高考英語二輪專題非謂語動詞-課件

非謂語動詞

一：巧解分詞作狀語

口決：邏輯主謂用現(xiàn)分；邏輯動賓用過分；沒有邏輯用獨立；分謂同時一般式；分前謂后完成式；正在被動beingdone；完被須用havingbeingdone解析：1.邏輯主謂用現(xiàn)分:當句中主語與分詞存在邏輯主謂關(guān)系,即分詞所表示的動作實際是主語發(fā)出的,此時應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語,e.g:①Climingtothetopofthetower,wesawabeautifulview.②Havingwrittendownournamesandaddresses,thepolicemandismissedus.③Hewentoutshuttingthedoorbehindhim.④Heranuptoherbreathingheavily.2.邏輯動賓用過分:即分詞與句中主語存在邏輯動賓關(guān)系，也就是說，主語是被動的或主語邏輯上是分詞的賓語則應(yīng)用過去分詞作狀語，eg：①Defeated，heranaway.②Seenfromthehill,theparklooksbeautiful.③Oncepublished,thisdictionarywillbeverypopular.④Givenmoretime,wecoulddoitbetter.⑤Hecameinfollowedbyadog.3.沒有邏輯用獨立:指分詞與句中主語既不存在邏輯主謂關(guān)系,也不存在邏輯動賓關(guān)系,此時分詞前要加上它的邏輯主語,所加上的邏輯主語與分詞存在邏輯主謂關(guān)系則用現(xiàn)在分詞,所加上的邏輯主語與分詞存在動賓關(guān)系則用過去分詞,eg:①Theboyrushedintotheclassroom,hisfacecoveredwithsweat.②Allthingsconsidered,yourarticleisofgreatervaluethanhers.③Weatherpermitting,weshallgoouting.④Timepermitting,weshallgotothecinemawithyou.⑤Myworkhavingbeenfinished,Iwenthome.⑥Homeworkfinished,hewenttobed.⑦Thedarkcloudshavingdisappeared,thesunshoneagain.⑧Thequestionbeingsettled,wewenthome.⑨Thistaskfinished,wewenttohavedinner.⑩Thesunhavingrisen,thefogsoondisappeared.注⒈分詞的獨立結(jié)構(gòu)前可用with/without,eg.①Withoutanymoneyleft,hehadtoborrowsomefromhisfriends.②Withhimsittingnexttoher,shefeltsafe.③WithJohnleadingus,wemanagedtogetoutoftheforest.④Withoutanyonenoticing,hecamein.⑤Hecamebackwithabasketfilledwitheggs.注⒉獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)還有下列幾種形式:⑴邏輯主語＋形容詞①Hewalkedoutoftheroom,hisfaceredwithanger.②Tomewalkedintotheroom,hisfacepalewithillness.③Johnwalkedpastme,hisheadhighinthesky.⑵邏輯主語＋副詞①Thefilmover,weleftthecinema.②Nobodyin,thethiefbrokeintothecinema.③Theprogrammeon,thechildrenstoppedtalking.④Themeetingover,theyleftthehall.⑶邏輯主語＋介詞短語①Theprofessorenteredtheroom,bookinhand.②Thewomansatattheroom,boyinarm.〔也可用with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu):withaboyinherarm〕⑷邏輯主語＋不定式①Herearethebooks,thepenstocomenextweek.②Alltheworkersleftthefactory,astriketostart.③〔2005湖南〕Isendyou100dollarstoday,therest____inayear.A.followsB.followedC.tofollowDbeingfollowed⑸邏輯主語＋名詞①Hefoughtagainstthetiger,astickhisonlyweapon.②Thefarmerisdiggingawell,apickhisonlytool.⑹Therebe存在句,也可構(gòu)成獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu),eg.Therebeingnobus,theyhadtowalkhome.〔獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)與分詞作狀語表伴隨、表方式、表原因、表時間等〕注⒊需強調(diào)三點:1〕狀語從句或并列結(jié)構(gòu)改為獨立結(jié)構(gòu)時,不再保留連詞,eg.Whentheclasswasover,thestudentsleft.→Theclassover〔beingover〕,thestudentsleft.2〕帶with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)改為獨立結(jié)構(gòu)時,不再保留with,也不再保留復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中名詞前的冠詞與物主代詞,eg.Theteachercamein,withabookinhishand.→→Theteachercamein,bookinhand.3〕獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中的being/havingbeen在下列情況下不能省:

①邏輯主語是代詞時:eg.ItbeingSunday,wewentshopping.②Therebe＋名詞時:eg.Therebeingnobus,wewenthomeonfoot.4.分謂同時一般式:分詞所表示的動作與謂語所表示的動作是同時發(fā)生或緊接著發(fā)生的則只用v-ing式:①Takingadeepbreath,theydivedintothewater.②Notknowinghertelephonenumber,Icouldn’tringherup.③Beingill,shedidn’tgotoschooltoday.④Hearingthegoodnews,hejumpedwithjoy.⑤Walkinginthestreet,Isawafriendofmine.5.分前謂后完成式:分詞所表示的動作比謂語所表示的動作發(fā)生得要早,則用havingdone式:eg.①NotHavingreceivedananswer,Iwrotetoheragain.②Havingfinishedhiswork,Henrywenthome.6.正在被動beingdone:指句中主語與分詞是邏輯動賓關(guān)系且正在進行則用beingdone,eg.①Beingrepaired,thecarcannotbeused.②Beingpainted,thechaircannotbesaton.7.完被須用havingbeendone:指句中主語與分詞是邏輯動賓關(guān)系且分詞所表示的動作比謂語所表示的動作發(fā)生得要早,則用havingbeendone,

eg.①Havingbeenaskedtostay,Icouldnotverywellleave.②Havingbeengivensuchagoodchance,howcouldyouletitslipaway?③Havingbeenwashed,theclothesweretakenaway.④Havingbeencheated,theoldmandidnotbelieveinher.

試做下列各題:1._____thegeneralstateofhishealth,itmaytakehimawhiletorecoverfromtheoperation.A.GivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.Havinggiven2.____time,he’llmakeafirst-classtennisplayer.A.HavinggivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.GivenAD3._____suchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver.A.HavingsufferedB.SufferingC.TosufferedD.Suffered4.Findinghercarstolen,_____A.apolicemanwasaskedtohelpB.theareawassearchingthoroughlyC.itwaslookedforeverywhereD.shehurriedtoapolicemanforhelp5._____inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.LosingB.HavinglostC.LostD.ToloseADC6._____in1636,HarvardisoneofthemostfamousuniversityintheUnitedStates.BeingfoundedB.ItwasfoundedC.FoundedD.Founding7.Theteacherenteredtheclassroom,___bythestudents.followingB.followedC.followD.byfollowed8.___moretime,I’llworkoutallofthemathsproblems.A.GivenB.GivingC.TogiveD.Gave9.___fromthespace,thegreatwalllookslikeadragon.A.HavingseenB.SeeingC.SeenD.Tosee10.___thatitwasgoingtosnow,theclimbersdecidedtoputofftheirattemptonthehighestpeak.A.HavingbeentoldB.HavingtoldC.ToldD.TellingCBACA11.Sheisupstairs____letters.writesB.iswritingC.writeD.writing12.“Can’tyouread？”Marysaid____tothenotice.angrilypointingB.andpointC.angrilypointedD.andangrilypointing13.Thepoorboylookedtotherightandtotheleft,____wheretogo.A.notknowingB.nottoknowC.didn’tknowD.notbeingknown14.____anythingabouttheaccident,hewenttoworkasusual.A.NotknownB.KnownnotC.KnowingnotD.Notknowing15._____,theplayerstriedtheirbesttowinthegamefortheircountry.A.GreatlyencouragedB.HavinggreatlyencouragedC.TobegreatlyencouragedD.GreatlyencouragingDAADA16.___intheheavyrain,helooksveryugly.CatchingB.CaughtC.BeingcaughtD.Havingcaught17.____inred,shelooksmorebeautiful.A.DressingB.DressedC.HavingdressedD.Beingdressed18.____there,helooksupinthesky.A.SeatingB.SeatedC.HavingseatedD.Beingseated19.___fromhisappearance,hewasveryangry.A.JudgingB.JudgedC.BeingjudgedD.Havingjudged20.____thatmistakeonce,Ishallnotmakethemistakeagain.A.MakeB.TomakeC.MakingD.HavingmadeBBBAD21.___thattherewasanaccidentahead,thebusdriverchangedcourse.A.WarningB.HavingwarnedC.TobewarnedD.Havingbeenwarned22.ThevisitingMinisterexpressedhissatisfactionwiththetalks,____thathehadenjoyedhisstayhere.A.havingaddedB.toaddedC.addingD.added23.Hestood____againstthewall.A.leanedB.leaningC.leansD.andlean24.___John,Iaskedwherehewas.A.NotseenB.NotseeingC.NoseeingD.Didn’tsee25.___fromhisaccent,theboymustcomefromHenan.A.JudgingB.JudgedC.HavingjudgedD.HavingbeenjudgedDCBBA26.___tostayinBeijing,theboydecidednottoreturntohisvillage.A.HavingbeentoldB.ToldC.TellingD.Beingtold27.Although___bytheclimb,hecontinuedhisjourney.A.exhaustedB.exhaustingC.wasexhaustedD.beingexhausted28.It___nowprettylate,wetookourcandleandwenttoourroomA.beingB.isC.turnedD.was29.___afineday,wedecidedtogoouting.HavingbeenB.WhatC.BeingD.Itbeing30.Hewasdoinghishomework,____aside.sittingB.hisfathersittingC.hisfathersatD.hisfathersitsAAADB31〔2005全國卷Ⅰ〕Thestormleft,___alotofdamagetothisarea.A.causedB.tohavecausedC.tocauseD.havingcaused32.

〔2005全國卷Ⅲ〕Whilwatchingtelevision,____A.thedoorbellrangB.thedoorbellringsC.weheardthedoorbellringD.weheardthedoorbellrings33.

〔2005山東卷〕Oilpriceshaverisenby32percentsincethestartoftheyear,____arecordUS＄57.65abarrelonApril4.A.havereachedB.reachingC.toreachD.tobereaching34.

〔2005福建卷〕When___help,oneoftensays“Thankyou.”or“It’sverykindofyou.”A.offeringB.toofferC.tobeofferedD.offeredDCBD35.

〔2005重慶卷〕Daddydidn’tmindwhatweweredoing,aslongasweweretogether,_____fun.hadB.haveC.tohaveD.having析:當多個動詞連用時,如果沒有連詞連接的動詞,則用非謂語動詞形式,用v-ing作伴隨狀語或補充說明。36〔2005湖南卷〕____inawhiteuniform,helooksmorelikeacookthanadoctor.DressedB.TodressC.DressingD.HavingdressedDA37.Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,___itthemostpopularsportintheworld.A.makingB.makesC.madeD.tomake38.TheOlympicGames,____in776B.C.,didn’tincludewomenplayersuntill1912.firstplayingB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayedD.tobefirstplaying39.WhenIgothome,Isawamessagepinnedtothedoor____“Sorrytomissyou;willcalllater.”readB.readsC.toreadD.readingACD二:過去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式的比較：1.及物過去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞的一般被動式都有被動意義，有時二者無甚區(qū)別，如下面兩句有無being皆可：①

This〔being〕done，Isetaboutcleaningthewindows.②〔Being〕seizedwithasuddenfear,shegaveascream.③〔Being〕askedtosingasongforthem,shecouldn’tverywellrefuse.2.有時有區(qū)別,eg.①Isawthenetbeingdrawnin.我看見魚網(wǎng)正在被拉上來。

〔beingdrawnin表正在進行的動作

〕

②Isawthenetdrawnin.我看見魚網(wǎng)被拉了上來。

〔

過去分詞drawn表已經(jīng)的完成動作

〕

3.過去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞的完成被動式在意義上無甚區(qū)別,eg.〔Havingbeen〕weakenedbysuccessivestorms,thebridgewasnolongersafe.這橋?qū)沂鼙╋L(fēng)雨的摧殘,已不安全了。但有時用過去分詞會有歧義，eg.Askedtostay,Icould’tverywellleave.我被邀請留下,遂不便離開。此句中的過去分詞asked，可能意味著havingbeenasked，也可能意味著when/sinceIwasasked，但如果用

havingbeenasked

則不會有歧義了。三.分詞作定語:被修飾的詞是分詞的邏輯主語,當邏輯主語是分詞所表示的動作的執(zhí)行者時,即存在邏輯主謂關(guān)系,則用現(xiàn)在分詞;當邏輯主語是分詞所表示的動作的承受者時,即存在邏輯動賓關(guān)系,則用過去分詞。eg.①Doyouknowtheboylyingunderthetree?②MostoftheartistsinvitedtothepartywerefromSouthAfrica.分詞作定語相當于一個定語從句。上面例句可分別為：Doyouknowtheboywhoislyingunderthetree?MostoftheartistswhowereinvitedtothepartywerefromSouthAfrica.注:現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式havingdone不作定語試做:①〔2000北京春〕Thepicture___onthewallispaintedbymynephew.havinghungB.hangingC.hangsD.beinghung②

Thefirsttextbooks____forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.A.havingwrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.written四.分詞作賓補時,賓語是分詞的邏輯主語。當賓語是分詞表示的動作的執(zhí)行者，用現(xiàn)在分詞;當賓語是分詞所表示的動作的承受者時,即存在邏輯動賓關(guān)系,則用過去分詞。e.g.①Itwassocoldthattheykeptthefireburningallnight.

②Hehadhislegbrokeninthematchyesterday.BD五.不定式考點:（一）不定式的語篇省略:試做:①

Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim_____.A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotdo②

--I’llbeawayonabusinesstrip.Wouldyoumindlookingaftermycat?--Notatall,________.I’venotimeB.I’drathernotC.I’dlikeitD.I’dbehappytoAD③

--Alice,whydidn’tyoucomeyesterday?--I_____,butIhadanunexpectedvisitor.A.hadB.wouldC.wasgoingtoD.did

④

--DoesyourbrotherintendtostudyGerman?--Yes,heintends_____./B.toC.soD.that在上文意思清楚的語境中，為避免重復(fù)，to后的內(nèi)容常省略，只保留不定式符號to，這就是不定式的語篇省略。它是高考的重點、熱點，常見于：1.在beglad/happy/afraid/sureto結(jié)構(gòu)之后,eg.--Wouldyoucometodinnerwithme?---I’dbehappyto.

CB2.動詞不定式在動詞ask/tell/force/invite/order等后作賓補時,eg.①Ifhedoesn’twanttogothere,youneedn’tforcehimto.②Don’tcomeinunlessyouaretoldto.3.在wouldliketo,usedto,haveto,oughtto,begoingto,beableto等結(jié)構(gòu)之后作復(fù)合謂語時,eg.①Hewillcometothemeetingifheisableto.②--DoesMr.Johnlivehere?--No,butheusedto.③--ShouldIstartatonce?----Yes,yououghtto.4.不定式在動詞want/hope/expect/try/agree/intend等后作賓語時,eg.①Youcanborrowmypenifyouwantto.②--Didyougotoseeyourteacher?--Ihadwantedto,butIwastoobusy.5.不定式之后的動詞是be或havedone時,to后的be或have與to一起保留,eg.①Chinaisnolongerwhatsheusedtobe.②--HaveyoutoldAllenabouttheconcert?--Sorry,butIoughttohave.6.不定式是完成式的被動語態(tài)havebeendone時，havebeen一起保留，eg.--Yourhomeworkshouldhavebeenhandedinyesterdayafternoon.--Yes,Iknowitoughttohavebeen.六.動詞不定式不帶to的情況:1.在一“感”（feel）二“聽”（hear/listento）三“讓”（let/make/have）四“看”（lookat/see/watch/notice＋observe）感知動詞和使役動詞后,動詞不定式作賓補時,不帶to,eg.①Ihaveheardhimspeakaboutyouoften.②MarysawJohncrossthestreet.③Ifeltmyheartbeatfast.④Nowletmehearyouplaytheguitar.⑤I’llhavemysisterhelpyouwithyourhomework.⑥Youmustmakehimunderstandthat.注1.它們用于被動語態(tài)時（let/have無被動語態(tài)）,則要帶to。eg.①Shewasheardtosingasonginthenextroom.②Johnwasseentocrossthestreet.③Hewasmadetoworkfrommorningtillnight.注2.get/leave也有“讓”“叫”之意，但它們之后的不定式要帶to，eg.①I’llgethimtodoitagain.②I’llleaveyoutosettlealltheproblems.2.在hadbetter/hadbest/hadrather/hadsooner/wouldrather（寧愿/最好）之后的不定式不要帶to，eg.①I’dratherstopheresoon.②I’dsoonerstayathome.3.連接詞組wouldrather…than…,ratherthan（不顧/而不）之后的不定式不帶to，常見結(jié)構(gòu)有：①wouldratherdosth.thandosth.Iwouldrathergothanstay.②Ratherthandosth.,主語＋woulddosth.Ratherthangoouting,shewouldstayathome.③prefertodosth.ratherthandosth.＝ratherthandosth.,主語＋prefertodosth.IprefertowatchTVratherthangotothecinema.＝

Ratherthangotothecinema,IprefertowatchTV.④insistondoingsth.ratherthandosth.Heinsistsongoingbacktohisworkratherthanstayinhospital.＝Ratherthanstayinhospital,heinsistsongoingbacktohiswork⑤may/might（just）aswelldosth.還是……的好Youmayjustaswelltellmethetruth.⑥wouldsoonerdosth.thandosth.寧愿……而不愿……Jimwouldsoonerdiethansurrender.⑦wouldjustassoondosth.asdosth.寧愿……而不愿……Iwouldjustassoonstayathomeasgowithyou.4.在will/wouldyouplease…中,不定式不帶to,eg.①Willyoupleaselendmethebook?②Wouldyoupleasegivehimamessagewhenyouseehim?5在“why…”/“whynot…”一類表示提出忠告或建議的句型中,不定式不帶to,eg.①Whyturnoffthegas?②Whynotlookitupinthedirection?6.在can’tbut（不得不,不會不,不能不）can’tchoosebut（只好）can’thelpbut（不得不）之后的不定式不帶to,eg.①Whenthecountrycallsyouforhelp,youcan’tbutgo.②Ican’tchoosebutattendthemeeting.③It’sraininghard,Ican’thelpbutstayathome.7.在1〕主語＋donothing/everything/anythingbut/except＋動原

2〕主語＋havenothing/anythingtodobut＋動原

3〕Thereisnothing（left）todobut/except＋動原4〕主語＋havenochoicebuttodoeg.①Shecoulddonothingbutcry.②Thereisnothingtodobutwaituntiltherainstops.③Whatdoyouliketodobesidesswim?④Ihavenochoicebuttogowithyou.用語言描述為:在介詞but/except/besides之后可跟不定式作賓語,如果它們前面有行為動詞do的形式,則其后的動詞用原形,否則要帶to.8.在“l(fā)etgo（放開）”/“makebelieve（假裝）”

/“makedo（設(shè)法應(yīng)付,湊合著用）”等固定結(jié)構(gòu)中,不帶to,eg.①Let’smakebelievewehaveahouse.②Heletgohisdog.③Thisdeskisnotwhatwewanted,butwemustmakedo.9.當主語是由“all＋定語從句”“thing＋定語從句/不定式”“what從句”時，且含有do的形式，如果是不定式作表語，不定式可省to也可不省，但考試時常考不帶to，eg.①Allthatwehavetodois（to）practicespeakingEnglisheveryday.②Whatwehavetodois（to）practicespeakingEnglisheveryday.③Thefirstthingtodois（to）cleantheroom.④ThefirstthingZhouLandidwas（to）gouptohertrainerandthankherforherhelp.⑤

WhatI’lldois（to）tellherthetruth.⑥WhatIreallywantedtodowasdriveallnight.以下特別注意：①

Whatthechildisdoingis____amodelplane.A.makeB.madeC.