chǎn)主義’（challenge‘godlesscommunism’），并從核戰(zhàn)爭的威脅中尋求某種解脫”，從challenge“godlesscommunism”（挑戰(zhàn)“無神論的共產(chǎn)主義”）可以看出，當時美國參與教會部分原因是挑戰(zhàn)蘇聯(lián)的無神論共產(chǎn)主義，所以C項與原文相反。因此，該題選擇C項。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“美國人更加意識到家庭生活的重要性”定位第三段第四句“宗教似乎也加強了家庭生活的重要性（reinforcetheimportanceoffamilylife）”，可知該項與原文相符；

B選項“宗教對美國人日益增長的吸引力”定位第六句“此外，宗教變得越來越有吸引力（increasinglyappealing）”，可知該項與原文相符；

D選項“當時嚴峻的國際形勢”從第三句中“挑戰(zhàn)‘無神論共產(chǎn)主義’”和“從核戰(zhàn)爭的威脅中尋求某種解脫”可以看出，該項也正確。

50.【選項釋義】

50.Whichofthefollowingcanbeasuitabletitleforthepassage?50.下面哪個選項可以作為這篇文章的合適標題？

A.America:ADifferentSocietyfromthePast

A.美國：一個與過去不同的社會

B.SpreadofReligioninPostwarYears

B.戰(zhàn)后宗教的傳播

C.Religion:AnImportantAspectofAmericanLife

C.宗教：美國生活的一個重要方面

D.ConformityinAmericanSociety

D.美國社會的從眾性

【考查點】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】首先，看到首尾兩段核心句，首段第一句“隨著經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展，越來越多的同一性在美國社會盛行（anincreasingsenseofsameness）”，以及末段第一句“戰(zhàn)后，美國人發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種共同的宗教意識（asharedreligioussense），重返教堂的人數(shù)創(chuàng)下了紀錄”，可知文章主要講述的內(nèi)容是美國社會的同一性。然后，看到文章行文結(jié)構(gòu)是總分結(jié)構(gòu)，文章首先介紹美國社會同一性產(chǎn)生的歷史原因，然后從學(xué)校和宗教兩個方面來闡述同一性的表現(xiàn)。綜上所述可知，文章的關(guān)鍵詞是conformity，內(nèi)容就是美國社會的從眾性。故D項正確。

【干擾項排除】A選項“美國：一個與過去不同的社會”、B選項“戰(zhàn)后宗教的傳播”和C選項“宗教：美國生活的一個重要方面”均屬于以偏概全。

8.不定項選擇題

AsGilbertWhite,Darwin,andothersobservedlongago,allspeciesappeartohavetheinnatecapacitytoincreasetheirnumbersfromgenerationtogeneration.Thetaskforecologistsistountangletheenvironmentalandbiologicalfactorsthatholdthisintrinsiccapacityforpopulationgrowthincheckoverthelongrun.Thegreatvarietyofdynamicbehaviorsexhibitedbydifferentpopulationmakesthistaskmoredifficult:somepopulationsremainroughlyconstantfromyeartoyear;othersexhibitregularcyclesofabundanceandscarcity;stillothersvarywildly,withoutbreaksandcrashesthatareinsomecasesplainlycorrelatedwiththeweather,andinothercasesnot.

Toimposesomeorderonthiskaleidoscopeofpatterns,oneschoolofthoughtproposesdividingpopulationsintotwogroups.Theseecologistspositthattherelativelysteadypopulationshavedensity-dependentgrowthparameters;thatis,ratesofbirth,death,andmigrationwhichdependstronglyonpopulationdensity.Thehighlyvaryingpopulationshavedensity-independentgrowthparameters,withvitalratesbuffetedbyenvironmentalevents;theseratesfluctuateinawaythatiswhollyindependentofpopulationdensity.

Thisdichotomyhasitsuses,butitcancauseproblemsiftakentooliterally.Foronething,nopopulationcanbedrivenentirelybydensity-independentfactorsallthetime.Nomatterhowseverelyorunpredictablybirth,death,andmigrationratesmaybefluctuatingaroundtheirlong-termaverages,iftherewerenodensity-dependenteffects,thepopulationwould,inthelongrun,eitherincreaseordecreasewithoutbound(barringamiraclebywhichgainsandlossescanceledexactly).Putanotherway,itmaybethatonaverage99percentofalldeathsinapopulationarisefromdensity-independentcauses,andonlyonepercentfromfactorsvaryingwithdensity.Thefactorsmakinguptheonepercentmayseemunimportant,andtheircausemaybecorrespondinglyhardtodetermine.Yet,whetherrecognizedornot,theywillusuallydeterminethelong-termaveragepopulationdensity.

Inordertounderstandthenatureoftheecologist’sinvestigation,wemaythinkofthedensity-dependenteffectsongrowthparametersasthesignalecologistsaretryingtoisolateandinterpret,onethattendstomakethepopulationincreasefromrelativelylowvaluesordecreasefromrelativelyhighones,whilethedensity-independenteffectsacttoproducenoiseinthepopulationdynamics.Forpopulationsthatremainrelativelyconstant,orthatoscillatearoundrepeatedcycles,thesignalcanbefairlyeasilycharacterizedanditseffectsdescribed,eventhoughthecausativebiologicalmechanismmayremainunknown.Forirregularlyfluctuatingpopulations,wearelikelytohavetoofewobservationstohaveanyhopeofextractingthesignalfromtheoverwhelmingnoise.Butitnowseemsclearthatallpopulationsareregulatedbyamixtureofdensity-dependentanddensity-independenteffectsinvaryingproportions.

1.Theauthorofthetextisprimarilyconcernedwith______.

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthattheauthorconsidersthedichotomydiscussedtobe______.

3.Accordingtothetext,allofthefollowingbehaviorshavebeenexhibitedbydifferentpopulationsEXCEPT______.

4.Thediscussionconcerningpopulationinthethirdparagraphservesprimarilyto______.

5.Inthetext,theauthordoesallofthefollowingEXCEPT______.

問題1選項

A.discussingtwocategoriesoffactorsthatcontrolpopulationgrowthandassessingtheirrelativeimportance

B.describinghowgrowthratesinnaturalpopulationsfluctuateovertimeandexplainingwhythesechangesoccur

C.proposingahypothesisconcerningpopulationsizeandsuggestingwaystotestit

D.posingafundamentalquestionaboutenvironmentalfactorsinpopulationgrowthandpresentingsomecurrentlyacceptedanswer

問題2選項

A.applicableonlytoerraticallyfluctuatingpopulations

B.instrumental,butonlyifitslimitationsarerecognized

C.dangerouslymisleadinginmostcircumstances

D.acompleteandsufficientwaytoaccountforobservedphenomena

問題3選項

A.roughlyconstantpopulationlevelsfromyeartoyear

B.regularcyclesofincreasesanddecreasesinnumbers

C.erraticincreasesinnumberscorrelatedwiththeweather

D.uncheckedincreasesinnumbersovermanygenerations

問題4選項

A.demonstratethedifficultiesecologistsfaceinstudyingdensity-dependentfactorslimitingpopulationgrowth

B.advocatemorerigorousstudyofdensity-dependentfactorsinpopulationgrowth

C.provethatthedeathratesofanypopulationareneverentirelydensity-independent

D.underlinetheimportanceofevensmalldensity-dependentfactorsinregulatinglong-termpopulationdensities/r