2022年考研考博-考博英語-首都經(jīng)濟貿(mào)易大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號30

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-首都經(jīng)濟貿(mào)易大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Thepolicewerealertedthattheescapedcriminalmightbeinthe（）.

問題1選項

A.vain

B.vicinity

C.court

D.jail

【答案】B

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項vain“徒勞的”，和介詞in搭配意為“徒勞無功的”，中間不接定冠詞the；B選項vicinity“鄰近，附近”；C選項court“法院，球場”；D選項jail“監(jiān)獄”。句意：警方被提醒逃犯可能就在附近。選項B符合句意。

2.單選題

Asadevelopingcountry,wemustkeep（）withtherapiddevelopmentoftheworldeconomy.

問題1選項

A.pace

B.move

C.step

D.speed

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組的固定搭配。A選項pace表示“步速，步伐，速度”；B選項move表示“行動，舉措，改變”；C選項step表示“腳步，步驟，步伐”；D選項speed表示“速度，進(jìn)展”。詞組keeppacewith是一個固定搭配，表示“與并駕齊驅(qū)，保持一致”。因此本題正確答案為A選項。

3.單選題

Mr.Jonesholdsstrongviewsagainstvideogamesand（

）theclosingofallrecreationfacilitiesforsuchgames.

問題1選項

A.assists

B.acknowledges

C.advocates

D.admits

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A項assist表示“幫助，協(xié)助”；B項acknowledge表示“致謝，承認(rèn)”；C項advocate表示“提倡，擁護(hù)”；D項admit表示“承認(rèn)，容許”。根據(jù)句中against可知作者反對電子游戲，所以應(yīng)該支持closingtherecreationfacilities。句意：瓊斯先生強烈反對電子游戲，提倡關(guān)閉所有的電子游戲娛樂設(shè)施。故本題正確答案為C。

4.單選題

Theyaretryingto（

）thewastedischargedbythefactoryforprofit.

問題1選項

A.expose

B.exhaust

C.exhibit

D.exploit

【答案】D

【解析】句意:他們嘗試著通過利用工廠排出的廢物來創(chuàng)造利潤。

考查動詞辨析。expose揭發(fā)，揭露;exhaust用完，花光，使筋疲力盡；exhibit展覽，顯示；exploit運用。故D符合句意。

5.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingintoChinese.

WhileitistruethatAmericansbelievethatclimbingtheeducationalladderleadstosuccess,theyarelesscertainthatintellectualachievement,whichisthemainpurposeoftheschools,istheonlyimportantfactorleadingtosuccess.Acompetitive-evenaggressive-personalityisseenasimportanttosuccess,especiallyinmen.Thedevelopmentofsocialandpoliticalskillsarealsoconsideredtobeveryimportant.

TohelpAmericanstodeveloptheseotherimportantskills,schoolshaveaddedalargenumberofextracurricularactivitiestodailylifeatschool.Thisisespeciallytrueofhighschoolsandcollegesbutextendsdownintoelementaryschoolsaswell.

Athletics,frequentlycalled"competitivesports",areperhapsthemostimportantoftheseactivities.Football,basketball,andbaseballteamsareseenasveryimportantinstudents,particularlyboys,the"winningspirit".Attimes,athleticteamsseemtobecomemoreimportanttosomestudentsandtheirparentsthanacademicprogramsofferedbytheschools.

【答案】盡管美國人的確認(rèn)為教育是通向成功的階梯，但他們并不確定，作為學(xué)校教育主要目的的知識成就是通向成功的唯一重要因素。人們認(rèn)為爭強好勝甚至帶有侵略性的個性，對取得成功很重要，特別是對男人而言。社交能力和政治技能的培養(yǎng)也非常重要。

為了幫助美國人培養(yǎng)這些另外的重要技能，學(xué)校在日常生活中增加了大量課外活動。高中和大學(xué)尤其如此，而且也延伸到了小學(xué)。

田徑運動，常被稱為“競技體育”，可能是這些活動中最重要的。足球、籃球和棒球隊對學(xué)生，尤其是男生來說，被視為非常重要的“求勝精神”。有時，對于一些學(xué)生和家長來說，運動隊似乎比學(xué)校提供的學(xué)術(shù)課程更為重要。

6.單選題

Illnesses（）toworkersinaparticularoccupationareknownasoccupationaldiseases.

問題1選項

A.passive

B.specific

C.resistant

D.harmful

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。由句中關(guān)鍵信息occupationaldiseases可知，這種病應(yīng)該指示某些特定行業(yè)的工人才會得病。所以specificto（表示“只限于……的，特定于……”）最符合句意，故本題正確答案為B項。A選項passive表示“被動的；消極的”；C選項resistant表示“抵抗的，頑固的”；D選項harmful表示“有害的，危害的”?！揪湟狻恳恍┘膊≈挥刑囟殬I(yè)的工人會得，被稱為職業(yè)病。

7.單選題

Monkeysandbeagleswerecentraltorecentstudieslinkingregularphysicalactivityandanenhanceddiettoimprovedbrainfunction.ThemonkeysparticipatedinanOregonHealthandScienceUniversitystudy.Itshowedprimatesthatexercisedregularly~usingatreadmillfivedaysperweek—hadahigherbraincapillaryvolumeafter20weeksthanacontrolgroupthatdidnotexercise.Also,monkeysintheexercisegroupmorerapidlylearnednewtasks.Thestudyshowedthatthemostsignificantbrainbenefitswereexperiencedbymonkeysdeemed“l(fā)eastfit”atthestartofthetrial.TheOregonresearcherssaidstudyingmonkeyseliminatesanyskewingfromthedecidedlyhumanbehaviorsofsmoking,drinkingandovereating.ThefindingswerediscussedattheannualmeetingoftheSocietyforNeuroscienceinNewOrleans.

Anothernewstudyemployed39beaglestotestthebrain-enhancingeffectivenessofantioxidant-richfoods(especiallythoserichinvitaminsCandEandbetacarotene).UniversityofTorontoresearchersdiscoveredthatolddogsmightpossiblyevenlearnsomenewtrickswiththeproperfortifiedfoodintheirdinnerbowls.“Wefoundolddogsontheantioxidantdietperformedbetteronavarietyofcognitiveteststhandogsnotonthediet,”saidP.DwightTapp,astudyco-authornowbasedattheUniversityofCaliforniaatIrvine.”Infact,thedogseatingtheantioxidant-fortifiedfoodsperformedaswellasyoungbeagles.”Fortheuninitiated―orthoseofuswhohaveneverlivedwithanoldbeagleorothercanines—dogscanexperiencethesamememorylossandslowedcognitivefunctionthatoccurinhumans.

Tappandcolleaguesfoundthattheantioxidant-richdiethelpedimprovecognitiveskillsinolddogsbutnotyoungdogs.Afollow-upstudyisongoingtodetermineiffeedingtheyoungerdogsthespecialdiethelpspreventlossofbrainfunction.

ArthurF.Kramerfigurestostickwithhumansinhisbrainresearch.KramerisaprofessorofpsychologyattheUniversityofIllinoisatUrbana-Champaign.Hewasleadauthoronapioneeringstudypublishedearlierthisyearthatshowedpositivephysiologicalchangesinbrainmatterduetoregularexercise.

Thetypicalmanorwomanlosesbrainmatteraspartoftheagingprocess.Inafirst,Kramerandcolleaguesusedmagnetic-resonanceimaging(MRI)scanstoshowthatindividuals55andolderwhoexerciseregularly—walkingbrisklyfor20minutesthreetimesperweek—canpreservegray-andwhite-matterregionsofthebrain.”Thegreatthingisitdoesn'ttaketoolongtorealizethesebenefits,”Kramersaid,“Wesawsignificantcognitiveimprovementinpeople55andolderoverjustsixmonths.“Graymatterconsistsofaseriesofthintissuelayersinbraincellssuchasneuronsthatarecriticaltolearningandmemory.Whitematterisfoundinthemyelinsheathcontainingnervefibersthattransmitsignalsthroughoutthebrain.Aspeopleage,beginningafter30,thetwotypesofmattershrinkinapatterncloselymatchedbydecreasedcognitiveperformance,Kramersaid.Kramerandhiscolleagueshavecompletedothercutting-edgeresearchaboutthebrainandregularphysicalactivity.Onestudyslottedfor2004publicationfollowsuponthegray/white-matterstudy.Preliminaryresultsindicatethatthesamesortofbriskwalkingwillenhancetheperformancecapabilitiesofcorticalcircuitsinthebrain.

“Wearereportingonfunctionandnotjustthephysiologyofthegrayandwhitematter,’，Kramerexplained.Anotherstudytobepublishedin2004buildsonearlierfindingsthatactiveolderwomenonhormone-replacementtherapyexhibitgreatercognitiveabilitiesthanoldermenwhoareregularexercisers.Innewfindings,Kramerandcolleagueshavefoundlessactualbraintissuedeteriorationinwomen55andolderwhohavehigherlevelsofestrogenintheirbodies.Despitebeinga“formerjock,”Kramerdidn'texpectthathisresearchcareerwouldturnsodirectlytowardfitnessandphysicalactivity.Hehasbecomealeadingresearcherintheareaduringthelastdecadeand,alongwithseveralcolleagues,turnedtheUniversityofIllinoisintoarespectedcenterforresearchonhealthyaging.

“Thereisnodownsidetophysicalactivityforolderadultswhogetclearancefromtheirphysicianstostartaprogram,”hesaid,“Weknowitcanhelppreventheartdiseaseandprotectagainststrokedamage.Nowwearebuildingevidencethatregularphysicalactivityallowsyoutothinkbetter.”

1.ThestudyconductedbyOregonHealthandScienceUniversityshowedthat（）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementaboutantioxidant-richfoodsisfalse?

3.ArthurF.Kramerisaprofessorin（）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,peoplebegintoageafter（）.

5.FromProfessorKramer’sresearch,wecaninferthat（）.

問題1選項

A.monkeyscanlearnnewtasksmorerapidlyiftheyexercisedregularlythananyotheranimals

B.regularphysicalexercisecanhelptopromotethebrainfunction

C.monkeysaremorecooperativethanhumanbeing

D.monkeysaregoodatusingtreadmill

問題2選項

A.Antioxidant-richfoodsarerichinvitaminsCandEandbetacarotene.

B.Antioxidant-richfoodscanhelpthebraintoperformbetter.

C.Olddogsmightpossiblyevenlearnsomenewtricksiftheyhaveantioxidant-richfoods.

D.Antioxidant-richfoodshelpedimprovecognitiveskillsnotonlyinolddogsbutalsoinyoungdogs.

問題3選項

A.OregonHealthandScienceUniversity

B.theUniversityofToronto

C.theUniversityofCaliforniaatIrvine

D.theUniversityofIllinoisatUrbana-Champaign

問題4選項

A.33

B.55

C.39

D.30

問題5選項

A.gray-andwhite-matterinthebrainareimportantindecidingaperson’scognitiveability

B.whitematteriscriticaltolearningandmemory

C.peoplewhoare55andoldercanonlypreservetheirgray-andwhite-matterinthebrainbywalking

D.6weeksofexercisingregularly—walkingbrisklyfor20minutesthreetimesperweek—isenoughforkeepinghealthy

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文第一段“Monkeysandbeagleswerecentraltorecentstudieslinkingregularphysicalactivityandanenhanceddiettoimprovedbrainfunction.”可知，猴子和小獵犬對最近把定期體育活動和加強飲食與改善大腦功能聯(lián)系起來的研究是極為重要的。而根據(jù)“Also,monkeysintheexercisegroupmorerapidlylearnednewtasks.”可知，鍛煉組的猴子可以更快地學(xué)會新任務(wù)。因此，可推測B項“定期體育鍛煉能幫助改善大腦功能”正確。A項“如果能定期接受鍛煉，那么猴子會比任何其它動物更快地學(xué)會新任務(wù)”；C項“猴子比人類協(xié)作性更強”；D項“猴子擅長使用跑步機”。A、C、D三項均不能由原文推斷得出，故本題正確答案為B項。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)原文第三段“Tappandcolleaguesfoundthattheantioxidant-richdiethelpedimprovecognitiveskillsinolddogsbutnotyoungdogs.”可知，Tapp和同事們發(fā)現(xiàn)，富含抗氧化劑的飲食有助于改善老狗的認(rèn)知技能，但對幼狗卻沒用，因此D項“富含抗氧化劑的食物對老狗和幼狗的智力改善都有幫助”表述錯誤。根據(jù)原文第二段內(nèi)容可判斷，A項“富含抗氧化劑的食物含有豐富的維他命C、E和β-胡蘿卜素”；B項“富含抗氧化劑的食物能幫助大腦更好的運轉(zhuǎn)”及C項“如果老狗食用富含抗氧化劑的食物，它們甚至可以學(xué)得一些新的技巧”均正確。故本題正確答案為D項。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)原文第四段“KramerisaprofessorofpsychologyattheUniversityofIllinoisatUrbana-Champaign.”可知，Kramer是伊利諾伊大學(xué)厄巴納—香檳分校的一位心理學(xué)教授，故D項正確。A項“俄勒岡健康與科學(xué)大學(xué)”；B項“多倫多大學(xué)”；C項“加州大學(xué)歐文分?！?。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)原文第五段“Aspeopleage,beginningafter30,thetwotypesofmattershrinkinapatterncloselymatchedbydecreasedcognitiveperformance,Kramersaid.”可知，人們是在30歲后開始變老。故D項“30歲”正確。

5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文第五段“Aspeopleage,beginningafter30,thetwotypesofmattershrinkinapatterncloselymatchedbydecreasedcognitiveperformance,Kramersaid.”可知，隨著人在30歲后開始變老，這兩種物質(zhì)（即大腦中的灰質(zhì)和白質(zhì)）與認(rèn)知能力的下降密切相關(guān)，故A項表述正確。由原文第五段內(nèi)容可知“（大腦中的）灰質(zhì)對學(xué)習(xí)和記憶至關(guān)重要”，故B項錯誤；原文提到有規(guī)律的鍛煉可以使大腦物質(zhì)發(fā)生積極地變化，故C項“55歲以上的人只能通過走路來保存他們大腦中的灰質(zhì)和白質(zhì)”表述片面，不正確；而原文提及“55歲以上的人如果經(jīng)常進(jìn)行規(guī)律的鍛煉——每周三次快走20分鐘——就可以保留大部分灰質(zhì)和白質(zhì)區(qū)域，6個月后，認(rèn)知能力會有顯著提高”，故D項不正確。

8.單選題

ProfessorJohnsonissaid（）somesignificantadvanceinhisresearchinthepastyears.

問題1選項

A.making

B.havingmade

C.tomake

D.tohavemade

【答案】D

【解析】考查非謂語動詞的用法。Sbissaid后接動詞不定式，表示“據(jù)說某人”。用不定式的完成式表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動作。此句相當(dāng)于ItissaidthatProfessorJohnsonhasmadesomesignificantadvanceinhisresearchinthepastyear．句意：據(jù)說約翰遜教授去年在他的研究中取得了重大進(jìn)展。故本題正確答案為D項。

9.單選題

Whilebeingquestionedonthecourt,themandenied（

）theoldlady’snecklace.

問題1選項

A.havingtaken

B.taking

C.tohavetaken

D.totake

【答案】A

【解析】句意:法庭傳訓(xùn)他的吋候，他拒不承認(rèn)拿了老太太的項鏈。

考查固定搭配。denydoingsth.否認(rèn)做了某事。另外由于動作是發(fā)生在過去，因此需要用完成時態(tài)，故答案選A。

10.單選題

Arecentstudy,publishedinlastweek'sJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociation,offersapictureofhowriskyitistogetaliftfromateenagedriver.Indeed,a16-year-olddriverwiththreeormorepassengersisthreetimesaslikelytohaveafatalaccidentasateenagerdrivingalone.Bycontrast,theriskofdeathfordriversbetween30and59decreaseswitheachadditionalpassenger.

Theauthoralsofoundthatthedeathratesforteenagedriversincreaseddramaticallyafter10p.m.,andespeciallyaftermidnight.Withpassengersinthecar,thedriverwasevenmorelikelytodieinalate-nightaccident.

RobertFoss,ascientistattheUniversityofNorthCarolinaHighwaySafetyResearchCenter,saysthehigherdeathratesforteenagedrivershavelesstodowith"reallystupidbehavior"thanwithjustalackofdrivingexperience."Thebasicissue"hesays,"isthatadultswhoareresponsibleforissuinglicensesfailtorecognizehowcomplexandskilledataskdrivingis."

Bothheandtheauthorofthestudybelievethatthewaytomitigate(使緩解)theproblemistohavestatesinstituteso-calledgraduatedlicensingsystems,inwhichgettingalicenseisamultistageprocess.Agraduatedlicenserequiresthatateenagerfirstprovehimselfcapableofdrivinginthepresenceofanadult,followedbyaperiodofdrivingwithnightofpassengerrestrictions,beforegraduatingtofulldrivingprivileges.

Graduatedlicensingsystemshavereducedteenagedrivercrashes,accordingtorecentstudies.Abouthalfofthestatesnowhavesomesortofgraduatedlicensingsysteminplace,butonly10ofthosestateshaverestrictionsonpassengers.Californiaisthestrictest,withanovicedriverprohibitedfromcarryinganypassengerunder20(withoutthepresenceofanadultover25)forthefirstsixmonths.

1.Whichofthefollowingsituationsismostdangerousaccordingtothepassage?

2.AccordingtoRobertFoss,thehighdeathrateofteenagedriversismainlydueto（

）.

3.AccordingtoParagraph3,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

4.Asuggestedmeasuretobetakentoreduceteenagers'drivingaccidentsisthat

（

）.

5.Thepresentsituationinabouthalfofthestatesisthatthegraduatedlicensingsystem（

）.

問題1選項

A.Adultsgivingalifttoteenagersonthehighwayafter10p.m.

B.Ateenagerdrivingaftermidnightwithpassengersinthecar.

C.Adultsdrivingwiththreeormoreteenagepassengerslateatnight.

D.Ateenagergettingaliftfromastrangeronthehighwayatmidnight.

問題2選項

A.theirfrequentdrivingatnight

B.theirimproperwayofdriving

C.theirlackofdrivingexperience

D.theirdrivingwithpassengers

問題3選項

A.Teenagersshouldspendmoretimelearningtodrive.

B.Drivingisaskilltoocomplicatedforteenagerstolearn.

C.Restrictionsshouldbeimposedonteenagersapplyingtotakedrivinglessons.

D.Thelicensingauthoritiesarepartlyresponsibleforteenagers'drivingaccidents.

問題4選項

A.drivinginthepresenceofanadultshouldbemadearule

B.theyshouldbeprohibitedfromtakingonpassengers

C.theyshouldnotbeallowedtodriveafter10p.m.

D.thelicensingsystemshouldbeimproved

問題5選項

A.isunderdiscussion

B.isabouttobesetup

C.hasbeenputintoeffect

D.hasbeenperfected

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題干要求判斷四個選項中哪種情況最危險。根據(jù)原文前兩段可知，青少年駕車載著超過3名乘客出行發(fā)生致命事故的概率是那些獨自開車青少年的3倍，而青少年司機的死亡率在晚上10點，特別是午夜之后急劇上升。因此，B選項正確。A選項“成年人在晚上10點鐘后搭載青少年”與C選項“成年人在晚上很晚時搭載3名以上青少年乘客”均不正確。D選項“青少年在午夜搭陌生人的車”在原文沒有提及，可排除。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題干詢問RobertFoss認(rèn)為青少年死亡率高的原因。根據(jù)題干定位至原文第三段第一句可知，青少年司機的死亡率高與其真正愚蠢的行為關(guān)系不大，而是因為他們?nèi)狈︸{駛經(jīng)驗，故本題正確答案為C。A選項“頻繁在晚上駕駛”：B選項“他們不恰當(dāng)?shù)鸟{駛方式”；D選項“他們載乘客駕駛”均與原文不符，故排除。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。A選項“青少年應(yīng)該花更多的時間學(xué)習(xí)駕駛”在原文并未提及，可排除；B選項“駕駛對青少年來說太復(fù)雜了所以學(xué)不會”，屬于無中生有，可排除；C選項“青少年申請參加駕駛課程應(yīng)當(dāng)有一些限制”由第三段內(nèi)容不能得出，可排除。根據(jù)原文第三段最后一句可知，根本問題是，負(fù)責(zé)發(fā)放駕照的成年人沒有意識到駕駛是一項多么復(fù)雜和需要熟練度的任務(wù)。也就是說駕照發(fā)行機構(gòu)應(yīng)該對此事負(fù)有一定的責(zé)任。因此，只有D項與原文內(nèi)容相符，故本題正確答案為D選項。

4.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)原文倒數(shù)第二段thewaytomitigatetheproblemistohavestatesinstituteso-calledgraduatedlicensingsystems可知，緩解青少年駕駛事故的方法是建立所謂的駕照分級許可制度，因此D選項“改善駕照許可制度”正確。A選項為“規(guī)定青少年要在成人陪同下駕駛”；B選項為“應(yīng)該不準(zhǔn)他們載客”：C選項為“應(yīng)該禁止他們晚上10點后開車”。A、B、C三項均不符合題意，因此本題正確答案為D項。

5.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位至原文最后一段第二句Abouthalfofthestatesnowhavesomesoilofgraduatedlicensingsysteminplace,butonly10ofthosestateshaverestrictionsonpassengers可知，美國現(xiàn)在大約有一半的州已經(jīng)有了分級許可制度，但只有10個州對乘客有限制。說明這種制度已經(jīng)建立了，只是還不夠完善。A選項“在討論中”、B選項“即將建立”和C選項“已經(jīng)被實施”都不符合，因此本題正確答案為C項。

11.單選題

Ingeneral,oursocietyisbecomingoneofgiantenterprisesdirectedbyabureaucratic（官僚主義的）managementinwhichmanbecomesasmall,well-oiledcoginthemachinery.Theoilingisdonewithhigherwages,well-ventilatedfactoriesandpipedmusic,andbypsychologistsand"human-relations"experts;yetallthisoilingdoesnotalterthefactthatmanhasbecomepowerless,thatheisboredwithit.Infact,theblueandthewhite-collarworkershavebecomeeconomicpuppetswhodancetothetuneofautomatedmachinesandbureaucraticmanagement.

Theworkerandemployeeareanxious,notonlybecausetheymightfindthemselvesoutofajob;theyareanxiousalsobecausetheyareunabletoacquireanyrealsatisfactionorinterestinlife-Theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.

Thosehigheruponthesocialladderarenolessanxious.Theirlivesarenolessemptythanthoseoftheirsubordinates.Theyareevenmoreinsecureinsomerespects.Theyareinahighlycompetitiverace.Tobepromotedortofallbehindisnotamatterofsalaiybutevenmoreamatterofself-respect.Whentheyapplyfortheirfirstjob,theyaretestedforintelligenceaswellasfortherightmixtureofsubniissivenessandindependence.Fromthemomentontheyarctestedagainandagainbythepsychologists,forwhomtestingisabigbusiness,andbytheirsuperiors,whojudgetheirbehavior,sociability,capacitytogetalong,etc.Thisconstantneedtoprovethatoneisasgoodasorbetterthanone'sfellow-competitorcreatesconstantanxietyandstress,theverycausesofunhappinessandillness.

AmIsuggestingthatweshouldreturntothepreindustrialmodeofproductionortonineteenth-century"freeenterprise"capitalism?Certainlynot.Problemsareneversolvedbyreturningtoastagewhichonehasalreadyoutgrown.Isuggesttransformingoursocialsystemfromabureaucraticallymanagedindustrialisminwhichmaximalproductionandconsumptionareendsinthemselvesintoahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandfulldevelopmentofhispotentialities―thoseofallloveandofreason―aretheaimsofsocialarrangements.Productionandconsumptionshouldserveonlyasmeanstothisend,andshouldbepreventedfromrulingman.

1.By"awell-oiledcoginthemachinery"theauthorintendstodelivertheideathatmanis（）.

2.Therealcauseoftheanxietyoftheworkersandemployeesisthat（）.

3.Fromthepassagewecanconcludethatrealhappinessoflifebelongstothose（）.

4.Tosolvethepresentsocialproblemstheauthorputsforwardasuggestionthatweshould（）.

5.Theauthor'sattitudetowardsindustrialismmightbestbesummarizedasoneof（）.

問題1選項

A.anecessarypartofthesocietythougheachindividual'sfunctionisnegligible

B.workingincompleteharmonywiththerestofthesociety

C.anunimportantpartincomparisonwiththerestofthesociety

D.ahumblecomponentofthesociety,especiallywhenworkingsmoothly

問題2選項

A.theyarelikelytolosetheirjobs

B.theyhavenogenuinesatisfactionorinterestinlife

C.theyarefacedwiththefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistence

D.theyaredeprivedoftheirindividualityandindependence

問題3選項

A.whocouldkeepfarawayfromthiscompetitiveworld

B.whoarehigherupintheirsocialstatus

C.whoprovebetterthantheirfellow-competitors

D.whoareatthebottomofthesociety

問題4選項

A.resorttotheproductionmodeofourancestors

B.offerhigherwagestotheworkersandemployees

C.enablemantofullydevelophispotentialities

D.takethefundamentalrealitiesforgranted

問題5選項

A.approval

B.dissatisfaction

C.suspicion

D.susceptibility

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第一段“...yetallthisoilingdoesnotalterthefactthatmanhasbecomepowerless...”,由此推斷,作者將人比喻成機械中運轉(zhuǎn)良好的齒輪,實則是想表明人們相對于社會中其他部分來說已經(jīng)變得不那么重要了。選項C符合原文。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知,工人和雇員們焦慮不僅是因為他們可能面臨著失業(yè),他們焦慮也因為他們不能獲得任何有趣的生活和真正的滿足,但是真正的原因還是第二段的最后一句“Theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.”,選項D他們被剝奪了個性和獨立性,符合原文,所以選D。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)原文以及題干可知,作者認(rèn)為這些人之所以焦慮是因為處于一個競爭激烈的社會之中,只有遠(yuǎn)離了競爭激烈的社會,才會有真正幸福的生活。所以選項A正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)最后一段第三句“Isuggesttransformingoursocialsystemform,...,intoahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandfulldevelopmentofhispotentialities-thoseofallloveandofreason-aretheaimsofsocialarrangements.我建議改變我們的社會制度形式，……在這種社會安排中，人及其全部的愛和理性的潛能的充分發(fā)展是社會安排的目的?！庇纱丝芍髡咛岢隽顺浞职l(fā)揮人的潛能的建議來解決當(dāng)前的社會問題，選項C符合原文。

5.觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知,作者認(rèn)為現(xiàn)在的工業(yè)主義使人喪失了其在社會中應(yīng)發(fā)揮的重要作用,最后一段提到了作者建議將工業(yè)主義轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐环N以人為本的工業(yè)主義,所以作者對待工業(yè)主義的態(tài)度是不滿的。選項B正確。

12.單選題

Directions:Thereare15blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheANSWERSHEET.

Aestheticthoughtofadistinctivelymodernartemergedduringthe18thcentury.Thewesternphilosophersandcriticsofthistimedevotedmuchattentiontosuchmatters（1）naturalbeauty,thesublime,andrepresentation—atrendreflectingthecentralpositiontheyhadgiventothephilosophyofnature.（2）thattime,however,thephilosophyofarthasbecomeevermoreprominentandhasbegunto（3）thephilosophyofnature.Variousissuescentraltothephilosophyofarthavehada（4）impact（5）theorientationof20th-centuryaesthetics.

（6）amongtheseareproblemsrelatingtothetheoryofartasformand（7）distinctionbetweenrepresentationandexpression.Stillanotherfar-reachingquestionhastodowiththevalueofart.Twoopposingtheoreticalpositions（8）onthisissue:oneholdsthatartanditsappreciationareameanstosomerecognizedmoralgood,（9）theothermaintainsthatartisintrinsicallyvaluableandisanendinitself.Underlyingthiswholeissueistheconceptoftaste,oneofthebasicconcernsofaesthetics.Inrecentyearstherehasalsobeenanincreasingpreoccupationwithartastheprimeobjectofcriticaljudgment.Correspondingtothetrendincontemporaryaestheticthought,（10）havefollowedeitheroftwoapproaches.Inone,criticismisrestrictedtotheanalysisandinterpretationoftheworkofart.（11）itisdevotedtothearticulatingtheresponsetotheaestheticobjectandto（12）aparticularwayofperceivingit.

Overtheyears,aestheticshasdevelopedintoabroadfieldofknowledgeandinquiry.Theconcernsofcontemporaryaestheticsincludesuch（13）problemsasthenatureofstyleanditsaestheticsignificance;therelationofaestheticjudgmenttoculture;theviabilityofahistoryofart;the（14）ofFreudianpsychologyandotherformsofpsychologicalstudytocriticism;andtheplaceofaestheticjudgmentinpractical（15）intheconductofeverydayaffairs.

問題1選項

A.for

B.as

C.to

D.with

問題2選項

A.Since

B.For

C.As

D.In

問題3選項

A.plant

B.supplant

C.transplant

D.replant

問題4選項

A.marking

B.remarking

C.marked

D.remarked

問題5選項

A.on

B.for

C.in

D.to

問題6選項

A.Foreboding

B.Foremost

C.Forethoughtful

D.Foregone

問題7選項

A.at

B.for

C.to

D.on

問題8選項

A.havebrought

B.havebeenbrought

C.havetaken

D.havebeentaken

問題9選項

A.whereas

B.wherein

C.whereon

D.wherefore

問題10選項

A.artists

B.writers

C.critics

D.analysts

問題11選項

A.Intheothermanner

B.Intheotherway

C.Inanother

D.Intheother

問題12選項

A.justify

B.justified

C.justifying

D.havingjustified

問題13選項

A.diverse

B.divided

C.divine

D.dividual

問題14選項

A.reliance

B.reliability

C.relief

D.relevancy

問題15選項

A.reason

B.reasonableness

C.reasoning

D.reasonability

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

第6題:B

第7題:C

第8題:D

第9題:A

第10題:C

第11題:D

第12題:C

第13題:A

第14題:D

第15題:C

【解析】1.考查固定搭配。根據(jù)原文句意：這一時期的西方哲學(xué)家和批評家們把大量的注意力放在了諸如自然美、崇高和表現(xiàn)等問題上。suchas意為“諸如，比如”。選項B符合句意。

2.考查介詞辨析。根據(jù)句意：然而，從那時起，藝術(shù)哲學(xué)變得更加突出...。since意為“自...以后”符合語境，所以選項A正確。

3.形近詞辨析題。A選項plant“種植，栽培”；B選項supplant“代替，排擠掉”；C選項transplant“移植”；D選項replant“移居”。由關(guān)鍵詞“and”前面的內(nèi)容可知，后面應(yīng)該是指4.藝術(shù)哲學(xué)取代自然哲學(xué)。選項B正確。

5.形近詞辨析題。A選項marking“標(biāo)記的”；B選項remarking“評論”；C選項marked“顯著的”；D選項remarked“評論，察覺”。句意：藝術(shù)哲學(xué)的各種核心問題對20世紀(jì)的美學(xué)方向產(chǎn)生了顯著的影響。選項C符合原文句意。

6.考查固定搭配。haveanimpactonsth.為固定介詞搭配，所以選項A正確。

7.形近詞辨析題。A選項Foreboding“預(yù)感的，不祥之兆的”；B選項Foremost“最重要的，居于首位的”；C選項Forethoughtful“深謀遠(yuǎn)慮的，有先見之明的”；D選項Foregone“過去的，先前的”。根據(jù)下一句“Stillanotherfar-reachingquestion...”可知，填空處所填單詞應(yīng)和“far-reaching”相對應(yīng)。句意：在這些問題中，最重要的是有關(guān)藝術(shù)作為形式的理論...。選項B更符合原文語境。

8.考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，這里是由and連接的兩個并列句，and后面實際上省略了“relation”，所以后面的介詞應(yīng)該填入“to”，選項C正確。

9.考查語法時態(tài)。根據(jù)下文“oneholdsthat...”可推測，填空處應(yīng)表示：在這個問題上，采取了兩種對立的理論立場。由此可排除選A和B；再分析句子可知，這里的主語是“Twoopposingtheoreticalpositions”，所以應(yīng)使用被動語態(tài)，選項D符合原文。

10.考查邏輯連詞。A選項whereas“然而”；B選項wherein“在其中，在何處”；C選項whereon“在那上面”；D選項wherefore“因此”。根據(jù)句意：一種立場認(rèn)為，藝術(shù)以及對藝術(shù)的欣賞是實現(xiàn)某些公認(rèn)的道德行為的一種手段，另一種觀點則認(rèn)為，藝術(shù)本身就具有價值，這也是它自身的目的。這是兩種相反的觀念，所以選項A符合原文語境。

11.上下文推斷題。根據(jù)上文“Inrecentyearstherehasalsobeenanincreasingpreoccupationwithartastheprimeobjectofcriticaljudgment.近年來，人們也越來越專注于把藝術(shù)作為批判性判斷的主要對象?！备鶕?jù)關(guān)鍵詞“criticaljudgment”以及下文的關(guān)鍵詞“criticism”可知，填空處應(yīng)填入批評家。選項C符合原文。

12.上下文推斷題。根據(jù)上文的“Inone”，可知填空處應(yīng)填入“Intheother”，都是省略了approach這個單詞，所以選項D正確。

考查并列結(jié)構(gòu)。這里是由and連接的兩個并列結(jié)構(gòu)，前面句子的謂語動詞是“articulating”，所以填空處也應(yīng)該使用動詞的-ing形式。選項C正確，選項D是完成時態(tài)，不符合語法結(jié)構(gòu)和語境。

13.形近詞辨析題。A選項diverse“多種多樣的”；B選項divided“分裂的，分開的”；C選項divine“神圣的，天賜的”；D選項dividual“分開的，獨特的”。句意：當(dāng)代美學(xué)關(guān)注的問題包括風(fēng)格的本質(zhì)及其美學(xué)意義等多方面的問題。選項A符合原文句意。

14.形近詞辨析題。A選項reliance“信賴，信心”；B選項reliability“可靠性”；C選項relief“救濟，減輕，解除”；D選項relevancy“關(guān)聯(lián)，恰當(dāng)”。句意：審美與文化的關(guān)系；藝術(shù)歷史的可行性；弗洛伊德心理學(xué)和其他形式的心理學(xué)研究與批評的關(guān)聯(lián)性...。選項D更符合語境。

15.形近詞辨析題。A選項reason“原因”；B選項reasonableness“合理，妥當(dāng)”；C選項reasoning“推理，論證”；D選項reasonability“合理性”。根據(jù)句意：...以及審美判斷在日常事務(wù)的實踐推理中的地位。選項C符合原文語境。

13.單選題

Writingisaslowprocess,requiring（

）thought,time,andeffort.

問題1選項

A.significant

B.enormous

C.considerable

D.numerous

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。significant“有重大意義的，顯著的”;enormous“巨大的,龐大的”；considerable“相當(dāng)多（或大、重要等）的”；numerous“眾多的，許多的”一般用來修飾可數(shù)名詞。句意：寫作是一個緩慢的過程，需要大量的思考、時間和努力。根據(jù)題干中的“thought,time,andeffort”可知C項符合題意。因此答案選C。

14.單選題

Everybody,studentsandteachersalike,（）gladthatJackhassignedupforthecompositioncontest.

問題1選項

A.are

B.is

C.do

D.does

【答案】B

【解析】考查謂語動詞。glad為形容詞，表示“高興的，樂意的”，需與be動詞搭配，故排除C、D選項。studentsandteachersalike為插入語，是對主語everybody的解釋說明，不影響謂語動詞的選擇，因此謂語動詞應(yīng)選用is，故本題正確答案為B選項。

15.單選題

Thereceptionwasattendedby（）membersofthelocalcommunity.

問題1選項

A.noticeable

B.prominent

C.conspicuous

D.excellent

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項noticeable表示“顯而易見的，顯著的”；B選項prominent表示“突出的，顯著的，杰出的”；C選項conspicuous表示“顯著的，顯而易見的”；D選項excellent表示“卓越的，杰出的”。根據(jù)句意“來參加這場邀請會的都是當(dāng)?shù)氐慕艹鋈宋铩?，可排除A、C選項，prominent是指名譽和地位很突出，相比excellent語義更重，故本題正確答案為B選項。

16.翻譯題

A.TranslatethefollowingintoChinese(15%)

Surveysshowthatmen’sattitudestoriskaretypicallymoreenthusiastic,whereaswomenaremorelikelytobuyandhold,whichleadsfinancialadviserstoconcludethatmenarelessrisk-averse.Andmenaremorelikelytosaythattheyunderstandfinancialconcepts,whichmightseemtosuggestthattheyaremorefinanciallyliterate.

Butitmaybemoreaccuratetosaythatwomenaremorerisk-awareandlessdeludedabouttheirfinancialcompetence.Astudyin2001byBradBarber,anacademicinthefieldofbehaviouralfinance,showedthatwomen