遼寧省鐵嶺市六校2020?2021學(xué)年高一英語(yǔ)下學(xué)期期末聯(lián)考試題【含答案】

遼寧省鐵嶺市六校2020-2021學(xué)年高一英語(yǔ)下學(xué)期期末聯(lián)題本第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷兩部分，本試卷滿分150分，時(shí)間120分鐘第一部分：聽(tīng)力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Howdoesthewomanfeel?A.Nervous. B.Sleepy. C.Confident.A【原文】W:HowwillIeversleeptonight?Tomorrow’sexamissoimportant.I’msoworriedaboutit,butIcan’taffordtobetired.M:Don’tpanic.Justcalmdown.Youhaveworkedhard,soyoushouldn’thaveanyproblems.2.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?A.Cleanhershoes. B.Buysomeshoesnow. C.Waitforthesales.C【原文】W:Theseshoesarelookingveryuntidy.EvenwhenIcleanthem,theylookbad.IthinkI’llbuysomenewonesthisafternoon.M:IfIwereyou,IwouldwaituntilSaturday.Thesalesstartthen,soyoumightgetthemcheaper.3.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whatdoesthemannormallyhaveforbreakfast?A.Eggs. B.Cheese. C.Toast.A【原文】M:Wherearetheeggs?W:We’verunout.Youcouldhavetoastforbreakfast.Wealsohavecheese.M:Ohno!YouknowhowmuchIlikemyusualbreakfast.4.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Acomputergame. B.Animaginarysituation. C.Avacationplan.B【原文】M:Jane,supposeyoulostallyourmoneywhiletakingavacationoverseas—whatwouldyoudo?W:Well,IguessI’dsellmywatchorcomputerordosomeoddjobsuntilIcouldaffordareturnplaneticket.5.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whendoestheman'strainleave?A.At3:10. B.At3:15. C.At3:30.B【原文】W:It’s3:10.Mytraindoesn’tleavefor20minutes.Doyouwantanothercoffee?M:Notime.Mytrainisgoinginfiveminutes.I’llhavetogo.W:OK.Seeyoulater.第二節(jié)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】6.Wherearethespeakers?A.Onahill. B.Onasnowmountain. C.Onavolcano.7.Whendidthebadearthquakehappen?A.10yearsago. B.50yearsago. C.100yearsago.6.C7.B【原文】M:Thisthingisn’tgoingtoerupt,isit?W:No,don’tworry.M:Whenyousaidweweregoingclimbing,Ithoughtyoumeantahillorasnowmountain.W:Relax.Ithasn’teruptedfor100yearsalthoughtherewasabadearthquakefivedecadesago.M:Thatkindofthinghappensnearvolcanoes.W:We’llbefine.I’vebeendoingthisclimbforthepast10yearsandnothinghashappened.M:Thegroundisgettingwarmer.W:Yes,whenwegettothetop,we’llbeabletolookinsideandseethesmokerising.聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】8.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Teacherandparent. B.Husbandandwife. C.Photographerandcustomer.9.Whatdoesthemanwish?A.Hehadhadhishaircut. B.Hehadbeenonatrip. C.Hehadbeeninvitedtotheparty.10.Howmanychildrendoesthemanhave?ATwogirlsandaboy. B.Twoboysandagirl. C.Threegirls.8.C9.A10.B【原文】W:OK,couldtheboyandthegirlsitatthefront?Youandyourwifeneedtostandbehindthemandsmileateachother.M:Likethis?W:That’slovely,andjustonemore.Turnyourheadslightlytotheright,madam.Great.M:Ishouldreallyhavehadahaircutforsomethinglikethis.W:Don’tworry,sir.Youbothlookfine—andthekids.Didyousayyouhaveanotherchild?M:Yes,Johnisawayonaschooltrip.SometeachersaretakingagrouptoScotland.W:Oh,verynice.I’vetakenalotofpicturesforclientsupthere.M:Soyoutravelaround,doyou?W:Yes,Idoweddingsandthatsortofthing.Peoplegetmarriedallovertheplace.M:Dotheyinviteyoutotheparty?W:Usually,yes.Ihadquitealotofverynicemeals.聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】11.Whyisthemanmakingthecall?A.Hiscomputerneedsrepairing.B.HisInternetconnectionhasfailed.C.Histelephonewentoutofservice.12.Whatwasthemandoingwhentheproblemoccurred?A.Hewaswatchingvideos. B.Hewaswritingabook. C.Hewasgivingaclass.13.HowmanylightsarethereontheInternetbox?A.One. B.Four. C.Five.11.B12.C13.C【原文】M:Hello.W:Goodmorning.HowcanIhelpyoutoday,sir?M:It’smycomputerItsuddenlywentoff.There’ssomethingwrongwiththeconnection.W:Haveyoutriedturningitoffandonagain?M:Yes,it’snotthedeviceitselfthat’sfaulty.It’stheInternetconnection.That’swhyIphonedyou.W:Iunderstand,sir,butwedohavetoask.Sometimespeoplecalluswhentheyreallyneedtorepairtheircomputer.M:Mineisfine.It’snew.Ineeditformywork,socanyougetthissortedoutquickly?W:Wewilltry,sir.Doyouusealotofvideosorcreativecontent?M:No,I’manonlineteacherandI’mrightinthemiddleofanimportantlesson.Ireallyneedtogetmyconnectionbackrightaway.W:Ofcourse,sir.CouldyoutellmehowmanylightsareshowingonyourInternetbox?M:Allofthem.W:Andaretheyallgreen?M:No.Fourofthemaregreenandoneisred.W:Ah,thefaultiswithyourtelephoneline.聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】14.Whatistheman'sproblem?A.Hehasnoideahowtostarthispaper.B.Hedoesnotknowwhichbooktoreadfirst.C.Heistoobusytofinishhisassignmentintime.15.Whatdoesthewomanthinkoftheman'stopic?A.Itistoobroad. B.Itischallenging. C.Itisinteresting.16.Whatisthemanreallymoreinterestedin?A.Biology. B.Nature. C.Photography.17.Whatdoesthewomansaythemanhastodo?A.Askasmanyquestionsaspossible. B.Develophisreadingability. C.Usethetopicassigned.14.A15.A16.B17.C【原文】M:Hi,professor.IwashopingIcouldhaveamomentofyourtimeifyou’renottoobusy.I’mhavingsomeproblemsgettingstartedonmypaperandhopingyoucouldgivemesomeadviceonhowtobegin.W:Sure.Canyouremindmewhatyourtopicis?M:ThegeneraltopicIchoseisaesthetics(美學(xué)),butthat’sasfarasI’vegot.Idon’treallyknowwheretogofromthere.W:Yeah,that’smuchtoolargeatopic.Youreallyneedtonarrowitdowninordertomakeitmoreaccessible.Otherwise,you’llbewritingabook.M:Exactly.That’swhatIwantedtoaskyouabout.Iwashopingitwouldbepossibleformetochangetopics.I’mreallymoreinterestedinnaturethanbeauty.W:I’mafraidyouhavetosticktotheassignedtopic.Still,sinceyou’reinterestedinnature,thenthatcertainlycanbeworkedintoyourpaper.We’vetalkedaboutHumebeforeinclass,right?M:Ohyeah,he’sthephilosopherwhowroteaboutwhereourideasofbeautycomefrom.W:Exactly.Isuggestyougotothelibraryandgetacopyofhisbiography.Startfromthere.M:Great.Thanksfortakingthetimetoanswermyquestions,professor.W:Ifthere’sanythingelseyouneed,pleasecometoseemeinmyofficeatanytime.聽(tīng)下面一段獨(dú)白，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】18.WhendidTexasopentheirfirstdrive-in?A.In1915. B.In1921. C.In1933.19.Whatistheadvantageofadrive-intheateraccordingtothetalk?A.Alowerticketprice. B.Abetterviewofamovie. C.Amorecomfortableexperience.20.Whydiddrive-insbecomelesspopular?A.Lesspeopleliveinthesuburbs. B.Manypeoplelostinterestinit. C.Carpricesweretoohigh.18.B19.C20.A【原文】BecauseofCOVID-19,manynewmethodsarebeingformedforsocialcommunication.However,thereisoneoldermethodthatisbecomingpopularagain.Itiscalledthedrive-inmovietheater,ormorecommonly,adrive-in.Drive-insbeganaround1915,thefirstbeinginNewMexico.Theideasoonspreadaroundthecountry.Sixyearslater,Texasopenedtheirfirstdrive-inandNewJerseyopenedtheirfirstin1933.Drive-insareawaytowatchmovieswithoutbeingpackedintoamovietheater.Drive-insplayamovieonalargescreen,usuallyinaparkinglotoranopence.Beingabletositinyourowncarandwatchamoviecanbeamorepleasantexperienceformostpeople.Unfortunately,mostdrive-insfailedinthepast20years.Becausemorepeoplemovedintothecities,thesuburbandrive-indidn’thaveareliablecustomerbase.Citiesdon’thaveopencesbigenoughtooperatethesetheaterseither.Anotherreasonisthatthehighoilpricesalsomakepeopledriveless.BeforeCOVID-19,drive-insconsistedofonly1.5%ofallmoviescreensintheUSA,whichisahugedropfromwhentheymadeupover25%duringtheirpeak.Currently,drive-insaremakingtheirreturn.Nowwithbettertechnology,themoviepicturewillbemuchbetterthanwhendrive-inswereattheirmostpopulartime.Peoplefeelsaferaboutsittingintheirowncarswhilewatching,ratherthansittinginatheater.第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從所給的A，B，C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ABesideswalkingtheredcarpetandlivingtheglamorouslife,thesecelebrities,includingAngelinaJolie,LaurenConrad,PrinceWilliamandKateMiddletonandMattDamon,areworkinghardtomaketheworldabetterplace.Readupontheircharities!AngelinaJolieIt'ssafetobetthatthemotherofsixhasheadlinedmorehumanitarianeffortsthanheractingcredits.“Icameintothisbusinessyoungandonlyworriedaboutmyownexperiences,myownpain.AnditwasonlywhenIbegantotravelandlookatlifebeyondmyhomethatIcameupwithanideatostartaworthwhileprogram,”shesaidwhenreceivingtheHumanitarianAward.LaurenConradAftertravelingtomarketsaroundtheworld,LaurenConradandherfriendfoundedTheLittleMarket,anorganizationthatworkswithfemaleartisansacrosstheglobeto“l(fā)essenpoverty,empowercommunities,andcreatesocialjustice”.“Wehavebeentravelingallovertheworldtofindlocalfemalecraftsmeninthecommunitiesandselltheirhandmadeproductsthroughouronlinestore,”Laurenwroteonherblog.PrinceWilliamandKateMiddletonInsteadofaskingtheirweddinggueststobuythemfinechinaorstocktheirwinecollection,thecouplerequestedthatdonationsbemadetotheRoyalWeddingCharitableGiftFund.AccordingtothePalace,approximately$1.7millionwasraisedthroughtheirgenerosity.MattDamonWnandGaryWhiteco-foundednon-profitW,anorganizationpioneeringsolutionstoprovidepeopleacrosstheworldwithaccesstosafewaterandsanitation(衛(wèi)生設(shè)備).“Ihopetoraiseglobalconsciousnessabouttheimportanceofthischallengeandthesolutions,”saysDamon.“IhavefourgirlsofmyownandIwantthemtobeproudoftheimpactI'mmakingintheworld.”21.Whatdothecelebritiesmentionedhaveincommon?A.Theyraisedalotofmoney. B.Theyarefamousactorsandactresses.C.Theyarecontributingtoabetterworld. D.Theyarerunningnonprofitorganizations.22.Whoismostlikelytohelpthosesufferingfromwarsanddisasters?A.LaurenConrad. B.AngelinaJolie. C.KateMiddleton. D.MattDamon.23.HowdoesTheLittleMarkethelpreducepoverty?A.Byhelpingsellwomen'shandcrafts. B.Byprovidingsafewater.C.Byteachingwomenarts. D.Bymakingdonations.21.C22.B23.A【分析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了安吉麗娜·朱莉、勞倫·康拉德、威廉王子、凱特·米德?tīng)栴D和馬特·達(dá)蒙這些名人在慈善事業(yè)上做出的貢獻(xiàn)。【21題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Besideswalkingtheredcarpetandlivingtheglamorouslife,thesecelebrities,includingAngelinaJolie,LaurenConrad,PrinceWilliamandKateMiddletonandMattDamon,areworkinghardtomaketheworldabetterplace.(除了走紅毯、過(guò)著光鮮亮麗的生活，這些名人，包括安吉麗娜·朱莉、勞倫·康拉德、威廉王子、凱特·米德?tīng)栴D和馬特·達(dá)蒙，都在努力讓世界變得更美好。)”可知，這些名人的共同點(diǎn)在于他們正在為一個(gè)更美好的世界做出貢獻(xiàn)。故選C?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“It'ssafetobetthatthemotherofsixhasheadlinedmorehumanitarianeffortsthanheractingcredits.(可以肯定的是，這位6個(gè)孩子的母親更多的是在人道主義方面的努力，而不是她的演技。)和“AnditwasonlywhenIbegantotravelandlookatlifebeyondmyhomethatIcameupwithanideatostartaworthwhileprogram(只有當(dāng)我開(kāi)始旅行，開(kāi)始觀察我的家之外的生活時(shí)，我才想到要開(kāi)始一個(gè)有價(jià)值的計(jì)劃)”可知，因?yàn)榘布惸取ぶ炖蜿P(guān)注人道主義方面的努力，所以安吉麗娜·朱莉最有可能幫助那些遭受戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)和災(zāi)難的人。故選B?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Wehavebeentravelingallovertheworldtofindlocalfemalecraftsmeninthecommunitiesandselltheirhandmadeproductsthroughouronlinestore(我們一直在世界各地尋找當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)的女工匠，并通過(guò)我們的網(wǎng)上商店出售她們的手工制品)”可知，TheLittleMarket幫助銷售女性手工藝品來(lái)減少貧困。故選A。BEveryoneshouldbesoluckyastohaveafriendlikeFranciaRaisa.OnThursday,singerandactressSelenaGomez,25,usedInstagramtoexplainwhyshewas“l(fā)ayinglow”thissummer.ShepostedaphotoofherselfinahospitalbedwithherfriendFranciaRaisaholdinghands.Shesaidsherecentlyreceivedakidneytransplantfromherbestfriendbecauseofcomplications(并發(fā)癥)fromlupus(狼瘡),anautoimmunedisease,whichmeansitistheresultoftheimmunesystemattackingnormaltissue,includingthekidneys,brain,heartandlungs.Peoplewithlupusmayfirstexperiencetiredness,jointpainoralittlebitofrash(皮疹)ontheirbodiesandcangoforalongtimebeforetheirdoctorsrealizeitismoreserious.Manypeopleseetwoorfourdoctorsbeforetherealproblemispickedup.AccordingtoDr.KyriakosKirou,roughlyathirdtoone-halfofpeoplewithlupusdevelopkidneydisease,anduptooneinfiveofthemwilleventuallyneedatransplant,sometimesbecausetheyweren’ttreatedwitheffectivedrugstopreventtheimmunesystemfromattackingthekidneys.ThoughGomezsaidthatshewas“verywellnow,”shewarnedaboutthedangersofnottakingmedicaldiagnosesseriously,likesheinitiallydid.HerInstagrampostalsocalledattentiontotwomajorhealthtopics:theneedforlivingorgandonatorsandthefactthatGomezrepresentsthreegroupsmorelikelytobediagnosedwithlupusandlupus-relatedkidneydisease.Nineoutof10peoplediagnosedwithlupusarewomen,andmostdevelopthediseasebetweentheagesof15to44.Andlupusistwotothreetimesmorecommonamongwomenofcolor,includingHinicwomen,accordingtotheLupusFoundation.RaisaisLatina,andGomez’sfatherisofMexicanorigin.Whileit’snotessentialthattheorgandonatorandreceiverbeofthesameethnicity,peoplewhoshareasimilarbackgroundsometimesarebettermatched,accordingtodatafromtheUnitedNetworkforOrganSharing.24.WhatcanwelearnaboutFranciaRaisa?A.Sheislucky.B.Sheisselfless.C.Sheisoptimistic.D.Sheisencouraging.25.Whatislupuslikeatitsearlystage?A.Itisdeadly.B.Itishardtorecognize.C.Itssymptomsarepsychological.D.Itremindsyouofakidneydisease.26.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“them”inParagraph2referto?A.Peoplewithlupus.B.Coloredwomenlupuspatients.C.Lupuspatientswithkidneydisease.D.Womenbetweentheagesof15to44.27.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytellus?A.RaisaandGomezhaveasimilarbackground.B.GomezhasfullyrecoveredthankstothekidneyfromRaisa.C.Itisvitalforthedonatorandreceivertobeofthesamerace.D.Theorganfromthedonatorofthesameracematchesthereceiverbetter.24.B25.B26.C27.D【分析】本文是一篇科普類短文閱讀。文章主要講了紅斑狼瘡是一種在初期很難識(shí)別的疾病，并有一部分狼瘡患者會(huì)發(fā)展成腎病，嚴(yán)重的需要進(jìn)行腎移植。【24題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段Shesaidsherecentlyreceivedakidneytransplantfromherbestfriendbecauseofcomplications(并發(fā)癥)fromlupus(狼瘡),anautoimmunedisease,whichmeansitistheresultoftheimmunesystemattackingnormaltissue,includingthekidneys,brain,heartandlungs.可以推斷出FranciaRaisa很無(wú)私，因?yàn)镕ranciaRaisa捐了一顆腎給SelinaGomez。故選B?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段第一句Peoplewithlupusmayfirstexperiencetiredness,jointpainoralittlebitofrash(皮疹)ontheirbodiesandcangoforalongtimebeforetheirdoctorsrealizeitismoreserious.可以推斷出，狼瘡在初期很難被識(shí)別。故選B?！?6題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)文章第二段AccordingtoDr.KyriakosKirou,roughlyathirdtoone-halfofpeoplewithlupusdevelopkidneydisease,anduptooneinfiveofthemwilleventuallyneedatransplant,sometimesbecausetheyweren’ttreatedwitheffectivedrugstopreventtheimmunesystemfromattackingthekidneys.可知，them指代前句中peoplewithlupusdevelopkidneydisease患腎臟疾病狼瘡患者。故選C?！?7題詳解】段落大意題。根據(jù)文章最后一段內(nèi)容可知，本段主要講述來(lái)自同一種族的供體器官會(huì)與接收者更好匹配。故選D。CWeathercouldpowerthenextgenerationofsmartwindows.Researchershavecreatedglassbyharvestingenergyfromwindandprecipitation(降水).Theapproachoffersanalternativetoothersmartwindowspoweredbybatteries,solarpanels,andevenstandardpoweroutlets.“Thecreationrepresentsanewkindofrenewableenergysource”,saysLimingDai,ananomaterialengineeratCaseWesternReserveUniversityinCleveland,Ohio,whowasnotinvolvedintheresearch.Smartglass,whichchangesitscharacteristicstoblockoutlightorheat,hasbeenaroundfordecades.Commonexamplesincludeglare-fightingrearview(后視)carmirrorsandwindowsthatchangecolorforenergysavingsandprivacy.Butmanyareexpensive,andpeoplearestilllookingforeco-friendlywaystopowerthewindows.Batteriesandplug-inoutletsaren’tapparently“green”,andbuilt-insolarpanelscancloudorhidepartsoftheglass.Inexperiments,theglassproducedupto130milliwattspersquaremeter,enoughtopowerapacemakerorasmartphonewhileit’sasleep,theteamreportedonlinelastmonthinACSNano.Thisoutputmightsuitmanyapplications,suchasbeingapowersourceforhomeorofficeelectronics,saysco-developerandscientistZhongWangoftheGeorgiaInstituteofTechnologyinAtlantaSincetheirfirstprojectin2012,alight-upsidewalkpoweredbyfootsteps,heandhiscolleagueshaveminiaturizedtheirgeneratorstocreateeverythingfromself-cleaningkeyboardstosensorsforsecuritysystems.ButWangandcolleaguesstillhavemoreworktodobeforethissmartglassisreadyforcommercialization.Now,theglasshasnowaytostoretheenergyitcreates.Tosolvethisproblem,Daisays,tranrentsupercapacitors(超級(jí)電容器)couldbeplacedintotheglasswithoutdecreasingvisibility.Fornow,theteamwantstoimprovetheenergyefficiencyoftheirnanogenerators.Thesetinypowerplantscanconvertabout60%ofthemechanicalenergythattheyencounterintoelectricity.“Theoutputpowerisaconstantgoal,”Wangsays.“Freeenergysurroundsus,andanythingcanhappenifyoutakecontrolofit."28.Whatisuniqueaboutthesmartglass?A.Itcanprotectprivacy. B.Itismoreexpensive.C.Itispoweredbyweather. D.Itcanblockoutlightandheat.29.Whatisthemainideaofparagraph3?A.TheresearchhistoryofZhongWang.B.TheexperimentalprocessofZhongWang.C.TheresearchtheoryofZhongWang’steam.D.TheexperimentalfindingsofZhongWang'steam.30.Whatisthedrawbackofthesmartglass?A.Itcannotsuitthesupercapacitors. B.Itcannotkeepitsproducedelectricity.C.Itcannotpowerasmartphone. D.Itcannotchangeitscoloraccordingtoweather.31.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“convert”underlinedinthelastparagraph?A.Transform. B.Consume.C.Waste. D.Reserve.28.C29.D30.B31.A【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了一種能供電的智能玻璃。該玻璃可以利用風(fēng)力和降水產(chǎn)生電能，是一種綠色環(huán)保的能源產(chǎn)品，但該產(chǎn)品仍面臨諸多問(wèn)題，如電能儲(chǔ)存問(wèn)題。【28題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Weathercouldpowerthenextgenerationofsmartwindows.Researchershavecreatedglassbyharvestingenergyfromwindandprecipitation(降水).”可知，這種新型智能玻璃的獨(dú)特之處在于它能利用風(fēng)力和降水（即天氣）獲取能量。故選C?！?9題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容尤其是該段首句“Inexperiments,theglassproducedupto130milliwattspersquaremeter,enoughtopowerapacemakerorasmartphonewhileit’sasleep,theteamreportedonlinelastmonthinACSNano.”可知，在實(shí)驗(yàn)中，玻璃每平方米產(chǎn)生高達(dá)130毫瓦的電能，足以為睡眠狀態(tài)下心臟起搏器或智能手機(jī)供電，本段主要講述了科學(xué)家ZhongWang團(tuán)隊(duì)的實(shí)驗(yàn)成果。故選D?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Now,theglasshasnowaytostoretheenergyitcreates(現(xiàn)在，玻璃無(wú)法儲(chǔ)存它產(chǎn)生的能量)”可知，這種新型玻璃的缺點(diǎn)是不能儲(chǔ)存它所發(fā)的電。故選B?！?1題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)“theteamwantstoimprovetheenergyefficiencyoftheirna-nogenerators(目前，該團(tuán)隊(duì)希望提高納米發(fā)電機(jī)的能源效率。)”和“about60%ofthemechanicalenergythattheyencounterintoelectricity.(大約60%的機(jī)械能轉(zhuǎn)化為電能。)”可知，此處指這種發(fā)電機(jī)能把別的能量轉(zhuǎn)化成電能。由此可以猜測(cè)，convert為“轉(zhuǎn)化”之意。故選A。閱讀理解通常都會(huì)出現(xiàn)詞義猜測(cè)題，要求考生從上下文理解中概括出生詞或短語(yǔ)的詞義。考生作此類題型時(shí)，首先要找到所猜測(cè)詞所在文章的位置，然后在理解文章大意的基礎(chǔ)之上，對(duì)此詞前后句反復(fù)研讀，最后根據(jù)前后句猜測(cè)出詞義。例如小題4要求猜測(cè)出convert的含義，就是根據(jù)此句根據(jù)“theteamwantstoimprovetheenergyefficiencyoftheirna-nogenerators(目前，該團(tuán)隊(duì)希望提高納米發(fā)電機(jī)的能源效率。)”和“about60%ofthemechanicalenergythattheyencounterintoelectricity.(大約60%的機(jī)械能轉(zhuǎn)化為電能。)”可知，此處指這種發(fā)電機(jī)能把別的能量轉(zhuǎn)化成電能。由此可以猜測(cè)，convert為“轉(zhuǎn)化”之意。DBytheendofthecentury,ifnotsooner,theworld’soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate,accordingtoanewstudy.Attheheartofthephenomenonlietinymarinemicroorganisms(海洋微生物)calledphytoplankton.Becauseofthewaylightreflectsofftheorganisms,thesephytoplanktoncreatecolourfulpatternsattheoceansurface.Oceancolourvariesfromgreentoblue,dependingonthetypeandconcentrationofphytoplankton.Climatechangewillfuelthegrowthofphytoplanktoninsomeareas,whilereducingitinotherspots,leadingtochangesintheocean’sappearance.Phytoplanktonliveattheoceansurface,wheretheypullcarbondioxide(二氧化碳)intotheoceanwhilegivingoffoxygen.Whentheseorganismsdie,theyburycarboninthedeepocean,animportantprocessthathelpstoregulatetheglobalclimate.Butphytoplanktonarevulnerabletotheocean’swarmingtrend.Warmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth,sincetheyneednotonlysunlightandcarbondioxidetogrow,butalsonutrients.StephanieDutkiewicz,ascientistinMIT’sCenterforGlobalChangeScience,builtaclimatemodelthatprojectschangestotheoceansthroughoutthecentury.Inaworldthatwarmsupby3℃,itfoundthatmultiplechangestothecolouroftheoceanswouldoccur.Themodelprojectsthatcurrentlyblueareaswithlittlephytoplanktoncouldbecomeevenbluer.Butinsomewaters,suchasthoseoftheArctic,awarmingwillmakeconditionsriperforphytoplankton,andtheseareaswillturngreener.“Notonlyarethequantitiesofphytoplanktonintheoceanchanging.”shesaid,“butthetypeofphytoplanktonischanging.”Andwhydoesthatmatter?Phytoplanktonarethebaseofthefoodweb.Ifcertainkindsbegintodisappearfromtheocean,Dutkiewiczsaid,“itwillchangethetypeoffishthatwillbeabletosurvive.”Thosekindsofchangescouldaffectthefoodchain.Whatevercolourchangestheoceanexperiencesinthecomingdecadeswillprobablybetoogradualandunnoticeable,buttheycouldmeansignificantchanges.“It’llbeawhilebeforewecanstatisticallyshowthatthechangesarehappeningbecauseofclimatechange,”Dutkiewiczsaid,“butthechangeinthecolouroftheoceanwillbeoneoftheearlywarningsignalsthatwereallyhavechangedourplanet.”32.Whatarethefirsttwoparagraphsmainlyabout?A.Thevariouspatternsattheoceansurface.B.Thecauseofthechangesinoceancolour.C.Thewaylightreflectsoffmarineorganisms.D.Theeffortstofuelthegrowthofphytoplankton.33.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“vulnerable”inParagraph3probablymean?A.Sensitive. B.Beneficial. C.Significant. D.Unnoticeable.34.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Phytoplanktonplayadecliningroleinthemarineecosystem.B.Dutkiewicz’smodelaimstoprojectphytoplanktonchanges.CPhytoplanktonhavebeenusedtocontrolglobalclimate.D.Oceanswithmorephytoplanktonmayappeargreener.35.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Toassesstheconsequencesofoceancolourchanges.B.Toanalysethecompositionoftheoceanfoodchain.C.Toexplaintheeffectsofclimatechangeonoceans.D.Tointroduceanewmethodtostudyphytoplankton.32.B33.A34.D35.C【分析】本文為一篇說(shuō)明文。一項(xiàng)最新研究表明，由于氣候變暖，世界海洋將會(huì)變得更藍(lán)、更綠。這一現(xiàn)象的原因是因?yàn)橐环N叫做浮游植物的微小海洋微生物，因?yàn)楣饩€反射的作用，它們?cè)诤Ｑ蟊砻嫘纬闪宋孱伭膱D案，現(xiàn)在浮游植物受到海洋變暖趨勢(shì)的影響，讓浮游植物的生長(zhǎng)更加旺盛，所以海洋相應(yīng)會(huì)變得更藍(lán)、更綠?！?2題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段Bytheendofthecentury,ifnotsooner,theworld’soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate,accordingtoanewstudy.可知，一項(xiàng)新的研究表明，到本世紀(jì)末，由于氣候變暖，如果不盡快的話，世界上的海洋將會(huì)變得更藍(lán)、更綠。結(jié)合第二段Attheheartofthephenomenonlietinymarinemicroorganisms(海洋微生物)calledphytoplankton.Becauseofthewaylightreflectsofftheorganisms,thesephytoplanktoncreatecolourfulpatternsattheoceansurface.Oceancolourvariesfromgreentoblue,dependingonthetypeandconcentrationofphytoplankton.可知，這種現(xiàn)象的核心是一種叫做浮游植物的微小海洋微生物，在光線的作用下在海洋表面形成了五顏六色的圖案。海洋的顏色從綠色到藍(lán)色不等，這取決于海洋的類型和浮游植物濃度。由此可推斷出這兩段主要敘述了海洋生物是海洋顏色變化的原因。故選B?！?3題詳解】猜測(cè)詞義題。根據(jù)劃線詞后的Warmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth,sincetheyneednotonlysunlightandcarbondioxidetogrow,butalsonutrients.可知，氣候變暖會(huì)改變海洋的主要特征，并會(huì)影響浮游植物的生長(zhǎng)。由此可判斷，浮游植物很容易受到海洋變暖趨勢(shì)的影響，也就是很敏感。故A項(xiàng)正確?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段Themodelprojectsthatcurrentlyblueareaswithlittlephytoplanktoncouldbecomeevenbluer.Butinsomewaters,suchasthoseoftheArctic,awarmingwillmakeconditionsriperforphytoplankton,andtheseareaswillturngreener.可知，Dutkiewicz的模型預(yù)測(cè)，目前只有少量浮游植物的藍(lán)域可能會(huì)變得更藍(lán)。但是在一些水域，比如北極，氣候變暖會(huì)使浮游植物的生長(zhǎng)條件更加成熟，而這些水域會(huì)變得更綠了。由此可推斷，浮游植物的生長(zhǎng)條件更加成熟，浮游動(dòng)植物就更多了，這些水域會(huì)變得更綠了。故D項(xiàng)正確?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。第一段提出文章的主旨Bytheendofthe