必修三unit1 Festivals around the world公開課一等獎省優(yōu)質(zhì)課大賽獲獎?wù)n件

Unit1Festivalsaroundtheworld1.Festivalsaremeanttocelebrateimportanttimesofyear.節(jié)日意在慶賀一年中主要日子。Cerebrate慶賀（儀式，慶典等），祝賀（以文章、演說等）頌揚(yáng)，贊美celebrationn.慶賀，祝賀incelebrationof為了慶賀They

hissuccessandthe

lastedfourhours.（celebration）Theyheldaparty

theirfifitiethweddinganniversarycelebrate與congratulate主要差異celebrate賓語往往是節(jié)日、紀(jì)念日或事件congratulate賓語是人congratulatesbonsth/doingsth祝賀某人（做）某事2.Discusswhentheytakeplace,whattheycelebrateandwhetpeopledoatthattime.討論它們（中國節(jié)日）什么時間舉行，慶賀是什么，人們在那時做什么。takeplace發(fā)生takefirstplace取得第一名takeone’splace就坐，代替某人taketheplaceof代替inplaceof=insteadof代替Takeplace發(fā)生，舉行，指事先經(jīng)過安排事情Happen偶然發(fā)生，常帶有未能預(yù)見意思

Sthhappen(s)tosb某人發(fā)生某事Occur發(fā)生，想起

Itoccurstosbthat···某人突然想起B(yǎng)reakout戰(zhàn)爭、火災(zāi)、疾病突然暴發(fā)Comeout發(fā)生、產(chǎn)生，多用于疑問句和否定句

Doyouknowhowtheairaccidentcameout？以上表示發(fā)生動詞詞組，均為不及物動詞詞組，不能用于進(jìn)行時態(tài)，也不能用于被動語態(tài)3.Atthattimepeoplewouldstarveiffoodwasdifficulttofind,especiallyduringthecoldwintermonths.在那個時代，假如食物難以找到，尤其是在嚴(yán)寒冬月，人們就會餓死。Starve使餓死，餓得要死Starvetodeath/bestarvedtodeath餓死

Millionsofpeoplehavestarvedtodeath.Starvetodosth渴望去做某事

Hestarvestoexploretheouterspace.Starveforsth渴望取得

Thepatient’sbrainstarvedforoxygenBestarving餓極了

Whenwillthedinnerbeready?I’mstarving.be+性質(zhì)形容詞+動詞不定式句子中主語與動詞不定式之間在邏輯上是被動關(guān)系，動詞不定式仍用主動形式表示被動意義該結(jié)構(gòu)常見形容詞：easy,hard,difficult,impossible,pleasant,interesting,danderous,comfortableEg:Theproblemishardtosolve.theworkisimpossibletofinishnextmonth.誤區(qū)警示在這種句式中，動詞不定式并不強(qiáng)調(diào)主語跟他被動關(guān)系，而是表明形容詞是其動作結(jié)果為了解方便，能夠在動詞不定式前加一個邏輯主語forsbThequestioniseasyformetoanswer假如動詞不定式動詞是不及物動詞，要在動詞后適當(dāng)介詞

Theroomispleasantforustolivein.DAtogettobreatheiseasytolearncomfortabletolivein4.FortheJapanesefestivalObon,peopleshouldgotocleangravesandlightincenseinmemoryoftheirancessors.在日本盂蘭盆節(jié)，人們要掃墓，燒香，以緬懷祖先Inmemoryof紀(jì)念，追悼Haveagood/badmemoryfor對···記憶力好/差Bringbackmemories引對往事回想“In+n+of”短語Dinmemoryofinfavor/supportofinhonor/memoryofinchargeof5.Onthisimportantfeastday,peopleeatfoodintheshapeofskullsandcakeswithbonesonthem.在這個主要節(jié)日里，人們會吃制成顱骨形狀飾物和裝點(diǎn)有“骨頭“蛋糕。With復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)With+賓語+名詞Shediedwithhersonyetababy.With+賓語+形容詞/副詞/介詞短語Hesleptinthechairwiththedooropen.HeleftwithallthelightsonHecameinwithabookinhishand.With+賓語+現(xiàn)在分詞Withalocalpeopleleadingtheway,wegotthereeasily.現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動且正在進(jìn)行動作With+賓語+過去分詞Withtheproblemsolved,wefinishedtheworkontime.過去分詞表示被動且完成動作With+賓語+動詞不定式Withsomuchworktodo,Icouldn’tgowithyou.動詞不定式表示將要發(fā)生動作誤區(qū)警示W(wǎng)ith復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中，現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動且正在進(jìn)行動作，過去分詞表示被動且完成動作，動詞不定式表示將要發(fā)生動作，不過不能使用分詞完成式。Withalltheworkhavingfinished,hewenthome.Withalltheworkfinished,hewenthomeBgoingfixedopentofollowWithalotofhomeworktodo,Withallthecropsharvested6.Thewesternholidayhalloweenalsohaditsorigininoldbeliefsaboutthereturnofthespiritsofdeadpeople.西方萬圣節(jié)前夕也源自于人們古老信念，認(rèn)為亡靈者靈魂會返回人間。Belief信心，信念；信任，依賴One’sbeliefisthat(=itisone’sbeliefthat)某人相信Have(no)beliefthatin（不）相信Have/holdbeliefthat相信····Beyondbelief令人難以置信Shakeone’sbeliefin動搖某人對···信心Believeinsb=havebeliefinsb信任某人Bedifferentfrom=differfrom與···不一樣Bthatinahavebeliefinbeyondbelief7.Itisnowachildren’sfestival,whentheycandressupandgototheirneighbours’homestoaskforsweets.萬圣節(jié)前夕如今成了孩子們節(jié)日，這天他們能夠喬裝打扮去鄰居家要糖果吃。Dressup盛裝，打扮dressupas裝扮成dresssb/oneself給···穿衣服bedressedindressupdressedupasCtakeup占據(jù)，拿起makeup編造，組成turnup聲音調(diào)大8.Iftheneughboursdonotgivanysweets,thechildrenmightplayatrickonthem.假如鄰居什么糖果也不給，那么孩子們就可能捉弄他們。Trick

n.陰謀，惡作劇playatrick/trickson/uponsb捉弄某人v.坑騙，詐騙

tricksbintodoingsth騙得某人做某事

tricksboutofsth騙取某人某物鏈接cheatsbintodoingsth坑騙某人做某事cheatsboutofsth騙取某人某物foolsbintodoingsth坑騙某人做某事makefunof取笑laughat嘲笑playajoke/jokeson/uopnsb開某人玩笑9.IntheUSA,ColumbusDayisinmemoryofthearrivalofChristopherColumbusinthenewworld.美國哥倫布日是紀(jì)念克里斯托弗·哥倫布發(fā)覺新大陸節(jié)日arrivaln.到來，抵達(dá)thearrivalof···到來Onthearrivalin/at···=onarrivingin/at一抵達(dá)=assoonassbarriveOn表示“一···就···”10.IndiahasanationalfestivalonOctober2tohonourMohandasGandhi,theleaderwhohelpedgainIndia’sindependencefromBritain.印度在十月二日有個全國性節(jié)日，紀(jì)念莫罕達(dá)斯·甘地，他是幫助印度脫離英國而取得獨(dú)立領(lǐng)袖。Gainv.取得，得到，受益Hegainedexperiencefromthefailures.n.收益，贏利，財(cái)富Nopain,nogain不勞則無獲Gainareputation取得聲望Gainweight/speed/time增加體重/加緊速度/贏得時間Gainone’srepect/trust取得某人尊重/信任Gaintwominutes（鐘表）快兩分鐘Independencen.獨(dú)立，自主Gainindependencefrom脫離···而獨(dú)立Independence是以后綴-ence結(jié)尾名詞，其形容詞為independent，其后綴為-entDifference-differentIntelligence-intelligentSilence-silentDependon=relyon依靠Bedependenton依賴依靠Beindependentof獨(dú)立于，不受··約束It/Thatalldepends那得視情況而定11.Peoplearegratefulbecausetheirfoodisgatheredforthewinterandtheagriculturalworkisover.因?yàn)樵蕉Z食搜集起來了，農(nóng)活也結(jié)束了，人們都心懷感激。Gatherv.聚集，集合，收攏，采集Gatheraround聚集，集合Gathertogether聚集起來，合攏Gatherin收割，收獲Gatherup收撿起來12.Somepeoplemightwinawardsfortheirfarmproduce,likethebiggestwatermelonorthemosthandsomerooster.有些人還可能因?yàn)樗麄冝r(nóng)產(chǎn)品而獲獎，比如最大西瓜或最帥公雞Awardn.獎，獎品win/getanawardfor因?yàn)椤ぁぁざ@獎Vt.授予，給予，獎給awardsbsth=awardsthtosbaward獎品，獎勵awardsbsthreward報(bào)答，酬勞rewardsbwithsth13.ChinaandJapanhavemid-autumnfestivals,whenpeopleadmirethemoonandinChina,enjoymooncakes.中國和日本都有中秋節(jié)，這時，人們會賞月。在中國，人們還品嘗月餅。Admire贊美，欽佩，羨慕Admiresbforsth因某事而欽佩/羨慕某人admirationadmiring14.Themostenergeticandimportantfestivalsaretheonesthatlookforwardtotheendofwinterandtothecomingofspring.最富有生氣而最主要節(jié)日，就是告別冬天，迎來春天日子。energetic充滿活力，精力充沛（形容詞）energy能量（名詞）

lookforwardto期望，期待，期望lookforwardto+名詞/動名詞（-ing）lookafterlookbackonlookintolookthroughlookoutforlookuptolookdownon/upon照料回顧調(diào)查瀏覽注意，當(dāng)心，留心仰慕，尊敬瞧不起，看不起含有介詞to短語stickto堅(jiān)持objectto反對belongto屬于beusedto習(xí)慣于getdownto開始認(rèn)真做devoteto致力于leadto造成referto參考，包括payattentionto注意beaccustomedto習(xí)慣于amlookingforwardtolookforwardtotravellingBcamemeeting15.Thecountry,coveredwithcherrytreeflowers,lookasthoughitiscoveredwithpinksnow.整個國度處處是盛開櫻花，看上去就像覆蓋了一層粉紅色雪。Asthough=asif似乎，好像在look,seem等連系動詞后引導(dǎo)表語從句Itlooksasthoughheisfamiliarwiththisschool引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句Theytalkedasthoughtheyhadbeengoodfriends當(dāng)說話人認(rèn)為句子所敘述不是事實(shí)或有極少可能發(fā)生或存在時，asthough從句要用虛擬語氣asthough+普通過去式（與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反）Theladylooksasthoughsheweretwentyyearsold.asthough+過去完成時（與過去事實(shí)相反）WhyareyoutalkingtomeasifIhadbrokenthewindow?16.Peoplelovetogettogethertoeat,drinkandhavefunwitheachother.人們喜歡聚在一起吃喝玩樂。Havefun玩開心，盡情玩耍能夠客觀描述玩開心狀態(tài)，也能夠用來表示對即將度假或旅游者祝?！白Ｄ銈兺娴瞄_心”Havefunwithsb=wnjoyonselfwithsb=haveagoodtimewithsb跟某人一起盡情玩耍Havefunwithsth玩某物玩得開心Havefun（in）doingsth做某事很開心It’sgreatfuntodosth做某事很有趣誤區(qū)警示Fun只能用作不可數(shù)名詞，不能與冠詞連用，能夠用much，alotof，great等修飾。Funny為形容詞“可笑，滑稽”It’sfunny17.Festivalsletusenjoylife,beproudofourcustomsandforgetourworkforalittlewhile.節(jié)日讓我們享受生活，讓我們?yōu)樽约毫?xí)俗而自豪，還能夠暫時忘記工作中煩惱。customn.風(fēng)俗，習(xí)慣customs有時還能夠表示“海關(guān)”custom社會風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣habit個人習(xí)慣practice既能夠表示個人也能夠表示社會BCCDAAABSectionBLearningaboutLanguage名詞后綴-ation（加在動詞后）表示動作狀態(tài)或結(jié)果。

operation手術(shù)，invitation邀請，invention創(chuàng)造，contribution貢獻(xiàn)，celebration慶賀形容詞后綴-ous表示“含有···，有··特征”

dangerous危險(xiǎn)，mountainous多山形容詞后綴-al（接在名詞后）表示“像···，與···相關(guān)”

cultural文化，natural自然，national國家2.Howeverbigthefool，thereisalwaysabiggerfooltoadmirehim.再大傻瓜也會發(fā)覺比他更傻人在贊美他。fooln.愚人，白癡，受騙者makeafoolof愚弄，捉弄v.坑騙，愚弄foolsbintodoingsth坑騙某人做某事foolsboutofsth騙取某人某物

foolish傻fool/trick/cheatsbintodoingsth坑騙某人做某事fool/trick/cheatsboutofsth騙取某人某物3.Youwanttoaskyourmumforpermissiontogowithyourfriendstothecinema.你想讓你媽媽準(zhǔn)許你和朋友們一起去看電影。permission許可，準(zhǔn)許（不可數(shù)名詞）asksbforpermission/askpermissionofsb請求某人準(zhǔn)許givesbpermissiontodosth準(zhǔn)許某人做某事withone’spermission/withthepermissionofsb經(jīng)某人準(zhǔn)許withoutpermission未經(jīng)準(zhǔn)許permitv。準(zhǔn)許，許可語法知識情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞表示說話人語氣或情緒特征：有一定詞義，但不能單獨(dú)作謂語，后面接動詞原形。普通沒有些人稱和數(shù)改變多數(shù)情態(tài)動詞有現(xiàn)在時和過去時形式，如can/could,will/would,may/might.不過情態(tài)動詞“時態(tài)”并不是區(qū)分時間主要標(biāo)志。Can/could表示能力，常譯為“能，會”Icanspeakenglish。表示請求或許可，常譯為“能夠”，could表示愈加委婉地請求-Can/couldIuseyourphone？-Ofcourse,youcan表示對現(xiàn)在或過去情況推測只用于疑問句或否定句

Canshebeintheclassroomnow？No,shecan’t表示對過去情況推測結(jié)構(gòu)，用can/could+完成時Can表示理論上可能性，常譯為“有時可能會”并不包括詳細(xì)某事會發(fā)生，要表示詳細(xì)某事會發(fā)生可能性時，要用may/mightCan/beabletoCan只有現(xiàn)在時和過去時，而beableto則有更多時態(tài)改變。Beableto可有未來時和完成時Iwillbeabletohelpyoutofinishthisjob.Ihaven’tbeenabletoansweryourletterCan普通指本身含有能力，而beableto表示經(jīng)過努力后所含有能力，相當(dāng)于managetodo或succeedindoing。May/might表示請請求獲許可，常譯為“能夠”。Might語氣比may更委婉。普通疑問句必定回答可用may或can，否定回答要用mustn’t（不許）或can’t（不可能）MayIcomein？Yes,youmay/can.No,youcan’t/mustn’t表示對現(xiàn)在或過去推測may/mighthavedoneMay慣用于祈使句，表示祝福Mayyousucceed！MayGodbelssyou！Must表示”必須“用于普通疑問句，必定回答用must，否定回答用needn’t或donothavetoMustwehandinourhomeworktoday？Yes,youmustNo,youneedn’t/youdonn’thavetoMustn’t表示”不準(zhǔn)許，禁止“Youmustn’tparkhere.Must表示推測Must+動詞原形表示對現(xiàn)在或經(jīng)常發(fā)生情況作必定推測。must否定式不是mustn’t，而是can’tIthinkthenewsmustbetrue.No,itcan’tbetrueMust+have+done表示對過去情況必定推測，反義：can’thavedoneItmusthaverainedlastnight.Itcan’thaverainedlastnight.Shall/shouldshallShall用于第一人稱疑問句中，表示征求意見或請求指示shallI/we····？Shall用于第二、三人稱陳說句中，表示說話人給對方命令，警告，許諾或威脅Heshalldoithimself?。睿℡oushallfailifyoudon’tworkhard（警告）Youshallgettheanswertomorrow（許諾）Heshallbepunished（威脅）Should“應(yīng)該，有責(zé)任或義務(wù)做某事”，語氣略遜于must，跟oughttodo

基本相同。should不是shall過去式Should+have+done“過去應(yīng)該做而沒有做”

Youshouldnothavetoldherthenews.Should有時表示“詫異，意外“等情緒，譯為“竟然”。

It’sstrangethatheshouldbelate.Will/would表示請求、提議，用于第二人稱疑問句Will/wouldyou···？表示意志、愿望和決心?！霸浮⒁?。Would表示過去意愿和決心。Iwillneverdothatagain.Shesaidshewouldtakecareofthecat.表示規(guī)律性“注定會”O(jiān)ilwillfloatonwaterccBcDSectionCUsinglanguage1.Butshedidn’tturnup可是她卻不見人影。Turnup抵達(dá)，出現(xiàn)，露面聲音調(diào)大，增強(qiáng)···力量IfeelcoldandI’dliketoturntheheatupalittle。Turn+介詞/副詞turndown關(guān)小，拒絕 turnin上交turnoff 關(guān)掉 turnon打開turnover翻轉(zhuǎn) turnaround轉(zhuǎn)向turnto求援于 turnout證實(shí)是，生產(chǎn)2.Shesaidshewouldbetherat7o’clock，andhethoughtshewouldkeepherword.她說她會在七點(diǎn)抵達(dá)，他認(rèn)為她會守信用。Keepone’sword守信用，推行諾言Breakone’sword失信Eatone’sword收回序言Takebackone’sword收回某人話Haveawordwithsb與某人交談Havewordswithsb與某人吵架Inaword簡言之Inotherwords換句話說Leaveword換句話說Wordcamethat消息傳來3.Well，hewasnotgoingtoholdhisbreathforhertoapologize.哎，他不想屏息等她來道歉。Holdone’sbreath屏息，屏氣Takeadeepbreath深呼吸Loseone’sbreath喘不過氣來Outofbreath氣喘吁吁Apologizev道歉，謝罪，辯白Apoligizetosbforsth因做某事向某人道歉Apologize不能直接跟人作賓語，需要在人前加介詞to。相同使用方法詞：explain，announce，suggest，report，sayApologyn道歉，