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住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-廣東工業(yè)大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I(帶答案詳解)(圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.翻譯題
Formethemostinterestingthingaboutasolitarylife,andminehasbeenthatfortheblasttwentyyears,isthatitbecomesincreasinglyrewarding.WhenIcanwakeupandwatchthesunrisesovertheocean,asIdomostdays,andknowthatIhaveanentiredayahead,uninterrupted,inwhichtowriteafewpages,takeawalkwithmydog,readandlistentomusic,Iamfloodedwithhappiness.
IamlonelywhenIamovertired,whenIhaveworkedtoolongwithoutabreak,whenforthetimebeingIfeelemptyandneedfillingup.AndIamlonelysometimeswhenIcomebackhomeafteralecturetrip,whenIhaveseenalotofpeopleandtalkedalot,andamfulltothebrimwithexperiencethatneedstobesortedout.
Thenforawhilethehousefeelshugeandempty,andIwonderwheremyselfishiding.Ithastoberecapturedslowlybywateringtheplantsand,perhaps,bylookingagainateachoneasthoughitwasaperson.
Ittakesawhile,asIwatchthesurfblowingupinfountains,butthemomentcomeswhentheworldfallsaway,andtheselfemergesagainfromthedeepunconscious,bringingbackallIhaverecentlyexperiencedtobeexploredandslowlyunderstood.
【答案】對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō),獨(dú)自生活最有趣的事情是生活變得越來(lái)越有價(jià)值,我已經(jīng)這樣獨(dú)自生活了二十年。正如我大多數(shù)日子做的那樣,當(dāng)我醒來(lái),看著太陽(yáng)從海平面升起,我已經(jīng)提前知道了這一整天(的計(jì)劃),不會(huì)被打攪,寫幾頁(yè)文字,和我的狗散步,讀讀書,聽聽音樂,我充滿了幸福。
當(dāng)我過(guò)度勞累、長(zhǎng)時(shí)間不間斷地工作或者一時(shí)感到空虛需要充實(shí)時(shí),我就會(huì)感到孤獨(dú)。有時(shí),當(dāng)我結(jié)束了演講之旅回到家中,我會(huì)感到孤獨(dú),因?yàn)槲乙娏撕芏嗳?,說(shuō)了很多話,心里充滿了需要整理的經(jīng)歷。
之后有那么一段時(shí)間,我覺得房子又大又空,不知道自己藏在了哪里。我只得給植物澆澆水,或許再像看人一樣,看看它們的千姿百態(tài),慢慢地找回自我。
有那么一小會(huì)兒,我看著那噴泉里飛濺的浪花,但當(dāng)世界逐漸消失時(shí),那一刻就來(lái)臨了,自我又從潛意識(shí)的深處再次浮現(xiàn),帶著這幾天的經(jīng)歷去探究,然后慢慢領(lǐng)悟。
2.單選題
Amongthe74citiesmonitoredforairqualitystandards,thelevelofPM2.5fellby11.1%()in2014,butonly8metthenationalstandardforcleanair,theMinistryofEnvironmentalProtectionsaidFriday.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.inconsequence
B.atallcosts
C.onaverage
D.intheextreme
【答案】C
【解析】考查介詞短語(yǔ)詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)inconsequence表示“因此,結(jié)果”,B選項(xiàng)atallcosts表示“無(wú)論如何,不惜一切代價(jià)”,C選項(xiàng)onaverage表示“平均,普通,通?!?,D選項(xiàng)intheextreme表示“非常,極度”。由句意可知,在進(jìn)行空氣質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)監(jiān)測(cè)的74個(gè)城市中,2014年P(guān)M2.5水平()下降了11.1%,所以只有C選項(xiàng)詞義最符合原文句意,故本題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。
3.單選題
Itusedtobesostraightforward.Ateamofresearchersworkingtogetherinthelaboratorywouldsubmittheresultsoftheirresearchtoajournal.Ajournaleditorwouldthenremovetheauthors7namesandaffiliationsfromthepaperandsendittotheirpeersforreview.Dependingonthecommentsreceived,theeditorwouldacceptthepaperforpublicationordeclineit.Copyrightrestedwiththejournalpublisher,andresearchersseekingknowledgeoftheresultswouldhavetosubscribetothejournal.
Nolonger.TheInternet-andpressurefromfundingagencies,whoarequestioningwhycommercialpublishersaremakingmoneyfromgovernment-fundedresearchbyrestrictingaccesstoit-ismakingaccesstoscientificresultsareality.TheOrganizationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopment(OECD.hasjustissuedareportdescribingthefar-reachingconsequencesofthis.Thereport,byJohnHoughtonofVictoriaUniversityinAustraliaandGrahamVickeryoftheOECD,makesheavyreadingforpublisherswhohave,sofar,madehandsomeprofits.Butitgoesfurtherthanthat.Itsignalsachangeinwhathas,untilnow,beenakeyelementofscientificendeavor.
Thevalueofknowledgeandthereturnonthepublicinvestmentinresearchdepends,inpart,uponwidedistributionandreadyaccess.Itisbigbusiness.InAmerica,thecorescientificpublishingmarketisestimatedatbetween$7billionand$11billion.TheInternationalAssociationofScientific,TechnicalandMedicalPublisherssaysthattherearemorethan2,000publishersworldwidespecializinginthesesubjects.Theypublishmorethan1.2millionarticleseachyearinsome16,000journals.
Thisisnowchanging.AccordingtotheOECDreport,some75%ofscholarlyjournalsarenowonline.Entirelynewbusinessmodelsareemerging;threemainoneswereidentifiedbythereport’sauthors.Thereistheso-calledbigdeal,whereinstitutionalsubscriberspayforaccesstoacollectionofonlinejournaltitlesthroughsite-licensingagreements.Thereisopen-accesspublishing,typicallysupportedbyaskingtheauthor(orhisemployer)topayforthepapertobepublished.Finally,thereareopen-accessarchives,whereorganizationssuchasuniversitiesorinternationallaboratoriessupportinstitutionalrepositories.Othermodelsexistthatarehybridsofthesethree,suchasdelayedopen-access,wherejournalsallowonlysubscriberstoreadapaperforthefirstsixmonths,beforemakingitfreelyavailabletoeveryonewhowishestoseeit.Allthiscouldchangethetraditionalformofthepeer-reviewprocess,atleastforthepublicationofpapers.
1.Theauthormainlytalksabout()inParagraph1.
2.TheOECDreport().
3.Onlinepublicationissignificantbecause()
4.Withtheopen-accesspublishingmodel,theauthorofapaperisrequiredto()
5.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthemainideaofthepassage?
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.thebackgroundinformationofjournalediting
B.therelationsofauthorswithjournalpublishers
C.thetraditionalprocessofjournalpublication
D.thepublicationroutineoflaboratoryreports
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.criticizesgovernment-fundedresearch
B.upsetsprofit-makingjournalpublishers
C.benefitsscientificresearchconsiderably
D.introducesaneffectivemeansofpublication
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.itbringshugeprofitstoscientificresearchers
B.itprovidesaneasieraccesstoscientificresults
C.itfacilitatespublicinvestmentinscientificresearch
D.itemphasizesthecrucialroleofscientificknowledge
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.coverthecostofitspublication.
B.subscribetothejournalpublishingit.
C.allowotheronlinejournalstouseitfreely.
D.completethepeer-reviewbeforesubmission.
問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)
A.Authorswelcomethenewchannelforpublication.
B.Publicationisrenderedeasierbyonlineservice.
C.TheInternetisposingathreattopublishers.
D.Anewmodeofpublicationisemerging.
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:B
第3題:B
第4題:A
第5題:D
【解析】1.主旨大意題。第一段主要講述了期刊出版的過(guò)程,即收稿、審稿、出版或棄用、版權(quán)和引用收費(fèi)等步驟。C和D看似都符合。仔細(xì)閱讀全文可知,文章先講述了期刊出版以前是怎樣的,后來(lái)又是怎樣的,由Itusedtobesostraightforward.可知第一段主要講述的是過(guò)去期刊是出版的過(guò)程,C選項(xiàng)中“traditional”強(qiáng)調(diào)了過(guò)去。因此D項(xiàng)更符合題意。
2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干定位到第二段“Thereport,byJohnHoughtonofVictoriaUniversityinAustraliaandGrahamVickeryoftheOECD,makesheavyreadingforpublisherswhohave,sofar,madehandsomeprofits.份報(bào)告是由澳大利亞維多利亞大學(xué)的約翰?霍頓和經(jīng)合組織的格雷厄姆?維克里共同撰寫的,對(duì)于那些迄今為止已經(jīng)獲得可觀利潤(rùn)的出版商來(lái)說(shuō),這份報(bào)告讀起來(lái)很沉重?!睋?jù)此可知該報(bào)告讓盈利的出版商心情沉重。故B項(xiàng)正確。
3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第二段“Nolonger.TheInternet-andpressurefromfundingagencies,whoarequestioningwhycommercialpublishersaremakingmoneyfromgovernment-fundedresearchbyrestrictingaccesstoit-ismakingaccesstoscientificresultsareality.互聯(lián)網(wǎng)——以及來(lái)自資助機(jī)構(gòu)的壓力——正使獲取科學(xué)成果成為現(xiàn)實(shí)。資助機(jī)構(gòu)質(zhì)疑,為什么商業(yè)出版商通過(guò)限制對(duì)科研的訪問(wèn),從政府資助的研究中賺錢??芍ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)使網(wǎng)上發(fā)表論文成為可能,同時(shí)網(wǎng)上發(fā)表論文使人們更易獲得科學(xué)成果。故B項(xiàng)正確。
4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第四段“Thereisopen-accesspublishing,typicallysupportedbyaskingtheauthor(orhisemployer)topayforthepapertobepublished.有一種開放獲取的出版方式,通常要求作者(或其雇主)為發(fā)表的論文付費(fèi)。”據(jù)此可知作者要為論文付費(fèi)。故A項(xiàng)正確。
5.主旨大意題。整篇文章都是在以客觀的角度來(lái)介紹新的出版方式,并沒有表明作者觀點(diǎn),故A項(xiàng)“作者歡迎新的出版方式”不對(duì);B項(xiàng)“在線服務(wù)使出版變得更容易?!睆睦碚撋线@觀點(diǎn)是正確的,但是文中未提及,也不是本文主題。C項(xiàng)“網(wǎng)絡(luò)對(duì)出版構(gòu)成威脅”文中沒提及。D項(xiàng)“一種新的出版方式正在出現(xiàn)”為本文主題,故D項(xiàng)正確。
4.單選題
Painting,theexecutionofformsandshapesonasurfacebymeansofpigment,hasbeencontinuouslypracticedbyhumansforsome20,000years.Togetherwithotheractivities(1)ritualisticinoriginbuthavecometobedesignatedasartistic(suchasmusicordance),paintingwasoneoftheearliestwaysinwhichman(2)toexpresshisownpersonalityandhis(3)understandingofanexistencebeyondthematerialworld.(4)musicanddance,however,examplesofearlyformsofpaintinghavesurvivedtothepresentday.Themoderneyecanderiveaestheticaswellasantiquariansatisfaction(5)the15,000-year-oldcavemuralsofLascaux—someexamples(6)totheconsiderablepowersofdraftsmanshipoftheseearlyartists.Andpainting,likeotherarts,exhibitsuniversalqualitiesthat(7)forviewersofallnationsandcivilizationstounderstandandappreciate.
Themajor(8)examplesofearlypaintinganywhereintheworldarefoundinWesternEuropeandtheSovietUnion.Butsome5,000yearsago,theareasinwhichimportantpaintingswereexecuted(9)totheeasternMediterraneanSeaandneighboringregions.(10),WesternsharedaEuropeanculturaltradition—theMiddleEastandMediterraneanBasinand,later,thecountriesoftheNewWorld.
Westernpaintingisingeneraldistinguishedbyitsconcentration(11)therepresentationofthehuman(12),whetherintheheroiccontextofantiquityorthereligiouscontextoftheearlyChristianandmedievalworld.TheRenaissance(13)thistraditionthrougha(14)examinationofthenaturalworldandaninvestigationofbalance,harmony,andperspectiveinthevisibleworld,linkingpainting(15)thedevelopingsciencesofanatomyandoptics.Thefirstreal(16)fromfigurativepaintingcamewiththegrowthoflandscapepaintinginthe17thand18thcenturies.Thelandscapeandfigurativetraditionsdevelopedtogetherinthe19thcenturyinanatmospherethatwasincreasingly(17)“painterly”qualitiesofthe(18)oflightandcolorandtheexpressivequalitiesofpainthandling.Inthe20thcenturytheseinterests(19)tothedevelopmentofathirdmajortraditioninWesternpainting,abstractpainting,whichsoughtto(20)andexpressthetruenatureofpaintandpaintingthroughactionandform.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.mayhavebeen
B.thatmayhave
C.mayhave
D.thatmayhavebeen
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.seek
B.sought
C.seekfor
D.soughtfor
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.emerging
B.emergency
C.merging
D.merger
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.As
B.Unlike
C.Like
D.Since
問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)
A.from
B.to
C.into
D.for
問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)
A.ratify
B.testify
C.certify
D.gratify
問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)
A.makeeasy
B.makeiteasy
C.makehard
D.makeithard
問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)
A.extinct
B.extent
C.extant
D.exterior
問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)
A.hadshifted
B.haveshifted
C.shifting
D.shifted
問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)
A.Nevertheless
B.Moreover
C.However
D.Therefore
問(wèn)題11選項(xiàng)
A.to
B.in
C.on
D.for
問(wèn)題12選項(xiàng)
A.figure
B.shape
C.shadow
D.form
問(wèn)題13選項(xiàng)
A.extracted
B.extended
C.extorted
D.extruded
問(wèn)題14選項(xiàng)
A.closing
B.close
C.closed
D.closure
問(wèn)題15選項(xiàng)
A.on
B.for
C.in
D.to
問(wèn)題16選項(xiàng)
A.break
B.breakage
C.breakdown
D.breaking
問(wèn)題17選項(xiàng)
A.concernedwith
B.concerning
C.concerningwith
D.concernedfor
問(wèn)題18選項(xiàng)
A.reaction
B.action
C.interaction
D.relation
問(wèn)題19選項(xiàng)
A.distributed
B.attributed
C.contributed
D.construed
問(wèn)題20選項(xiàng)
A.discover
B.uncover
C.recover
D.cover
【答案】第1題:D
第2題:B
第3題:A
第4題:B
第5題:A
第6題:B
第7題:B
第8題:C
第9題:D
第10題:D
第11題:C
第12題:A
第13題:B
第14題:B
第15題:D
第16題:A
第17題:A
第18題:C
第19題:C
第20題:B
【解析】1.考查定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,“41ritualisticinoriginbuthavecometobedesignatedasartistic(suchasmusicordance)”作為定語(yǔ)從句修飾限定先行詞activities,因此可排除A選項(xiàng)和C選項(xiàng)。而由連詞but以及后文出現(xiàn)的havecome可以判斷空缺處謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也應(yīng)為完成時(shí)態(tài),因此本題正確答案為D選項(xiàng)。
2.考查動(dòng)詞搭配。seektodo表示“試圖做某事,嘗試做某事”,而seekfor表示“追求,尋找,探索”,后常接名詞作賓語(yǔ)。根據(jù)句子時(shí)態(tài)可確定空缺處應(yīng)選擇過(guò)去時(shí),而空缺后出現(xiàn)介詞to,由此可以判斷,本題正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。
3.考查形近詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)emerging表示“a.新興的,走向成熟的”;B選項(xiàng)emergency表示“n.緊急情況,突發(fā)事件;a.緊急的,應(yīng)急的”;C選項(xiàng)merging是merge的現(xiàn)在分詞,表示“合并,融入”;D選項(xiàng)merger表示“n.合并,并購(gòu),吸收”。由原文可知,空缺處需修飾名詞understanding,因此空缺處應(yīng)選擇形容詞,故排除C選項(xiàng)和D選項(xiàng)。而由句意可知,繪畫是人類表達(dá)自己個(gè)性和對(duì)物質(zhì)世界之外存在的理解日漸成熟的最早方式之一。因此,只有A選項(xiàng)詞義最符合原文句意。
4.考查連詞的辨析。由后文出現(xiàn)的“however”可知,句子前后部分存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,句意可理解為:不像音樂和舞蹈,早期繪畫形式的范本一直延續(xù)到今天。因此本題正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。
5.考查固定搭配辨析。固定搭配“derivefrom”表示“源自,來(lái)自”。因此本題正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。
6.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)ratify表示“批準(zhǔn),認(rèn)可”;B選項(xiàng)testify表示“證明,證實(shí)”,testifyto表示“證明,說(shuō)明”;C選項(xiàng)certify表示“證明,保證”,certifyto表示“書面證明”;D選項(xiàng)gratify表示“使?jié)M足,使高興”。由此可知,B選項(xiàng)更符合原文含義和搭配,故本題正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。
7.考查上下文聯(lián)系以及固定搭配。由上下文語(yǔ)義可知,繪畫和其他藝術(shù)一樣,展示了所有國(guó)家和文明的觀眾都能容易理解和欣賞的普遍品質(zhì),可排除C、D選項(xiàng)。而makeit+形容詞屬于固定表達(dá)結(jié)構(gòu),因此,本題正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。
8.考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)extinct表示“a.滅絕的,絕種的”;B選項(xiàng)extent表示“n.程度,范圍,長(zhǎng)度”;C選項(xiàng)extant表示“a.現(xiàn)存的,顯著的”;D選項(xiàng)exterior表示“a.外部的,外在的”。根據(jù)句意“世界上任何地方早期繪畫的主要()范本都是在西歐和蘇聯(lián)發(fā)現(xiàn)的”可知,只有C選項(xiàng)詞義最符合原文句意。故本題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。
9.考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空缺處應(yīng)為主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,而由句意可知,描述的是過(guò)去的事情,所以應(yīng)選用一般過(guò)去時(shí),且主語(yǔ)theareas與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞屬于主動(dòng)關(guān)系,故本題正確答案為D選項(xiàng)。
10.考查連詞的使用。上文中講到“大約5000年前,重要畫作的完成地轉(zhuǎn)到了地中海東部和鄰近地區(qū)”。這是造成“西方與歐洲有著共同的文化傳統(tǒng)”的原因,說(shuō)明上下文之間存在因果關(guān)系,因此D選項(xiàng)“therefore”為本題最佳答案。
11.考查固定搭配。固定結(jié)構(gòu)“concentrationon”表示“注意力集中于……”。因此本題正確答案為C選項(xiàng),
12.考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)figure表示“畫像,圖形,(人的)體形”;B選項(xiàng)shape表示“形狀,身材,模型”;C選項(xiàng)shadow表示“陰影,庇護(hù)”;D選項(xiàng)form表示“形式,形態(tài),外形”。humanfigure表示“人物畫像”,因此本題正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。
13.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)extracted表示“提取,萃取”;B選項(xiàng)extended表示“延伸,擴(kuò)展”;C選項(xiàng)extorted表示“敲詐,侵占,強(qiáng)求”;D選項(xiàng)extruded表示“擠壓出,驅(qū)逐”。根據(jù)后文through可知,本題正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。動(dòng)詞詞組extendthough表示“貫穿,延伸”。
14.考查同根詞辨析。空缺后出現(xiàn)名詞examination,由此說(shuō)明空缺處部分為形容詞。A選項(xiàng)closing表示“a.結(jié)束的,結(jié)尾的”;B選項(xiàng)close表示“a.緊密的,仔細(xì)的,在即的”;C選項(xiàng)closed表示“a.關(guān)著的,不公開的”;D選項(xiàng)closure表示“n.關(guān)閉,終止結(jié)束”。closeexamination表示“仔細(xì)審查”,因此本題正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。
15.考查固定搭配。動(dòng)詞詞組linkto表示“把……和……聯(lián)系在一起”。因此本題正確答案為D選項(xiàng)。
16.考查同根詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)break表示“n.間斷,休息,破裂”;B選項(xiàng)breakage表示“破壞,破損”;C選項(xiàng)breakdown表示“故障,崩潰,分解”;D選項(xiàng)breaking表示“破壞,阻斷”。由后文“Thelandscapeandfigurativetraditionsdevelopedtogetherinthe19thcentury”可知,17世紀(jì)和18世紀(jì),繪畫畫風(fēng)由寫實(shí)主義畫風(fēng)轉(zhuǎn)向風(fēng)景畫畫風(fēng),出現(xiàn)了19世紀(jì)兩種畫風(fēng)并存的局面。由此可知,寫實(shí)主義畫風(fēng)被風(fēng)景畫畫風(fēng)打斷,故本題正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。
17.考查動(dòng)詞詞組以及固定搭配。動(dòng)詞詞組concernwith表示“使關(guān)心,掛念”,concernfor表示“為……擔(dān)心”。固定結(jié)構(gòu)beconcernedwith表示“參與,涉及,關(guān)注”,最符合原文含義,故本題正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。
18.考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)reaction表示“反應(yīng),感應(yīng),反作用”;B選項(xiàng)action表示“行動(dòng),活動(dòng),情節(jié)”;C選項(xiàng)interaction表示“相互作用,相互影響”;D選項(xiàng)relation表示“關(guān)系,敘述,親屬關(guān)系”。由原文出現(xiàn)的“theexpressivequalitiesofpainthandling”可知,19世紀(jì)關(guān)注的是指光和顏料相互作用下的繪畫質(zhì)量以及顏料處理的表現(xiàn)力。因此本題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。
19.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)distributed表示“分配,散開,分開”;B選項(xiàng)attributed表示“歸于,屬性化”;C選項(xiàng)contributed表示“促進(jìn),對(duì)……有貢獻(xiàn)”,常和to構(gòu)成搭配,表示“有助于,促成”;D選項(xiàng)construed表示“分析,解釋,翻譯”,常與as構(gòu)成搭配,表示“解釋為”。由原文句意可知,19世紀(jì)的這些獨(dú)特喜好就促成了20世紀(jì)第三大畫風(fēng)傳統(tǒng)——抽象派畫風(fēng)的出現(xiàn)。因此本題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。
20.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)discover表示“發(fā)現(xiàn),發(fā)覺”;B選項(xiàng)uncover表示“揭開,揭示”;C選項(xiàng)recover表示“恢復(fù),彌補(bǔ),重新獲得”;D選項(xiàng)cover表示“覆蓋,掩護(hù),報(bào)導(dǎo)”。由原文句意可知,抽象派畫風(fēng)力求通過(guò)動(dòng)作和形式來(lái)揭開和表現(xiàn)繪畫和油畫的本質(zhì)??杖碧巻卧~與express應(yīng)為近義詞,由此可以確定本題正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。
5.單選題
Weatheringisthebreakingdownofrocks,soilsandmineralsaswellasartificialmaterialsthroughcontactwiththeEarth'satmosphere,biotaandwaters.Weatheringoccursinsitu,or"withnomovement",andthusshouldnotbeconfusedwitherosion,whichinvolvesthemovementofrocksandmineralsbyagentssuchaswater,ice,snow,windandgravity.
Twoimportantclassificationsofweatheringprocessesexist-physicalandchemicalweathering.Mechanicalorphysicalweatheringinvolvesthebreakdownofrocksandsoilsthroughdirectcontactwithatmosphericconditions,suchasheat,water,iceandpressure.Thesecondclassification,chemicalweathering,involvesthedirecteffectofatmosphericchemicalsorbiologicallyproducedchemicals(alsoknownasbiologicalweathering)inthebreakdownofrocks,soilsandminerals.
Thematerialsleftoveraftertherockbreaksdowncombinedwithorganicmaterialcreatessoil.Themineralcontentofthesoilisdeterminedbytheparentmaterial,thusasoilderivedfromasinglerocktypecanoftenbedeficientinoneormoremineralsforgoodfertility,whileasoilweatheredfromamixofrocktypes(asinglacial,aeolianoralluvialsediments)oftenmakesmorefertilesoil.InadditionmanyofEarth'slandformsandlandscapesaretheresultofweatheringprocessescombinedwitherosionandre-deposition.
Chemicalweatheringchangesthecompositionofrocks,oftentransformingthemwhenwaterinteractswithmineralstocreatevariouschemicalreactions.Chemicalweatheringisagradualandongoingprocessasthemineralogyoftherockadjuststothenearsurfaceenvironment.Neworsecondarymineralsdevelopfromtheoriginalmineralsoftherock.Inthistheprocessesofoxidationandhydrolysisaremostimportant.
Theprocessofmountainblockupliftisimportantinexposingnewrockstratatotheatmosphereandmoisture,enablingimportantchemicalweatheringtooccur;significantreleaseoccursofCa++andothermineralsintosurfacewaters.
Rainfallisacidicbecauseatmosphericcarbondioxidedissolvesintherainwaterproducingweakcarbonicacid.Inunpollutedenvironments,therainfallPHisaround5.6.Acidrainoccurswhengasessuchassulfurdioxideandnitrogenoxidesarepresentintheatmosphere.TheseoxidesreactintherainwatertoproducestrongeracidsandcanlowerthePHto4.5oreven3.0.Sulfurdioxide,SO2,comesfromvolcaniceruptionsorfromfossilfuels,canbecomesulfuricacidwithinrainwater,whichcancausesolutionweatheringtotherocksonwhichitfalls.
Someminerals,duetotheirnaturalsolubility(e.g.evaporites),oxidationpotential(iron-richminerals,suchaspyrite),orinstabilityrelativetosurficialconditions(seeGoldichdissolutionseries)willweatherthroughdissolutionnaturally,evenwithoutacidicwater.
1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutweathering?
2.Soiliscreatedby().
3.Inchemicalweathering,().
4.Rainwater().
5.Whichofthefollowingmightserveasanappropriatetitleforthispassage?
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.Itiserosion"withnomovement"whenitiscausedbywater.
B.Thereexisttwoimportantclassificationsofweatheringprocesses.
C.ItoccursthroughcontactwiththeEarth'satmosphere,biotaandwaters.
D.Bothphysicalandchemicalweatheringinvolvethebreakdownofrocksandsoils.
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.erosionandre-deposition
B.mineralsderivedfromrocks
C.organicmaterialleftoverbyweathering
D.thebreakdownofrockscombinedwithorganicmaterial
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.oxidationandhydrolysisaremostimportantprocesses
B.chemicalreactionshappenonlyinwater
C.chemicalreactionsoccurveryquickly
D.newrocksareformedfromreactions
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.containsweakacidwhenitisfoundinareasaffectedbyvolcaniceruptions
B.isacidicwhenitisfoundinpollutedenvironments
C.canlowerthePHofundergroundwater
D.cancausesolutionweatheringtorocks
問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)
A.RainwaterPollution
B.WeatheringofRock
C.TheCreationofFertileSoil
D.PhysicalandChemicalWeathering
【答案】第1題:D
第2題:D
第3題:A
第4題:C
第5題:B
【解析】1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文第一段第一句可知,風(fēng)化作用是指巖石、土壤、礦物以及人工材料通過(guò)與地球大氣、生物群和水的接觸而進(jìn)行分解,可判斷C選項(xiàng)表述正確。由原文第二段第二句可知,風(fēng)化發(fā)生在原地,或“發(fā)生時(shí)沒經(jīng)過(guò)運(yùn)動(dòng)”,因此不應(yīng)與侵蝕相混淆,后者涉及水、冰、雪、風(fēng)和重力等因素造成的巖石和礦物的運(yùn)動(dòng),由此可以判斷A選項(xiàng)正確。由第二段第一句可知,存在兩種重要的風(fēng)化作用類型——物理風(fēng)化和化學(xué)風(fēng)化,所以可判斷B選項(xiàng)正確。根據(jù)原文第二段第二句可知,機(jī)械或物理風(fēng)化包括巖石和土壤通過(guò)直接接觸大氣條件而分解,如熱,水,冰和壓力。而化學(xué)風(fēng)化(也稱為生物風(fēng)化)主要涉及大氣化學(xué)物質(zhì)或生物產(chǎn)生的化學(xué)物質(zhì)對(duì)巖石、土壤和礦物的破壞的直接影響。由此可以判斷D選項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤。故本題正確答案為D選項(xiàng)。
2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵信息可定位到原文第三段第一句“Thematerialsleftoveraftertherockbreaksdowncombinedwithorganicmaterialcreatessoil”。由此可知,巖石分解后剩下的物質(zhì)與有機(jī)物質(zhì)結(jié)合形成了土壤。因此本題正確答案為D選項(xiàng)。
3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵信息“Chemicalweathering”定位到原文第四段。由原文信息可知,化學(xué)風(fēng)化改變了巖石的成分,當(dāng)水與礦物相互作用時(shí),常常使巖石發(fā)生變化,產(chǎn)生各種化學(xué)反應(yīng)?;瘜W(xué)風(fēng)化是巖石礦物學(xué)逐漸適應(yīng)近地表環(huán)境的過(guò)程。新礦物或次生礦物由巖石的原始礦物發(fā)展而來(lái)。在這個(gè)過(guò)程中,氧化和水解過(guò)程是最重要的。由此可判斷A選項(xiàng)表述正確。化學(xué)反應(yīng)在水與礦物相互作用是發(fā)生的,并不是在水里,因此可判斷B選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤?;瘜W(xué)風(fēng)化是逐漸發(fā)生的過(guò)程,因此可判斷C選項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤。而這些化學(xué)反應(yīng)的產(chǎn)物是新礦物或者次生礦物,并不是巖石,由此可判斷D選項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤。綜上所述,本題正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。
4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文第六段第三句“TheseoxidesreactintherainwatertoproducestrongeracidsandcanlowerthePHto4.5oreven3.0.”可知,這些氧化物在雨水中發(fā)生反應(yīng),產(chǎn)生更強(qiáng)的酸,可以將PH值降低到4.5甚至3.0。由此可知,雨水可以降低地下水的PH值。因此,本題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。
5.主旨大意題。這篇文章主要講述的是風(fēng)化作用的定義,分類以及影響因素,都是圍繞風(fēng)化作用進(jìn)行的描述。因此B選項(xiàng)最適合作為文章的題目。
6.單選題
Salaryincreasesareusefultoretainandemployees,and(
)arealsoamethodofrecognizingtheemployee'scontributiontoacompany.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.motivate
B.modulate
C.multiply
D.mobilize
【答案】A
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)motivate表示“刺激,激勵(lì),促進(jìn)”;B選項(xiàng)modulate表示“調(diào)節(jié),調(diào)整”;C選項(xiàng)multiply表示“乘,繁殖,增加”;D選項(xiàng)mobilize表示“動(dòng)員,集合,組織”。
由句意可知,漲工資有利于保持和激發(fā)員工積極性,同時(shí)也是對(duì)員工貢獻(xiàn)的認(rèn)可。因此,motivate的詞義最符合句意,故本題正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。
7.單選題
Thesealcandivetoadepthofabout1600feetandremain()foraslongasanhourandtenminutes.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.breathless
B.fearless
C.submerged
D.unconscious
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。breathless屏息;fearless無(wú)畏的,大膽的;submerge沉浸,淹沒;unconscious無(wú)意識(shí)的。由前半句可知海豹可以在1600英尺的海里潛水,由dive及remain可推知海豹能保持屏息…。故A項(xiàng)符合題意。句意:海豹可以潛入1600英尺深的海里,并且能保持屏息一小時(shí)十分鐘。
8.單選題
Mostgeologistsbelieve()fromtheremainsoftinymarineplantsandanimalsthatdiedmillionsofyearsago.?
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.thatpetroleumwasformed
B.whatwasformedpetroleum
C.whenpetroleumformed
D.petroleumthatformed
【答案】A
【解析】考查賓語(yǔ)從句。BCD三項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容與句意不符。A項(xiàng)用that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。句意:大多數(shù)地質(zhì)學(xué)家認(rèn)為石油是從微小的海洋植物和幾百萬(wàn)年前死掉的動(dòng)物的遺骸中形成的
9.單選題
Awearabletechnologydeveloped-byresearchersatWashingtonUniversitySchoolofMedicinemayhelpsurgeonsto()cancercells,whichwillhelptoensurethatnostraytumorcellsareleft-behindduringsurgicalprocedures.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.utilize
B.visualize
C.transcend
D.transform
【答案】B
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。utilize利用;visualize顯現(xiàn),可視化;transcend勝過(guò),超越;transform變換,改變。由which引導(dǎo)的從句內(nèi)容可知“這可穿戴的技術(shù)可以幫助確保癌細(xì)胞無(wú)殘留”說(shuō)明這項(xiàng)技術(shù)能夠讓外科醫(yī)生在手術(shù)過(guò)程過(guò)看清楚癌細(xì)胞。故B項(xiàng)符合題意。句意:華盛頓大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院的研究人員開發(fā)的一種可穿戴技術(shù)可能有助于外科醫(yī)生看清楚癌細(xì)胞,這將有助于確保在手術(shù)過(guò)程中不會(huì)留下任何游離的腫瘤細(xì)胞。
10.單選題
Goodsenseisthemostequitablydistributedthingintheworld,foreachmanconsidershimselfsowellprovidedwithitthateventhosewhoaremostdifficulttosatisfyineverythingelsedonotusuallywishtohavemoreofitthantheyhavealready.Itisnotlikelythateveryoneismistakeninthis;itshows,rather,thattheabilitytojudgerightlyandseparatethetruefromthefalse,whichisessentiallywhatiscalledgoodsenseorreason,isbynatureequalinallmen,andthusthatouropinionsdiffernotbecausesomemenarebetterendowedwithreasonthanothers,butonlybecausewedirectourthoughtsalongdifferentpaths,anddonotconsiderthesamethings,foritisnotenoughtohaveagoodmind:whatismostimportantistoapplyitrightly.Thegreatestsoulsarecapableofthegreatestvices;andthosewhowalkveryslowlycanadvancemuchfurther,iftheyalwayskeeptothedirectroad,thanthosewhorunandgoastray.
Formypart,Ihaveneverpresumedmymindtobemoreperfectthanaverageinanyway.Ihave,infact,oftenwishedthatmythoughtswereasquick,ormyimaginationaspreciseanddistinct,ormymemoryascapaciousorprompt,asthoseofsomeothermen.AndIknowofnootherqualitiesthanthesewhichmakefortheperfectionofthemind;forastoreason,orgoodsense,inasmuchasitalonemakesusmenanddistinguishesusfromthebeasts,Iamquitewillingtobelievethatitiswholeandentireineachofus,andtofollowinthecommonopinionofthephilosopherswhosaythattherearedifferencesofmoreorlessonlyamongtheaccidents,andnotamongtheforms,ornatures,oftheindividualsof-asingle-species.
1.Accordingtotheauthor,thethreeelementsthatcompriseourmindare().
2.Thebasicideaofthefirstparagraphmaybestatedasfollows:()
3.Abouthimself,theauthorstatesthat().
4.Theauthorclaimsthatwhatsetshumanbeingsapartfrombeastsis().
5.Accordingtotheauthortheabilitytodistinguishbetweenthetrueandthefalseis().
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.tenacityofthought,capaciousmemory,quicknessofmind
B.preciseofwit,easeofconscience,quicknessofthought
C.quicknessofwit,easeofconscience,quicknessofthought
D.promptnessofmemory,distinctnessofimagination,quicknessofthought
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.allpersonshaveanequalportionofgoodwillwhentheyareborn
B.greatsoulsarecapableofgreatevil
C.goodsense,intermsofitsdistributionamongpersons,maybecalledcommonsense
D.goodsenseisthemarkofthetrulygoodperson
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.hehadalwayssensedhismentalsuperiorityovermostpersons
B.hisawarenessofhismentalsuperiorityoverotherswassomethingthatgrewslowlywithexperience
C.heactuallyregardshisownmentalfacultiesasinferiorinmanywaystothoseof,thegreatmajorityofpersons
D.hehasneverhadthefeelingthathismindwasmorethanaverageinanyway
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.asenseoforganizationcombinedwiththeabilitytocreate
B.theabilitytoadapttothesurroundings
C.asenseofreasoncoupledwithastrongsenseofpracticality
D.asenseofreason
問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)
A.endowedbynaturetoallcreatures
B.endowedinequalmeasuretoallpersons
C.moreheavilypresentinsomepersonsthaninothers
D.anunnatural,cultivatedtraitinallpersons
【答案】第1題:D
第2題:C
第3題:D
第4題:D
第5題:B
【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干及選項(xiàng)可定位到第二段"Ihave,infact,oftenwishedthatmythoughtswereasquick,ormyimaginationaspreciseanddistinct,ormymemoryascapaciousorprompt,asthoseofsomeothermen."事實(shí)上,我常常希望我的思維能像別人一樣敏捷,我的想象力能像別人一樣精確而鮮明,我的記憶力能像別人一樣豐富而迅速。據(jù)此可知memory,imagination和thought是構(gòu)成思維的三大因素。故D項(xiàng)正確。
2.主旨大意題。由第一段"Goodsenseisthemostequitablydistributedthingintheworld,foreachmanconsidershimselfsowellprovidedwithitthateventhosewhoaremostdifficulttosatisfyineverythingelsedonotusuallywishtohavemoreofitthantheyhavealready."良好的判斷力是世界上最公平分配的東西,因?yàn)槊總€(gè)人都認(rèn)為自己擁有良好的判斷力,即使是那些在其他方面最難滿足的人,通常也不希望自己擁有更多的判斷力??芍谝欢沃饕v述了世界上的每個(gè)人的判斷力都是平等的。A項(xiàng)“所有人在出生時(shí)都享有同等的善意”與原文不符;B項(xiàng)“偉大的靈魂能夠做出偉大的壞事”原文沒提到;C項(xiàng)“良好的判斷力,從它在人群中被分配的情況看,可以被叫做常識(shí)?!迸c第一段的主旨大意相符。D項(xiàng)“良好的判斷力是真正的好人的標(biāo)志”第一段沒有提到。故C項(xiàng)正確。
3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干定位到第二段第一句"Formypart,Ihaveneverpresumedmymindtobemoreperfectthanaverageinanyway."就我而言,我從來(lái)沒有設(shè)想過(guò)自己的智力在任何方都比一般人更完美?!笨芍狣項(xiàng)正確。ABC三項(xiàng)均與原文表述相反。
4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干定位到第二段"forastoreason,orgoodsense,inasmuchasitalonemakesusmenanddistinguishesusfromthebeasts…"因?yàn)槔硇?,或者說(shuō)理智,就其本身而言,使我們成為人,使我們與禽獸區(qū)別開來(lái)。據(jù)此可知使人與禽獸有區(qū)別的是理性或理智,故D項(xiàng)正確。
5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干定位到第一段"itshows,rather,thattheabilitytojudgerightlyandseparatethetruefromthefalse,whichisessentiallywhatiscalledgoodsenseorreason,isbynatureequalinallmen,"相反,它表明了正確判斷和區(qū)分真?zhèn)蔚哪芰Γ簿褪撬^的良好的感覺或理性,對(duì)于所有人來(lái)說(shuō)天生就是平等的。故B項(xiàng)正確。
11.單選題
Satellitephotographscanprovideinformationon()rainarefalling.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.whichwhereandhowmuch
B.whereandhow
C.whichandhow
D.whereandhowmuch
【答案】D
【解析】考查引導(dǎo)詞。句意:衛(wèi)星照片可以提供關(guān)于降雨區(qū)域以及降雨量的信息。on后面接定語(yǔ)從句,從句的主語(yǔ)已經(jīng)有引導(dǎo)詞連接,不再用which。故D項(xiàng)正確。
12.單選題
WrestlerJake“TheSnake”RoberttoldTMZ.comthathewill()emergencysurgerytoremoveacanceroustumour.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.uphold
B.undergo
C.transfer
D.trigger
【答案】B
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)uphold表示“支撐,鼓勵(lì),贊成”;B選項(xiàng)undergo表示“經(jīng)歷,經(jīng)受,忍受”;C選項(xiàng)transfer表示“轉(zhuǎn)讓,轉(zhuǎn)移”;D選項(xiàng)trigger表示“觸發(fā),引起”。由句意可知,這位摔跤手告訴TMZ.com網(wǎng)站說(shuō),他將進(jìn)行緊急手術(shù),切除癌癥腫瘤。因此,只有undergo的詞義最符合句意,故本題正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。
13.單選題
Despitemediareportsthattheplanewashijacked,expertswerestillinvestigatingallpossibilitiesastowhathadcausedMH370to()fromitsoriginalflightpath.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.detach
B.deviate
C.differ
D.discharge
【答案】B
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)detach表示“使分離,派遣”;B選項(xiàng)deviate表示“使偏離,越軌”;C選項(xiàng)differ表示“使不同,意見分歧”;D選項(xiàng)discharge表示“離開,放電,釋放,撤銷”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“fromitsoriginalflightpath”可知,原文講的是飛機(jī)偏離航線,因此deviate含義最符合原文句意,故本題正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。
14.單選題
()thehelpofhisrichuncle,hecouldnotbelivingawealthylifetoday.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.Becauseof
B.Butfor
C.Inspiteof
D.Asfor
【答案】B
【解析】考查介詞短語(yǔ)辨析。A選項(xiàng)Becauseof表示“因?yàn)椤?;B選項(xiàng)Butfor表示“要不是”;C選項(xiàng)Inspiteof表示“盡管”;D選項(xiàng)Asfor表示“關(guān)于,至于”。分析句意可知,要不是他有錢的叔叔幫忙,他今天不可能過(guò)著富裕的生活。因此本題正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。
15.單選題
AlltheplanetsinthesolarsystemexceptMercuryandVenushavenaturalsatellites,()objectsthatrevolvearoundtheplanets.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.which
B.ofwhich
C.whichare
D.andwhich
【答案】C
【解析】考查非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。后面的從句中缺少主謂,故C項(xiàng)符合題意。句意:太陽(yáng)系中除水星和金星外的所有行星都有天然衛(wèi)星,它們是那些圍繞行星旋轉(zhuǎn)的物體。
16.單選題
Ithoughtthechildren()whenwereturnedhome,buttheywerestillawake.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.hadbeensleeping
B.wouldsleep
C.wouldbesleeping
D.weresleeping
【答案】C
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