考研考博-英語-山東商務(wù)職業(yè)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-山東商務(wù)職業(yè)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

AtfirstJackieprayed,frozeninfear,butgraduallyhisterror（

）curiosity.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.gaveawayto

B.gavewayto

C.goawayto

D.livedupto

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)giveawayto“泄露，贈(zèng)送，告發(fā)”；B選項(xiàng)givewayto“向……讓步，向……妥協(xié)，被……替代”；C選項(xiàng)goawayto“離開，消失，外出”；D選項(xiàng)liveupto“遵守（諾言），符合，不辜負(fù)（期望）”。句中的but表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，可推測此處是指由最差的恐懼到后面的好奇，B選項(xiàng)符合邏輯搭配。句意：起初Jackie在恐懼中祈禱，但漸漸地，他的恐懼被好奇替代。

2.單選題

Therearefaultswhichagereleasesusfrom,andtherearevirtueswhichturntoviceswiththelapseofyears.Theworstoftheseisthrift,whichinearlyandmiddlelifeiswisdomanddutytopracticeforaprovisionagainstdestitution.Astimegoesonthisvirtueisapttoturnintotheugliest,cruelest,shabbiestofthevices.Thenthevictimofitfindshimselfstoringpastallprobableneedofsavingforhimselforthosenexthim,tothedeprivationoftheremoterkinoftherace.Intheearliertimewhengainwassymbolizedbygoldorsilver,themiserhadasensualjoyinthetouchofhisriches,inhearingthecoinsclinkintheirfallthroughhisfingersandingloatingupontheirincreasesensibletothehandandeye.Thenthemiserhadhisplaceamongthegreatfiguresofmisdoing;hewasofadramaticeffect,likeamurdererorarobberandsomethingofthisbaddistinctionclungtohimevenwhenhiscoinshadchangedtopapercurrency,theclean,whitenotesoftheonlyEnglishbank,orthegreenbacks,ofourinnumerablebanksofissue;butwhenthesenseofricheshadbeentransmutedtothebalanceinhisfavorathisbanker’s,orthebondsinhisdraweratthesafety-depositvault,allsplendorhadgoneoutofhisvice.Hisbademinencewasgone,butheclungtothelustofgainwhichhadrankedhimwiththepicturesquewrong-doers,andwhichonlyruinfromwithoutcouldsavehimfrom,unlesshegavehisremnantofstrengthtosavinghimselffromit.Mostagingmenaresensibleofallthis,butfewhavethefranknessofthatagingmanwhooncesaidthathewhodiedrichdieddisgraced,anddiedtheotherdayinthecomparativepovertyoffiftymillions.

1.Thisshortpassageismainlytotellthat（）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,oneisthoughtviciouswhenhe（）.

3.Theitalicizedexpression“gloatingupon”probablymeans（）.

4.Thewords“inthecomparativepovertyoffiftymillions”attheendofthepassagesuggestsanotionthat（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.manbecomesincreasinglygreedywhengettingold

B.amisercanbehonestifhedoesnowrongact

C.agecanhelpconvertsomevirtueintovice

D.misersallstartedfromtryingtobethrifty

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.gathersupmoneyatthesacrificeofallhisfamilymembers

B.practicesendlessthriftytoguardhispeoplefrompoverty

C.storescontinuouslyforhisownandhisrelatives’needs

D.savestoomuchbutwouldn’tspenditforthenecessary

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thinkingwithslightguilt

B.seeingwithmuchsatisfaction

C.touchingwithgreatawe

D.hearingwithlittledelight

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.stinginessmaycauseaveryrichmantodieverypitiful

B.richpeoplemaystilltake50millionascomparativelittle

C.oneremainsdiscontentwithallhehasgaineduntilhisdeath

D.therichareinconsiderateofthemajoritythatliveinpoverty

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章的中心句是第一句Therearefaultswhichagereleasesusfrom,andtherearevirtueswhichturntoviceswiththelapseofyears.（有些缺點(diǎn)會(huì)隨著年齡的增長而消失，有些美德會(huì)隨著歲月的流逝而變成惡習(xí)。），接著文章以節(jié)儉為例說明主題。因此C選項(xiàng)“年齡可以使美德變?yōu)樾皭骸闭_。A選項(xiàng)“人越老越貪婪”和原文隨著歲月的流逝節(jié)儉變成惡習(xí)的意思混淆，所以A錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“如果守財(cái)奴沒有做錯(cuò)事，他也可以是誠實(shí)的”在文中沒有提及，所以B錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“吝嗇鬼都是從努力節(jié)儉開始的”是文中的一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)，不能概括文章主旨，所以D錯(cuò)誤。

2.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段第四句Thenthevictimofitfindshimselfstoringpastallprobableneedofsavingforhimselforthosenexthim,tothedeprivationoftheremoterkinoftherace.（有這種陋習(xí)的人發(fā)現(xiàn)他們自己不斷地儲(chǔ)存，致使其他遠(yuǎn)親們一無所獲。），說明被視為罪惡的原因是只顧自己積蓄，不幫助其他遠(yuǎn)親。因此D選項(xiàng)“儲(chǔ)蓄太多，但不愿花在必要的地方”正確。A選項(xiàng)“犧牲所有的家庭成員來攢錢”，B選項(xiàng)“孜孜不倦地節(jié)儉以保護(hù)他的人民免受貧困”，C選項(xiàng)“不斷地儲(chǔ)存以滿足自己和親戚的需要”均不是被視為罪惡的原因，所以A，B，C錯(cuò)誤。

3.語義推測題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段第五句Intheearliertimewhengainwassymbolizedbygoldorsilver,themiserhadasensualjoyinthetouchofhisriches,inhearingthecoinsclinkintheirfallthroughhisfingersandingloatingupontheirincreasesensibletothehandandeye.（在早期，財(cái)富是以金或銀作為象征的，當(dāng)守財(cái)奴接觸到自己的財(cái)富時(shí)，聽到硬幣從他的手指間叮當(dāng)作響地掉下時(shí)，就會(huì)感到一種感官上的快樂，而且還會(huì)因?yàn)橛矌诺脑黾佣凑醋韵?。），說明“gloatingupon”在這里的意思是滿意地看到自己的財(cái)富增加。因此B選項(xiàng)“滿意地看到”正確。A選項(xiàng)“帶著輕微的負(fù)罪感思考”，C選項(xiàng)“充滿敬畏地觸摸”，D選項(xiàng)“聽著不太高興”不符合原文的意思，所以A，C，D錯(cuò)誤。

4.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章最后一句Mostagingmenaresensibleofallthis,butfewhavethefranknessofthatagingmanwhooncesaidthathewhodiedrichdieddisgraced,anddiedtheotherdayinthecomparativepovertyoffiftymillions.（大多數(shù)上了年紀(jì)的人都明白吝嗇的下場，但是沒幾個(gè)人像那位老人一樣坦率地說過，富人死得并不體面，他死時(shí)雖然有五千萬的財(cái)富，但相對來說，他精神上是十分貧困的。），說明這句話暗示的內(nèi)容是雖然吝嗇的人可能會(huì)非常富有，但他們死去時(shí)的處境也是很可憐的。因此A選項(xiàng)“吝嗇可能會(huì)使一個(gè)非常富有的人死得很可憐”正確。B選項(xiàng)“富人可能仍然覺得五千萬很少”，C選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)人直到死前都不滿足于他所得到的一切”，D選項(xiàng)“富人不考慮大多數(shù)生活在貧困中的人”的說法均太籠統(tǒng)，所以B，C，D錯(cuò)誤。

3.單選題

Fundamentally,incomedisparitydescribestwodisparategroups:richandpoor.Itishardlynewsthatthericharegettingricher.Theunderlyingstoryisafamiliarone:thewealthiesthouseholdsownthemostassets,namelystocks,andassetpriceshaverisenataferociouspaceinrecentyears.Beyondthestandardexplanation,itisalsothecasethattheemergenceoftechnology,risingproductivity,andanexpandingglobalmarkethavebroughtforthanewupperclassamongcorporations.Thesenewlywealthyfirmspayskilledemployeeswellandinanever-tighterlabormarket,theyareforcedtoconstantlysweetentheiremployees’compensation.

Thentherearethepoor,whereconditionsarealittlemurky.Fallingunemployment,anecdotalevidenceofrisingstartingwagesforlow-levelservicejobs,andtherelativenon-eventofwelfarereformsofarsuggestthatconditionsatthelowendareimproving.Yetatthesametime,wholecommunitiesundersiegebycrimeandhopelessnesscannotbeignored.

Thatsaid,incomeinequalityasablanketindictmentonoureconomicsystemdoesnotfly.Incomedisparityisthegasthatrunsoureconomicengine.Theabilitytosomedayearnmore,toliveatahigherstandard,iswhatgetspeopleoutofbedinthemorning,particularlyinourconsumer-orientedeconomy.Incomedisparityonlybecomesaproblemifitwidenstotheextentthatthelaborforcebelievesthatgreaterwealthcanonlybeachievedbythealreadywealthy.

Indeed,itisunreasonabletostatethatincomedisparityiserodingthelaborforce’swilltoimproveproductivityandmoveahead.Increasinglaborforceparticipation,recordhomeownership,surgingconsumerconfidenceandspending,near-recordlevelsofimmigration,andurbanrenewalareallanecdotalevidencethathopesarehigh.AlltypesofpeopleareflourishingintheNewEconomyandthereissufficientevidencetosuggestthatmoststillwanttheirshotatthebrassring.

Sowhyaretherestillverypoorhouseholdsinthiscountry?Therearemanyreasons.Oureconomyisshiftingtowardstheproductionofhighervaluegoodsandservices.Unskilledlaborisnotvaluedtothedegreethatitoncewas,andunskilledworkersarepaidaccordingly.TherehasalsobeenarecentsurgeofimmigrationintotheU.S.Manymigrantstothiscountry,particularlythosewhoareunskilledorlanguagechallenged,requiretimetobeabsorbedintooureconomy.Ifskillsarelacking,itmaytakeagenerationortwotomoveahead.

Itisalsoimportanttorememberthatitisnottheultimategoalofeverypersontobefabulouslyrich.Oneofthefundamentalsofeconomicsisthatonedecideshowhardtowork,wheretowork,andwhatriskstotake.Monetarywealthisnotthesolemeansofmaximizingutility.Eachpersonhasafinitelifespanandfiniteabilities;itisuptotheindividualtoapplythoseastheyseefit.Thewealthygettingwealthierisnotalwaysevidencetoothersthattheythemselvesarefallingbehind.

1.Intheauthor’scountry,（）maybenefitfromthedevelopmentofitseconomy.

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

3.Theauthorbelievesthatincomedisparitywill（）.

4.Themainideapresentedinthelastparagraphisthat（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thewealthyratherthanthepoor

B.alltheimmigrants

C.onlyskilledemployees

D.allthepeople

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Everypersonwantstobecomerich.

B.Unskilledpeopletendtobepoor.

C.Mostimmigrantsareverypoor.

D.Thewealthyisgettingwealthier

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.begraduallynarrowed

B.disappearsoonerorlater

C.persistaseverbefore

D.bemoreandmorewidened

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.noteverypersoniswillingtobecomeaswealthyaspossible

B.whatapersonpursuesintheworldisnotmonetarywealth

C.eachindividualknowsexactlywhathisultimategoalis

D.itisunderstandableforthewealthytogetwealthier

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“在作者的國家，哪類人受益于經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展？”文章第四段最后一句話提到“所有人都在新經(jīng)濟(jì)中發(fā)展”(AlltypesofpeopleareflourishingintheNewEconomy)，因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“下列哪個(gè)表述是正確的？”文章第五段提到“非技術(shù)勞動(dòng)力的償付水平與以前不同了……”（Unskilledlaborisnotvaluedtothedegreethatitoncewas,andunskilledworkersarepaidaccordingly），選項(xiàng)B“非技術(shù)人員傾向貧窮”符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“作者認(rèn)為收入差距將……”。文章第三段第一句話提到“收入差距是驅(qū)動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)引擎的汽油”（Incomedisparityisthegasthatrunsoureconomicengine），因此它不可能消失，所以選項(xiàng)C“一直存在”符合題意。

4.主旨大意題。題目問的是“最后一段的主要思想是什么？”文章最后一段第一句提到變得富有并不是每個(gè)人的最終目標(biāo)（Itisalsoimportanttorememberthatitisnottheultimategoalofeverypersontobefabulouslyrich），因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

4.翻譯題

Formethemostinterestingthingaboutasolitarylife,andminehasbeenthatfortheblasttwentyyears,isthatitbecomesincreasinglyrewarding.WhenIcanwakeupandwatchthesunrisesovertheocean,asIdomostdays,andknowthatIhaveanentiredayahead,uninterrupted,inwhichtowriteafewpages,takeawalkwithmydog,readandlistentomusic,Iamfloodedwithhappiness.

IamlonelywhenIamovertired,whenIhaveworkedtoolongwithoutabreak,whenforthetimebeingIfeelemptyandneedfillingup.AndIamlonelysometimeswhenIcomebackhomeafteralecturetrip,whenIhaveseenalotofpeopleandtalkedalot,andamfulltothebrimwithexperiencethatneedstobesortedout.

Thenforawhilethehousefeelshugeandempty,andIwonderwheremyselfishiding.Ithastoberecapturedslowlybywateringtheplantsand,perhaps,bylookingagainateachoneasthoughitwasaperson.

Ittakesawhile,asIwatchthesurfblowingupinfountains,butthemomentcomeswhentheworldfallsaway,andtheselfemergesagainfromthedeepunconscious,bringingbackallIhaverecentlyexperiencedtobeexploredandslowlyunderstood.

【答案】對我來說，獨(dú)自生活最有趣的事情是生活變得越來越有價(jià)值，我已經(jīng)這樣獨(dú)自生活了二十年。正如我大多數(shù)日子做的那樣，當(dāng)我醒來，看著太陽從海平面升起，我已經(jīng)提前知道了這一整天（的計(jì)劃），不會(huì)被打攪，寫幾頁文字，和我的狗散步，讀讀書，聽聽音樂，我充滿了幸福。

當(dāng)我過度勞累、長時(shí)間不間斷地工作或者一時(shí)感到空虛需要充實(shí)時(shí)，我就會(huì)感到孤獨(dú)。有時(shí)，當(dāng)我結(jié)束了演講之旅回到家中，我會(huì)感到孤獨(dú)，因?yàn)槲乙娏撕芏嗳?，說了很多話，心里充滿了需要整理的經(jīng)歷。

之后有那么一段時(shí)間，我覺得房子又大又空，不知道自己藏在了哪里。我只得給植物澆澆水，或許再像看人一樣，看看它們的千姿百態(tài)，慢慢地找回自我。

有那么一小會(huì)兒，我看著那噴泉里飛濺的浪花，但當(dāng)世界逐漸消失時(shí)，那一刻就來臨了，自我又從潛意識的深處再次浮現(xiàn)，帶著這幾天的經(jīng)歷去探究，然后慢慢領(lǐng)悟。

5.單選題

TheforeignstudentinChinais（

）withagooddealofChineseculture.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.scattered

B.overflowed

C.permeated

D.manipulated

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)scattered“分散的，散亂的”；B選項(xiàng)overflowed“溢出的”；C選項(xiàng)permeated“滲透，彌漫”，bepermeatedwith洋溢著；D選項(xiàng)manipulated“操作”。句意：在中國的外國學(xué)生洋溢著大量的中國文化氣息。選項(xiàng)C更符合語境。

6.單選題

Arailwayticketshouldindicatetheplaceofdepartureaswellasthe（

）ofthetrip.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.arrival

B.image

C.destination

D.sequence

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。arrival意為“到達(dá)，抵達(dá)”；image意為“形象，印象，畫像”；destination意為“目的地，終點(diǎn)”；sequence意為“一系列，一連串，順序”。

句意：火車票應(yīng)注明出發(fā)地點(diǎn)和旅行目的地。

7.翻譯題

目前，中國仍是跨國公司投資的首選目的地，特別是在服務(wù)業(yè)和外包行業(yè)。2013年，全球外國直接投資下降近40%，但對華投資僅下降3%。作為對西方擔(dān)憂的回應(yīng)，中國不斷加大保護(hù)知識產(chǎn)權(quán)力度，制定了系列比較完整、在世界上也比較先進(jìn)的保護(hù)知識產(chǎn)權(quán)法律體系和行政執(zhí)法、刑事執(zhí)法雙軌的執(zhí)法機(jī)制。在危機(jī)中遭遇巨大沖擊的跨國公司，在中國找到了新的發(fā)展空間和增長點(diǎn)。2009年，通用汽車在美國申請破產(chǎn)，但該公司在華銷售卻增長了67%。

(參考詞匯：multinationalcompanies;outsourcing;intellectualproperty;double-track)

【答案】

Recently,Chinaremainsatopdestinationforinvestmentbymultinationalcompanies,particularlyinserviceandoutsourcing.In2013,globalFDIdroppedbynearly40%,butinvestmentintoChinafellbyonly3%.ReactingtoworriesintheWest,Chinahasalsostrengthenedintellectualpropertyprotectionwithnewlawsanda“double-track”systemofadministrativeandcriminalenforcement.Crisis-hitmultinationalshavefoundnewsourcesofprofitgrowthinChina.In2009,GeneralMotorsfiledforbankruptcyintheUS,butitssalesinChinagrewby67%.

8.單選題

TheEuropeanParliamenthasbannedtheterms“Miss”and“Mrs”theyoffendfemalemembers.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.aslongas

B.themoment

C.sothat

D.incase

【答案】D

【解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。aslongas“只要”；themoment“一……就……”；sothat“所以，以便”；incase“萬一，假使”。句意：歐洲議會(huì)禁止使用“小姐”和“夫人”這兩個(gè)詞，以防它們冒犯女性議員。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

9.單選題

UrbanmotorwayshaveprovednosolutiontoBritain’s______trafficcongestion—indeedsomesaytheyhavemadeitworse.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.abundant

B.adamant

C.sticky

D.chronic

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)abundant“大量的，充裕的”；B選項(xiàng)adamant“堅(jiān)決的”；C選項(xiàng)sticky“難辦的，棘手的”；D選項(xiàng)chronic“長期的，難以治愈（或根除）的”。句意：事實(shí)證明，城市高速公路并不能解決英國______的交通擁堵問題——事實(shí)上，有的人說，城市高速公路讓情況更糟了。橫線處修飾trafficcongestion“交通擁堵問題”，交通擁堵問題不是短時(shí)間形成和解決的，沒有提到會(huì)帶來很嚴(yán)重的后果，需要立刻解決，不至于棘手，D選項(xiàng)chronic“長期的，難以治愈（或根除）的”符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Theconductoroftheorchestrawasnotsatisfiedwiththeballetforthestepsofthedancerwasnot（）withtherhythmofthemusic.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.coordinated

B.corresponded

C.synchronized

D.reconciled

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組。Synchronizewith“（使）同步；（使）在時(shí)間上一致；（使）同速進(jìn)行”。句意：管弦樂隊(duì)的指揮對芭蕾舞不滿意，因?yàn)槲璧讣业奈璨脚c音樂的節(jié)奏不一致。根據(jù)語境和句意可知C為正確答案。

11.單選題

Wedon’tthinkitisagoodhabitforTomto____inaffairsthatareofnoconcerntohim.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.impart

B.ponder

C.abound

D.meddle

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.impart（~sthtosb）通知B.ponder（~about/on/oversth）仔細(xì)思考

C.abound（~with/in）充滿；富于D.meddle（~in/withsth）干涉；管閑事

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】語義銜接

【解題思路】空格處所填詞搭配的介詞為in，賓語為“與他無關(guān)的事”，并且原句對此給出的評價(jià)是“不是一個(gè)好習(xí)慣”，由此可知，D選項(xiàng)“干涉；管閑事”符合原句語義銜接。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C選項(xiàng)不符合原句語義銜接。

【句意】我們認(rèn)為Tom介入與他無關(guān)的事情不是一個(gè)好習(xí)慣。

12.單選題

Anypossibledeleterioussideeffectsofthenewdrugcannotbedeterminedby______trials;severallong-termstudieswith______identicalmethodologiesarerequired.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.baneful…germane

B.acceding…fawning

C.mitigating…stout

D.cursory...uniform

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.baneful…germane有害的，有毒的……貼切的，恰當(dāng)?shù)?，有密切關(guān)系的B.acceding…fawning加入，同意v.……奉承的，恭維的

C.mitigating…stout減輕的，節(jié)制的，和緩的……堅(jiān)決的，強(qiáng)有力的D.cursory...uniform粗略的，草率的……統(tǒng)一的，相同的

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)句子意思“新藥的任何可能的有害副作用都不能通過______試驗(yàn)確定；它需要用______相同方法進(jìn)行幾項(xiàng)長期研究”可知，兩個(gè)空格處都要填入一個(gè)形容詞，第一個(gè)空格根據(jù)句意可知，填入cursory表示“草率的”符合語境；第二個(gè)空格根據(jù)后面的identical（相同的）可知，該空格填入uniform表示“統(tǒng)一的”符合，故該題選擇D項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】新藥的任何可能的有害副作用都不能通過草率的試驗(yàn)確定；它需要用統(tǒng)一的相同方法進(jìn)行幾項(xiàng)長期研究。

13.單選題

IthoughtthatProfessorLiebermann'sspeechatthefarewellbanquetwasverymarvelous.andsodidmostoftheotherpeoplethere,tojudgefromthevigorousapplauseitreceived.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.speechatthefarewellbanque

B.verymarvelous

C.andsodid

D.tojudgefromthevigorous

E.tojudgefromthevigorous

【答案】D

【解析】語法錯(cuò)誤。非謂語動(dòng)詞錯(cuò)誤。tojudgefrom改為judgingfrom?！皌ojudgefromthevigorousapplauseitreceived”這部分在句子中作方式狀語，故需要用現(xiàn)在分詞形式j(luò)udgingfrom。

14.單選題

Workersinthefinearts（

）thoughtsandfeelingsthroughtheircreativeworks.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.transmit

B.elaborate

C.convey

D.contribute

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A項(xiàng)transmit表示“傳輸”；B項(xiàng)elaborate表示“精心制作，詳細(xì)描述”；C項(xiàng)convey表示“傳達(dá)”；D項(xiàng)contribute表示“貢獻(xiàn)”。根據(jù)句意可知，精細(xì)工藝的工人通過有創(chuàng)造性的作品來思想和感情。因此，本題選擇C項(xiàng)最符合句意。

15.單選題

Inselectingamaterialtheengineer’sinterestisinitspropertieswhichdeterminehowitwillperformundertheloadsandcondition（

）itissubject.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.where

B.which

C.inwhich

D.towhich

【答案】D

【解析】考查定語從句。由固定搭配“besubjectto”可知此處將介詞提前，因此選D。

句意：在選擇材料時(shí)，工程師感興趣的是材料在遭受負(fù)荷或者某種狀況時(shí)所表現(xiàn)出來的特性。

16.單選題

Whentwopeoplefeelthesamewayabouteachother,theirfeelingsaremutual.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.compatible

B.visible

C.reciprocal

D.typical

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。mutual表示“共同的，相互的，彼此的”；A項(xiàng)compatible“兼容的，能共處的，可并立的”，B項(xiàng)visible“明顯的，看得見的”，C項(xiàng)reciprocal“互惠的，相互的，倒數(shù)的”，D項(xiàng)typical“典型的，特有的”。句意：當(dāng)兩個(gè)人對彼此有相同的感覺時(shí)，他們的感覺是相互的。根據(jù)句意可知，C項(xiàng)的意思符合句子。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

17.單選題

Manyofthemostflexibleexamplesoftooluseinanimalscomefromprimates(theorderthatincludeshumans,apes,andmonkeys).Forexample,manywildprimatesuseobjectstothreatenoutsiders.Buttherearemanyexamplesoftoolusebyothermammals,aswellasbybirdsandothertypesofanimals.

Toolsareusedbymanyspeciesinthecaptureorpreparationoffood.Chimpanzeesusesticksandpolestobringoutantsandtermitesfromtheirhidingplaces.AmongthemostcomplextooluseobservedinthewildistheuseofstonesbyIvoryCoastchimpanzeestocracknutsopen.Theyselectalargeflatstoneasananvil(aheavyblockonwhichtoplacethenuts)andasmallerstoneasahammer,sometimescarryahaulofnutsmorethan40meterstofindasuitableanvil.Theuseoftoolsinchimpanzeesisespeciallyinterestingbecausetheseanimalssometimesmodifytoolstomakethembettersuitedfortheirintendedpurpose.Tomakeatwigmoreeffectivefordiggingouttermites,forexample,achimpmayfirststripitofitsleaves.

Surprisingly,thereisalsoaspeciesofbirdthatusesstickstoprobeholesinthesearchforinsects.OneofthespeciesofGalapagosfinch,thewoodpeckerfinch,picksuporbreaksoffatwig,cactusspine,orleafstein.Thisprimitivetoolisthenheldinthebeakandusedtoprobeforinsectsinholesintreesthatthebirdcannotprobedirectlywithitsbeak.Birdshavebeenseentocarrytwigsfromtreetotreesearchingforprey.

Toolsmayalsobeusedfordefense.Hermitcrabsgrabseaanemoneswiththeirclawsandusethemasweaponstorepeltheirenemies.Studieshavedemonstratedthatthesecrabssignificantlyimprovetheirchancesagainstpredatorssuchasoctopusbymeansofthistactic.Also,manyspeciesofforest-dwellingprimatesdefendthemselvesbythrowingobjects,includingstones,atintruders.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Accordingtothepassage,IvoryCoastchimpanzeesareamongthemostremarkableofanimaltoolusersbecausethey（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassageaboutthebehaviorofthewoodpeckerfinch?

4.Accordingtothepassage,studieshaveshownthathermitcrabsmanagetoturnoctopusawayby

（

）.

5.ForestprimatesandcertainseaanimalsarementionedinthepassageasexamplesofanimalsthatusetoolsEXCEPTfor（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Primatesaresuperiortootheranimalsinusingtools.

B.Theuseofstonesastoolsissimilaracrossdifferentanimalspecies.

C.Birdsandprimatesusetoolsthataredifferentfromthoseofseaanimals.

D.Manyanimalshavedevelopedeffectivewaysofusingtools.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.usetoolstogatherfood

B.usemorethanonetooltoaccomplishatask

C.transporttoolsfromoneplacetoanother

D.hidetheirtoolsfromotheranimals

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itusesitsbeakasaweaponagainstitsenemies.

B.Itusesthesametwigtolookforfoodindifferenttrees.

C.Itusestwigsandleavestobuilditsnest.

D.Itavoidsareaswherecactusgrows.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.attackingtheoctopuswiththeirclaws

B.usingstonesasweapons

C.defendingthemselveswithseaanemones

D.hidingunderseaplants

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.self-protection

B.foodpreparation

C.huntingprey

D.buildingnestsorhome

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。題目問的是“文章討論的主要問題是……”。文章第一段提到動(dòng)物使用工具，主要是靈長類，但也有其他一些哺乳動(dòng)物、鳥類等；第二段提到很多種類的動(dòng)物使用工具來捕捉食物；第三段提到有些動(dòng)物使用工具來挖洞或者找昆蟲；最后一段提到動(dòng)物使用工具來攻擊。由此可知選項(xiàng)D“許多動(dòng)物開發(fā)了工具的有效使用方式”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“根據(jù)文章，象牙海岸的黑猩猩是最引人注目的動(dòng)物工具使用者，因?yàn)椤薄Ｎ恼碌诙翁岬健八鼈冞x擇一塊大而平的石頭做砧板，另一塊小一點(diǎn)的石頭當(dāng)錘子，有時(shí)候會(huì)推著堅(jiān)果走到超過40米外的地方找合適的砧板”（Theyselectalargeflatstoneasananvil(aheavyblockonwhichtoplacethenuts)andasmallerstoneasahammer,sometimescarryahaulofnutsmorethan40meterstofindasuitableanvil），由此可知選項(xiàng)B“使用不止一種工具來完成任務(wù)”符合題意。

3.判斷推理題。題目問的是“下面哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)可以從文章中推斷出啄木鳥的行為”。文章第三段最后一句話提到“啄木鳥會(huì)帶著它的細(xì)枝在樹木之間飛來飛去”（Birdshavebeenseentocarrytwigsfromtreetotreesearchingforprey），可以推斷出啄木鳥這么做是為了找蟲子，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。題目問的是“根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)寄居蟹能夠把章魚趕走是通過……”。文章第四段提到“寄居蟹用鉗子抓住?？魑淦髭s跑敵人”（Hermitcrabsgrabseaanemoneswiththeirclawsandusethemasweaponstorepeltheirenemies），選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

5.推理判斷題。題目問的是“森林靈長類動(dòng)物和海洋中的某些動(dòng)物被用來作為動(dòng)物使用工具的例子，下列哪項(xiàng)不包含在內(nèi)”。文章第二段提到動(dòng)物使用工具捕食，比如黑猩猩，還有動(dòng)物用工具來準(zhǔn)備食物，比如象牙海岸的黑猩猩用石頭來砸堅(jiān)果；最后一段提到寄居蟹使用工具來趕跑敵人。由此可知只有選項(xiàng)D沒有提及，符合題意。

18.單選題

Itisnotuncommonforclosesynonymstobeunderstoodtosharethesamemeaning.Thedifferencebetweenwordslike“hard”and“difficult”,forexample,goestragicallyunnoticed.Onemayemployoneortheotherwithcompleteindifference,postulatingnodiscrepancybetweenthem.Ingeneralthisiswellandgood;mostpeoplelackthescrupulouspedanticalnesstoquibbleoversuchtrifles.Nevertheless,forthoseofuswithamplecompulsiveness（andtime）,itisofsignificantvaluetocomprehendsuchnuances.

Takeforexamplethefollowingsentences:1）Thetestwashard.2）Thetestwasdifficult.Isthedifferencebetweenthesesynonymsreadilyapparent?Isthereanoticeabledifferencebetweenthematall?Indeed,thesequestionsarevalidandwarrantanswer.For,whatwouldbethepointtohavingmultiplewordswiththeexactsamemeaning?No,thatwouldbesuperfluous;theEnglishlanguagebeingfartooeconomical.Whilemanyclosesynonymssharesimilar,ifnotthesame,dictionarydefinitions,thefeeling,ormood,theyconveyisutterlysingular.Althoughadictionarycanprovideinformationaboutwordmeanings,pronunciations,etymologies,inflectedforms,derivedforms,etcetera,itcannotcommunicatehowitfeelstouseaword.

So,ifthereisindeedatdifferencebetweenwordslike“hard”and“difficult”,whatisit?Tobegin,“hard”ispragmaticandrealistic,firmlygroundedinreality.Itisautilitarianwordthatgetsthejobdoneanddoesn’tapologizeforitsbrusque,uncouthnature.Ontheotherhand,“difficult”iseloquentandrefined.Itiscivilized,willingtoexpendtheeffortnecessarytoappearurbane.Why,themeredifferenceinsonicqualitybetweenthemisstrikingenough.“Hard”makesaquick,unassumingsound,havingbutasinglesyllable（voicedundercertaininflections,itcanevencomeacrossasharsh）,while“difficult”ismorelengthyandmelodic,itsnumberofsyllablestotalingthreetimesthatofitscounterpart.Furthermore,“hard”ismorelikelytobeusedincasual,informalcircumstances,ortocommunicateanidea“onthego”orsimplyto“getitout”asthesayingsgo.Itisusedwithoutpretense,anddoesnotmaintainafeelingofbeingoverlyconcerned.Intermsofdailyusage,“hard”maybeemployedbyanexhaustedbrickmasonwhenposedwiththequestion,“Howwasyourday?”Conversely,“difficult”maybeusedbyamilitarygeneraluponexplainingtohisorhersuperiortheprogressionofaparticularlytaxingcampaign.

Similarto“hard”and“difficult”,thewords“weird”and“strange”tooareclosesynonyms,andmayseeminglybeusedinterchangeably.Takeforinstancethefollowingsentences:1）Seamonkeysareweird.2）Seamonkeysarestrange.Contrarytopopularbelief,thesesentencesarenottautologous.Sohowdotheydiffer?Theirdictionarydefinitionsarenearlyidentical,sothedifferencedoesnotliethere.Rather,thedifferenceinvolvesthefeeling,ormood,thatthesewordsconvey.Noticethatwhile“weird”and“strange”bothhavebutonesyllable,thelatterhasaremarkablydistinguishedfeel.Similarto“hard”,“weird”conveysamorebasic,amorecrude,sentiment.Something“weird”iscrassorgross,andistypicallyundesirable.Noonewantstobeassociatedwithsomething“weird”.Iftryingtoimpresssomeone,oneprobablydoesn’twanttobecategorizedamongthe“weird”.Ontheotherhand,ifsomethingislabeledas“strange”,itisnotnecessarilybad.Rather,something“strange”issimp