考研考博-英語-新鄉(xiāng)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-新鄉(xiāng)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Wantingto（）muchandworkingharderthaneverdonotleavemuchroomforrelationships.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.preoccupy

B.feast

C.accomplish

D.predominate

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。preoccupy“使全神貫注”；feast“赴宴”；accomplish“完成”；predominate“支配，主宰”。句意：想要占主導(dǎo)地位，就要比以往任何時(shí)候都更努力地工作，不要給人際關(guān)系留下太多時(shí)間。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.

1996年，世界上海拔最高的現(xiàn)代化的、多功能的大型圖書館西藏自治區(qū)圖書館建成開館。

她不想被別人看成賣弄才學(xué)的女子。

競爭確有好處，它能逼你去創(chuàng)造、去革新。

中國不尋求霸權(quán)或支配世界事務(wù)，而是倡導(dǎo)建立國際政治經(jīng)濟(jì)新秩序。

維護(hù)祖國統(tǒng)一事關(guān)中華民族的根本利益，中國人民將義無反顧的捍衛(wèi)國家主權(quán)和領(lǐng)土完整，絕不允許任何人以任何方式把臺灣從中國分裂出去。

【答案】In1996,thelarge,modemandmulti-functionalTibetAutonomousRegionLibrary,theworld’shighestinaltitude,wascompletedandopenedtothepublic.

Shedidnotwanttobelookeduponasabluestocking.

Competitionisagoodthingforcingyoutobecreativeandinnovative.

Chinadoesnotseekhegemonyorpredominanceinworldaffairsbuttoadvocateanewinternationalpoliticalandeconomicorder.

TosafeguardnationalunitybearsonthefundamentalinterestsoftheChinesenation.WeChinesepeoplewillsafeguardourstatesovereigntyandterritorialintegritywithresolve,neverallowinganyonetoseparateTaiwanfromChinainanyway.

3.單選題

Ifinnovatorsarenotfinanciallyrewardedfortheirinnovations,theincentiveforpath-breakinginnovationwilleventuallydryup.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.investment

B.resource

C.inspiration

D.stimulus

【答案】D

【解析】名詞辨析。句意:如果創(chuàng)新者不能從改革創(chuàng)新中獲取經(jīng)濟(jì)回報(bào)，那么他們的創(chuàng)新最終就會減弱。investment:投資，投入;resource:資源，財(cái)力;inspiration:靈感，鼓舞;stimulus刺激。incentive:動(dòng)機(jī)，刺激。故選D。

4.單選題

WallStreetinaconceptualsenserepresentsfinancialandeconomicpower.ToAmericans,itcansometimesrepresentelitismandpowerpolitics,anditsrolehasbeenasourceofcontroversythroughoutthenation’shistory,particularlybeginningaroundtheGildedAgeperiodinthelate19thcentury.WallStreetbecamethesymbolofacountryandeconomicsystemthatmanyAmericanssawashavingdevelopedthroughtrade,capitalism,andinnovation.

WallStreethasbecomesynonymouswithfinancialinterests,oftenusednegatively.Duringthemortgagemessfrom2007一2010,WallStreetfinancingwasblamedasoneofthecauses,althoughmostcommentatorsblameaninterplayoffactors.TheU.S.governmentwiththeTroubledAssetReliefProgrambailedoutthebanksandfinancialbackerswithbillionsoftaxpayerdollars,butthebailoutwasoftencriticizedaspoliticallymotivated,andwascriticizedbyjournalistsaswellasthepublic.OnewriterintheHuffingtonPostlookedatFBIstatisticsonrobbery,fraud,andcrimeandconcludedthatWallStreetwasthe“mostdangerousneighborhoodintheUnitedStates”ifonefactoredinthe$50billionfraudperpetratedbyBernieMadoff.ManycomplainedthattheresultingSarbanes-Oxleylegislationdampenedthebusinessclimate.InterestgroupsseekingfavorwithWashingtonlawmakers,suchascardealers,haveoftensoughttoportraytheirinterestsasalliedwithMainStreetratherthanWallStreet.WhentheUnitedStatesTreasurybailedoutlargefinancialfirms,toostensiblyhaltadownwardspiralinthenation’seconomy,therewastremendousnegativepoliticalfallout,particularlywhenreportscameoutthatmoniessupposedtobeusedtoeasecreditrestrictionswerebeingusedtopaybonusestohighly-paidemployees.AnalystWilliamCohanarguedthatitwas“obscene（骯臟的）”howWallStreetreaped“massiveprofitsandbonusesin2009”afterbeingsavedby“trillionsofdollarsofAmericantaxpayers’treasure”despiteWallStreet’s“greedandirresponsiblerisk-taking”.WashingtonPostreporterSuzanneMcGeecalledforWallStreettomakeasortofpublicapologytothenation,andexpresseddismaythatpeoplesuchasGoldmanSachschiefexecutiveLldydBlankfeinhadn’texpressedcontrition（悔悟）despitebeingsuedbytheSEC（SecuritiesandExchangeCommission）in2009.McGeewrotethat“Bankersaren’tthesoleculprits,buttheirdenialsofresponsibilityandtheoccasionalvagueandwafflingexpressionofregretdon’tgofarenoughtodeflectanger”.

ButchiefbankinganalystatGoldmanSachs,RichardRamsden,is“unapologetic”andsees“banksasthedynamos（發(fā)電機(jī)）thatpowertherestoftheeconomy”.Ramsdenbelieves“risk-takingisvital”.Othersinthefinancialindustrybelievethey’vebeenunfairlycriticizedbythepublicandbypoliticians.

ImagesofWallStreetanditsfigureshaveloomedlarge.The1987OliverStonefilmWallStreetcreatedtheiconicfigureofGordonGekkowhousedthephrase“greedisgood”,whichhadanunexpectedculturalinfluence,notcausingthemtoturnawayfromcorporategreed,butcausingmanyyoungpeopletochooseWallStreetcareers.

1.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

2.AllofthefollowingstatementsaretrueEXCEPT（）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattherealrootofthefinancialcrisisis（）.

4.InthefilmWallStreet,GordonGekkocouldbestbedescribedasa(n)（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.PhysicalLayoutofWallStreet.

B.WallStreetinthePublic’sEyes.

C.InfluencesoftheFilmWallStreet.

D.WallStreetasaFinancialCenter.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.WallStreethasarousedconsiderablepublicinterest

B.thebailoutprogramplaysanegativeroleinAmericanpolitics

C.WallStreetistheonlyoffenderbehindtheglobaleconomiccrisis

D.thepartWallStreethasplayedintheAmericaneconomyisunderattack

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.USgovernment’sexistinglegislationonbusinessclimate

B.USgovernment’spolitically-motivatedbailoutplan

C.WallStreet’sfavorabletreatmenttointerestgroups

D.WallStreet’slackofresponsibilityandhumanity

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.idiot

B.idol

C.idealist

D.gossip

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

【解析】1.結(jié)合文章內(nèi)容可知,第一段主要講美國公眾對華爾街的整體看法,接下來的段落便是具體的描述公眾眼中的華爾街。所以選項(xiàng)B最為恰當(dāng)。

2.根據(jù)第一段可知選項(xiàng)A正確;根據(jù)第二段第三句“...butthebailoutwasoftencriticizedaspoliticallymotivated,andwascriticizedbyjournalistsaswellasthepublic.”可知選項(xiàng)B正確;根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知選項(xiàng)D也正確,只有選項(xiàng)C在文中沒有提及,且選項(xiàng)中only表述太絕對。所以本題選C。

3.根據(jù)第二段分析師WilliamCohan說的話可知,華爾街金融危機(jī)的根源是其貪婪和不負(fù)責(zé)任的冒險(xiǎn)行為所導(dǎo)致的,選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

4.根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知,電影《華爾街》塑造了戈登?蓋柯的標(biāo)志性人物,他說“貪婪是好的”。這句話產(chǎn)生了意想不到的文化影響,不僅沒有讓年輕人擺脫集體的貪婪,反而讓他們選擇來華爾街冒險(xiǎn)。由此可知,戈登?蓋柯被塑造成為了一個(gè)偶像,所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

5.單選題

Therehasnotbeenagreatresponsetothesale,（）?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.doesit

B.hasit

C.doesthere

D.hasthere

【答案】D

【解析】Therebe的反義疑問句直接用be動(dòng)詞+there。

6.單選題

Howwelookandhowweappeartoothersprobablyworriesusmorewhenareinourteensorearlytwentiesthanatanyothertimeinourlife.Fewofusarecontenttoacceptourselvesasweare,andfewarebraveenoughtoignorethetrendsoffashion.

MostfashionmagazinesorTVadvertisementstrytopersuadeusthatweshoulddressinacertainwayorbehaveinacertainmanner.Ifwedo,theytellus,wewillbeabletomeetnew

peoplewithconfidenceanddealwitheverysituationconfidentlyandwithoutembarrassment.

Changingfashion,ofcourse,doesnotapplyjusttodress.Abarbertodaydoesnotcutaboy’shairinthesamewayasheusedto,andgirlsdonotmakeupinthesamewayastheirmothersandgrandmothersdid.Theadvertisersshowusthelatestfashionablestylesandweareconstantlyunderpressuretofollowthefashionincaseourfriendsthinkweareoddordull.

Whatcausesfashionstochange?Sometimesconvenienceorpracticalnecessityorjustthefancyofaninfluentialpersoncanestablishafashion.Takehatsforexample.Incowclimates,earlybuildingswerecoldinside,sopeopleworehatsindoorsaswellasoutside.Inrecenttimes,thelatePresidentKennedycausedadepressionintheAmericanhatindustrybynotwearinghats:acyclicalpatterninfashion.Inthe1920sinEuropeandAmerica,shortskirtsbecamefashionable.AfterWordWarTwo,theydroppedtoanklelength.Thentheygotshorterandshorteruntiltheminiskirtwasinfashion.Afterafewmoreyears,skirtsbecamelongeragain.

Today,societyismuchfreerandeasierthanitusedtobe.Itisnolongernecessarytodresslikeeveryoneelse?Withinreason,youcandressasyoulikeordoyourhairthewayyoulikeinsteadofthewayyoushouldbecauseitisthefashion.Thepopularityofjeansandthe“untidy”lookseemstobeareactionagainsttheincreasinglyexpensivefashionofmetopfashionhouses.

Atthesametime,appearanceisstillimportantincertaincircumstancesandthenwemustchooseourclothescarefully.Itwouldbefoolishtogotoaninterviewforajobinalawfirmwearingjeansandasweater;anditwouldbediscourteoustovisitsomedistinguishedscholarlookingasifweweregoingtothebeachoranightclub.

However,youneedneverfeeldepressedifyoudon’tlooklikethelatestfashionphoto.Lookaroundyouandyou’llseethatnooneelsedoeseither!

1.Theauthorthinksthatpeopleare（

）.

2.FashionmagazinesandTVadvertisementsseemtolinkfashionto

（

）.

3.Causesoffashionsare

（

）.

4.Present-daysocietyismuchfreerandeasierbecauseitemphasizes

（

）.

5.Whichisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.satisfiedwiththeirappearance

B.concernedaboutappearanceinoldage

C.farfromneglectingwhatisinfashion

D.reluctanttofollowthetrendsinfashion

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.confidenceinlife

B.personaldress

C.individualhairstyle

D.personalfuture

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.uniform

B.varied

C.unknown

D.inexplicable

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.uniformity

B.formality

C.informality

D.individuality

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Careaboutappearanceinformalsituations

B.Fashioninformalandinformalsituations

C.Ignoringappearanceininformalsituations

D.Ignoringappearanceinallsituations

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第一段指出:Howwelookandhowweappeartoothersprobablyworriesusmorewhenweareinourteensorearlytwentiesthanatanyothertimeinourlife.Fewofusarecontenttoacceptourselvesasweare,andfewarebraveenoughtoignorethetrendsoffashion(十多歲或二十出頭的時(shí)候，會比一生當(dāng)中任何其他時(shí)期都關(guān)注自己的外表。極少人滿意自己的本來面貌，少數(shù)人足夠勇敢忽視時(shí)尚潮流),故選C(完全不忽視時(shí)尚潮流)。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞magazineandTV定位至第二段:MostfashionmagazinesorTVadvertisementstrytopersuadeusthatweshoulddressinacertainwayorbehaveinacertainmanner.Ifwedo,theytellus,wewillbeabletomeetnewpeoplewithconfidenceanddealwitheverysituationconfidentlyandwithoutembarrassment(大多數(shù)時(shí)尚雜志或電視廣告總是告訴我們應(yīng)該穿什么或者應(yīng)該有什么行為。如果我們照做了，他們會告訴我們，我們可以有信心的交新朋友，充滿信心的處理事情，不會尷尬)。故選A。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞cause定位至第三段:Whatcausefashionstochange?Sometimesconvenienceorpracticalnecessityorjustthefancyofaninfluentialpersoncanestablishafashion(什么導(dǎo)致了時(shí)尚變化呢？有時(shí)候便利，實(shí)用必須，或是一個(gè)有影響力的人的愛好都可以造就時(shí)尚)。故選B。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由關(guān)鍵詞freerandeasier定位至第五段:Today,societyismuchfreerandeasierthanitusedtobe.Withinreason,youcandressasyoulikeordoourhairthewayyoulikeordoyourhairthewayyoulikeinsteadofthewayyoushouldbecauseitisthefashion(當(dāng)今社會比曾經(jīng)更為自由和舒適。只要合情合理，或者做你喜歡的發(fā)型，而不是你應(yīng)該按照時(shí)尚去穿去做)。因此選D(個(gè)性)

5.主旨大意題。文章最后一段主要講的是在某些場合，尤其是正式場合，外觀是很重要的。故選A(關(guān)注正式場合的外觀)。

7.單選題

Amotionpicturedirectorforovertwentyyears,JohnChampmanstampedhisfilmwith（

）tyleandpersonalconviction.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.himself

B.hisown

C.his

D.him

【答案】B

【解析】考查人稱代詞和物主代詞的用法。句意：二十多年來，電影導(dǎo)演John將他的電影深深烙上了個(gè)人風(fēng)格和個(gè)人信仰的記號。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。hisown“他自己的”。

8.單選題

Ifyouworkunderacarwhenrepairingit,youoftengetvery（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.waxy

B.sticky

C.slippery

D.greasy

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)waxy“蠟制的，似蠟的，質(zhì)地光滑的”；B選項(xiàng)sticky“粘性的”；C選項(xiàng)slippery“滑的，狡猾的，棘手的”；D選項(xiàng)greasy“多油的，油污的，油膩的”。由“Ifyouworkunderacarwhenrepairingit，youoftengetvery___（如果你在車底下修理汽車，你通常會____）”可知D選項(xiàng)符合語境。句意：如果你在車底下修理汽車，你通常會弄得滿身油污。

9.單選題

V.Duringthefirsthalf2015,boththeDuPontincumbentsandTrianchallengersbecameablemastersofsocialmedia,pressreleases,andlobbyingtacticstocurryfavoramongvotingshareholdersofallstripes.Trianwasabletowinthepublicendorsementofsignificantproxyadvisoryfirms(suchasGlass-LewisandISS),whileDuPontsecuredsupportofsignificantinstitutionalinvestors(suchasCALPERS).Whenthedustfinallysettled,theincumbentshadekedoutvictoriesonallfourchallengedseats.Butthemarginwasuncomfortablysmall,withthesplitlargelyseparatingself-identified“l(fā)ongterm”investors(includingindexfundssuchasVanguard,BlackRockandStateStreet)from“shortterm”investors(whichincludedbothactivisthedgefundsandasizableportionofretailinvestors—estimatedtocontrolaroundthirtypercentoftheshares).

ThegovernancekerfuffleatDuPont,andtherhetoricalfisticuffsitprecipitated,helpsmotivatethispaper:Indeed,whileDuPontisacompellingcasestudyinitsownright,itisalsoemblematicofagrowingrecenttrendofshareholderactivism—onethathasattractedanincreasinglyperferviddebatewithinthecorporatelawandfinancecommunityaroundcontemporaryactivism’smerits.ThereislittledoubtthatactivismhasbecomeaforcetobereckonedwithamongU.S.issuers.ThelastfifteenyearsbearwitnesstoadiscernibleescalationofproxyfightssimilartoDuPont’s.Moreover,evenasthenumberofproxychallengershasescalated,theyhaveenjoyedgreatersuccess:dissidentsnowgainsomemeasureofvictory(throughsettlementoroutrightvictory)inovertwo-thirdsofthechallengestheylaunch.

Theburgeoningsuccessofproxyfightsisarguablyreflectedinthecontemporaneousgrowthofactivisthedgefunds,whichhaveballoonedfromunder$100millioninassetsundermanagementin2000toover$140billiontoday.Whiletheactivismtrendisremarkable,thecacophonousdebatesurroundingitreallystealstheshow.Thecompetingpositionsarebynowwell-troddenterrain.Activists,itisalleged,privilegeshorttermearningsovermoredurable(butlessliquid)investmentsinlongtermvalue,leadingtobusinessdecisionsthatnotonlyforsakelongtermvalueforimmediategain,butdosoinamannerthatsacrificesnetpresentvalue.Andindeed,severalstudiesofhedge-fundengagementsfindthathedgefundactivismsignificantlycurbslong-terminvestmentsinresearchanddevelopment,durableassets,andworkforcecapital.

1.Thefirstsentenceoftheparagraphsisclosestinmeaningwiththefollowingstatement.

2.Fromthefirstparagraph,onecanknowthefollowingbut___.

3.Thesecondparagraphtellsusthat___.

4.Inthelastparagraph,theauthorsaysthat“activistsprivilegeshorttermearningsovermoredurableinvestmentsinlongtermvalue”.Theunderlinedword“privilege”isclosestinmeaningwith___.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.TheDuPontincumbentsandTrianchallengersaremasters.

B.VotingshareholdersofalltypesconcernaboutDuPontincumbentsandTrianchallengers.

C.Socialmediaandpressreleasescurryfavoramongvotingshareholdersofallstripes.

D.TheDuPontincumbentsandTrianchallengersheldpressreleases.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.DuPontwongreatvictory

B.significantinstitutionalinvestorssupportedDuPont

C.significantproxyadvisoryfirmssupportedTrian

D.theauthoristalkingaboutboardelection

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thegovemanceatDuPonthascomeacrosssomeproblems

B.dissidentsgainovertwo-thirdsoftheseats

C.proxyfightssimilartoDuPont’sstarted15yearsago

D.shareholderactivismisgrowingandhasbecomeaforcetobereckonedwith

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.grantedspecialright

B.fightfor

C.favor

D.keepsecret

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:A

【解析】1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第一段第一句Duringthefirsthalf2015,boththeDuPontincumbentsandTrianchallengersbecameablemastersofsocialmedia,pressreleases,andlobbyingtacticstocurryfavoramongvotingshareholdersofallstripes.（在2015年上半年，DuPont的在任者和Trian的挑戰(zhàn)者們都成為了社交媒體、新聞發(fā)布和游說策略的高手，以討好所有有投票權(quán)的股東）可知選B選項(xiàng)“所有類型的投票股東都關(guān)注DuPont公司的現(xiàn)任股東和Trian公司的挑戰(zhàn)者”；A選項(xiàng)“DuPont公司和Trian公司的挑戰(zhàn)者都是大師級人物”不符合原文的形容，原文是說社交媒體、新聞發(fā)布和游說策略的高手，A選項(xiàng)太寬泛；C選項(xiàng)“社交媒體和新聞稿都在討好各種有投票權(quán)的股東”，D選項(xiàng)“DuPont公司和Trian公司的挑戰(zhàn)者舉行了新聞發(fā)布會”未涉及。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段Whenthedustfinallysettled,theincumbentshadekedoutvictoriesonallfourchallengedseats.（當(dāng)塵埃落定時(shí)，在任者已在所有四個(gè)面臨挑戰(zhàn)的席位上險(xiǎn)勝），結(jié)合第一句話可知在任者是指DuPont的在任者，則DuPont是險(xiǎn)勝而不是巨大的勝利，A選項(xiàng)“DuPont公司贏得了巨大的勝利”和原文不符；第一段Trianwasabletowinthepublicendorsementofsignificantproxyadvisoryfirms,whileDuPontsecuredsupportofsignificantinstitutionalinvestors.（Trian能夠贏得重要代理咨詢公司的公眾認(rèn)可，而DuPont則獲得了重要機(jī)構(gòu)投資者的支持）可知B選項(xiàng)“重要的機(jī)構(gòu)投資者支持DuPont”，C選項(xiàng)“重要的代理咨詢公司支持Trian”符合原文；由第一段第一句Duringthefirsthalf2015,boththeDuPontincumbentsandTrianchallengersbecameablemastersofsocialmedia,pressreleases,andlobbyingtacticstocurryfavoramongvotingshareholdersofallstripes.（在2015年上半年，DuPont的在任者和Trian的挑戰(zhàn)者們都成為了社交媒體、新聞發(fā)布和游說策略的高手，以討好所有有投票權(quán)的股東）可以推測出這是在指董事會的選舉，D選項(xiàng)“作者正在談?wù)摱聲x舉”符合原文。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

3.主旨大意題。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段itisalsoemblematicofagrowingrecenttrendofshareholderactivism…ThereislittledoubtthatactivismhasbecomeaforcetobereckonedwithamongU.S.issuers.（這也象征著最近股東維權(quán)主義的發(fā)展趨勢……毫無疑問，維權(quán)主義已成為美國發(fā)行人不可忽視的一股力量）可知選D選項(xiàng)“股東維權(quán)主義正在增長，并已成為一股不可忽視的力量”，第二段主要描述的就是股東維權(quán)主義的內(nèi)容，原文提到ThegovernancekerfuffleatDuPont（DuPon的管治混亂）的例子是為了提供相應(yīng)的論據(jù)來支持作者該觀點(diǎn)，則A選項(xiàng)“DuPon公司的管理遇到了一些問題”并不是第二段告訴我們的主要內(nèi)容；B選項(xiàng)“持不同政見者獲得超過三分之二的席位”在文中未提及；第二段ThelastfifteenyearsbearwitnesstoadiscernibleescalationofproxyfightssimilartoDuPont’s.（過去十五年來，類似DuPon的代理權(quán)糾紛明顯升級）根據(jù)這句話無法推測出C選項(xiàng)“與DuPon公司類似的代理權(quán)之爭始于15年前”，排除。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

4.語義推測題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文劃分單詞句子Activists,itisalleged,privilegeshorttermearningsovermoredurable(butlessliquid)investmentsinlongtermvalue…（據(jù)稱，在長期價(jià)值方面，激進(jìn)分子優(yōu)先考慮的是短期收益，而不是更持久（但流動(dòng)性更差）的投資……），privilege在本句中是謂語，表示“給……特權(quán)；優(yōu)先……”，選A選項(xiàng)“給予特殊的權(quán)利”；B選項(xiàng)“爭取”，C選項(xiàng)“較喜歡；偏袒；有利于；（非正式）長得像；悉心照料”，D選項(xiàng)“保密”不符合原文的含義，排除。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Heaskedmetolendhimsomemoney,whichIagreedtodo,（）thathepaidmebackthefollowingweek.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.onoccasion

B.onpurpose

C.oncondition

D.onlyif

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)onoccasion“間或，有時(shí)”，例句：Ithas,onoccasion，createdtroubleforthebank.(有時(shí)，這給銀行造成麻煩。)；B選項(xiàng)onpurpose“故意”，例句：Icamehereonpurposetoseeyou.（我特地來這里看你。)；C選項(xiàng)oncondition“在……條件下，如果，倘若”，例句：Youcangooutonconditionthatyouwearanovercoat.(你要穿上外套才能出去。)；D選項(xiàng)onlyif“只要，只有”。用于句首時(shí)，后面主句的主謂語要倒裝，例如：Onlyifateacherhasgivenpermissionisastudentallowedtoenterthisroom.（只有得到老師的允許，學(xué)生才可以進(jìn)這屋。)。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有C選項(xiàng)oncondition后面跟that從句，表示“在……條件下”。句意：他向我借錢，我同意了，但條件是下周還錢。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是C選項(xiàng)。

11.單選題

Thegreatflames（）throughthedarkness.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.glared

B.shone

C.shot

D.flared

【答案】D

【解析】glare怒視，瞪眼；shine閃耀，多指光照，光線等；shoot射擊；flare閃耀，多指火焰等。句意：巨大的火焰在夜空中閃耀。所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

12.單選題

Itdidnottakelongforthecentralbankto（）theirfears.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.soothe

B.snub

C.smear

D.sanctify

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。soothe“使平靜，安慰，緩和”；snub“冷落，斥責(zé)”；smear“涂上，抹掉，誹謗”；sanctify“使神圣”。句意：銀行并沒有花費(fèi)很長時(shí)間就緩解了人們的憂慮。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

13.單選題

Unlikethelibertarians,hedoesnotbelievethestateisasecond-orderphenomenon,amereenablerorprotectorofwhatpeoplechoosetodoincivilsocietyor,alternatively,asaboteuroftheirfreedoms.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.attributor

B.distracter

C.destroyer

D.precursor

【答案】C

【解析】與自由主義者不同，他不認(rèn)為國家是一種二階現(xiàn)象，僅僅是公民社會中人們選擇做什么的推動(dòng)者或保護(hù)者，或者是他們自由的破壞者。由“…or,alternatively”可知前后是截然相反的兩種角色，前者是enabler和protector，則saboteur與之是相對立的。A選項(xiàng)attributor“屬性；特質(zhì)”；B選項(xiàng)distracter“誤選項(xiàng)；干擾項(xiàng)”；C選項(xiàng)destroyer“破壞者”；D選項(xiàng)precursor“先驅(qū)，前導(dǎo)”。比較選項(xiàng)可知C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

14.單選題

Asculturesaremergedandtraditionslost,immigrantswillcometobeassimilated.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.eliminated

B.revoked

C.modified

D.blended

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。merge表示“合并，融合”。A項(xiàng)eliminate“消除”，B項(xiàng)revoke“撤回，取消”，C項(xiàng)modify“修飾”，D項(xiàng)blend“混合，協(xié)調(diào)”；句意：隨著文化的融合和傳統(tǒng)的喪失，移民將會被同化。根據(jù)句意該題選D。

15.單選題

Dogownersmust（）thedog’swasteincontainersprovidedthroughoutthepark.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.pickup

B.setaside

C.disposeof

D.takeoff

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。A選項(xiàng)pickup“撿起；獲得；收拾”；B選項(xiàng)setaside“留出；駁回，撤銷；不顧”；C選項(xiàng)disposeof“處理；轉(zhuǎn)讓；解決；吃光；除掉；賣掉”；D選項(xiàng)takeoff“起飛；脫下；離開；突然成功”。句意：養(yǎng)狗人必須用公園內(nèi)提供的容器處理狗的排泄物。A選項(xiàng)pickup應(yīng)該更側(cè)重于撿起狗狗拉在地上的排泄物，而題干中說到了在容器內(nèi)，在容器內(nèi)處理狗狗的排泄物更適合，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

16.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Mostpeoplecanrememberaphonenumberforuptothirtyseconds.Whenthisshortamountoftimepasses,however,thenumbersareerasedfromthememory.Howdidtheinformationgetthereinthefirstplace?Informationthatmakesitswaytotheshorttermmemory(STM)doessoviathesensorystoragearea.ThebrainhasafilterwhichonlyallowsstimulationthatisofimmediateinteresttopassontotheSTM,alsoknownastheworkingmemory.

Thereismuchdebateaboutthecapacityanddurationoftheshorttermmemory.ThemostacceptedtheorycomesfromGeorgeA.Miller,acognitivepsychologistwhosuggestedthathumanscanrememberapproximatelysevenchunksofinformation.Achunkisdefinedasameaningfulunitofinformation,suchasawordornameratherthanjustaletterornumber.Moderntheoristssuggestthatonecanincreasethecapacityoftheshorttermmemorybychunking,orclassifyingsimilarinformationtogether.Byorganizinginformation,onecanimprovetheSTM,andimprovethechancesofamemorybeingpassedontolongtermstorage.

Whenmakingaconsciousefforttomemorizesomething,suchasinformationforanexam,manypeopleengagein“roterehearsal”.Byrepeatingsomethingoverandoveragain,weareabletokeepamemoryalive.Unfortunately,thistypeofmemorymaintenanceonlysucceedsiftherearenointerruptions.Assoonasapersonstopsrehearsingtheinformation,ithasthetendencytodisappear.Whenapenandpaperarenothandy,youmightattempttorememberaphonenumberbyrepeatingitaloud.Ifthedoorbellringsorthedogbarkstocomeinbeforeyougettheopportunitytomakeyourphonecall,youwillforgetthenumberinstantly.Therefore,roterehearsalisnotanefficientwaytopassinformationfromtheshorttermtolongtermmemory.Abetterwayistopractice“elaboraterehearsal”.Thisinvolvesassigningsemanticmeaningtoapieceofinformationsothatitcanbefiledalongwithotherpre-existinglongtermmemories.

Encodinginformationsemanticallyalsomakesitmoreretrievable.Retrievinginformationcanbedonebyrecognitionorrecall.Humanscanrecallmemoriesthatarestoredinthelongtermmemoryandusedoften.However,ifamemoryseemstobeforgotten,itmayeventuallyberetrievedbyprompting.Themorecuesapersonisgiven(suchaspictures),themorelikelyamemorycanberetrieved.Thisiswhymultiplechoicetestsareoftenusedforsubjectsthatrequirealotofmemorization.

1.Accordingtothepassage,howdomemoriesgettransferredtotheSTM?

2.Howdotheoristsbelieveapersoncanremembermoreinformationinashorttime?

3.Whydoestheauthormentionadog’sbark?

4.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutretrievinginformation?

5.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theyrevertfromthelongtermmemory.

B.Theyarefilteredfromthesensorystoragearea.

C.Theygetchunkedwhentheyenterthebrain.

D.Theyenterviathenervoussystem.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Byorganizingit.

B.Byrepeatingit.

C.Bygivingitaname.

D.Bywritingitdownonpaper.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Toexemplifypoormemory.

B.Toanalyzeatypeofinterruption.

C.Tocomparehumanmemorywithdogs’memory.

D.Toillustratethelackofefficiencyofroterehearsal.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Elaboraterehearsalcontributestoinformationretrieval.

B.Themostefficientwayofretrievinginformationistoassignsemanticmeaningtotheinformation.

C.It’simpossibletoretrieveforgotteninformationwithoutpictureprompts.

D.Encodinginformationismoreefficientthanchunkingit.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.One’smemorycapacitycanbeenhancedbyroterehearsal.

B.Puttinginformationtowritingissuggestedtoimprovememory.

C.Providingsufficientpromptshelpsinformationretrieval