論文摘要寫(xiě)作概述市公開(kāi)課金獎(jiǎng)市賽課一等獎(jiǎng)?wù)n件

1課程名稱：醫(yī)學(xué)論文摘要翻譯與寫(xiě)作課程類型：限定選修（英語(yǔ)專業(yè)）任意選修（全校其它專業(yè)）主講教師：王蘭英教授CellPhone：138373222600373-3029445課程負(fù)責(zé)院系：外國(guó)語(yǔ)言學(xué)系第1頁(yè)2（一）基本理論知識(shí)本課程主要講解科技論文英譯理論知識(shí)，包含英漢句子層面語(yǔ)言對(duì)比，語(yǔ)序?qū)Ρ?，和長(zhǎng)難句處理。掌握科技英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn)、構(gòu)詞規(guī)律、和句法特點(diǎn)。介紹翻譯基本技巧，直譯、意譯、音譯、綜合譯法。（二）基本技能經(jīng)過(guò)本課程學(xué)習(xí)和實(shí)踐，提升學(xué)生語(yǔ)言應(yīng)用能力，提升語(yǔ)言表示可讀性和準(zhǔn)確性，促進(jìn)學(xué)術(shù)交流活動(dòng)，為學(xué)生繼續(xù)深造和從事科學(xué)研究奠定良好基礎(chǔ)。（三）基本素質(zhì)提升英漢兩種語(yǔ)言應(yīng)用水平、交互翻譯能力、及兩種語(yǔ)言書(shū)面表示能力，促進(jìn)學(xué)術(shù)交流，使學(xué)術(shù)結(jié)果共享，更加好地服務(wù)于人類健康和社會(huì)進(jìn)步。一、課程目標(biāo)第2頁(yè)3

教學(xué)內(nèi)容學(xué)時(shí)學(xué)分備注第一章英文摘要概述2W1第二章醫(yī)學(xué)英語(yǔ)詞匯組成6W3第三章英文摘要文體4W2第四章論文標(biāo)題翻譯4W2二、課程課時(shí)分配第3頁(yè)4

教學(xué)內(nèi)容

學(xué)時(shí)學(xué)分備注第五章研究論文摘要翻譯4W2第六章文件綜述論文摘要翻譯4W2第七章病例匯報(bào)論文摘要翻譯2W1第八章摘要翻譯常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤4W2課程考查2

w1累計(jì)322W16課程課時(shí)分配第4頁(yè)5Lecture1:IntroductionofresearchpaperwritingsinEnglish:FormatandLanguageThecontinuingexpansionofbiomedicalliteratureisoverwhelming.AnanalysisoftheMEDLINEdatabasefoundanaverageannualincreaseof2.8%inthenumberofpublicationslistedeachyear.Bytheyearof,thetotalnumberofjournalsindexedbySCIreached7347,amongthosethereare139journalsofChina.Domestically,morethan1000biomedicaljournalsarepublishedinChinese.Manypeopleaskaboutthe“tricksofthetrade”__howtoimproveanarticletoincreaseitschancesforacceptanceinanwell-knownEnglishlanguagejournal.第5頁(yè)6語(yǔ)言、期刊數(shù)量語(yǔ)言、所占比列語(yǔ)言、所占百分比英語(yǔ)6313（85.9%）一刊多語(yǔ)種688（9.4%）德語(yǔ)84（1.1%）法語(yǔ)61（0.8%）西班牙語(yǔ)53（0.7%）葡萄牙語(yǔ)28（0.4%）波蘭語(yǔ)18（0.2%）漢語(yǔ)16（0.2%）荷蘭語(yǔ)16（0.2%）土耳其語(yǔ)14（0.2%）意大利語(yǔ)11（0.1%）日語(yǔ)11（0.1%）俄語(yǔ)8（0.1%）韓語(yǔ)7（0.1%）羅馬尼亞語(yǔ)5（0.1%）克羅埃西亞4（0.1%）塞爾維亞3（0.0%）立陶宛2思羅維尼亞2捷克語(yǔ)1丹麥語(yǔ)1烏克蘭語(yǔ)17347種SCI期刊出版語(yǔ)種分布其中中國(guó)期刊收錄被收錄有139種，包含臺(tái)灣25種生物醫(yī)學(xué)期刊排序第6頁(yè)7RankofJournalsImpactFactorsup/down1.CA:ACancerJournalforClinicians癌74.575↑2.NewEnglandJournalofMedicine新英格蘭醫(yī)學(xué)雜志50.017↓3.AnnualReviewofImmunology

/免疫年評(píng)41.059

↓4.NatureReviews:MolecularCellBiology

自然評(píng)論：分子細(xì)胞生物學(xué)35.423↑5.PhysiologicalReviews

生理學(xué)評(píng)論35

↑最新醫(yī)學(xué)期刊影響因子排序（Top12,）第7頁(yè)86.JAMA美國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)會(huì)志31.718↑7.Nature自然31.434↑8.Cell細(xì)胞31.253↑9.NatureReviews:Cancer

自然評(píng)論：癌癥30.762↑10.NatureGenetics

自然遺傳學(xué)30.259↑11.AnnualReviewofBiochemistry生物化年評(píng)30.016↓12.

NatureReviewsImmunology免疫學(xué)30.006

↑第8頁(yè)9BasicelementstogetyourpaperpublishedinEnglisha.Subjectmatter--creative,original,curious,influentialb.language–explicit,precise,freefromspellingorgrammaticalerrors,rightuseofpunctuationsc.format–conformedtotheinstructionsforauthors第9頁(yè)10ThreefundamentalmedicalTexttypesCasereportarticlesReviewarticlesResearcharticlesVariationsamongthem第10頁(yè)11Sciencewritingsaredifferentfromfiction,argumentation,prose,orpoeticwritings,orCETcompositions.Aresearchpaperisanutteranceofnarrationorexposition.Ithasaspecificformat,buttheformatisnotexactlythesame.Thereexistvariationsindifferentjournals.InU.S.,U.K.,Australia,Canadianjournals,theformatismorecomplexthanthatinChinesebiomedicalJournals,thelatteradoptedIMRADformatortraditionalabstract,asummary.第11頁(yè)12英文摘要類別與組成要素傳統(tǒng)式

Summary:covertstructureofIMRAD結(jié)構(gòu)式IMRADFormat:Objective(s):Method(s):Result(s):Conclusion(s)8-headingFormat:Objective:Design:Setting:Patients:Interventions:Mainoutcomemeasurement:Results:ConclusionBackground/Context:purpose:DataSource:StudySelectionDataExtraction:DataSynthesisConclusionsBackground/Purposes:CaseReport:ConclusionresearchreviewCasestudy第12頁(yè)13Fourbasicresearchtypesa.Clinicalresearchb.Basic/observationalresearchc.Epidemiological/cohort-basedresearchd.Operative/surgicalresearchOfcourseyouwanttochooseakeyjournalforyourpapertogethigherimpactfactor.第13頁(yè)14Top30journalsaccordingtotherankofimpactfactors

No.journal

formatNewEnglandJournalofMedicineIMRADJournalofAmericanMedicalAssociation8-headingTheLancet---U.K.IMRADAnnualReviewofMedicinenoAnnalsofInternalMedicine8-headingArchivesofInternalMedicineIMRADAmericanJournalofMedicineIMRAD第14頁(yè)15Top30journalsaccordingtotherankofimpactfactors8.BritishMedicalJournal8-heading9.Medicine(Baltimore)nospecific10.Amyloidnospecific11.

ProceedingsoftheAssociationofAmericanPhysicians---no12.JournalofFamilyPractice

8-heading13.AnnalsofMedicine

IMRAD14.JournalofGeneralInternalMedicine

8-heading15.CanadianMedicalAssociationJournal

IMRAD16.JournalofInternalMedicine

8-heading第15頁(yè)1617.ArchivesofFamilyMedicinenospecific18.JournalofInvestigativeMedicineIMRAD19.MonthlyJournaloftheAssociationofPhysicians

IMRAD20.MayoClinicProceedingsIMRAD21.AmericanJournalPreventiveMedicineIMRAD#22.EuropeanJournalofClinicalInvestigationIMRAD

23.PalliativeMedicineno.

24.ThejournalofLaboratoryandClinicalMedicine–noTop30journalsaccordingtotherankofimpactfactors第16頁(yè)17Top30journalsaccordingtotherankofimpactfactors25.TheMedicalJournalofAustralia8-heading26.BritishMedicalBulletinno27.JournalofPainandsymptomManagementno28.BritishJournalofGeneralPractice8-heading29.PreventiveMedicineIMRAD30.AmericanJournalofMedicalScienceIMRAD第17頁(yè)18TheFour-headingformatandthe8-headingformatofthestructuredabstractsIMRADformat

Eight-headingformat1.Introduction1.Objective:Questionaddressed2.Design:thebasicdesignofthestudy3.Setting:thelocationandlevelofclinicalcare2.Methods4.Patients:whoenteredthestudy5.Intervention:exacttreatmentor6.Mainoutcomemeasurement:

第18頁(yè)193.Results

7.Results:thekeyfindings4.Discussion

8.Concluson:keyconclusions_____________________________________________________________________AbstractAnabstractofyourscientificpaperisdifferentfromtheabstractsentforacongresspresentation.Whatevertheformat,besurethatthewholemessageofyourworkcomesacrossintheabstract,becausethispartofthepaperismostlikelytoberead.ComputerdatabasesuchasPubMed(美國(guó)國(guó)家醫(yī)學(xué)圖書(shū)館),Medline(醫(yī)學(xué)文件數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù))publishonlyabstracts.第19頁(yè)20Youshouldanswerthesequestionsinyourabstract:

Whydidyoustudy?(Introduction)Whatdidyoudo?(Methods)Whatanswersdidyouget?(Results)Whatdoesitmean?(Discussion)第20頁(yè)21So,vagueorincompleteabstractswillbeoverlookedbytheotherinvestigators.Componentsofanabstract(8-headingformat)Objective:Thispartshouldgiveonesentence,aprecisestatementofwhythestudywasdone,usuallyainfinitiveclause“Toinvestigatetheefficacyof…”.

Design:Typeofthestudy,e.g.doubleblindtrial,experimentalanalysis,prospective/retrospectivestudyshouldbenoted.第21頁(yè)22Setting:Tooutlinetheconditionsofthesettingismoreimportantforclinicalresearchpapers,sothatthereaderscanassesstheapplicabilityofthestudytotheirowncircumstances.Thisparagraphshouldstatewhetherthesettingwasacommunity,auniversitydepartment,etc.

Subjectsormaterial:Thetotalnumberofpatients,subjectsoranimalsselected,whichgivesthereaderanideaofgeneralizabilityoftheresults.第22頁(yè)23Interventions:Adescriptionofanyintervention,e.g.thedosageanddurationofdrugregimen.MainoutcomeMeasures:Methodsbywhichpatientswereassessedorthesuccessjudgedshouldbementioned.Results:Themainresultsshouldbegiven,togetherwithanoteofexclusionandwithdrawals.Confidenceintervalsandlevelofsignificanceshouldbeindicated.第23頁(yè)24Conclusions:Onlythoseconclusionssupportedbythedatathatarepresentedshouldbestated,followedbyashortstatementonthepossibleclinicalapplicationsofthework,bearinginmindthelimitationsofthestudy.第24頁(yè)25

PracticePointsPreparingthefirstdraft---Choosealeaderwriter---chooseaworkingtitle“Agoodtitlesellsthepaper”---followthejournal’s“instructorforauthors”---completethefirstdraftinonesetting第25頁(yè)26Gettingthemassageacross

---emphasizeinformationbyplacingitattheendofthesentenceorclause---donotprovidelengthyinformationbetweensubjectandverb---providethereaderwithcontextandperspectivebyappropriateuseoftopicposition---movethereaderonbyverbsthathaveasenseofaction第26頁(yè)27Context:Endogenoushormones（內(nèi)源性激素）areaprimarycauseofbreastcancer.Adiposity(肥胖)affectscirculatinghormones,particularlyinbreastcancer.

Objective:Toassesstheassociationsofadultweightchangesinceage18yearsandsincemenopausewiththeriskofbreastcanceramongpostmenopausalwomen.

e.g.AdultweightchangeandriskofpostmenopausalbreastcancerfromJAMA第27頁(yè)28Design,Setting,andParticipants:ProspectivecohortstudywithintheNurses’HealthStudy.Atotalof87143postmenopausalwomen,aged30to55yearsandfreeofcancer,werefollowedupforupto26years(1976-)toassessweightchangesince18years.Weightchangesincemenopausewasassessedamong49514womenwhowerefollowedupforupto24years.第28頁(yè)29MainOutcomeMeasure:Incidenceofinvasivebreastcancer.Results:Overall,4393casesofinvasivebreastcancerweredocumented.Comparedwiththosewhomaintainedweight,womenwhogained25.0kgormoresinceage18yearswereatanincreasedriskofbreastcancer(relativerisk[RR],1.45;95%confidenceinterval[CI],1.27-1.66;p<.001fortrend),withastrongerassociationamongwomenwhohavenevertakenpostmenopausalhormones(RR,1.98;95%CI,1.55-2.53).第29頁(yè)30Comparedwithweightmaintenance,womenwhogained10.0kgormoresincemenopausewereatan