初中英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)總結(jié)1

初中階段，要求學(xué)生掌握動(dòng)詞6種時(shí)態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)(一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，一般過(guò)去時(shí)，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，和一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài))及它們的主要用法和區(qū)別。了解過(guò)去將來(lái)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)的基本用法，解題時(shí)注意找出關(guān)鍵詞，正確判斷出時(shí)態(tài)，按時(shí)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)正確變化動(dòng)詞。注意句子時(shí)態(tài)的一致性，注意對(duì)特殊時(shí)態(tài)的處理。1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：用法:1)現(xiàn)階段經(jīng)常性，習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。例如：Igetupatsixeverymorning.Heplaystennisonceaweek.2)現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)。例如：Mymotherisateacher.SheteachesEnglishinaschool.3）客觀真理。例如：Theearthgoesaroundthesun.4）常用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：often，usually，sometimes，always，everyday，never，inthemorning等連用時(shí)。構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ)是I,we,you,they和名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)作謂語(yǔ)的行為動(dòng)詞用原形。主語(yǔ)是he,she,it和名詞單數(shù)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)的變法如下：一般情況＋s以s,x,ch,sh,o結(jié)尾＋es以輔音＋y結(jié)尾變y為i＋es主語(yǔ)為第三人稱和名詞單數(shù)時(shí)：肯定式:S+V/動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)否定式:S+don't/doesn't+V+其他疑問(wèn)式:Do/Does+S+V+其他簡(jiǎn)略回答:(肯)Yes,S+do/does(否)No,S+do/doesnot注意：have的第三人稱單數(shù)為has主語(yǔ)肯定式否定式疑問(wèn)式第一、二人稱和第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)以及名詞復(fù)數(shù)Iamastudent.We/You/Theyarestudents.He/Sheisastudent.I/We/You/They/likemusic.Manypeoplelikemusic.Iamnotastudent.We/You/Theyarenotstudents.He/Sheisnotastudent.I/We/You/They/don’tlikemusic.Manypeopledon’tlikemusic.Areyouastudent.Areyou/theystudents?Ishe/sheastudent?Doyou/theylikemusic?Domanypeoplelikemusic?當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是第一、二人稱和第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)以及名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)：肯定式:S+be+···否定式:S+be+not+···疑問(wèn)式:Am/Is/Are+S+···?簡(jiǎn)略回答:(肯)Yes,S+be.(否)No,S+be.練習(xí)題：---MayIhelpyou,sir?---Yes,IboughttheTVthedaybeforeyesterday,butit______.A.didn’tworkB.doesn’tworkC.won’tworkD.can’twork2．______thebusuntilit______..A.Getoff,stopsB.Getoff,willstopC.Don’tgetoff,stopsD.Don’tgetoff,willstop3．The70-year-oldman______exercisesinthemorning.A.takesB.aretakingC.tookD.willtake2.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)用法：1）說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作（動(dòng)作是在說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行）。例如：Sheishavingabathnow.2）現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作（但是動(dòng)作并不是必須在說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行）。例如：Youareworkinghardtoday.KatewantstoworkinItaly,sosheislearningItalian.Thepopulationoftheworldisgrowingveryfast.3）頻度副詞always,forever等詞連用時(shí)，表示某種強(qiáng)烈的感情。如：Heisalwaystryingoutnewideas.(表示欣賞，表?yè)P(yáng))4）表示按計(jì)劃即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作（僅限于go,come,arrive,leave,start,fly,begin,stay等動(dòng)詞）。如：Thepartyisbeginningat8:00o’clock..5)常用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：now,look,listen等。構(gòu)成：be+v-ingv-ing現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成：一般情況cook-cooking以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾的單詞。去e,加ingmake-making,taste-tasting以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的單詞，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母時(shí).run-running,stop-stopping,2)肯定句、否定句、疑問(wèn)句形式：肯定句：S+be+V-ing否定句：S+be+not+V-ing一般疑問(wèn)句：Is(Are)+S+V-ing？特殊疑問(wèn)：wh_+be+S+V-ing?e.g.主語(yǔ)肯定式否定式疑問(wèn)式第一、二人稱和第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)以及名詞復(fù)數(shù)Iamdriving.He/She/Itisworking.We/You/Theyaredoingsomething.Iamnotdriving.He/She/Itisnotworking.We/You/Theyarenotdoinganything.Areyoudriving?Ishe/she/itworking?Areyou/theydoingsomething?練習(xí)題：1．Idon’tthinkthatit’strue.She’s______lies.A.tellB.tellsC.tellingD.toldHow______you______withthenewjob?A.do,doB.do,getalongC.are,doingD.are,gettingon3．---Arethesesocksyours?---No.Mine______outsideontheclothesline.A.arehangingB.havehungC.hangD.hung3．一般將來(lái)時(shí)用法：1．將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例如：IwillleaveforBeijingtomorrow.2．將要存在的狀態(tài)。例如：ThistimenextyearIwillbeinJapan.Wherewillyoube?3．打算要做的事。例如：Areyougoingtowatchthefilmontelevisiontonight?3)常用于一般將來(lái)時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：tomorrownextweekin2012等。構(gòu)成：1.助動(dòng)詞will(shall)+v2.be+goingto+v練習(xí)題：1.I______forHongKongonSaturday.Willyougotoseemeoffattheairport？A.amleavingB.amleftC.amgoingtoleavingD.left2.I______toseegrandmaandhelpherwithsomehouseworkeveryweek.A.cameB.amgoingcomeC.comeD.willcome3.WeChinese______theOlympicGamesin2008.A.heldB.shallholdingC.areholdingD.aregoingtohold4．一般過(guò)去時(shí)用法：過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例如：Thepolicestoppedmeonmywayhomelastnight.過(guò)去存在的狀態(tài)。例如：Theyweren'tabletocomebecausetheyweresobusy.3.常用于一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：yesterday，threemonthsago，lastyear，in1979，等。構(gòu)成：S+V-ed用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式。作謂語(yǔ)的行為動(dòng)詞的詞尾變化如下：一般情況+ed以e字母結(jié)尾的輔音+d以輔音字母＋y結(jié)尾去y變i＋ed重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的單詞，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母雙寫詞尾字母+ed2）一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的肯定句、否定句和疑問(wèn)句形式（以be和like為例）：主語(yǔ)肯定式否定式疑問(wèn)式第一、二人稱和第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)以及名詞復(fù)數(shù)Iwasastudent.We/You/Theywerestudents.He/Shewasastudent.I/We/You/They/likedmusic.Manypeoplelikedmusic.Iwasnotastudent.We/You/Theywerenotstudents.He/Shewasnotastudent.I/We/You/They/didn’tlikemusic.Manypeopledidn’tlikemusic.Wereyouastudent.Wereyou/theystudents?Washe/sheastudent?Didyou/theylikemusic?Didmanypeoplelikemusic?練習(xí)題：Mr.Mottisout.Buthe______hereafewminutesago.A.wasB.isC.willbeD.wouldbe2．---Hi,Tom.---Hello,Fancy.I______youwerehere.A.don’tknowB.won’tthinkC.thinkD.didn’tknow3．HepromisedtotellmebyhimselfwhenI______.A.comeB.wouldcomeC.comeD.hadcome5、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)概念：1)過(guò)去某一階段或某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。例如：ThistimelastyearIwaslivinginBrazil.Whatwereyoudoingat10o'clocklastnight?2)常用于過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：atfouryesterdayafternoon，then，atthattime/moment等。構(gòu)成：was/were+v-ing1）Daddypromisedmehe______meacomputerA.wasboughtB.hadboughtCboughtD.wouldbuy2）Theysaidthey______dosomesportsifitwasfine.A.weregoingtoB.wentC.wouldgoingD.weregoing6、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)概念：1)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果.常與already,just,ever,never,before等詞連用.如:Shehasneverreadthisnovel.2)表示“過(guò)去的動(dòng)作”一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并有可能繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去.常與for(后跟段時(shí)間)或since(后跟點(diǎn)時(shí)間)等連用.如:IhavebeenamemberofthePartyfor10years.IhavebeenamemberofthePartysince10yearsago.注：在有for和since引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的句子中不能用短暫性動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)用與之相應(yīng)的表示狀態(tài)的詞。如：Hehasdiedfor3years.(F)Hehasbeendeadfor3years.(T)注：①現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能和表示明確的過(guò)去時(shí)間連用。如：in1998,lastmorning等②have/hasbeento表示“去過(guò)”（去了又回來(lái)了）have/hasgoneto表示“去過(guò)”（去了沒(méi)回來(lái)了）如：Wherehasshegone?(句中所指的人不在)Wherehasshebeen?(句中作指的人在)構(gòu)成：have/has+v-ing2）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的肯定句、否定句和疑問(wèn)句形式（以be和see為例）：肯定句：S+have（has）+V-ed否定句：S+have（has）+not(haven’t,hasn’t)+V-ed一般疑問(wèn)句：Have(Has)+S+V-ed+？特殊疑問(wèn)句：wh_+have(has)+S+V-ed+？主語(yǔ)肯定式否定式疑問(wèn)式第一、二人稱和第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)以及名詞復(fù)數(shù)I/We/You/Theyhavebeenherebefore.He/Shehasbeenherebefore..I/We/You/They/Manypeoplehaveseenthefilm.I/We/You/Theyhaven’tbeenherebefore.He/Shehasn’tbeenherebefore..I/We/You/They/Manypeoplehaven’tseenthefilm.Haveyou/theybeenherebefore?Hashe/shebeenherebefore?Haveyou/they/manypeopleseenthefilm?練習(xí)題：1.--Howlong______he______afever?---Eversincelastnight.A.have,gotB.have,hadC.have,caughtD.did,have2.Mybowlisempty.Who______allmysoup?A.drinksB.haddrunkC.hasdrunkD.drank3.I______youforalongtime.Where______you______?A.Didn’tseen;did,goB.didn’tsee;have,goneC.haven’tseen;have,beenD.haven’tseen;havegone7、過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)用法：1、表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之