考研考博-英語-和田職業(yè)技術(shù)學院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇1

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-和田職業(yè)技術(shù)學院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓練(共50題)1.單選題

Asyouallknow,theUnitedStatesisacountryonwheels.Nearlyeightmillionnewcarsaremadeeachyear,fourhouseholdsoutoffiveownatleastonecar,andmorethanaquarterhavetwoeach.Yetyou’llbesurprisedtolearnthatsomeofthecar-ownersevensufferfrommalnutrition.

In1968,anation-widesurveyofmalnutritionwasmadeforthefirsttime.Itfoundthat10millionpeoplearesufferinginhealththroughinadequatefeeding;thecausesoftheirplightwerevaried.Unemploymentoveralongperiodshouldbeconsideredasthemainfactor.Andunemployment,strangetosay,ninetimesoutoftenresultsfromautomation,bothinindustrialandagriculturalareas.Forexample,intheruralSouthwhenacottonplantationsuddenlycutsitsforcefrom100peopletothree,theproblemtohelpthedisplacedarises.Soisthecasewithindustrialautomation.Infact,probably2millionjobsaremadeunnecessaryeachyearinthewholecountryasaresultoftheautomationprocess,thusmakingunemploymentachiefsocialconcern.Accordingtogovernmentstatistics,thenumberofpeopleunemployedwasover5percentfortheperiodfrom1958to1963.InJuly1981,itroseto7.8percent.Asamatteroffact,ithaslongbeenknownthatevenduringthemostprosperousperiodstherehavebeenpeoplewithoutenoughtoeat.SoIthinkthat’swhyPresidentKennedysaidinhisinaugurationspeechin1961,ifthegovernmentdidnothelpthepoor,itcouldnorsavetherich.

In1966,theSocialSecurityAdministrationcalculatedthatafamilyoffourneededanincomeof$3,355ayeartobeabovethelineofpoverty.Andin1977,theaveragepovertylineofthecountrywasslightlymorethan$6,200annualincomeforanon-farmfamilyoffour.AccordingtotheSocialSecurityAct,familiesofthatsizebelowpovertylineareeligibletoreceivebenefitsfromthespecialwelfareprogram.Theaverageweeklypaymentofbenefitsnowisequivalentto36percentoftheworker’snormalwage.Andthenumberofpeoplewhoreceivegovernmentbenefitsisincreasing.In1973,socialinsurancepaymentsbygovernments,mainlytooldagepensionersandpeoplewhohadlosttheirjobsorwereoffworkthroughillness,amountedto$86,000million.Thosenotfullyqualifiedforinsurancepaymentsreceived$29,000millioninpublicaid.

Butproblemsstillexist.Manypeoplearenotreachedbytheanti-povertyprogram,becauselocalauthoritiesandagenciesdonotwanttoplaytheirpartordonotgavetheresourcestodoso.Somepoorpeoplewillnotaccepthelpforvariousreasons.Ofcourse,therearesomemoreimportantfactorswhichlieinthestrictureofthesociety,butIdon’tconsideritnecessarytodigintothemhere.Yetwewillperhapsagreethatsocialwelfareprogramshavesolvedtosomeextenttheproblemsoffeeding,clothingandhousingthosebelowthepovertyline.Onthewhole,itperhapsmightbesaidthatAmericanpeoplearelivingabetterlifethanpeopleinmostothercountries.

1.TheUnitedStatesiscalledacountryonwheelsbecause（

）.

2.Accordingtoa1968survey,tenmillionAmericansfoundthemselvesinadifficulthealthsituationchieflydueto（

）

3.Theauthoruses“thedisplaced”(Line5,Para.2)torefertothosewhoare（

）.

4.Theword“eligible”(Line4,Para.3)issynonymouswith“（

）

5.Americansarelivingabetterlifethanthoseinmostofothercountriesbecause,tosomedegree（

）.

問題1選項

A.aboutone-fourthAmericansowntwocars

B.abitoveroneoutoffourhouseholdsaretheownersoftwocars

C.nearly8millionnewcarsdriveinthecountryeveryyear

D.80%Americanshaveatleastonecar

問題2選項

A.inadequatefeeding

B.malnutrition

C.unemployment

D.automation

問題3選項

A.unemployed

B.disabled

C.sick

D.poor

問題4選項

A.necessary

B.urgent

C.needed

D.worthy

問題5選項

A.manyAmericansreceivebenefitsfromthespecialwelfareprogram

B.somepoorpeoplecanreceivehelpforsomereasonorother

C.thereistheanti-povertyprogramintheU.S.

D.socialwelfareprogramshavesomemeasuretosettletheproblemsofthosebelowthepovertyline.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.文章第一段第二句Nearlyeightmillionnewcarsaremadeeachyear,fourhouseholdsoutoffiveownatleastonecar,andmorethanaquarterhavetwoeach解釋了為什么美國被稱為“車輪上的國家”，80%的家庭擁有至少一輛車，超過25%的家庭擁有兩輛車。選項B符合題意。

2.文章第二段第三句Unemploymentoveralongperiodshouldbeconsideredasthemainfactor提到造成營養(yǎng)不調(diào)的主要原因是失業(yè)。選項C符合題意。

3.文章第二段提出長期失業(yè)是造成一些人營養(yǎng)不良的原因，比如在南方農(nóng)村當一個棉花種植園突然將自己的雇傭工人從100人降到3人，那么就意味著有97人失業(yè)（“Forexample,intheruralSouthwhenacottonplantationsuddenlycutsitsforcefrom100peopletothree,theproblemtohelpthedisplacedarises”）由此可以推斷thedisplaced在這里有“失業(yè)人員”的意思。選項A符合題意。

4.文章第三段提及了美國的平均貧困線，然后提到只有年收入在貧困線以下才有資格領(lǐng)取政府的福利補助：accordingtotheSocialSecurityAct,familiesofthatsizebelowpovertylineareeligibletoreceivebenefitsfromthespecialwelfareprogram,由此推測eligible的意思是“有資格的”。選項D符合題意。

5.文章最后一段提到美國的福利政策在一定程度上解決了貧困線以下那些人的衣食住的問題，這相比多數(shù)其他國家的人要過得好。選項D符合題意。

2.單選題

Abalanceofinternationalpaymentreferstothenetresultofthebusinesswhichanation（

）withothernationsinagivenperiod.

問題1選項

A.transact

B.tempts

C.thrives

D.transforms

【答案】A

【解析】句意:國際收支平衡是指在一定時期內(nèi)一個國家與其他國家貿(mào)易的凈收益。

固定搭配。transactbusinesswith與…交易。

3.單選題

Elaine,Justin’smom,hadsetdownthehouseruleswithself-confidentassurance.Onlythemostobtusepersonwouldhavefailedtounderstand:notattoos,nobodypiercingsandnoco-edsleepoverswhilelivinginthehouseofElaineTuckerBrown.Still,thedayJustinturned18,heliedtohismotheraboutwherehewasgoingandheadedstraighttothetattooparlor,asifimpervioustohismother’swrath.Hegotalightblueheart,thesizeofanorangepermanentlyetchedonhisarm.Abovethisworkofartwastheword“Blessed”.No,Justinwasnotstupid,buthewasobstinate.Elainesawthisasanactofsheerdefiance.Shewasincensed,herangerexacerbatedbythefactthatJustinhadbreezedintothehouse,foundherinthekitchen,takenoffhisshirtwithasmileandsaid,“Gotit!”“No,Justin.Letmetellwhatyou'vegot,”Elainesaidangrily.“You'vegotfiveminutestogoupstairsandpackabag.IamtakingyoutoPop-Pop's.”TheridetoPop-Pop’shousewaschilly,tosaytheleast.ElaineberatedJustinforeverythingshecouldthinkof,whichwasn’tmuchbecausehewasastraightAseniorwithafullacademicscholarshiptohistopcollegepick.Hehadakindheartandstartedafoundationintheninthgrade,whichdonatedusedsportingequipmenttounderprivilegedkidsinSouthAfrica.Elainepulleduptoherfather’sdoorandorderedJustinout.Not10minuteslater,hercellphonerang.“Elaine,haveyoulostit?Youarekickingaboyasgoodashimoutthehouseforatattoo-thatsays‘Blessed’,noless?”herfatherasked,incredulous.“Youwillmisshimsomuch.Don’tcutoffyournosetospiteface,Elaine.Comepickthisyoungmanup.”Elaine,havinggrownupobeyingmostofherparents’demands,turnedhercararoundandwentbacktopickupherson.Justinwassurprisinglycontrite.“Sorryforbeingsodisrespectful,Mom,”hesaidearnestly.“Iwilltrytofollowhouserulesfromnowon.”

1.Whattitlewouldbestfitthispassage?

2.WhatwasJustin’sattitudewhenheshowedhismotherthetattoo?

3.WhichofthefollowingdetailsdoesnotmakethereadersympathetictoJustin?

4.Whichofthefollowingisthebestinterpretationoftheunderlinedidiomintheparagraph?

問題1選項

A.“HouseRules”

B.“VisitingPop-Pop”

C.“StraightA’s”

D.“BodyPiercings”

問題2選項

A.cautiouslyjubilant

B.willfullydefiant

C.convincinglycontrite

D.noticeablymelodramatic

問題3選項

A.Heisdescribedasobstinate.

B.Heisportrayedaskind-hearted.

C.HeisdescribedasastraightAstudent.

D.Heisdescribedasreceivingafullscholarshiptocollege.

問題4選項

A.Callingsomethingbadthatisnot.

B.Tryingtoteachsomethingtoodifficult.

C.Lovingapersonlessforwhathehasdone.

D.Pursuingrevengeandhurtingyourselfintheprocess.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

【解析】第1題:1.【選項釋義】

1.Whattitlewouldbestfitthispassage?1.什么標題最適合這篇文章？

A.“HouseRules”A.“家規(guī)”

B.“VisitingPop-Pop”B.“拜訪爺爺”

C.“StraightA’s”C.“優(yōu)等生”

D.“BodyPiercings”D.“身體穿刺”

【考查點】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)文章首尾兩句“賈斯汀的媽媽伊萊恩自信滿滿地定下了家里的規(guī)矩”，以及“從現(xiàn)在開始，我會盡量遵守家里的規(guī)矩”，可以知道，首尾兩句都提到了houserules（家規(guī)）這個詞語，可見本文主要是圍繞家規(guī)展開的。故該題選擇A項正確。

【干擾項排除】B項“‘拜訪爺爺’”、C項“‘優(yōu)等生’”和D項“‘身體穿刺’”都是文中的細節(jié)，不是主旨，屬于以偏概全。

第2題:2.【選項釋義】

2.WhatwasJustin’sattitudewhenheshowedhismotherthetattoo?2.當賈斯汀給他媽媽看紋身時，他是什么態(tài)度？

A.cautiouslyjubilantA.謹慎地高興

B.willfullydefiantB.故意挑釁

C.convincinglycontriteC.令人信服地懺悔

D.noticeablymelodramaticD.引人注目地夸張

【考查點】觀點態(tài)度題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位至文章第六、七、八句“不，賈斯汀不笨，但他很固執(zhí)（obstinate）。伊萊恩認為這是公然的挑釁（anactofsheerdefiance）。她被激怒了，賈斯汀輕快地走進房子（Justinhadbreezedintothehouse），發(fā)現(xiàn)她在廚房里，他脫下了襯衫，微笑著（withasmile）說，‘知道了！’”，由Justinhadbreezedintothehouse（賈斯汀輕快地走進房子）和withasmile（帶著微笑）可以看出，賈斯汀的態(tài)度是任性固執(zhí)又帶有挑釁的，B項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A項“謹慎地高興”和D項“引人注目地夸張”根據(jù)解題思路可知，該兩項不符合原文，屬于曲解原文；

C項“令人信服地懺悔”，是賈斯汀去了爺爺家之后的態(tài)度，不復合題干，屬于張冠李戴。

第3題:3.【選項釋義】

3.WhichofthefollowingdetailsdoesnotmakethereadersympathetictoJustin?3.以下哪一個細節(jié)不能讓讀者同情賈斯汀？

A.Heisdescribedasobstinate.A.他被描述為固執(zhí)。

B.Heisportrayedaskind-hearted.B.他被描繪成一個善良的人。

C.HeisdescribedasastraightAstudent.C.他被描述成一個優(yōu)等生。

D.Heisdescribedasreceivingafullscholarshiptocollege.D.他獲得了大學全額獎學金。

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)原文可知，賈斯汀是一個心地善良的人，每門學科都拿A，獲得了全額獎學金，這些都是他的優(yōu)點，能夠引起讀者的同情，但他固執(zhí)這一點，無法引起讀者的同情，所以本題選A項“他被描述為固執(zhí)”符合題意。

【干擾項排除】B項“他被描繪成一個善良的人”、C項“他被描述成一個優(yōu)等生”和D項“他獲得了大學全額獎學金”，根據(jù)解題思路可知，這三項都是讓讀者同情的地方，屬于反向干擾。

第4題:4.【選項釋義】

4.Whichofthefollowingisthebestinterpretationoftheunderlinedidiomintheparagraph?4.下面哪一項是對段落中劃線習語的最佳詮釋？

A.Callingsomethingbadthatisnot.A.說一些并不壞的事情。

B.Tryingtoteachsomethingtoodifficult.B.試圖教一些太難的東西。

C.Lovingapersonlessforwhathehasdone.C.愛一個人不是因為他所做的事。

D.Pursuingrevengeandhurtingyourselfintheprocess.D.在報復的過程中傷害了自己。

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位到劃線句子所在處，即文章倒數(shù)第五句“不要割下自己的鼻子來和臉過不去（Don’tcutoffyournosetospiteface）”，結(jié)合上下文語境：賈斯汀因為紋身惹惱了媽媽，媽媽生氣地把車開到爺爺家，將賈斯汀趕下車自己走了。爺爺打來電話告訴賈斯汀的媽媽：這么優(yōu)秀的孩子，你會十分想念他的。由此可以推斷，劃線句意為不要為了報復反而傷害了自己。選項D符合原文。

【干擾項排除】A項“說一些并不壞的事情”、B項“試圖教一些太難的東西”和C項“愛一個人不是因為他所做的事”根據(jù)解題思路可知，屬于曲解原文。

4.單選題

AfterscrutinizingtheSternHitlerDiaries,handwritingexpertsproclaimedthemtobeforgeries.

問題1選項

A.examining

B.judging

C.protracting

D.detecting

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：通過……《希特勒日記》，字跡專家宣布這些日記是偽造的。examine“（仔細地）檢查”；judge“判斷”；protract“延長；繪制”；detect“發(fā)現(xiàn)，察覺”。字跡專家只有通過認真檢查才能知曉這個日記是偽造的，因此可知劃線單詞scrutinize的意思是“詳細檢查”，選項A符合題意。

5.單選題

Suddenlythedailyfearanduncertainty（）intofull-scaleterror,andtheshipechoedwithscreams.

問題1選項

A.evaporated

B.escalated

C.evacuated

D.exaggerated

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。evaporate“蒸發(fā)，使脫水”；escalate“升級”；evacuate”疏散，撤出”；exaggerate“夸張，夸大”。句意：突然，平時的恐懼和不確定性升級為徹底的恐懼，船上回響著尖叫聲。選項B符合題意。

6.單選題

Itissaidinsomepartsoftheworld,goats,ratherthancows,serveasavital（

）ofmilk.

問題1選項

A.storage

B.source

C.reserve

D.resource

【答案】B

【解析】句意:據(jù)說，在世界上某些地方，牛奶的重要來源是山羊，而不是奶牛。

名詞辨析。Storage存儲，倉庫;source來源;reserve儲備，儲存;resource資源，財力。因此B符合句意。

7.單選題

Ihopeyoudon’tthinkI’m（）butI’vehadtheelectricfireonformostoftheday.

問題1選項

A.exquisite

B.extravagant

C.exotic

D.eccentric

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項exquisite“精致的”；B選項extravagant“浪費的”；C選項exotic“異國的”；D選項eccentric“古怪的”。句意：我?guī)缀跻徽於奸_著電爐，希望你不會覺得我浪費。本句表示開一天電爐很浪費，因此B選項正確。

8.單選題

Hisshirtfactoryisgrowingsofastthathemust（

）moreworkers.

問題1選項

A.takeon

B.takeup

C.takeout

D.takeover

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。takeon意為“承擔，接受，雇用”；takeup意為“開始從事”；takeout意為“取出，除去”；takeover意為“接收，接管”。

句意：他的襯衫工廠發(fā)展很快，以至于他必須雇傭更多的工人。

9.單選題

By1817theUnitedStatesConfesshad_______allinternaltaxesandwasrelyingontariffsonimportedgoodstoprovidesufficientrevenuestorunthegovernment.

問題1選項

A.allocated

B.distributed

C.eliminated

D.collected

【答案】C

【解析】allocated分配;distributed分發(fā);eliminated忽略,除去;collected收集。句意：到1817年,美國承認取消了所有的國內(nèi)稅收,運行政府依靠進口商品的關(guān)稅來提供足夠的收入。選項C符合句意。

10.單選題

Thefactthattheearth’ssurfaceheats_______providesaconvenientwaytodivideitintotemperatureregion.

問題1選項

A.infrequently

B.irregularly

C.unsteadily

D.unevenly

【答案】D

【解析】副詞詞義解析。infrequently“很少發(fā)生地”；irregularly“不規(guī)則地”；unsteadily“不穩(wěn)定地”；unevenly“不均衡地”。句意：事實就是地球表面加熱不均衡提供了一種將其劃分成多個溫度區(qū)域的簡便方法。選項D符合題意。

11.單選題

Questions9to12arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項

A.Theyareonthevergeofextinctionbecauseofpollution.

B.Theycarryplantseedsandspreadthemtofarawayplaces.

C.Theydeliverpollutantsfromtheoceantotheirnestingsites.

D.Theycanbeusedtodelivermessagesintimesofemergency.

問題2選項

A.TheyoriginatefromDevonIslandintheArcticarea.

B.TheymigratetotheArcticCircleduringthesummer.

C.Theyhavetheabilitytosurviveinextremeweathers.

D.Theytravelasfaras400kilometersinsearchoffood.

問題3選項

A.Theyhadbecomemorepoisonous.

B.Theywerecarriedbythewind.

C.Theypoisonedsomeofthefulmars.

D.Theywerelessthanonthecontinent.

問題4選項

A.TheeffectsofthechangingclimateonArcticseabirds.

B.TheharmArcticseabirdsmaycausetohumans.

C.ThediminishingcoloniesforArcticseabirds.

D.ThethreatshumansposetoArcticseabirds.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:B

【解析】PassageOne

Birdsarefamousforcarryingthingsaround.Some,likehomingpigeons,canbetrainedtodelivermessagesandpackages.Otherbirdsunknowinglycarryseedsthatclingtothemfortheride.

Canadianscientistshavefoundaworrisome,newexampleofthepowerthatbirdshavetospreadstuffaround.WayupnorthintheCanadianArctic,[9]seabirdsarepickingupdangerouschemicalsintheoceananddeliveringthemtopondsnearwherethebirdslive.

Some10,000pairsofthebirds,calledfulmars,akindofArcticseabirds,maketheirnestsonDevonIsland,northoftheArcticCircle.[10]Thefulmarstravelsome400kilometersovertheseatofindfood.Whentheyreturnhome,theirdroppingsendupallaroundtheirnestingsites,includinginnearbyponds.

[11]Previously,scientistsnoticedpollutantsarrivingintheArcticwiththewind.Salmonalsocarrydangerouschemicals,asthefishmigratebetweenriversandthesea.Thebodiesoffishandothermeat-eaterscanbuilduphighlevelsofthechemicals.

Totestthepollutingpoweroffulmars,researcherscollectedsamplesofdepositsfrom11pondsonDevonIsland.Inpondsclosesttothecolony,theresultsshowedthattherewerefarmorepollutantsthaninpondslessaffectedbythebirds.

Thepollutantsinthepondsappeartocomefromfishthatfulmarseatwhenthey’reoutontheocean.

[12]Peoplewholive,hunt,orfishnearbirdcoloniesneedtobecareful,theresearcherssay.Thebirdsdon’tmeantocauseharm,butthechemicalstheycarrycancausemajorproblems.

9.WhathaveCanadianscientistsfoundaboutsomeseabirds?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問關(guān)于海鳥，加拿大科學家們有什么發(fā)現(xiàn)？錄音開頭提到，加拿大的科學家發(fā)現(xiàn)海鳥能傳播污染物：在加拿大北部的北極地區(qū)，海鳥從海洋中叼走危險的化學品，并運送到其棲息地附近的池塘里。C選項“它們把海洋里污染物運送到它們筑巢的地方”是對錄音原文的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，因此正確。A選項“污染導致它們?yōu)l臨滅絕”錄音中并沒有提及；B選項“它們攜帶植物種子，并把種子傳播到遙遠的地方”這一信息雖然在錄音中有所提及，但并不是加拿大科學家們的發(fā)現(xiàn)，因此排除；D選項“在緊急情況下，它們會傳遞信息”，錄音中說的這種鳥類是信鴿，而不是海鳥，因此不正確。

10.Whatdoesthespeakersayabouttheseabirdscalledfulmars?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問關(guān)于管鼻藿這種海鳥，說話人說了什么？錄音提到，有一種生活在北極的海鳥，名叫管鼻藿（fulmar）。大約有一萬多對管鼻藿在北極圈以北的德文島筑巢。它們會飛行約400公里，穿越海洋尋找食物。D選項“它們飛行400公里尋找食物”與錄音原文表述相符，因此正確。A選項“它們起源于北極地區(qū)的德文島”，錄音只是提及管鼻藿在北極圈以北的德文島筑巢，并沒有表明它們是起源于德文島，因此不正確；B選項“它們在夏季遷徙到北極圈”和C選項“它們能在極端天氣條件下生存”在錄音中均沒有信息提及，因此排除。

11.WhatdidscientistspreviouslynoticeaboutpollutantsintheArctic?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問科學家以前在北極發(fā)現(xiàn)的污染物是什么？錄音提到，早前，科學家發(fā)現(xiàn)這些污染物是被風吹到北極地區(qū)的。B選項中的werecarriedbythewind是錄音中arriving…withthewind的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。因此B選項“它們是被風吹來的”正確。A選項“它們毒性越來越大”；C選項“它們毒害了一些管鼻藿”和D選項“它們沒有像大陸上殘留的那么多”在錄音中均沒有相關(guān)信息提及，因此排除。

12.Whatdoesthespeakerwarnaboutattheendofthetalk?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問說話者在演講結(jié)束時警告了什么？錄音最后提到，研究人員認為，在鳥類棲息地附近生活、狩獵或捕魚的人們需要提高警惕。這些鳥類本身不會造成危害，但它們攜帶的化學物質(zhì)則會引起重大問題。由此可知，此處的“重大問題”應(yīng)是指會對人類造成危害的問題，因此B選項“北極海鳥可能對人類造成危害”正確。A選項“氣候變化對北極海鳥的影響”；C選項“北極海鳥棲息地的減少”和D選項“人類對北極海鳥構(gòu)成的威脅”在錄音中均沒有信息提及，因此排除。

12.單選題

Theconsolidationofthecrumblingwallsandtowershasbeencarriedoutin（）withaprogramagreedwithbytheDepartmentoftheEnvironment.

問題1選項

A.case

B.accordance

C.place

D.charge

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。inaccordancewith為固定搭配，表示“依照，與...一致”。

13.不定項選擇題

Beforeabigexam,asoundnight’ssleepwilldoyoubetterthanporingovertextbooks.That,atleast,isthefolkwisdom.Andscience,intheformofbehavioralpsychology,supportsthatwisdom.Butsuchbehavioralstudiescannotdistinguishbetweentwocompetingtheoriesofwhysleepisgoodforthememory.Onesaysthatsleepiswhenpermanentmemoriesform.Theothersaysthattheyareactuallyformedduringtheday,butthen“edited”atnight,toflushawaywhatissuperfluous.

Totellthedifference,itisnecessarytolookintothebrainofasleepingperson,andthatishard.Butafteradecadeofpainstakingwork,ateamledbyPierreMaquetatLiegeUniversityinBelgiumhasmanagedtodoit.TheparticularstageofsleepinwhichtheBelgiangroupisinterestedisrapideyemovement(REM)sleep,whenbrainandbodyareactive,heartrateandbloodpressureincrease,theeyesmovebackandforthbehindtheeyelidsasifwatchingamovie,andbrainwavetracesresemblethoseofwakefulness.Itisduringthisperiodofsleepthatpeoplearemostlikelytoreliveeventsofthepreviousdayindreams.

Dr.MaquetusedanelectronicdevicecalledPETtostudythebrainsofpeopleastheypracticedataskduringtheday,andastheysleptduringthefollowingnight.Thetaskrequiredthemtopressabuttonasfastaspossible,inresponsetoalightcomingoninoneofsixpositions.Astheylearnthowtodothis,theirresponsetimesgotfaster.Whattheydidnotknowwasthattheappearanceofthelightssometimesfollowedapattern-whatisreferredtoas“artificialgrammar”.Yetthereductionsinresponsetimeshowedthattheylearntfasterwhenthepatternwaspresentthanwhentherewasnot.

Whatismore,thosewithmoretolearn(i.e.,the“grammar”,aswellasthemechanicaltaskofpushingthebutton)havemoreactivebrains.The“editing”theorywouldnotpredictthat,sincethenumberofirrelevantstimuliwouldbethesameineachcase.Andtoeliminateanydoubtsthattheexperimentalsubjectswerelearningasopposedtounlearning,theirresponsetimeswhentheywokeupwereevenquickerthanwhentheywenttosleep.

Theteam,therefore,concludedthatthenerveconnectionsinvolvedinmemoryarereinforcedthroughreactivationduringREMsleep,particularlyifthebraindetectsaninherentstructureinthematerialbeinglearnt.Sonow,ontheeveofthatcrucialtest,mathsstudentscansleepsoundlyintheknowledgethatwhattheywillrememberthenextdayarethebasicrulesofalgebraandnottheincoherenttalkfromtheradionextdoor.

6.Researchersinbehavioralpsychologyaredividedwithregardto（）.

7.Asmanifestedintheexperimentalstudy,rapideyemovementischaracterizedby（）.

8.Byreferringtotheartificialgrammar,theauthorintendstoshow（）.

9.Intheirstudy,researchersledbyPierreMaquettookadvantageofthetechniqueof（）.

10.WhatadvicemightMaquetgivetothosewhohaveacrucialtestthenextday?

問題1選項

A.howdreamsaremodifiedintheircourses

B.thedifferencebetweensleepandwakefulness

C.whysleepisofgreatbenefittomemory

D.thefunctionsofagoodnight’ssleep

問題2選項

A.intenselyactivebrainwavetraces

B.subjects’quickerresponsetimes

C.complicatedmemorypatterns

D.revivalofeventsinthepreviousday

問題3選項

A.itssignificanceinthestudy

B.aninherentpatternbeinglearnt

C.itsresemblancetothelights

D.theimportanceofanight’ssleep

問題4選項

A.exposingalong-heldfolkwisdom

B.clarifyingthepredictionsondreams

C.makingcontrastsandcomparisons

D.correlatingeffectswiththeircauses

問題5選項

A.Memorizinggrammarwithgreatefforts.

B.Studytextbookswithcloseattention.

C.Havetheirbrainimagesrecorded.

D.Enjoytheirsleepatnightsoundly.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】6.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。文中第一段Butsuchbehavioralstudiescannotdistinguishbetweentwocompetingtheoriesofwhysleepisgoodforthememory.（但是這樣的行為研究并不能區(qū)分為什么睡眠對記憶力有好處的兩種相互矛盾的理論），所以他們對為什么睡眠對記憶力有好處持有不同的觀點，故應(yīng)選C選項“為什么睡眠對記憶力很有好處”。A選項“夢是如何在課程中被修改的”，不符合題意，可排除。B選項“睡眠和清醒的區(qū)別”，不符合題意，可排除。D選項“一個好覺的作用”，過于片面，可排除。因此C選項正確。

7.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。第二段中指出“…whenbrainandbodyareactive”，大腦積極運轉(zhuǎn)是眼珠快速轉(zhuǎn)動的主要特征，且在第三、四段又再次說明。選項B“被研究者更快的反應(yīng)速度”，選項C“復雜的記憶模式”和選項D“前一天事件的重現(xiàn)”都不是眼球快速運動的主要特征。故應(yīng)選A“強烈活躍的腦電波痕跡”。因此A選項正確。

8.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。原文的第三段最后Whattheydidnotknow…followedapattern-whatisreferredtoas“artificialgrammar”.Yetthereductionsinresponsetimeshowedthat…說明了這種內(nèi)在模式，也就是“artificialgrantor”對于記憶的重要性。因此A選項正確。

9.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。這個題考查的是對后面幾段的歸納。首先在第三段開始Dr.MaquetusedanelectronicdevicecalledPET…theypracticedataskduringtheday,andastheysleptduringthefollowingnight.這是一種對比性的研究方法。后來的第四段最后…theirresponsetimeswhentheywokeupwereevenquickerthanwhentheywenttosleep也采用了對比的分析研究，故應(yīng)選C“對比與比較”。因此C選項正確。

10.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。這是一個通篇的中心歸納的考查題。文章一開始就指出Beforeabigexam,asoundnight’ssleepwilldoyoubetterthanporingovertextbooks.意思是在晚上好好的睡覺對記憶是有好處的。最后作者又歸納了研究的結(jié)果，“…concludedthatthenerveconnectionsinvolvedinmemoryarereinforcedthroughreactivationduringREMsleep…”也說明結(jié)構(gòu)性知識在REM睡眠中是可以鞏固的。故應(yīng)選D。

14.單選題

Whennomadicpeoplescouldnotfindenoughfoodtoeatintheirruggedhomelands,theyraidedthevillagepeoplesfortheircrops.

問題1選項

A.attacked

B.compelled

C.deprived

D.pleaded

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.attacked襲擊，攻擊B.compelled強迫，迫使，使必須

C.deprived剝奪，使喪失，使不能享有D.pleaded乞求，懇求

【答案】A

【考查點】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】raided的意思為“突然襲擊；劫掠，打劫”，和thevillagepeoples構(gòu)成動賓搭配關(guān)系，指的是游牧民族沒有東西吃的時候就會襲擊村民，搶奪食物，attacked與之詞義相近，因此A選項正確。

【干擾項排除】B、C、D選項詞義與之不符。

【句意】當游牧民族在他們崎嶇的家園里找不到足夠的食物吃的時候，他們就會襲擊村民，搶奪農(nóng)作物。

15.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationonANSWERSHEET.

EnergyMinisterCharlesHendryannouncedlastweekthatconvertingtheplutonium(钚)toMOX(mixed-oxidefuel)wasstilltheplan,butanew￡3billion(US$4.7billion)plantwouldonlybebuiltifitcouldbeshownthatitwasbothaffordableandofferedvalueformoney.Althoughatfirstglancethismayseemfiscallyprudent,whentakenwithotherrecenteventsitstartstolooknonsensical.JustafewweeksagotheNDA(theNuclearDecommissioningAuthority),respondingtothegovernment’sownrequesttoconsiderhowtodealwiththestockpile,advisedthatthecostofmakingMOXisgreaterthanitsvalueasafuel.Andtherefore,themostcost-effectiveplanwouldbetocontinuestoringtheplutoniumuntilageologicaldisposalfacilitybecomesavailableforittobeburiedunderground.Sowhat’sgoingon?Tomakesenseofitall,NaturepeersthroughthelookingglassoftheBritishnuclearindustry.

【答案】能源部長查爾斯?亨得利上周宣布，將钚轉(zhuǎn)化為MOX（混合氧化物燃料）仍然在計劃中，但是只有在能負擔得起和有收益的情況下，才會建造