2021年高考英語真題和模擬題分類匯編專題17閱讀理解七選五【含答案】

專題17閱讀理解說明類七選五I、2021年高考真題試卷（全國甲卷·閱讀理解·七選五）Swap,Don’tshop!Youkeephearingaboutrecycling,right?Butitdoesn'tendwithbottles,cans,andpaper.Clothingtakesahugeamountofnaturalresources（資源）tomake,andbuyingloadsofnewclothing（orthrowingoutoldclothing）isnothealthyfortheenvironment.Sowhattodowithallthoseperfectly-good-but-you're-maybe-a-little-sick-of-themclothespiledonyourbedroomfloor?____16____.It'sthebestwaytogetridofyourusedclothes,scoreclothesfromyourfriends,andhaveapartyallatthesametime.Asuccessfulsontheselectionofclothes,theorganizationoftheevent,and,obviously,howmuchfunishad.It'sreallyeasytodo!Hereareafewpointers.●Invite5—10peoplesoyouhaveaniceselection.____17____,andtheremaynotbeenoughthingstochoosefrom;morethanthat,anditbecomesuncontrollable.●____18____.Theyshouldalsoprepareplentyofreusablebagstocarrytheir"new"clotheshome.room.____erenttypesofclothingondifferentsurfacesintheroom.____19____.Placeafewmirrorsaroundyourroomsopeoplecanseehowthingslookwhentheytrythemon.Oneofthegroundrulesofthesbethateveryonemusttryontheclothesbeforetheytakethem—thingsalwayslookdifferentwhenyouputthemon.●Setastartingtime.Maybeyousay“go,”orturnonacertainsong,orwhatever.____20____.Anddon'tforgettoputoutsomecookiesandfruits.Remember,it'saparty!ALesspeoplethanthatB.HoldaclothingswapC.IftwopeoplearecompetingD.JustkeepmusicplayingthroughoutE.DonatewhateverclothesareleftoverF.HaveeveryoneputtheirclothesintherightspotsG.Telleveryonetobringcleanclothesingoodcondition16.B17.A18.G19.F20.D這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了通過衣物交換來處理舊衣服的方法——衣物交換派對，以及一些具體的流程。16.根據(jù)上文“Sowhattodowithallthoseperfectly-good-but-you're-maybe-little-sick-of-themclothespiledonyourbedroomfloor?（那么，該如何處理那些堆在臥室地板上的（看起來）完好但你可能有點(diǎn)厭倦的衣服呢？）”提出關(guān)于如何解決舊衣物的問題。下文“It'sthebestwaytogetridofyourusedclothes,scoreclothesfromyourfriends,andhaveapartyallatthesametime.（這是扔掉舊衣服、從朋友那里買衣服、同時(shí)開派對的最好方法。）”提到了具體處理舊衣物的方法。所以空白處應(yīng)起承上啟下的作用，承接上文講到的問題，啟下提出的方法。因而空白處是提出了一種處理舊衣物的好方法。B項(xiàng)“Holdaclothingswap.（進(jìn)行衣物交換。）”給出了一種處理舊衣物的方法，承上啟下，符合語境。故選B項(xiàng)。17.根據(jù)上文“Invite5-10peoplesoyouhaveaniceselection.”（邀請5到10個(gè)人，這樣你就有一個(gè)很好的選擇。）說明了應(yīng)該邀請的人數(shù)。下文“andtheremaynotbeenoughthingstochoosefrom;morethanthat,anditbecomesuncontrollable.”（可能沒有足夠的東西可供選擇；多于這個(gè)數(shù)量，它就變得無法控制。）說明多于或少于一定數(shù)量的人數(shù)將會導(dǎo)致一些麻煩。所以空白處應(yīng)是針對下文中的“morethanthat”提出的相反的假設(shè)，即少于一定數(shù)量的人。A項(xiàng)“Lesspeoplethanthat”（少于這些人）提出一種假設(shè)，和下文中“morethanthat”相對，說明人數(shù)不宜太多，也不能太少，符合語境。故選A項(xiàng)。18.根據(jù)下文“Theyshouldalsoprepareplentyofreusablebagstocarrytheir“new”clotheshome.”（他們還應(yīng)該準(zhǔn)備大量的可重復(fù)使用的袋子，把他們的“新”衣服帶回家。）說明去的時(shí)候應(yīng)該為交換所得的“新衣服”準(zhǔn)備袋子。G項(xiàng)“Telleveryonetobringcleanclothesingoodcondition.”（告訴每個(gè)人帶來品相完好的衣服。）說明去參加衣物交換的時(shí)候應(yīng)該帶完好的衣服，其中的bring和下文中carry相對，都是為交換衣物所做的準(zhǔn)備。下文中的also也是提示詞，并且其中They指代G項(xiàng)的everyone。所以G項(xiàng)符合語境。故選G項(xiàng)。19.根據(jù)上文“Putdifferenttypesofclothingondifferentsurfacesintheroom.”（把不同類型的衣服放在房間的不同地方。）指出衣服應(yīng)該歸類放置。下文“Placeafewmirrorsaroundyourroomsopeoplecanseehowthingslookwhentheytrythemon.”（在房間周圍放幾面鏡子，這樣人們試穿時(shí)就能看到衣服的樣子。）提到了放置鏡子的意義。由此可見，本段講述的是房間里的一些具體的做法，所以空白處一樣要提出人們在房間里要做什么。F項(xiàng)“Haveeveryoneputtheirclothesintherightspots.（讓每個(gè)人的衣服都放在相應(yīng)的位置上。）”說明每個(gè)人應(yīng)該按照不同類型把衣服擺放在相應(yīng)的位置，符合語境。故選F項(xiàng)。20.上文“Setastartingtime.Maybeyousay“go,”orturnonacertainsong,orwhatever.”（設(shè)置開始時(shí)間。也許你說“開始”，或者打開一首歌，或者無論什么。）打開音樂或者無論什么，意味聚會開始。下文“Anddon'tforgettoputoutsomecookiesandfruits.Remember,it'saparty!”（別忘了拿出一些餅干和水果。記住，這是個(gè)派對！）講到了聚會上應(yīng)該提供一些派對該有的服務(wù)。因而，空白處應(yīng)是承接上文，講述聚會期間要保持應(yīng)有的內(nèi)容。D項(xiàng)“Justkeepmusicplayingthroughout.”（要始終播放音樂。）承上啟下，說明在派對上要有音樂，與前文形成意義上的一致，符合題意，故選D項(xiàng)。（全國乙卷·七選五）AccordingtoJessicaHagy,authorofHowtoBeInteresting,it’snotdifficulttomakeyourselfinterestingatadinnerparty.___36___,ifyou’reoutofyourcomfortzoneorifyou’rewanderingintosomebody’shouseforthefirsttime.Sothemainthingisjusttoshowupandbeadventurous,tryingdifferentfoodsandtalkingtostrangers.Peoplelovetotalkaboutthemselves.Ifyoucanstarttheconversationwithaquestionotherthan“Whatdoyoudoforaliving?”,you’llbeabletogetalotmoreinterestingconversationoutofwhomeveritisyou’retalkingto.___37___,itcanbringin“Ihavethisold,broken-downvehicle”or“Irodethebuswiththesecrazypeoplewhowerelaughingatsillyjokesintheback.”Itjustopensupconversation.___38___situation.___ttaketheirwineaway,youshouldcertainlytrytotakeawaytheirsoapbox（講臺）.Ifyou’rethehost,youcanaskthemtohelpyouinthekitchenwithsomethingandjustremovethemfromthesituation.___39___.Andwhataboutthatotherdinner-partykiller:awkwardsilence?Ifyou’refacedwithanawkwardsilenceatadinnerparty,theonlythingthatalwaysgetseveryonetalkingagainistogivethehostacompliment（贊揚(yáng)）.___40___.Justquicklyturnaroundandsay,“Thiscakeisextremelydeliciousandyouhavetotellmeallaboutit.”Sobeinginterestingatadinnerpartyisn’tthathard.A.HowdoyouknowthehostB.ThefirststepistogoexploringC.Ifyouaskthequestion“Howdidyougethere?”D.BepreparedtohaveawkwardconversationswithstrangersE.OrturntheconversationintoatopicwheretheyhavelittletosayF.Whataboutthatpersonwhohadtoomuchtodrinkorwon’tstoptalkingG.Heorsheisthepersonwhoisfeelingtheweightofthatawkwardnessthemost36.B37.C38.F39.E40.G本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了在晚宴上讓自己表現(xiàn)得有趣的一些方法。36.根據(jù)上文“it’snotdifficulttomakeyourselfinterestingatadinnerparty(在晚宴上讓自己變得有趣并不難)”可知，下文應(yīng)主要講述如何在晚宴上讓自己變得有趣。下文“Sothemainthingisjusttoshowupandbeadventurous,tryingdifferentfoodsandtalkingtostrangers.(所以最主要的事情就是去嘗試，去冒險(xiǎn)，嘗試不同的食物，和陌生人交談)”可推知，本段主要說明想在晚宴上讓自己變得有趣，就要勇于冒險(xiǎn)，勇于探索。由此可知，B項(xiàng)“Thefirststepistogoexploring(第一步是去探索)”承上啟下，符合題意。故選B項(xiàng)。37.根據(jù)下文“itcanbringin“Ihavethisold,broken-downvehicle”or“Irodethebuswiththesecrazypeoplewhowerelaughingatsillyjokesintheback.”Itjustopensupconversation.(它可以帶入“我有這輛破舊的車”或“我和那些在后面嘲笑愚蠢笑話的瘋子一起乘坐公共汽車?！彼皇谴蜷_了對話)”可知，設(shè)空處應(yīng)該是提了一個(gè)不太好的問題，只是開始交流，但并不會給人留下有趣的印象。由此可知，C項(xiàng)“Ifyouaskthequestion“Howdidyougethere?”(如果你問“你是怎么到這里來的？”這個(gè)問題)”能夠承接下文，符合題意。故選C項(xiàng)。38.根據(jù)下文“Ifyoucan’ttaketheirwineaway,youshouldcertainlytrytotakeawaytheirsoapbox.Ifyou’rethehost,youcanaskthemtohelpyouinthekitchenwithsomethingandjustremovethemfromthesituation.(如果你不能拿走他們的酒，你當(dāng)然應(yīng)該讓他們離開講話的地方。如果你是主人，你可以讓他們到廚房幫你做點(diǎn)什么，只是為了讓他們擺脫那種情景)”可知，此處指出了一個(gè)問題的解決辦法。由此推知，設(shè)空處提到了一個(gè)棘手的問題。F項(xiàng)“Whataboutthepersonwhohashadtoomuchtodrinkorwon’tstoptalking(喝太多酒或一直說個(gè)不停的人怎么辦)”正是提出的問題，引出下文的解決辦法，符合題意。故選F項(xiàng)。39.根據(jù)上文“Ifyoucan’ttaketheirwineaway,youshouldcertainlytrytotakeawaytheirsoapbox(講臺).Ifyou’rethehost,youcanaskthemtohelpyouinthekitchenwithsomethingandjustremovethemfromthesituation.(如果你不能拿走他們的酒，你當(dāng)然應(yīng)該讓他們離開講話的地方。如果你是主人，你可以讓他們到廚房幫你做點(diǎn)什么，只是為了讓他們擺脫那種情景)”可知，本段主要是為解決“喝太多酒或一直說個(gè)不?！边@個(gè)問題提供方法。由此可知，E項(xiàng)“Orturntheconversationintoatopicwheretheyhavelittletosay(或者把談話變成他們沒什么可說的話題)”是提出的另一個(gè)解決辦法，承接上文，符合題意。故選E項(xiàng)。40.根據(jù)上文“Ifyou’refacedwithanawkwardsilenceatadinnerparty,theonlythingthatalwaysgetseveryonetalkingagainistogivethehostacompliment.(如果你在晚宴上遭遇了尷尬的沉默，唯一能讓大家再次交談的方法就是贊美主人)”可知，此處指出贊美主人可以緩解尷尬的沉默，設(shè)空處承上啟下，下文“Thiscakeisextremelydeliciousandyouhavetotellmeallaboutit.(這蛋糕特別好吃，你得告訴我它的一切)”對主人進(jìn)行了贊美。由此可知，宴會上出現(xiàn)尷尬的沉默時(shí)，最尷尬的就是主人，所以需要贊美主人來緩解尷尬。G項(xiàng)“Heorsheisthepersonwhoisfeelingtheweightofthatawkwardnessthemost(他或她是最能感受到那種尷尬的人)”承上啟下，符合題意。故選G項(xiàng)（新高考I卷·七選五）Paris.____andIjustspentaweekinParis.____36____Sothefirstthingwedidwasrentafantasticallyexpensivesixth-floorapartmentthesizeofacupboard.Itwassotinythatwehadtoleaveoursuitcasesinthehallway.Theplacewasn’tentirelyauthentic,though.UnlikeanormalParisianapartment,theplumbing(水管)worked.____37____Ourbuildingevenhadatinyliftwithafemalevoicethatsaid,“Ouverturedesportes,”inperfectFrench.ThatistheonlyFrenchphraseImastered,andit’sashameIdon’thavemuchuseforit.Parisiansaredifferentfromyouandme.Theyneverlooklazyoruntidy.Assomeonenotedinthispaperacoupleofweeksago,theyeatgreatfoodandnevergainweight.____38____Frenchstrawberriesdonottastelikecardboard.Instead,theyexplodeinyourmouthlikelittleflavorbombs.____39____OnourfirstmorninginParis,Iwentaroundthecornertothefoodmarkettopickupsomegroceries.Iboughtahandfulofperfectlyripesmallstrawberriesandalittlesweetmelon.MyhusbandandIagreedtheywerethebestfruitwehadevereaten.Buttheycost$18!InFrance,qualityoflifeismuchmoreimportantthanefficiency.crowded.____thisbycaféslife.Frenchcafésarealwayscrowded.____40____Whendothesepeoplework?TheFrenchtaketheir35-hourworkweekseriously—soseriouslythatsomelaborunionsrecentlystruckadealwithagroupofcompanieslimitingthenumberofhoursthatindependentcontractorscanbeoncall.A.Notallthecustomersaretourists.B.ThequalityoflifeinFranceisequallyexcellent.C.Therewasanicekitchenandacomfortablebed.D.Theamazingfoodismainlyconsumedbylocalfarmers.E.That’snottheonlyreasontheFrencheatlessthanwedo.F.Ouraimwastoseeifwecouldlive,insomeway,likerealParisians.G.Thefoodissodeliciousthatyoudon’tneedmuchofittomakeyouhappy.36.F37.C38.G39.E40.A這是一篇說明文。主要講述了作者夫婦兩人在巴黎的居住的感受。首先，作者介紹了她住的房子；其次，說明了巴黎人生活非常精致的原因；最后，說明法國人對待生活的態(tài)度，相較于工作效率他們更看重生活品質(zhì)。36.上文“MyhusbandandIjustspentaweekinParis.(我丈夫和我剛在巴黎待了一周)”說明了背景；下文“Sothefirstthingwedidwasrentafantasticallyexpensivesixth-floorapartmentthesizeofacupboard.(所以我們做的第一件事就是租了一個(gè)非常昂貴公寓，在第六層，只有一個(gè)櫥柜那么大)”是空格處的結(jié)果，因此空格處需要填原因；根據(jù)F項(xiàng)“Ouraimwastoseeifwecouldlive,insomeway,likerealParisians.(我們的目標(biāo)是看看我們是否在某種程度上可以活的像巴黎人。)”可知，作者要在巴黎住下來，所以需要租房子，兩句構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系。故選F項(xiàng)。37.上文“Theplacewasn’tentirelyauthentic,though.(不過，這個(gè)地方并不是地道的法國住房)”是段落的中心句，說明第二段主要內(nèi)容是講解公寓的情況。下文提到了樓宇和電梯的情況。C項(xiàng)“Therewasanicekitchenandacomfortablebed.(有一個(gè)漂亮的廚房和一張舒適的床)”提到了廚房和床，這些都屬于公寓的配置。故選C項(xiàng)。...上文“...theyeatgreatfoodandnevergainweight.(他們吃得很好，而且從不發(fā)胖)”提及了食物。下文“Frenchstrawberriesdonottastelikecardboard.Instead,theyexplodeinyourmouthlikelittleflavorbombs.(法國草莓嘗起來不像紙板。相反，它們會像小炸彈一樣在你嘴里爆炸)”在說明法國的草莓很好吃。上下文結(jié)合可知，因?yàn)榉▏氖澄镔|(zhì)量很高，所以不用吃很多就能很滿足，同時(shí)吃的少也就不會發(fā)胖了。G項(xiàng)“Thefoodissodeliciousthatyoudon’tneedmuchofittomakeyouhappy.(食物是如此美味，你不需要吃太多就能使你快樂)”符合語境要求。故選G項(xiàng)。39.第三段主要描述了作者夫妻去了采購了食物，買了草莓。下文“MyhusbandandIagreedtheywerethebestfruitwehadevereaten.Buttheycost$18!(我丈夫和我都認(rèn)為這是我們吃過的最好的水果。但它們要18美元!)”說明法國的水果好吃但是也很貴。選項(xiàng)E“That'snottheonlyreasontheFrencheatlessthanwedo.(這并不是法國人吃得比我們少的唯一原因)”承接了上一段關(guān)于法國人吃的少但是不胖的話題，同時(shí)引起下文，給出了法國人吃的少的另一個(gè)原因‘物價(jià)貴’。故選E項(xiàng)。40.根據(jù)上文“InFrance,qualityoflifeismuchmoreimportantthanefficiency(效率).Youcantellthisbycaféslife.Frenchcafésarealwayscrowded.(在法國生活質(zhì)量比效率更重要。這一點(diǎn)你能從咖啡館生活看出來。法國的咖啡廳總是很擁擠)”可知，上文說明了法國人對待工作不是很積極且咖啡廳里顧客很多。下文“Whendothesepeoplework?(這些人什么時(shí)候工作？)”是一個(gè)問句，說明本句屬于過渡句，承接上文說明咖啡廳里的造成擁擠的客人的情況，A選項(xiàng)中有“customer”符合咖啡館的情境設(shè)定，同時(shí)講述了不是所有的客人都是游客，那么意味著大部分人都是當(dāng)?shù)厝?，符合下文的提問。故選A項(xiàng)。（浙江卷·七選五）You'vegotmail…andit'sapostcardPauloMagalhaes,a34-year-oldPortuguesecomputerengineer,lovestoopenhismailboxandfindabrightlycoloredpictureofRome'sColosseum.OrAfrica'sVictoriaFalls.OrChina'sGreatWall.___11___"Ioftensendpostcardstofamilyandfriends."hesaystoChinaDaily,"butyoucanimaginethatafterawhile,youneverreceiveasmanyasyousend,andyourealizethatnoteveryoneisintoit___12___”Seekingotherlike-mindedsouls,however,Paulostartedlookinginasomewhatunlikelyplace:online.ManywouldsaytheInternetisaplaceforpeoplewhohavegivenuponthetraditionalpostalservice,butPaulo'shunch（直覺）paidoff.Todayhishobbyhasdevelopedintothewebsitepostcrossing,asocialnetworkthathasgrownto575,217registeredusersin214countriesandregionssincehestartedit10yearsago.___13___Runningthewebsitehasalmostturnedintoafull-timejob.Languageiscertainlyaharrierformanypeople.Forpostcrossingtoworkworldwide,acommoncommunicationlanguageisneededsothateveryonecanunderstandeachother.AscoolasitmaybetoreceiveapostcardwritteninChinese,theconceptdoesn'tworkifonedoesn'tunderstandit.___14___Soacommonlanguageisrequiredandinpostcrossingthat'sEnglishsinceit'swidelyspoken."ManypeopleinChinahavelimitedexposuretoEnglish.___15___Thatsaid,weknowofmanypostcrossingmembers,includingChinese,whohaveactuallyimprovedtheirEnglishskillsthroughtheiruseofpostcrossing,"Paulosays.A.Andthat'stotallyfineB.ThatmakesitextrahardtolearnandpracticeitC.Helikestothinkofsendingpostcardsasafamily-friendlyhobbyD.Manylovetomakeaconnectionwithsomeonefromacrosstheworld.E.OnAugust5,thenumberofpostcardsexchangedbymemberstopped31million.F.Similarly,ifyouspeakonlyChinese,receivingacardinSwedishtakespartofthefunaway.G.Inshort,helovespostcards,andtheexcitementofgettingahand-writtennotefromsomeonefaraway.11.G12.A13.E14.F15.B本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了PauloMagalhaes創(chuàng)建postcrossing的過程及其現(xiàn)狀。PauloMagalhaes非常喜歡明信片但是苦于身邊沒有與他志趣相投的人，于是他開始從網(wǎng)上尋求志同道合的人，因而創(chuàng)立了postcrossing。隨著公司在全球不斷壯大，語言成為溝通的主要障礙，后來英語被選為共同語言方便大家交流。...上文“PauloMagalhaes,a34-year-oldPortuguesecomputerengineer,lovestoopenhismailboxandfindabrightlycoloredimageofRome'sColosseum.OrAfrica'sVictoriaFalls.OrChina’sGreatWall.(34歲的葡萄牙電腦工程師PauloMagalhaes喜歡打開他的郵箱，然后發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)色彩鮮艷的羅馬斗牛場圖像。或者非洲的維多利亞瀑布?；蛘呤侵袊拈L城)”介紹了Paulo喜歡明信片的個(gè)人愛好。下文“...andyourealizethatnoteveryoneisintoit.”說明他身邊缺少與他志趣相投的人。選項(xiàng)G“Inshort,helovespostcards,andtheexcitementofgettingascribblednotefromsomeonefaraway.(簡而言之，他喜歡明信片，也喜歡收到遠(yuǎn)方某人潦草的便條時(shí)的那種興奮)”起到承上啟下的作用，總結(jié)了上文Paulo喜歡明信片，也引出下文關(guān)于他的喜好得不到回應(yīng)的問題。故選G項(xiàng)。12.上文““Ioftensendpostcardstofamilyandfriends."hesaystoChinaDaily,“butyoucanimaginethatafterawhile,youneverreceiveasmanyasyousend,andyourealizethatnoteveryoneisintoit(“我經(jīng)常給家人和朋友寄明信片，”他說，“但你可以想象，過一段時(shí)間，你收到的明信片不會像你寄的那么多，而且你意識到并不是每個(gè)人都喜歡這樣?！?”說明Paulo意識到身邊的親人和朋友不是都和他有相同的愛好，因此他也很坦然接受這個(gè)事實(shí)，因此選項(xiàng)A“那完全沒問題”符合語境。故選A項(xiàng)。13.上文“TodayhishobbyhasevolvedintothewebsitePostcrossing,asocialnetworkthathasgrownto575,217registeredusersin214countriesandregionssincehelaunchedit10yearsago.(如今，他的這個(gè)愛好已經(jīng)發(fā)展成了Postcrossing這個(gè)社交網(wǎng)站。自從10年前他創(chuàng)建這個(gè)網(wǎng)站以來，已經(jīng)有來自214個(gè)國家和地區(qū)的名注冊用戶)”是在介紹目前網(wǎng)站的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r，因此符合文意的只有E選項(xiàng)“8月5日，會員互贈的明信片數(shù)量達(dá)到3100萬張”是在介紹該網(wǎng)站相關(guān)的數(shù)據(jù)。故選E項(xiàng)。14.上文“AscoolasitmaybetoreceiveapostcardwritteninChinese,theconceptdoesn'tworkifonedoesn'tunderstandit.(收到一張用中文寫明信片可能很酷，但如果你不理解它，這個(gè)概念就行不通)”是舉例說明他國人收到中文明信片時(shí)的問題。選項(xiàng)F“Similarly,ifyouspeakonlyChinese,receivingacardwritteninSwedishtakespartofthefunaway.(同樣地，如果你只會說中文，收到瑞典語的卡片也會奪走一部分樂趣)”是舉例說明中國人收到他國語言明信片時(shí)也會遇到相同的問題。兩句相結(jié)合，符合結(jié)論句的語義要求，故選F項(xiàng)。...上文“ManypeopleinChinahavelimitedexposuretoEnglish.(許多中國人很少能接觸到英語)”說明對某些人來說學(xué)習(xí)英語的門檻較高。結(jié)合下文“...whoactuallyimprovedtheirEnglishskillsthroughtheiruseofpostcrossing.(他們實(shí)際上通過使用明信片來提高他們的英語技能)”可知，寫明信片成為一種練習(xí)英語的渠道。因此選項(xiàng)B“這使得學(xué)習(xí)和練習(xí)它變得格外困難”符合語境要求，說明對一些人來說學(xué)習(xí)和練習(xí)英語的難度較高，因?yàn)榍垒^少。故選B項(xiàng)。II、2021年高考模擬試題（諸暨市5月模擬·七選五）AnAmericanstudyof10,000studentsfoundthatifyoumakemorefriendsthantheaveragepersonatschool,you’llreceiveahighersalaryinlaterlife.Peopleneedgoodsocialskillsatworktoworkinateamsuccessfully.___11___Onaverage,teenagersagedbetween15and17have500“friends”ontheirfavoritesocialnetworkingsites.Adultshave130.Soifyoubelievethisresearch,youmightbeveryrich.___12___Dunbar,aprofessorfromtheUniversityofOxford,studiedthenumberofmessagesbetweenusersofapopularsocialnetworkingwebsite,eachofwhomhadbetween200and2,000friends.Hefoundthattheyalwayscommunicatewithamaximumof150people.Amongthese150,around5peopleareclosefriends.___13___Theyareprobablyoldfriendsandyoushareallyourgoodandbadexperienceswiththem.Thenthereare10morefriends.Althoughthey’reclosetoyou,youmaynotkeepintouchwiththemeveryweek.Nextthereare35peoplewhoyoumightspendtimewithbecauseofasharedinterest.___14___Youseeorspeaktothesepeopleatleastonceayear,butyoudon’tknowthemwell.Beyondthisnumber,Dunbarsays,it’simpossibletomakeanyrelationshipmeaningful.Ifyouhavealotofonline“friends”,trythisexperiment:Firsttakeawayanyoneyouhaven’tbeenintouchwithforayear.Thenremovethoseyoucannotrememberand,finally,takeawayfriendswhoyouwouldn’tmindlosingtouchwith.Howmanyhaveyouleft?Howmanyofthesepeopleareactuallygoodfriends?___15___A.Youarenotclosetothem.B.Andfinally,there’salargegroupof100.C.You’vemostlikelyknownthemforlong.D.However,itprobablywon’tmakeanydifference.E.Thesearethesameskillsweusetomakefriendsatschool.F.They’vefoundthathavinggoodfriendscanhelpyoulivelonger.G.Accordingtotheresearch,thesearetheonlypeoplethatreallymatter.11.E12.D13.C14.B15.G這是一篇說明文。文章主要講了美國一項(xiàng)針對1萬名學(xué)生的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，如果你在學(xué)校里交的朋友比一般人多，你以后的收入就會更高。然而，牛津大學(xué)的教授Dunbar研究發(fā)現(xiàn)朋友的多少可能不會造成什么不同。11.根據(jù)上文“AnAmericanstudyof10,000studentsfoundthatifyoumakemorefriendsthantheaveragepersonatschool,you’llreceiveahighersalaryinlaterlife.Peopleneedgoodsocialskillsatworktoworkinateamsuccessfully.”（美國一項(xiàng)針對1萬名學(xué)生的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，如果你在學(xué)校里交的朋友比一般人多，你以后的收入就會更高。人們在工作中需要良好的社交技巧才能在團(tuán)隊(duì)中成功工作）可知美國一項(xiàng)研究表明在學(xué)校里交朋友的數(shù)量與今后的收入有關(guān)，工作中也需要良好的社交技巧。該空承接上文，指出其中的原因，E選項(xiàng)“這些都是我們在學(xué)校里用來交朋友的技能”切題，其中，選項(xiàng)中的skills對應(yīng)上文中的skills，故選E。12.根據(jù)下文“Dunbar,aprofessorfromtheUniversityofOxford,studiedthenumberofmessagesbetweenusersofapopularsocialnetworkingwebsite,eachofwhomhadbetween200and2,000friends.Hefoundthattheyalwayscommunicatewithamaximumof150people.”（Dunbar是牛津大學(xué)的教授，他研究了一個(gè)流行社交網(wǎng)站用戶之間的信息數(shù)量，這些用戶每個(gè)人都有200到2000個(gè)朋友。他發(fā)現(xiàn)他們最多只能和150人交流）可知一項(xiàng)研究表明社交網(wǎng)站用戶的朋友的數(shù)量似乎沒有什么實(shí)質(zhì)性的影響。該空引出下文，D選項(xiàng)“然而，這可能不會有什么不同”切題，故選D。13.根據(jù)上文“Amongthese150,around5peopleareclosefriends.”（在這150人中，大約有5人是親密的朋友）可知這里引出了親密朋友這個(gè)話題。根據(jù)下文“Theyareprobablyoldfriendsandyoushareallyourgoodandbadexperienceswiththem.”（他們可能是老朋友，你和他們分享你所有的好和壞的經(jīng)歷）可知這里具體說明了什么樣的人稱得上是親密朋友。該空承上啟下，也在說明什么樣的人稱得上是親密朋友，C選項(xiàng)“你很可能已經(jīng)認(rèn)識他們很久了”切題，其中，選項(xiàng)中的“them”指代上文中的closefriends，故選C。14.根據(jù)上文“Thenthereare10morefriends.Althoughthey’reclosetoyou,youmaynotkeepintouchwiththemeveryweek.Nextthereare35peoplewhoyoumightspendtimewithbecauseofasharedinterest.”（然后還有10個(gè)朋友。雖然他們和你很親近，但你可能不會每周都和他們保持聯(lián)系。接下來是35個(gè)你可能會因?yàn)楣餐呐d趣而與之共度時(shí)光的人）可知這里依次列舉了不同親密程度的朋友。該空承接上文，列出其中的一類朋友，B選項(xiàng)“最后，還有一個(gè)100人的大團(tuán)體”切題，其中，選項(xiàng)中的“finally”與上文中的“Then”和“Next”相呼應(yīng)，故選B。15.根據(jù)上文“Ifyouhavealotofonline“friends”,trythisexperiment:Firsttakeawayanyoneyouhaven’tbeenintouchwithforayear.Thenremovethoseyoucannotrememberand,finally,takeawayfriendswhoyouwouldn’tmindlosingtouchwith.Howmanyhaveyouleft?Howmanyofthesepeopleareactuallygoodfriends?”（如果你在網(wǎng)上有很多“朋友”，那就試著做這樣一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn):首先帶走那些一年沒聯(lián)系的朋友。然后刪除那些你不記得的，最后，帶走那些你不介意失去聯(lián)系的朋友。你還剩多少?這些人中有多少是真正的好朋友?）可知這里具體介紹了這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)的過程，該空承接上文，說明這個(gè)試驗(yàn)的結(jié)果，G選項(xiàng)“根據(jù)研究，這些人才是真正重要的人”切題，其中，選項(xiàng)中的“these”指代上文中“經(jīng)過層層篩選，剩下的朋友”，故選G。（成都三診·七選五）Itcanbeveryeasytostickwithwhatyouknow,insteadoftryingtomeetpeoplewhoaredifferentfromyou.___16___Here'swhatyoucando:Becomeself-aware.___17___Thisincludesbiases(偏見）aboutyourownculturalbackground.Itcanbeconfronting,butbydoingthisyou'llbeabletothinkabouthowthesetraitsmightimpactonyourapproachtoandunderstandingofdifferences.Youcouldtry:Thinkaboutwhatassumptionsyoumakeaboutyourfriends,peers,andpeopleyouworkwith.Talktosomeonefromadifferentculturalbackground.Tryandgettoknowsomeonefromadifferentculturalbackgroundbetter.___18___You'llautomaticallyfindoutmoreabouttheirlifeandexperiences.Justbeingcuriousandopen-mindedcanbehelpful.Bemoreaccepting.Sometimes,foronereasonoranother,it'snotallthateasytounderstandsomeculturaldifferences.___19___Inotherwords,youdon'thavetounderstand,orevenagreewith,someoneinordertoacceptthem.___20___Oneofthebiggestdifficultiestoovercomeinunderstandingculturaldifferencesismakingjudgmentsbasedononeopinion.Youshoulddosomeresearchtoactuallylearnaboutpeople,insteadofmakingbroad-brushassessments.Stereotyping(模式化）peoplefromdifferentculturalbackgroundscanimpacttheirqualityoflifeandopportunities.A.Doyourownresearch.B.Thinkbeyondstereotypes.C.Practicebeingsympathetictowardspeople.D.Workoutyourownbeliefs,valuesandpersonalbiases.E.Insteadofaskingthemquestionsdirectly,treatthemasfriends.F.Andthebestapproachistoacknowledgepeoplearedifferentandtoacceptthat'sokay.G.However,tryingtounderstandpeoplefromothercountriescanhelpyouexperiencemore.16.G17.D18.E19.F20.B這是一篇說明文。試著去理解來自其他國家的人可以幫助你體驗(yàn)更多，文章對如何理解和接受不同文化背景的人提出了建議。16.前文“Itcanbeveryeasytostickwithwhatyouknow,insteadoftryingtomeetpeoplewhoaredifferentfromyou.”（堅(jiān)持你所知道的，而不是去結(jié)識與你不同的人，這很容易。）和選項(xiàng)G中的“tryingtounderstandpeoplefromothercountriescanhelpyouexperiencemore”（試著去了解來自其他國家的人可以幫助你體驗(yàn)更多）構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，對應(yīng)選項(xiàng)G中的however，所以選項(xiàng)G（然而，試著去理解來自其他國家的人可以幫助你體驗(yàn)更多。）切合文意。故選G。17.根據(jù)后文“Thisincludesbiases(偏見）aboutyourownculturalbackground.”（這包括對自己文化背景的偏見。）和前文“Becomeself-aware.”（有自我認(rèn)知）可知，此處是指對自己的文化背景、偏見等有清醒的認(rèn)知，并解決它們，所以選項(xiàng)D（解決自己的信念、價(jià)值觀和個(gè)人偏見。）切合文意。故選D。18.根據(jù)前文“Talktosomeonefromadifferentculturalbackground.”（和來自不同文化背景的人交談。）可知，此處是講和來自不同文化背景的人交談，所以選項(xiàng)E（不要直接問他們問題，把他們當(dāng)成朋友。）切合文意。故選E。19.根據(jù)前文“Bemoreaccepting.”（更加有包容性）可知，此處是講對于不同要有包容性，所以選項(xiàng)F（最好的方法是承認(rèn)人們是不同的，并接受這一點(diǎn)。）切合文意。故選F。20.根據(jù)后文“Stereotyping(模式化）peoplefromdifferentculturalbackgroundscanimpacttheirqualityoflifeandopportunities.”（對來自不同文化背景的人形成成見會影響他們的生活質(zhì)量和機(jī)會。）可知，此處是指要跳出模式化來思考，所以選項(xiàng)B（超越刻板印象。）切合文意。故選B。（臺州市4月調(diào)考·七選五）Whatarethethingsthatscareyou:snakes,spidersorfiercetigers?Ormaybeyouhaveafearofheightsorvisitingthedentist.Althoughsomeofusjustgetscaredorabitnervousaboutthesethings,forothersitcancauseanunreasonablereactionthatcan’tbecontrolled-somethingwecallaphobia(恐懼癥).___11___Sometimesit’sgoodtobeawareofthepossibledangersfromthings.Ourbrainwarnsusoftherisksthatmightlieahead,butthenweoftengetpreparedandovercomethem.ClinicalpsychologistWarrenManselltoldtheBBC,“Ourfearsarerootedinourbrains-wedon’tneedtolearntobeafraidofanimalslikesnakesorspiders.”_____12_____Withaphobia,yourbreathinggetsquicker,yourpulsespeedsup,yousweatandyourbrainisunabletocontrolthesereactions._____13_____SpeakingtotheBBC,LaurenRosenberg,afearandphobiaexpert,says,“Phobiasusuallyareacopybehaviourfromahigherauthority,likeaparentorteacher,orakindofmentalsufferingfromapasteventthatcomesbacktotroubleyoucontinuously.”doctors._______differentcomplexphobiassomepeoplesufferfrom,suchasagoraphobia－causedbybeingawayfromhome,andiatrophobia-fearofdoctors._______14_______worse.____理治療)isonechoice,whereyougraduallygetusedtowhateveritisyoufear.LaurenRosenburgsaysshelikestoworkwithpeopletocleartheirbadmemoryandhelpthembreathe.Butifyoudohaveaphobia,continuallytryingtoavoidwhatyou’reafraidofbyyourselfislikelytomakethesituationworse.____15____A.Thenhowcantheybeovercome?B.Butwheredoesaphobiacomefrom?C.Butphobiasarestrongerthanjustfears.D.Therightthingtodoistofindhelptoovercomeit.E.Overcomingaphobiacantakepatiencedevotionandcourage.F.Arethereanyphobiasthattendtobemorecommonthanothers?G.Itoccurswhensomeonedevelopsanunrealisticsenseofdangeraboutasituationorobject.11.G12.C13.B14.A15.D這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了恐懼癥的定義、來源和克服的方法。11.根據(jù)后文“Sometimesit'sgoodtobeawareofthepossibledangersfromthings.Ourbrainwarnsusoftherisksthatmightlieahead,butthenweoftengetpreparedandovercomethem.”（有時(shí)候意識到事物的潛在危險(xiǎn)是件好事。我們的大腦會警告我們前方可能存在的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，但我們通常會有所準(zhǔn)備并克服它們。）可知，此處是指對潛在危險(xiǎn)產(chǎn)生意識，而此時(shí)危險(xiǎn)尚未發(fā)生，所以選項(xiàng)G（當(dāng)某人對某種情況或物體產(chǎn)生一種不現(xiàn)實(shí)的危險(xiǎn)感時(shí)，就會出現(xiàn)這種情況。）切合文意。故選G。12.前文“Ourfearsarerootedinourbrains-wedon'tneedtolearntobeafraidofanimalslikesnakesorspiders.”（我們的恐懼根植于我們的大腦——我們不需要學(xué)會害怕像蛇或蜘蛛這樣的動物。）中提到fears，后文“Withaphobia,yourbreathinggetsquicker,yourpulsespeedsup,yousweatandyourbrainisunabletocontrolthesereactions.”（患有恐懼癥，你的呼吸會變快，脈搏加快，出汗，你的大腦無法控制這些反應(yīng)。）中提到phobia，所以選項(xiàng)C（但是恐懼癥比恐懼更強(qiáng)烈。）比較這二者，所以切合文意。故選C。13.根據(jù)后文“Phobiasusuallyareacopybehaviourfromahigherauthority,likeaparentorteacher,orakindofmentalsufferingfromapasteventthatcomesbacktotroubleyoucontinuously.”（恐懼癥通常是一種來自上級(如父母或老師)的復(fù)制行為，或者是一種過去事件的精神折磨，它會不斷回來困擾你。）可知，此處是講恐懼癥的來源，所以選項(xiàng)B（但是恐懼癥是從哪里來的呢?）切合文意。故選B。14.根據(jù)后文“Therapy(心理治療)isonechoice,whereyougraduallygetusedtowhateveritisyoufear.”（心理治療是一種選擇，你可以逐漸習(xí)慣你所恐懼的東西。）可知，此處是指如何克服恐懼癥。所以選項(xiàng)A（那么怎樣才能克服它們呢?）切合文意。故選A。15.根據(jù)前文“Butifyoudohaveaphobia,continuallytryingtoavoidwhatyou'reafraidofbyyourselfislikelytomakethesituationworse”（但如果你確實(shí)有恐懼癥，不斷地試圖避開你自己害怕的東西只會讓情況變得更糟）可知，此處是講不斷地試圖避開你自己害怕的東西是錯(cuò)的，選項(xiàng)D（正確的做法是尋求幫助來克服它。）又講出正確的做法，所以切合文意。故選D。（北京市3月綜合能力測試·七選五）TheFlynnEffect1950s.___effect，firstdescribedinthe1980sbyresearcherJamesFlynn，referstothefindingthatscoresonIQtestshaveincreasedinthepastcentury.Oneresearchpaper，publishedbypsychologistLisaTrahanandhercolleagues，combinedtheresultsofotherpublishedstudiesandfoundthatIQscoreshaveindeedincreasedsincethe1950s.___35___Trahanandhercolleaguesobserved，“TheexistenceoftheFlynneffectisrarelydisputed.”____36____Oneexplanationhastodowithimprovementsinhealthandnutrition.Forexample，thepastcenturyhasseenadecreaseinsmokingandalcoholuseinpregnancy，improvementsinthepreventionandtreatmentofinfectiousdiseases，andimprovementsinnutrition.AsScottBarryKaufmanwritesforPsychologyToday，“TheFlynneffectservesasareminderthatwhenwegivepeoplemoreopportunitiestoprosper，morepeopledoprosper.”____37____InaTEDtalk，F(xiàn)lynnexplainsthattheworldtodayis“aworldwherewe'vehadtodevelopnewmentalhabits，newhabitsofmind.”FlynnhasfoundthatIQscoreshaveincreasedthemostrapidlyonquestionsthataskustofindsimilaritiesbetweendifferentt