山東省濟(jì)南市2022屆高三年級(jí)1月學(xué)情檢測(cè)（一模）英語(yǔ)試題（解析版）

濟(jì)南市2022年1月高三年級(jí)學(xué)情檢測(cè)英語(yǔ)試題注意事項(xiàng)：1.答題前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、座號(hào)、考號(hào)填寫(xiě)在答題卡和試卷指定位置上。2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)?；卮鸱沁x擇題時(shí)，將答案寫(xiě)在答題卡上。寫(xiě)在本試卷上無(wú)效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿(mǎn)分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ATherearehundredsofnon-profitswelcomingstudentsundertheageof18asvolunteers.Intheseactivities,studentscandevelopimportantlifeskills,culturalawarenessandalifelongpassionforservice.UnionStationHomelessServicesWhetheryouvolunteerinourkitchenstopreparemealsorinourofficestohelpwithadministrativeprojects,youwillbeavaluablememberofourfamily.Wedoourbesttomatchvolunteerswithapositionthatsuitstheirinterestsandskills.MinimumAge:12Call:626-240-4550NortheastAnimalShelterTheNortheastAnimalShelter,establishedin1976,isoneofNewEngland’slargestnon-profitshelterswherethepetscanbetakengoodcareof.Wehaveplacedthousandsofdogsandcatssinceweopenedourdoors.Assoonasadogorcatarrives,ourstaffbeginsearchingfortheperfecthostforthem.Whilewaitingforawarmhome,thedogsandcatsreceivethebestofcare.MinimumAge:16Call:745-988-8305NeedhamCommunityFarmThemissionofNeedhamCommunityFarmistodeepenourcommunity’sconnectiontonatureandthefoodsystembyprovidingfarm-basededucation,increasingaccesstohealthyproduceandencouragingenvironmentalprotection.MinimumAge:13Call:781-449-5300ArlingtonPublicLibraryServingmorethan1.5millionpeopleayear,ArlingtonPublicLibraryholdsmorethan600,000items,frombooks,eBooks,andDVDs,todigitalphotocollectionsandprovidesfundedkitsforparentsandteachers.Weonlyacceptthevolunteerswithcommunityserviceexperience.MinimumAge:14Call:817-459-69001.Whichnon-profitcaresforpeopleinneed?A.ArlingtonPublicLibrary.B.NortheastAnimalShelter.CNeedhamCommunityFarm.D.UnionStationHomelessServices.2.WhatwillvolunteersdoforanimalsinNortheastAnimalShelter?A.Cookhealthymeals.B.Buildperfecthomes.C.Findadoptivefamilies.D.Searchfortheirowners.3.WhatistherequirementforvolunteersinArlingtonPublicLibrary?A.Theyareskillfulatsortingoutitems.B.Theyoughttobeatleast12yearsold.C.Theyhaveexperienceincommunityservice.D.Theyshouldbecapableoftakingdigitalphotos.【答案】1.D2.C3.C【解析】【分析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了4個(gè)適合18歲以下學(xué)生參與的非盈利性組織?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)UnionStationHomelessServices(UnionStation無(wú)家可歸者服務(wù))中“Whetheryouvolunteerinourkitchenstopreparemealsorinourofficestohelpwithadministrativeprojects,youwillbeavaluablememberofourfamily.(無(wú)論您是自愿在我們廚房做飯，還是在我們的辦公室?guī)椭姓?xiàng)目，您都將是我們家庭中寶貴的一員。)”可知，UnionStationHomelessServices是一個(gè)給無(wú)家可歸者提供幫助的公益項(xiàng)目。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)NortheastAnimalShelter中“Assoonasadogorcatarrives,ourstaffbeginsearchingfortheperfecthostforthem.(只要一只狗或貓來(lái)了，我們的工作人員就會(huì)開(kāi)始為它們尋找完美的主人。)”可知，NortheastAnimalShelter的志愿者可以為寵物們找到收養(yǎng)寵物的家庭。故選C。【3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)ArlingtonPublicLibrary中“Weonlyacceptthevolunteerswithcommunityserviceexperience.(我們只接受有社區(qū)服務(wù)經(jīng)驗(yàn)的志愿者。)”可知，ArlingtonPublicLibrary要求志愿者有社區(qū)工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)。故選C。BManyofushaveheardofAlexHonnold,whomadehistoryin2018whenhebecamethefirstmantoclimbEICapitanwithoutropesorsafetyequipment.Buthismother,DierdreWolownick,justbecametheoldestwomantoconquerthefamouspeak:shereachedthetoponSeptember23—themorningofher70thbirthday.Dierdre,thewriterandlanguageteacher,decidedtotakeupclimbingasameanstoconnectmorewithherson.In2008,accompaniedbyhersonAlex,shevisitedaclimbinggymandcompleted12routesthatfirstdaywithhishelp,butitwasmonthsbeforesheworkedupthecouragetoreturnandpracticeonherown.Dierdrebecamecommittedtothesport,andbegantomeetfriendsandsharpenherskills.Shescaled(登上)partsofHalfDomeandCathedralpeakatatimewhenmanypeopleatheragearethinkingaboutretirementandslowingdown.ThewriterwouldgoontopublishabookaboutherclimbingexperienceswithAlexcalledTheSharpEndofLife:AMother’sStory.“Asamother,Iamimpressedbythisroleexchangeprocess.Parentsandchildrenoftenwindupchangingrolesinlifeastheygetolder,”shewritesinherbook.“Butnever,Ithought,isthattransformationasobviousaswhentheyclimbtogether.”O(jiān)nSeptember23,Dierdreandherfriendssetoutinthedark,at6am.Therouteissteep(陡峭的)enoughtorequireall-fours,grabbingrocksandtreesandwhateverelsewillholdtheweight.Yetdespitealldifficultiestheteammadeittothetop.“Itwasreallyinspiringtowatchherandthentohaveherontopwithallofus,”saidoneofDierdre’sfriends.“Therewasaspeciallookoneveryone’sface.Weknewwherewewere.Weknewhowamazingthemomenttrulywas.4.WhydidDierdrestartclimbingmountains?A.Toknowhersonbetter.B.Tocelebrateherbirthday.C.Toseekwritinginspiration.D.Tosetanexamplefortheold.5.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesDierdre?A.Patient. B.Courageous. C.Intelligent. D.Generous.6.WhatdoesthelastparagraphtellaboutDierdre’sclimbingjourney?A.Itwasworththeefforts.B.Ittookdaystocomplete.C.Itwasarrangedonherown.D.Itrequiredspecialequipment.7.Whatmaybeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.MountainclimbingbenefitshealthB.Mothergoesbeyondherson’swishC.Climbtogether,bondcloserD.Slowdown,betteryourlife【答案】4.A5.B6.A7.B【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了世界級(jí)攀巖者AlexHonnold的母親迪爾德麗.沃羅尼克，為了更好地了解他，致力于攀巖運(yùn)動(dòng),提高自己的技能,并于自己70歲生日時(shí)攀上了埃爾卡皮坦山的故事?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段第一句“Dierdre,thewriterandlanguageteacher,decidedtotakeupclimbingasameanstoconnectmorewithherson.”迪爾德麗作為作家和語(yǔ)言老師，她決定將攀巖作為一種與兒子建立更多聯(lián)系的方式?！笨芍蠣柕蔓愰_(kāi)始爬山是因?yàn)橄敫嗟牧私庾约旱膬鹤?。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。迪爾德麗70歲了，還能開(kāi)始學(xué)習(xí)攀巖，并登上了高峰。由此推斷出她是一個(gè)有勇氣的人。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章最后一段迪爾德麗的朋友的話“Itwasreallyinspiringtowatchherandthentohaveherontopwithallofus,”saidoneofDierdre’sfriends.“Therewasaspeciallookoneveryone’sface.Weknewwherewewere.Weknewhowamazingthemomenttrulywas.”（迪爾德麗的一個(gè)朋友說(shuō):“看著她，然后和我們所有人一起站在頂端，這真的很鼓舞人心?！泵總€(gè)人的臉上都有一種特殊的表情。我們知道我們?cè)谀睦?。我們知道這一刻是多么令人驚嘆?！保┛芍M管他們遇到了很多的困難，但當(dāng)看到她以及大家臉上高興的表情，他們知道了他們現(xiàn)在在干什么，此刻是多么的令人驚奇，推斷出他們的努力沒(méi)有白費(fèi)。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】主旨大意題?？v觀文章。文章講述了世界級(jí)攀巖者AlexHonnold的母親迪爾德麗.沃羅尼克，為了更好地了解他，致力于攀巖運(yùn)動(dòng),提高自己的技能,并于自己70歲生日時(shí)攀上了埃爾卡皮坦山的故事。她甚至超越了自己的兒子的夢(mèng)想。故選B項(xiàng)?！军c(diǎn)睛】閱讀理解題的解題方法，首先，宏觀瀏覽，掌握大意。不要困擾在個(gè)別詞匯的翻譯上，偶有生詞，走為上計(jì)。其次，讀懂題干，帶著問(wèn)題再去微觀細(xì)讀。最后，分析句子，慎思明辨。閱讀理解題之細(xì)節(jié)理解解題要注意：1.排除干擾項(xiàng)，突出主題。2.按文章的體裁，作者寫(xiě)作的組織模式及有關(guān)信息，預(yù)測(cè)應(yīng)該到何處尋找自己所需要的事實(shí)。3.將注意力放在尋找你所需要的細(xì)節(jié)上，快速瀏覽，一目十行。發(fā)現(xiàn)細(xì)節(jié)，十目一行，放慢速度，仔細(xì)核對(duì)比較，直到找到正確答案。如本文第1題，找出文中提到的“她決定將攀巖作為一種與兒子建立更多聯(lián)系的方式?！保藢?duì)第一段和第二段，很容易判斷正確答案。CNewsmartwheelchairsaredesignedtoallowusersmorefreedomofmovement.Someevenallowthemtoraiseorlowertheseatsortogoupanddownstairs.Now,Scewo,aSwisscompany,hasdesignedtheirfuturisticmotorizedwheelchairScewoBrothatisacompletesolutionwithmultitaskinginnovation.ThissmartwheelchairissoadvancedandmultifunctionalthatitwontheDesignPrizein2018andhasbeenrecognizedasapioneerinthemedicaltechnologyindustry.Withclearlydefinedlinesandareductiontotheessentials,thedesignteamdevelopedacleardesignlanguage.Thatway,ScewoBroisseenasanewgenerationofwheelchairsatfirstglance.ScewoBrouserscancontrolthewheelchaireitherbyatouchinterface(界面)orasmartphone.Theycanswitchfromonetotheotherandcanalsochoosefromthreedifferentmodes:parkmode,drivemode,andtrackmode.Thisallowsforanyterrain(地形)andforpeoplewithmobilitydisabilitiestobeindependent.Builtwithsafetyinmind,theseatalwaysbalancesitselfsotheuserstaysinasittingposition.Thisfeatureallowsuserstodealwithdifferentterrainswithouttheriskoftippingover.Besides,thefootrests,seat,andarmrestsaredesignedtobecomfortableandadjustable.Thesmartwheelchaircangoupto35kilometersononechargeandcango10kilometersperhour.Ifabreakisneeded,justputthechairintotherelaxationposition.Thesmartwheelchaircomeswithtwosecurestorageareasforpeopleonthegotostorevaluables.Itcanfitinthetrunkofacarandcanbechargedinjustfivehours.ScewoBroisavailableinSwitzerland,Austria,andGermany.Whilethefirstbatch(首批)hassoldout,peoplecanpre-orderfordeliveryattheendof2021.Thisfuturisticwheelchairwillallowforincreasedmovementandabetterqualityoflifeforpeoplewithmobilityissues.8.Whatdoweknowaboutthewheelchair?A.Ittargetsmedicalworkers.B.Itfeaturesmorefunctions.C.Itisdesignedforhouseholduse.D.Itisthefirstmotorizedwheelchair.9.WhatismainlydiscussedaboutthewheelchairinParagraph3?A.Itsdesignphilosophy.B.Itsworkingprinciple.C.Itscustomerexperience.D.Itsfashionableelements.10.HowdoestheauthorintroducethewheelchairinParagraph4?A.Bygivingexactfigures.B.Bymakingcomparisons.C.Byofferingexamples.D.Bylistingreasons.11.Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?A.Thewheelchairneedsfurtherimprovement.B.ThecompanyScewoisanon-profitorganization.C.Thewheelchairuserscanmovearoundindependently.D.Thedesignteamhasbeenawardedmanydesignprizes.【答案】8.B9.A10.A11.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了一款新型的輪椅，包括其功能和設(shè)計(jì)理念等。【8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“ThissmartwheelchairissoadvancedandmultifunctionalthatitwontheDesignPrizein2018andhasbeenrecognizedasapioneerinthemedicaltechnologyindustry.（這款智能輪椅是如此先進(jìn)和多功能，以至于它在2018年獲得了設(shè)計(jì)獎(jiǎng)，并被公認(rèn)為醫(yī)療技術(shù)行業(yè)的先驅(qū)）”可知，這個(gè)輪椅的特點(diǎn)就是多功能，故選擇B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段中“Builtwithsafetyinmind,theseatalwaysbalancesitselfsotheuserstaysinasittingposition.（出于安全考慮，座椅始終保持自身平衡，因此使用者保持坐姿）”可知，第三段主要說(shuō)的是這個(gè)輪椅的設(shè)計(jì)理念，故選擇A項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“Thesmartwheelchaircangoupto35kilometersononechargeandcango10kilometersperhour.（智能輪椅一次充電可行駛35公里，每小時(shí)可行駛10公里。）”和“Itcanfitinthetrunkofacarandcanbechargedinjustfivehours.（它可以裝在汽車(chē)的后備箱里，只需5小時(shí)就能充滿(mǎn)電）”可知，本段當(dāng)中對(duì)于輪椅的介紹運(yùn)用了列數(shù)字的論證方式，故選擇A項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Thisallowsforanyterrain(地形)andforpeoplewithmobilitydisabilitiestobeindependent.（這適用于地形以及讓行動(dòng)不便的人保持獨(dú)立。）”可知，這款輪椅的用戶(hù)能夠獨(dú)立移動(dòng)，故選擇C項(xiàng)。DWhenpeoplehear“ArtificialIntelligence(AI),”manythinkofbigdata.ThereasonisthatsomeofthemostsignificantAIbreakthroughshavereliedonenormousdatasets.ButAIisnotonlyaboutlargedatasets,andresearchinsmalldataapproachesinthepastdecadehasgrownextensively,withTransferLearning(TL)(遷移學(xué)習(xí))asanespeciallypromisingexample,whichishelpfulinsettingswhereyouhavefewdataonthetaskofinterestbutsufficientdataonarelatedproblem.SmalldataapproacheslikeTLoffernumerousadvantagesovermoredata-intensivemethods.BytheuseofAIwithfewerdata,theycanfacilitateprogressinareaswherefewornodataexist,suchasinforecastingnaturaldisastersthatoccurrelativelyrarely.Moreimportantly,TLisofgreathelpintermsofgeneralization.AchallengeintheuseofAIisthatmodelsneedtogeneralizebeyondtheirtrainingdata—thatis,togivegood“answers”toamoregeneralsetof“questions”thanwhattheywerespecificallytrainedon.TLmodelsworkbytransferringknowledgefromonetasktoanother,sotheyareveryhelpfulinimprovinggeneralizationinthenewtask,evenifonlylimiteddataareavailable.AIexpertssuchasAndrewNghavestatedthattheapproachwillbethenextdriverofgettingmachinelearningsuccessinindustry.Therearesomeearlysignsofsuccessfuladoptionandithasbeenappliedforcancerdiscoveryandmuchmore.Despitetheincreaseinresearch,TLhasreceivedrelativelylittlevisibility.Whilemanymachinelearningexpertsanddatascientistsarefamiliarwithit,techniquessuchasTLdonotseemtohavereachedtheawarenessofthebroaderspaceofpolicymakersandbusinessleadersinpositionsofmakingimportantdecisionsaboutAIfundingandadoption.ByacknowledgingthesuccessofsmalldatatechniqueslikeTLandsupportingtheirwidespreaduse,wecanhelpovercomesomewidespreadmisconceptionsregardingtheroleofdatainAIandpromoteinnovationinnewdirections.12.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofTL?A.Itisapotentialtechnique.B.Itisofhelpinlargedatasets.C.ItisanimportantAIbreakthrough.D.Itisareliablesolutiontomultitasks.13.InwhichaspectdoesTLshowitsadvantages?A.Acquiringknowledge.B.Discoveringquestions.C.Collectingtrainingdata.D.Improvinggeneralization.14.WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph4probablymean?A.TLhaslittlevalue.B.TLisaheatedtopic.C.TLdrawspublicattention.D.TLisnotwellrecognized.15.What’sthepurposeofthistext?A.Toclarifysomemisconceptions.B.Tointroduceasmalldataapproach.C.TopredictthepromisingfutureofAI.D.Toemphasizethesignificanceofdata.【答案】12.A13.D14.D15.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要介紹的是遷移學(xué)習(xí)這種小數(shù)據(jù)研究方法?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的“ButAIisnotonlyaboutlargedatasets,andresearchinsmalldataapproachesinthepastdecadehasgrownextensively,withTransferLearning(TL)(遷移學(xué)習(xí))asanespeciallypromisingexample,whichishelpfulinsettingswhereyouhavefewdataonthetaskofinterestbutsufficientdataonarelatedproblem.（但AI不僅是大型數(shù)據(jù)集，在過(guò)去的十年中，小數(shù)據(jù)方法的研究得到了廣泛的發(fā)展，遷移學(xué)習(xí)是一個(gè)特別有前途的例子，當(dāng)您對(duì)感興趣的任務(wù)只有很少的數(shù)據(jù)，但對(duì)相關(guān)問(wèn)題有足夠的數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)，它是很有幫助的。）”可知，作者認(rèn)為T(mén)L是一種很有潛力的技術(shù)，故選A。【13題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“TLmodelsworkbytransferringknowledgefromonetasktoanother,sotheyareveryhelpfulinimprovinggeneralizationinthenewtask,evenifonlylimiteddataareavailable.（TL模型的工作原理是將知識(shí)從一個(gè)任務(wù)轉(zhuǎn)移到另一個(gè)任務(wù)，因此，即使只有有限的數(shù)據(jù)，TL模型對(duì)提高新任務(wù)的泛化能力也非常有幫助。）”可知，在提高泛化能力方面，TL發(fā)揮了其優(yōu)勢(shì)，故選D。【14題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的“Whilemanymachinelearningexpertsanddatascientistsarefamiliarwithit,techniquessuchasTLdonotseemtohavereachedtheawarenessofthebroaderspaceofpolicymakersandbusinessleadersinpositionsofmakingimportantdecisionsaboutAIfundingandadoption.（盡管許多機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)專(zhuān)家和數(shù)據(jù)科學(xué)家都熟悉人工智能，但TL等技術(shù)似乎還沒(méi)有讓決策者和商業(yè)領(lǐng)袖意識(shí)到在人工智能融資和采用方面做出重要決定的更廣闊空間。）”可知，“TLhasreceivedrelativelylittlevisibility”的意思是TL還沒(méi)有得到很好的認(rèn)可，故選D?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其是第二段的“SmalldataapproacheslikeTLoffernumerousadvantagesovermoredata-intensivemethods.（像TL這樣的小數(shù)據(jù)方法比更多的數(shù)據(jù)密集型方法有很多優(yōu)勢(shì)。）”可知，本文主要介紹的是TL這種小數(shù)據(jù)方法，因此目的是介紹一種小數(shù)據(jù)方法。故選B。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿(mǎn)分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。It’seasytosticktoeatingthesamefoodseveryday,especiallyifyoulovethem.____16____Eatingthesamefoodscanleadtonutritionalshortage.Ourbodiesneedawiderangeofnutrients,andeatingawidevarietyoffoodscanhelpusmeetourbody’sneeds.____17____Almosteveryonewouldagreethat“eattherainbow”isagoodruleofthumb.Don’tforgetfrozenvegetablesarejustashealthyasfreshandtheydon’tspoilasquickly.Yourimmune(免疫)systemwillgethurtifyoukeepeatingthesamefoods.AccordingtoastudypublishedintheBritishJournalofNutrition,theenhancednutritionfromavarieddietseemstoboostimmunity.____18____Peoplewhosedietshavelittlevariationaremorelikelytogetsickduetoaweakenedimmunesystem.Stickingtoeatingthesamefoodsleadstofoodboredom.____19____Itshouldbesomethingyoulookforwardto.Changingupwhatyoueatexposesyoutogreatnewfoodsandnewrecipes,andhelpsbringbackthefunineating.____20____Weseealotofpeoplefocusonasinglenutrientorfoodbecauseitattractsmediafame.Andwhileallfoodsaretobecelebratedfortheiruniquenutritionalquality,assigningyourselftoalimitedlistoffoodsbecausetheyarethemostwell-knownorwelldescribedwillboxyouinandcloseyouofffromvariousothervitalnutrients.A.Foodshouldbefun!B.Thishelpspeopleresistinfections.C.Butitmaynotbethebestthingforyourhealth.D.Youshouldeataplant-baseddietandeatlessmeat.E.Eatingthesamefoodsrestrictsyournutritionalsources.F.Thoughtasty,theycan’tprovidethenutritionyouneed.G.Eatthecolorsoftherainbowwhenitcomestofruitandvegetables.【答案】16.C17.G18.B19.A20.E【解析】【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了吃單一食物的壞處和吃各種各樣食物的好處。【16題詳解】上文“It’seasytosticktoeatingthesamefoodseveryday,especiallyifyoulovethem.”（堅(jiān)持每天吃同樣的食物很容易，特別是如果你喜歡它們。）說(shuō)你很容易只吃同一種食物，下文“Eatingthesamefoodscanleadtonutritionalshortage.”（吃同樣的食物會(huì)導(dǎo)致?tīng)I(yíng)養(yǎng)不足。）說(shuō)一直吃同樣的食物的壞處，空處起著承上啟下的作用。選項(xiàng)C.Butitmaynotbethebestthingforyourhealth.（但這可能不是對(duì)您的健康最好的事情）符合題意。故選C?！?7題詳解】下文“Almosteveryonewouldagreethat“eattherainbow”isagoodruleofthumb.”（幾乎每個(gè)人都會(huì)同意“吃彩虹”是一個(gè)很好的經(jīng)驗(yàn)法則）說(shuō)明吃多姿多彩的食物是一個(gè)法則，即建議我們要吃各種各樣的不同顏色的食物，選項(xiàng)G.Eatthecolorsoftherainbowwhenitcomestofruitandvegetables.（說(shuō)到水果和蔬菜，請(qǐng)吃彩虹那樣多姿多彩的顏色）符合題意，rainbow是關(guān)鍵詞。故選G。【18題詳解】上文“AccordingtoastudypublishedintheBritishJournalofNutrition,theenhancednutritionfromavarieddietseemstoboostimmunity.”（根據(jù)發(fā)表在《英國(guó)營(yíng)養(yǎng)學(xué)雜志》上的一項(xiàng)研究，通過(guò)多樣化的飲食來(lái)增強(qiáng)營(yíng)養(yǎng)似乎可以提高免疫力。）說(shuō)明來(lái)自不同種類(lèi)食物的營(yíng)養(yǎng)，能增強(qiáng)我們的免疫力，即它能幫助我們抵抗感染，選項(xiàng)B.Thishelpspeopleresistinfections.（這有助于人們抵抗感染）符合題意。故選B?！?9題詳解】下文“Changingupwhatyoueatexposesyoutogreatnewfoodsandnewrecipes,andhelpsbringbackthefunineating.”（改變你吃的東西會(huì)讓你接觸到很棒的新食物和新食譜，并有助于恢復(fù)飲食的樂(lè)趣。）說(shuō)明食物或飲食應(yīng)該是有趣的，選項(xiàng)A.Foodshouldbefun!（食物應(yīng)該很有趣?。┓项}意。故選A。【20題詳解】下文“Weseealotofpeoplefocusonasinglenutrientorfoodbecauseitattractsmediafame.Andwhileallfoodsaretobecelebratedfortheiruniquenutritionalquality,assigningyourselftoalimitedlistoffoodsbecausetheyarethemostwell-knownorwelldescribedwillboxyouinandcloseyouofffromvariousothervitalnutrients.”（我們看到很多人只關(guān)注一種營(yíng)養(yǎng)素或食物，因?yàn)樗嗣襟w的關(guān)注。雖然所有食物都因其獨(dú)特的營(yíng)養(yǎng)品質(zhì)而備受贊譽(yù)，但因?yàn)樗鼈兪亲钪蜃钣忻氖澄锒鴮⒆约菏澄锴鍐瘟斜碜兊糜邢?，?huì)讓你陷入困境，讓你遠(yuǎn)離各種其他重要的營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)。）說(shuō)明單一飲食會(huì)限制你的營(yíng)養(yǎng)來(lái)源，選項(xiàng)E.Eatingthesamefoodsrestrictsyournutritionalsources.（吃同樣的食物會(huì)限制你的營(yíng)養(yǎng)來(lái)源。）符合題意。故選E。第二部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿(mǎn)分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。AschoolinSarajevoismakingheadlines.The____21____beganinSeptemberlastyear.MirzanaCoralicrequestedtheprimaryschoolinherneighborhoodto____22____hersix-year-oldson,Zejd,whohasa____23____disability.Theteacher,SanelaLjumanovic,acceptedalmost____24____,butonthefirstdayofschool,shenoticedZejdsittingallbyhimself,unableto____25____withanyone.Sanela,determinedtofinda(n)____26____,trieddevelopingafewtricksandsigns.Butaparentofanotherchild____27____abetteridea—gettingthewholeclassto____28____signlanguagealongwithZejd.Theygotasignlanguageteacher,andthreemonthslater,Zejdwashappilyabletocommunicatewithallhisclassmatesabout____29____thingslikehomeworkandgames.Theotherkidsintheclassarequitehappyaswell.“I____30____tolearnZejd’slanguagesoIcantalktohimandotherdeafpeople,”saidoneofhisclassmates.Now,signlanguageisgettingquite____31____attheprimaryschool,withkidsfromotherclasses____32____tolearnaswell.Itishopedthatitcanbe____33____asapartoftheofficialcourse.“Signlanguageisgreatbecauseit____34____communicationandalsohelpschildrenbecomemore____35____topeoplewithdisabilities,”saidSanela.21.A.report B.message C.article D.story22.A.admit B.adopt C.invite D.defend23.A.learning B.speech C.hearing D.sight24.A.conditionally B.passively C.personally D.immediately25.A.cooperate B.interact C.compete D.stay26.A.solution B.explanation C.theory D.alternative27.A.selected B.imagined C.presented D.favored28.A.enjoy B.create C.design D.learn29.A.regular B.formal C.complex D.professional30.A.afford B.like C.prepare D.wait31.A.popular B.confusing C.challenging D.practical32.A.failing B.hesitating C.trying D.helping33.A.described B.known C.defined D.included34.A.enables B.shows C.stresses D.represents35.A.polite B.sensitive C.adaptable D.thankful【答案】21.D22.A23.C24.D25.B26.A27.C28.D29.A30.B31.A32.C33.D34.D35.C【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。文章介紹了Sarajevo學(xué)校一個(gè)班級(jí)的學(xué)生為了更好地與聾啞學(xué)生Zejd溝通，全部學(xué)會(huì)了手語(yǔ)的故事。【21題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：故事始于去年9月。A.report報(bào)告；B.message信息；C.article文章；D.story故事。由文章第一句“AschoolinSarajevoismakingheadlines.”和后文描述可知，本文講述了Sarajevo一家學(xué)校的故事。故選D?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：MirzanaCoralic請(qǐng)求她所在社區(qū)的小學(xué)接收她六歲有聽(tīng)力障礙的兒子Zejd。A.admit接收；B.adopt采納；C.invite邀請(qǐng)；D.defend保衛(wèi)。根據(jù)后文描寫(xiě)可知，因?yàn)閆ejd有聽(tīng)力障礙，所以MirzanaCoralic請(qǐng)求她所在社區(qū)的小學(xué)接收她的兒子。故選A。【23題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.learning學(xué)習(xí)；B.speech發(fā)言；C.hearing聽(tīng)力；D.sight視力。根據(jù)后文“l(fā)earnZejd’slanguagesoIcantalktohimandotherdeafpeople”可知，Zejd有聽(tīng)力障礙。故選C?！?4題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：這位名叫SanelaLjumanovic的老師幾乎馬上就接受了他的申請(qǐng)，但在開(kāi)學(xué)的第一天，她注意到Zejd一個(gè)人坐著，無(wú)法與任何人交流。A.conditionally有條件地；B.passively被動(dòng)地；C.personally個(gè)人地；D.immediately立刻地。由后文“onthefirstdayofschool”可知，Zejd很快就被學(xué)校接受了。故選D?！?5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.cooperate合作；B.interact交流、互動(dòng)；C.compete競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，比賽；D.stay停留。根據(jù)后文“Theygotasignlanguageteacher,andthreemonthslater,Zejdwashappilyabletocommunicatewith…”可知，Zejd無(wú)法和別人交流。故選B?！?6題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：Sanela決心找到一個(gè)解決辦法，他嘗試了一些技巧和手勢(shì)。A.solution解決辦法；B.explanation解釋?zhuān)籆.theory理論；D.alternative可供選擇的事情。根據(jù)前文描述可知，因?yàn)镾anela發(fā)現(xiàn)Zejd不能和別人交流，Sanela決心找一個(gè)解決辦法。故選A。27題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：但是另一個(gè)孩子的父母有一個(gè)更好的主意——讓整個(gè)班級(jí)和Zejd一起學(xué)習(xí)手語(yǔ)。A.selected選擇；B.imagined想象；C.presented提出；D.favored支持。由空后“abetteridea”可知，另一個(gè)孩子家長(zhǎng)提出一個(gè)更好的主意幫助Zejd。故選C?！?8題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.enjoy喜歡；B.create創(chuàng)造；C.design設(shè)計(jì)；D.learn學(xué)習(xí)。根據(jù)后“Theygotasignlanguageteacher,andthreemonthslater,Zejdwashappilyabletocommunicatewithallhisclassmates”可知，家長(zhǎng)提議讓全班人一起學(xué)手語(yǔ)。故選D?！?9題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他們請(qǐng)了一位手語(yǔ)老師，三個(gè)月后，Zejd就可以愉快地和他的同學(xué)交流日?，嵤?，比如家庭作業(yè)和游戲。A.regular平常的，常規(guī)的；B.formal正式的；C.complex復(fù)雜的；D.professional職業(yè)的。由后文“l(fā)ikehomeworkandgames.”可知，家庭作業(yè)和游戲是日常很常規(guī)的事情。故選A。【30題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：“我喜歡學(xué)習(xí)Zejd的語(yǔ)言，這樣我就可以和他和其他聾人交談，”他的一個(gè)同學(xué)說(shuō)。A.afford承擔(dān)得起；B.like喜歡；C.prepare準(zhǔn)備；D.wait等待。根據(jù)前文“Theotherkidsintheclassarequitehappyaswell.”可知，孩子們對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)手語(yǔ)很開(kāi)心，所以一個(gè)孩子表示喜歡學(xué)習(xí)Zejd的手語(yǔ)。故選B。【31題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：現(xiàn)在，手語(yǔ)在小學(xué)里越來(lái)越受歡迎，其他班級(jí)的孩子也在學(xué)習(xí)手語(yǔ)。A.popular受歡迎的；B.confusing令人困惑的；C.challenging有挑戰(zhàn)的；D.practical實(shí)際的。由后文“withkidsfromotherclasses…tolearnaswell.”可知，因?yàn)槠渌嗟暮⒆右矊W(xué)習(xí)手語(yǔ)，由此可知，手語(yǔ)在小學(xué)里越來(lái)越受歡迎。故選A。【32題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.failing失?。籅.hesitating猶豫；C.trying嘗試；D.helping幫助。因?yàn)槭终Z(yǔ)在小學(xué)受歡迎，所以越來(lái)越多人開(kāi)始嘗試學(xué)習(xí)手語(yǔ)。故選C?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：人們希望它能作為正式課程的一部分。A.described描述；B.known知道；C.defined下定義；D.included把……列入一部分。由前文描述可知，因?yàn)槭终Z(yǔ)在小學(xué)越來(lái)越受歡迎，所以人們喜歡能把手語(yǔ)作為正式課程的一部分。故選D。【34題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：Sanela說(shuō)：“手語(yǔ)很棒，因?yàn)橐馕吨鴾贤?，也幫助孩子們更適應(yīng)殘疾人?！盇.enables使能夠；B.shows展示；C.stresses強(qiáng)調(diào)；D.represents相當(dāng)于。由嘗試可知，手語(yǔ)意味著溝通。故選D。【35題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.polite禮貌的；B.sensitive敏感的；C.adaptable可適應(yīng)的；D.thankful感謝的。根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，學(xué)會(huì)手語(yǔ)能幫助孩子們更好地適應(yīng)殘疾人。故選C。第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Diwali,knownasthefestivaloflights,isaHindu(印度的)festival____36____(hold)inhonourofLakshmi,thegoddessofwealth.Ithaslongbeenaculturalholiday,duringwhichpeoplegettogether,haveparties,givegiftstoeachotherandgenerallyprayfor____37____better-offfuture.Forsomecommunities,thedayafterDiwali____38____(mark)thebeginningofthenewyear.ItsdateschangeeachyearbecausetheyarebasedontheHindulunarcalendar,but____39____(typical),thefestivaliscelebratedinOctoberorNovember.The____40____(celebrate)usuallylastsforseveraldays.Peoplewilloftenlinecandlesandlampsthroughouttheirhousesandalongtheirdriveways____41____(light)upthesurroundings.ForHindus,Diwaliisatime____42____charitablegivingandselflessservice.Theyarerequiredtoreflecton____43____theyaregratefulforandhowtheycanshinelightonothersaswell.Hindustraditionallyperformadeepcleaningoftheirhomesandsurroundings,ascleanliness____44____(believe)tobeaprayerforthepresenceofwealthandwell-being.Hindusalsocelebratewithcolorfulpatternsofflowers,powder,riceorsandonthefloor,____45____ismeanttobringgoodluck.【答案】36.held37.a38.marks39.typically40.celebration41.tolight42.for43.what44.isbelieved45.which【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要介紹的是印度的排燈節(jié)?！?6題詳解】考查過(guò)去分詞。句意：排燈節(jié)，又稱(chēng)燈節(jié)，是印度教為紀(jì)念財(cái)富女神拉克希米而舉行的節(jié)日。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處用非謂語(yǔ)形式，festival和hold之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，空格處用過(guò)去分詞held表被動(dòng)，故填held?！?7題詳解】考查冠詞。句意：它長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)一直是一個(gè)文化節(jié)日，在這期間，人們聚在一起，舉行聚會(huì)，互贈(zèng)禮物，通常祈禱未來(lái)更好。better-offfuture表泛指，前面需加不定冠詞，better-off是輔音音素開(kāi)頭，因此不定冠詞用a，故填a?！?8題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：對(duì)一些社區(qū)來(lái)說(shuō)，排燈節(jié)的第二天標(biāo)志著新年的開(kāi)始?？崭裉幨侵^語(yǔ)，句子描述客觀事實(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)theday是單數(shù)，因此空格處是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)marks，故填marks?！?9題詳解】考查副詞。句意：它日期每年都會(huì)改變，因?yàn)樗鼈兪腔谟《冉痰年帤v，但通常在10月或11月慶祝這個(gè)節(jié)日。空格處用副詞typically作狀語(yǔ)，typically意為“通?！?，故填typically?！?0題詳解】考查名詞。句意：慶祝活動(dòng)通常持續(xù)幾天。空格處用名詞作主語(yǔ)，celebrate的名詞是celebration，由后面的lasts可知，空格處用單數(shù)，故填celebration?！?1題詳解】考查不定式。句意：人們經(jīng)常會(huì)在他們的房子和車(chē)道上放上蠟燭和燈來(lái)照亮周?chē)沫h(huán)境。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，空格處用不定式表目的，故填tolight?！?2題詳解】考查介詞。句意：對(duì)印度教徒來(lái)說(shuō)，排燈節(jié)是一個(gè)慈善捐贈(zèng)和無(wú)私服務(wù)的日子。atimefor意為“做某事的時(shí)間”，根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，句子表示“排燈節(jié)是一個(gè)慈善捐贈(zèng)和無(wú)私服務(wù)的日子”，因此空格處用介詞for，故填for?！?3題詳解】考查賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。句意：他們被要求反思他們所感激的，以及他們?nèi)绾文苷樟了?。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，從句中缺少賓語(yǔ)，因此空格處用引導(dǎo)詞what，故填what?！?4題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)，語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：印度教徒傳統(tǒng)上對(duì)他們的家和周?chē)h(huán)境進(jìn)行深度清潔，因?yàn)榍鍧嵄徽J(rèn)為是祈求財(cái)富和幸福的象征。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，句子表示“清潔被認(rèn)為是祈求財(cái)富和幸福的象征”，句子用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，通篇時(shí)態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，因此空格處是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，即is/aredone，主語(yǔ)cleanliness是不可數(shù)名詞，因此空格處是isbelieved，故填isbelieved。45題詳解】考查定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。句意：印度教徒還會(huì)在地板上擺放彩色圖案的花、粉、米或沙子來(lái)慶祝，這意味著會(huì)帶來(lái)好運(yùn)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，指代前面整個(gè)主句，因此空格處用關(guān)系代詞which，故填which。第三部分寫(xiě)作（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分40分）第一節(jié)（滿(mǎn)分15分）46.假定你是新華國(guó)際學(xué)校的學(xué)生李華，你校擬組織學(xué)生本周末去博物館參觀“中國(guó)百年成就”展，請(qǐng)你用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)一則通知，要點(diǎn)如下：1.活動(dòng)目的：2.活動(dòng)安排（時(shí)間、交通方式等）；3.參加人員。注意：1.寫(xiě)作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右；2.參考詞匯：中國(guó)百年成就China’s100-yearAchievements；3.請(qǐng)按如下格式作答。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Notice

Fellowstudents,

Wearegoingtovisittheexhibition"China’s100-yearAchievements"atthemuseumthisweekend,whichisintendedtoenablethestudentstolearnaboutthegreatachievementsacquiredinthelastonehundredyears.Wewillmeetattheschoolgateateightinthemorningandwewillgotherebybus.Allthestudentsmusttakepartintheactivity.Takeyourpensandnotebookswithyou.Weshouldlistenandwatchcarefullyandwritedownsomethinginterestingwhenyouvisittheexhibition.Pleasedon'tmakeanynoisesinthemuseumanddon'ttakeanypictures.You'llhavetohandinareportaboutthevisitnextMonday.

Students'Union

【解析】【分析】本篇書(shū)面表達(dá)屬于應(yīng)用文，要求考生用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)一則通知，通知學(xué)生本周末去博物館參觀“中國(guó)百年成就”展?！驹斀狻?.詞匯積累展覽：exhibition→display照片：picture→photo參加：takepartin→participatein上交：handin→turnin2.句式拓展簡(jiǎn)單句變復(fù)合句原句：Wewillmeetattheschoolgateateightinthemorningandwewillgothere