高中英語教師研修-羅馬建筑文化課件

RomanArchitecture制作：黃希文WesternCivilizationContentsBriefIntroductionMainAchievementsCharacteristicsSummaryBriefIntroductionTheRomanswereverypracticalpeopleandweremoreinterestedinlaw,governmentandengineeringthanart.Theywerecleverarchitectsandcityplannersandwestillbenefitfromtheircontributions.TheRomansfiguredouthowtomakeconcretewhichisamixtureofsand,mineralsandsmallpebbles（礫石）.MainAchievementsAncientRomanArchitectureadoptedcertainaspectofAncientGreekArchitecture,butitaddedalotofnewarchitecturestyles.MainAchievementsAncientRomanAqueductsPantheonTriumphalArchColosseumPublicbathsRomanRoadsAncientRomanAqueductsItisoneofthemostoutstandingbuildingsleftbytheRomansintheirvastempire,andthemostimportantlandmarkofSegovia.Ithasbeenoperatingwellfornearly2000years,providingwaterforSegovia.Itwasdeclaredasanationalhistoricbuildingin1884,andwasselectedasahumanculturalheritagein1985.TheRomansconstructedaqueductstobringaconstantflowofwaterfromdistantsourcesintocitiesandtowns,supplyingpublicbaths,toilets,fountainsandprivatehouseholds.Wastewaterwasremovedbythesewagesystemsandreleasedintonearbybodiesofwater,keepingthetownscleanandfreefromnoxiouswaste.Someaqueductsalsoservedwaterformining,processing,manufacturing,andagriculture.ThewholeAncientRomanAqueductsisstillwell-preserved,with166archesand120columns.PantheonThePantheonwasbuiltin27-25B.C.byAgoliba,theson-in-lawofOctavian,thefirstemperoroftheRomanEmpire.ItisusedtoworshipthegodsofOlympia.ItisaclassicbuildingoftheAugustusperiod.DomeThedomeisthemostcharacteristicpartofthePantheon.Thedomeislarge.Thereisapaththroughwhichsunlightcanbetransmitted.Thepathisabouteightorninemetersindiameter.THEHIGHESTREPRESENTATIVE-DOMETriumphalArchAncientRomanTriumphalArchiscreatedtocelebrateavictoryinwarmonumentsbuiltout,typicallyacrosstheroadinabuildingontheindependence.ItwasdirectlytakenfromotherRomanbuildingsatthattime.Themaincontentisthelifeandachievementsoftheemperorsofalldynasties.ThefollowingisthebattlesceneofConstantinethegreat.Itis21metershigh,25.7meterswideand7.4metersdeep.ColosseumAftertheRomanEmpireconqueredJerusalem,itwasbuilttocelebratevictoriesandboastpowerfulempireofforce,theconstructionofalargearena.LargearenaoftheRomanEmpirepowerfulsymbol,showinganunusualmajesticdomineering.Itwereusedforgladiatorialcontests,publicdisplays,publicmeetingsandbullfights,thelastofwhichsurvivesinSpain.TheyareamongthemostimpressiveremainsoftheRomanempireatitsheight,andmanyofthemarestillusedforpublicdisplaysandperformances./video/BV1zJ411q7uoPublicbathsPublicbathsintheRomanarchitecturalfeatures,spatialcompositionandconstructiontechniquesofthemostcomplextype.Itismadeofmarbleandpavedwithstoneinlays.Therearemurals,statues,andutensils.Thehouseistall,dividedintotwolayers,withroundarches.It'sstablewhenyouwalkin.It'sresplendent,andcomplementsthemuralsandstatues.Inthemiddleisthebiggymwithtwofountains.Itcoverssixacresandcanaccommodate1600people.Bathingisdividedintothreekindsofcold,hotandsteam,eachoccupyingoneroom.RomanRoadsStartingfrom500BCandextendingwiththeexpansionoftheRomanRepublicandEmpire,theRomanRoadsprovidedconvenienttransportationroutesforRomanarmy,officialsandcivilians,andpromotedlandcommunicationandtrade.Theroadsaremadeupofcurvedstones.Thesestonesareintheformoffootpathshigherthantheroadssurfacetofacilitatedrainage.Theconstructiondependedonprecisesurveyingprocedures.CharacteristicsRomanarchitectureabsorbedthecharacteristicsofGreekarchitecture,andsomeinnovations,suchasstonearches,domes,etc.,bothsolidandmagnificent.Rome'srepresentativebuildingsincludeagrandarenathatcanaccommodatenearly80000spectators,awaterdiversionproject,atriumphalarch（凱旋門）tocelebratevictoryandagrandreligioussite,thePantheon（萬神廟）.SummaryRomanarchitecturegenerallythickmasonrywalls,semi-circulararch,doortrimanddrillsingledoutasthemainstructuralfeaturesofcrossvaults.Romanarchitectureblendavarietyofcomplexfunctions,mainlyrelyonahighlevelof