2023年職稱英語(yǔ)考試?yán)砉ゎ怌級(jí)真題試卷及參考答案

第一局部：詞匯選項(xiàng)〔第1~15題，每題1分，共15分〕下面每個(gè)句子中均有1個(gè)詞或者短語(yǔ)有括號(hào)，請(qǐng)為每處括號(hào)局部確定1個(gè)意義最為接近的選項(xiàng)。1、Thestormcausedseveredamage.A．physicalB．a(chǎn)ccidentalC．seriousD．environmental【答案】：C2、ManyformsofcancercanbecuredifdetectedearlyA．selectedB．operatedC．developedD．discovered【答案】：D3、ThestorywaspublishedwiththesolepurposeofsellingnewspapersA．realB．mainC．onlyD．practical【答案】：C4、AlargecrowdassembledoutsidetheAmericanembassyA．gatheredB．watchedC．shoutedD．walked【答案】：A5、HekeptinconstantcontactwithhisfamilywhilehewasinAustraliaA．gradualB．regularC．direstD．occasional【答案】：B6、OnthetablewasavasefilledwithartificialflowersA．wildB．freshC．lovelyD．false【答案】：D7、WehadtroublefindingapurewatersupplyA．typicalB．completeC．cleanD．clear【答案】：C8、“Whatdoyoumeanbythat〞PaulaskedsharplyA．criticallyB．helplessyC．politelyD．quickly【答案】：A9、SheonlyneedsaminuteamountofmoneyA．certainB．fairC．fullD．small【答案】：D10、KeepyourpassportinasecureplaceA．specialB．goodC．safeD．different【答案】：C11、HeinspiredmanyyoungpeopletotakeupthesportA．encouragedB．a(chǎn)llowedC．calledD．a(chǎn)dvised【答案】：A12、Didsheaccepthisresearchproposal?A．invitationB．planC．offerD．view【答案】：B13、ThecitycentrewaswipedoutbythebombA．coveredB．destroyedC．reducedD．moved【答案】：B14、I’dliketowithdraw500frommycurrentaccountA．leaveB．payC．putD．draw【答案】：D15、ThecontempthefeltforhisfellowstudentswasobviousA．hateB．needC．loveD．pity【答案】：D第二局部：閱讀判斷〔第16~22題，每題1分，共7分〕下面的短文后列出了7個(gè)句子，請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對(duì)每個(gè)句子做出判斷；如果該句提供的是正確信息，請(qǐng)選擇A；如果該句提供的是錯(cuò)誤信息，請(qǐng)選擇B；如果該句的信息文中沒有提及，請(qǐng)選擇C。EasternQuakesCanTriggerBigShakesInthefirstweekofNovember2023,peopleincentralOklahomaexperiencedmorethantwodozenearthquakes.Thelargest,amagnitude5.6quake,shookthousandsoffansinacollegefootballstadium,causedcracksinafewbuildingsandrattledthenervesofmanypeoplewhohadneverfeltaquakebefore.Oklahomaisnotanareaofthecountryfamousforitsquakes.IfyouwatchthenewsonTV,youseereportsaboutallsortsofnaturaldisasters—hurricanes,tornadoes,floodingandwildfires,tonameafew.Butthemostdangeroustypeofnaturaldisaster,andalsothemostunpredictable,istheearthquake.ResearchersattheU.S.GeologicalSurveyestimatethatseveralmillionearthquakesrattletheglobeeachyear.Thatmaysoundscary,butpeopledon’tfeelmanyofthetremorsbecausetheyhappeninremoteandunpopulatedregions.Manyquakeshappenundertheocean,andothershaveaverysmallmagnitude,orshakingintensity.Amagnitude5.8earthquakethatstruckcentralVirginiatheafternoonofAugust23,2023,wasfeltfromcentralGeorgiatosoutheasternCanada.Inmanyurbanareas,includingWashington,D.C.,andNewYorkCity(WallStreetshown),peoplecrowdedthestreetswhileengineersinspectedbuildings.Credit:Wikimedia/AlexTabakScientistsknowaboutsmall,remotequakesonlybecauseofverysensitiveelectronicdevicescalledseismometers.Thesedevicesdetectandmeasurethesizeofgroundvibrationsproducedbyearthquakes.Altogether,USGSresearchersuseseismometerstoidentifyandlocateabout20,000earthquakeseachyear.Althoughearthquakescanhappenanywhereintheworld,reallybigquakesoccuronlyincertainareas.Thelargestonesregisteramagnitude8orhigherandhappen,onaverage,onlyonceeachyear.SuchbigonestypicallyoccuralongtheedgesofEarth’stectonicplates.TectonicplatesarehugepiecesofEarth’scrust,sometimesmanykilometersthick.Theseplatescoverourplanet’ssurfacelikeajigsawpuzzle.Often,jaggededgesoftheseplatestemporarilylocktogether.Whenplatesjostleandscrapepasteachotherearthquakesoccur.Onaverage,tectonicplatesmoveveryslowly—aboutthesamespeedasyourfingernailsgrow.Butsometimesearthquakesrumblethroughportionsofthelandscapefarfromaplate’sedges.Althoughlessexpected,these“mid-plate〞tremorscandosubstantialdamage.SomeofthebiggestknownexamplesrattledtheeasternhalfoftheUnitedStatestwocenturiesago.Today,scientistsarestillpuzzlingoverwhythequakesoccurredandwhensimilaronesmightoccur.16.Oklahomaisanareaoftenexperiencingnaturaldisasters.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned【答案】：B17.Theearthquakeisthemostunpredictablenaturaldisaster.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned【答案】：C18.Fewearthquakeshappenwithoutpeople'sawareness.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned【答案】：B19.SeismometerscanidentifyandlocatemostoftheearthquakesinChina.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned【答案】：C20.Bigearthquakesofamagnitude80rhigherseldomhappenfarfromtheedgesoftectonicplates.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned【答案】：A21.Whenevertectonicplatesmove,earthquakeshappen.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned【答案】：B22.TheearthquakethathittheeasternhalfoftheUnitedStatestwocenturiesagoisthebiggest"mid-plate"oneinhistory.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned【答案】：C第三局部：概括大意和完成句子〔第23~30題，每題1分，共8分〕下面的短文后有2項(xiàng)測(cè)試任務(wù)：〔1〕第23~26題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為指定段落每段選擇1個(gè)小標(biāo)題；〔2〕第27~30題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為每個(gè)句子確定一個(gè)最正確選項(xiàng)。LearnaboutLight1Ancientcivilizationswereamazedbytheexistenceoflightforthousandsofyears.TheGreekphilosophersbelievedthatlightwasmadeupofcountless,tinyparticlesthatenterthehumaneyeandcreatewhatwecallvision.However,EmpedoclesandaDutchscientistnamedChristianHuygensbelievedthatlightwaslikeawave.Accordingtothem,lightspreadoutandtravelledlikeastraightline.Thistheorywasacceptedduringthe19thcentury.2ln1905,AlbertEinsteinpublishedaresearchpaperinwhichheexplainedwhatisreferredtoasthephotoelectriceffect.Thistheoryexplainsthatparticlesmakeuplight.TheparticlesEinsteinwasreferringtoareweightlessbundles〔束〕ofelectromagnetic〔電磁〕energycalledphotons〔光子〕.Today,scientistsagreethatlighthasadual〔二重〕nature—itispartparticleandpartwave.Itisaformofenergythatallowsustoseethingsaroundus.3Thingsthatgiveofflightareknownassourcesoflight.Duringtheday,theprimarysourceoflightisthesun.Othersourcesoflightincludestars,flames,flashlights,streetlampsandglowinggasesinglasstube.4Whenwedrawthewaylighttravelswealwaysusestraightlines.Thisisbecausenormallylightraystravelinastraightline.However,therearesomeinstancesthatcanchangethepathandeventhenatureoflight.Theyarereflection,absorption,interference〔干擾〕,etc.5Physicistshaveattemptedtomeasurethespeedoflightsincetheearlytimes.In1849,HippolyteFizeauconductedanexperimentbydirectingabeamoflighttoamirrorlocatedkilometersawayandplacedarotatingcogwheel〔旋轉(zhuǎn)齒輪〕betweenthebeamandthemirror.Fromtherateofrotationofthewheel,numberofwheel’steethanddistanceofthemirror,hewasabletocalculatethatthespeedoflightis313millionmeterspersecond.Inavacuum〔真空〕,however,thespeedoflightis299,792,458meterspersecond.Thisisaboutamilliontimesfasterthanthespeedofanairplane.23.Paragraph2___A___24.Paragraph3___B___25.Paragraph4___D___26.Paragraph5___C___A.Howisthenatureoflightexplainedtoday?B.Whataresourcesoflight?C.Howdidphysicistsmeasurethespeedoflight?D.Howdoeslighttravel?E.Howdidpeoplethinkoflightyearsago?F.Whatcausesashadow?27.Objectsarevisibletothehumaneyeaslightis__D____28.Stars,flames,flashlightsaresomeexamplesof___A___29.Someinstancessuchasreflectionandabsorptioncanchange___C___30.HippolyteFizeauconductedanexperimenttomeasure___E___A.sourcesoflightB.thespeedoflightC.thepathoflightD.astraightlineE.abeamoflightF.aformofenergy第四局部：閱讀理解〔第31~45題，每題3分，共45分〕下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題。請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，為每題確定1個(gè)最正確選項(xiàng)。第一篇Graphene'sSuperstrengthBigtechnologycomesintinypackages.Newcellphonesandpersonalcomputersgetsmallereveryyear,whichmeanstheseelectronicsrequireevensmallercomponentsontheinside.Engineersarelookingforcreativewaystobuildthesecomponents,andthey'veturnedtheireyestographene,asuperthinmaterial,madeofcarbon,thatcouldchangethefutureofelectronics.Thisyear'sNobelPrizeforPhysicshasbeenawardedtoAndreGeimandKostyaNovoselovfromtheUniversityofManchester,UK.forthediscoveryofgraphene.Grapheneisn'tjustsmall,it's"thethinnestpossiblematerialinthisworld."saysNovoselov.Hecallsita"wondermaterial."It'ssothinthatyouwouldneedtostackabout25,000sheetsjusttomakeapileasthickasapieceofordinarywhitepaper.Ifyouweretoholdasheetofgrapheneinyourfingers,you'dhavenoideabecauseyouwouldn'tbeabletoseeit.Carbonisoneofthemostabundantelementsintheuniverse.Everyknownkindoflifecontainscarbon.Grapheneisasheetofcarbon,butonlyoneatomthick.Youdon'thavetolookfartofindgraphene—it'sallaroundyou.Ifyouwantthishigh-techwonderstuff,allyouneedisapencil,paperandalittleadhesivetape.Usethepenciltoshadeasmallareaonthepaper,andthenapplyasmallpieceofadhesivetapeoverthearea.Whenyoupullupthetape,you'11seethatitpullsupathinlayerofsomeoftheshadingfromyourpencil.Thatlayeriscalledgraphite,oneofthesoftestmineralsintheworld.Nowstickthesamepieceoftapeonanothersheetofpaperandpullthetapeup---thereshouldbeaneventhinnerlayer,thistimeleftonthepaper.Nowimaginethatyoudothisoverandover,untilyougetthethinnestpossiblelayerofmaterialonthepaper.Thislayerwouldbeonlyoneatomthick,andyouwouldn'tbeabletoseeit.Graphiteismadeoflayersofgraphene.Sowhenyougettothethinnestpossiblelayer,you'vefoundgraphene.31.Whatwouldchangethefutureofelectronicsaccordingtoengineers?A.Personalcomputer.B.Bigtechnology.C.Graphene.D.Creativeways.【答案】：C32.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutgrapheneistrue?A.Itisvisibletothehumaneye.B.Itispossiblythethinnestmaterialintheworld.C.Itcanbeusedtomakepaper.D.Findingitdemandstimeandmoney.【答案】：B33.Theword“apply〞inparagraph4couldbeusedtoreplacedby?A.push.B.find.C.collect.D.put.【答案】：D34.Whatdoesthewritertellinthelasttwoparagraph?A.Aneasywaytofindgraphene.B.Significanceofthediscoveryofgraphene.C.Developmentofhigh-techwonders.D.Possibleapplicationsofgraphene.【答案】：A35.Graphene'ssuperstrengthliesinthefactthat.A.Itisthethinnestmaterialintheworld.B.Itismadeofthemostabundantelementsintheworld.C.Itcanhelptomakeelectroniccomponentssmaller.D.Ithelpsengineerstoproducemoresensitiveelectronicproducts.【答案】：C第二篇PuertoRicanCuisine〔菜肴〕PuertoRico,aCaribbean(加勒比海區(qū))islandrichinhistoryandremarkablenaturalbeauty,hasacuisineallitsown.Immigration〔移民〕totheislandhashelpedtoshapeitscuisine,withpeoplefromallovertheworldmakingvariouscontributionstoit.However,beforethearrivaloftheseimmigrants,theTainopeoplelivedontheislandofPuertoRico.Tainocuisineincludedsuchfoodsasrodents(嚙齒動(dòng)物),freshshellfishandfishfriedincornoil.ManyaspectsofTainocuisinecontinuetodayinPuertoRicancooking,butithasbeenheavilyinfluencedbytheSpanish,whoinvadedPuertoRicoin1508,andAfricans,whowereinitiallybroughttoPuertoRicotoworkasslaves.TainocookingstylesweremixedwithideasbroughtbytheSpanishandAfricanstocreatenewdishes.TheSpanishextendedfoodchoicesbybringingcattle,pigs,goats,andsheeptotheisland.Africansalsoaddedtotheisland'sfoodculturebyintroducingpowerful,contrastingtastesindishes.Infact,muchofthefoodPuertoRicoisnowfamousfor-coffee,coconuts,andoranges-wasactuallyimportedbyforeignerstotheisland.AcommonassumptionmanypeoplemakeaboutPuertoRicanfoodisthatitisveryspicy(辛辣的).lt'struethatchilipeppersarepopular;aijcaballeroinparticularisaveryhotchilipepperthatPuertoRicansenjoy.However,milder(微辣的)tastesarepopulartoo,suchassofrito.AsthebaseofmanyPuertoRicandishes,sofritoisasaucemadefromchoppedonions,greenbellpeppers,sweetchilipeppers,andahandfulofotherspices.Itisfriedinoilandthenaddedtootherdishes.36、wholivedinPuertoRicofirstA．theAfricansB．theSpanishC．theAmericansD．theTainopeople【答案】：D37、Inthefirstparagraphtheword“it〞r(shí)eferstoA．immigrationB．CaribbeanhistoryC．theisland’snaturalbeautyD．PuertoRicancuisine【答案】：D38、whatisthemainideaofthesecondparagraph?A．TainodishesareimportantinPuertoRicancookingB．Foodimportedbyforeignersisn’treallyPuertoRicanC．PuertoRicancookinghasmanyoutsideinfluencesD．Africanfoodshaveprobablyhadthemostinfluence【答案】：C39、Howissofritoused？A．ItiseatenbeforemealsB．ItisaddedtootherdishesC．ItisusedwherefoodsaretoospicyD．Itiseatenasamaindish【答案】：B40、whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A．softitoisatypeofextremelyspicyfoodB．ManypeoplethinkPuertoRicanfoodisspicyC．PuertoRicancuisineusesalotofchilipeppersD．Aijcaballeroisatypeofchilepepper【答案】：A第三篇ArchiveGallery:TheBestofBionics〔仿生學(xué)〕Humansmightbethemosthighly-evolvedspeciesontheplanet,butmostanimalspossessskillswecanonlydreamofhaving.Imaginehowmuchelectricitywecouldsaveifwecouldseeinthedarkthewaycatsdo.Imagineleapingfromtreetotreelikeamonkey.Giraffes〔長(zhǎng)頸鹿〕,whichareotherwisecalmandgood-natured,sleeponly4.6hoursaday.Werealizedalong,longtimeagothatnatureprovidesthebestblueprint〔藍(lán)圖〕forinvention.We'veborrowedcanalsfrombeavers〔河貍〕andreflectorsfromcat'seyes.Althoughthewords"bionics"becamepopularonlyafterthe1960s,historyshowsthatnaturehasalwaysprovidedideasonsolvingeverydayproblems.Ourarchives〔檔案〕don'tgobacktothetimeofLeonardodaVinciandhisbird-likeflyingmachines,butwecantakeyoutothelate19thcentury,whereweappliedthosesameprinciplesforbuildingourfirstpracticalairplanes.TopreparefortheirflightatKittyHawk,theWrightbrothersstudiedthemovementsofpigeonstofigureouthowtheystayedhighupwhentheywereheavierthanair.Theirsuccessinspiredscoresofsuccessorstoimproveontheairplanebystudyingvariousaspectsofnature.OneofOrvilleWright'spupilscaughtandstuffedseagullstoexaminetheirwingspan.Meanwhile,twoFrenchinventorsexaminedspinningsycamore(梧桐)seedsinanefforttoapplythosesamemotions,reversed,toahelicopter.Someexamplesaremoreobviousthanothers.TheoutsideoftheairplanedesignedbytheWrightbrotherslookslikeaminimalistic〔簡(jiǎn)單抽象藝術(shù)〕structure.Ontheotherhand,BarneyConnett'sfishsubmarine〔潛水艇〕actuallylookslikeafish.Somebio-inspiredconceptshaveyettobeinvented.Inthe1960s,theUSArmycommissionedseveraluniversityprofessorstoconductresearchonthemotorskillsofanimalsinhopeofapplyingthosesameabilitiestotanks.Tanksthatrunlikehorsesorjumplikegrasshoppers〔螞蚱〕-soundsshocking,doesn'tit?Butimaginehowlifewouldchangeifwecouldachievethat.41."Cats","monkeys"and'giraffes"mentionedinparagraph1areexamplestoillustrateA.theyarehighly-evolvedspeciesashumans.B.animalshaveskillsthathumansdonotpossess.C.humanscanlearnanimals'skills.D.theyareskillfulindifferentways.【答案】：B42.Whichofthefollowingcanbefoundinthearchivegallery?A.Firstpracticalairplanesbuiltinthelate19thcentury.B.Historybooks.C.TheWrightbrothers'sculpture.D.LeonardodaVinci'sbird-likeflyingmachines.【答案】：A43.WhathappenedaftertheWrightbrothers'success?A.Peoplecarriedoutasystematicstudyonpigeons.B.Peoplecouldflytheirairplaneforfun.C.PeoplekepttheirairplaneataFrenchgallery.D.Peoplestudiedmoreanimalsandplantstodeveloptheairplane.【答案】：D44.WhichofthefollowingistrueabouttheresearchcarriedoutbytheUSArmy?A.Ithaschangedourlife.B.Ithascostalargesumofmoney.C.Ithasimprovedtheabilitiesoftanks.D.Ithasnotsucceededyet.【答案】：C45.Whatdoesthewriterwanttotellinthepassage?A.Someanimalspossessuniqueskills.B.Manyinventionsgetideasfromnature.C.Peopleshouldprotectnature.D.Bionicsisfarfromperfect.【答案】：B第5局部：補(bǔ)全短文〔第46~50題，每題2分，共10分〕下面的短文有5處空白，短文后有6個(gè)句子，其中5個(gè)取自短文，請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容將其分別放回原有位置，以恢復(fù)文章面貌。ForestsforCitiesYouarestandinginabeautifulforestinJapan.Theairiscleanandsmellslikeplantsandflowers.Thereare175differentkindsoftrees,and60kindsofbirdslivehere.___C____(46)YouaredowntowninthecityofNara,Japan,inKasugayamaForest,theoldesturbanforestintheworld.Itwasstartedmorethanathousandyearsago,andtodayit'sverypopularwithtouristsandartists.Citiesaroundtheworldareworkingtoprotecttheirurbanforests.Someurbanforestsareparks,andsomearejuststreetswithalotoftrees.Butallurbanforestshavemanygoodeffectsontheenvironment.____D___(47)Theyalsostopthenoisefromheavytraffic.Theyevenmaketheweatherbetterbecausetheymaketheair3-5degreescooler,andtheystopstrongwinds.Urbanforestsalsohavemanygoodeffectsonpeople.Theymakethecitymorebeautiful.Inacrowdedarea,theygivepeopleaplacetorelaxandspendtimeinnature.___B__(48)Insomecountries,peoplearestartingnewurbanforests.InEngland,therearenow1.3milliontreesinanurbanforestcalledThamesChase,eastofLondon.Itwasstartedin1990,andithasgrownveryfast.Walkingandbicycleclubsusetheforest,andthereareprogramsforchildrenandartists.__E__(49)Someoldercitiesdon'thavespaceforabigurbanforest,butplantingtreesonthestreetsmakesthecitybetter.Scientistsfoundthatcommuters(通勤人員)feelmorerelaxedwhentheycanseetrees.Treesareevengoodforbusiness.___A____(50)Inthefuture,urbanforestswillbecomeevenmoreimportantasourcitiesgrowbigger.Inthemegacities(超大城市)oftomorrow,peoplewillneedmoregreenspacetoliveacomfortablelife.Plantingtreestodaywillmakeourlivesbetterinthefuture.A．PeoplespendmoretimeatshoppingcentersthathavetreesB．Inhotcountries，urbanforestsarecoolplacesforwalkingandotherhealthyexercisesC．ButyouarenotinruralareaD．TreestakepollutionoutoftheairE．In2033，itwillhave5milliontreesF．Ithasmanykindsofbirdsinthecountry第6局部：完形填空〔第52~65題，每題1分，共15分〕下面的短文有15處空白，請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容為每處空白確定1個(gè)最正確選項(xiàng)。Germs〔細(xì)菌〕onBanknotesPeopleindifferentcountriesusedifferenttypesofmoney:yuaninChina,pesosinMexico,poundsintheUnitedKingdom,dollarsintheUnitedStates,AustraliaandNewZealand.Theymayusedifferentcurrencies,butthesecountries,andprobablyallcountries,stillhaveonethingin______(51)〔變化〕:germsonthebanknotes.Scientistshavebeenstudyingthegermsonmoneyforwellover。100years.Attheturnofthe20th______(52),someresearchersbegantosuspectthatgermslivingonmoneycouldspreaddisease.Moststudiesofgermymoneyhavelookedatthegermsonthecurrency______(53)onecountry.Inanewstudy,FrankVriesekoopandotherresearcherscomparedthegermpopulationsfoundonbillsofdifferent______(54).VriesekoopisamicrobiologistattheUniversityofBallaratinAustralia.Heledthestudy,whichcomparedthegermpopulationsfoundonmoney______(55)from10nations.Thescientistsstudiedl,280banknotesintotal;allcamefromplaceswherepeoplebuyfood,likesupermarkets,streetvendorsandcafes,______(56)thosebusinessesoftenrelyoncash.Overall,theAu