2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-西南交通大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)14

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-西南交通大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Thevastmajorityofpeopleinanygivenculturewill（）totheestablishedstandardsofthatculture.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.confine

B.conform

C.confront

D.confirm

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)confine“限制；禁閉”；B選項(xiàng)conform“符合；遵照；適應(yīng)環(huán)境”；C選項(xiàng)confront“面對(duì)；遭遇；比較”；D選項(xiàng)confirm“確認(rèn)；確定；證實(shí)”。句意：在任何特定文化中的絕大多數(shù)人都將遵守該文化既定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)?？崭裉幍膭?dòng)詞既要符合句意，又要與to構(gòu)成搭配。因此B項(xiàng)正確。Conformto表示“符合，遵照”。

2.單選題

（）mancannowcreateradioactiveelements,thereisnothinghecandotoreducetheirradioactivity.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.As

B.Whether

C.While

D.Nowthat

【答案】C

【解析】句意:雖然人類(lèi)現(xiàn)在可以制造出放射性元素，但無(wú)法降低這些元素的放射性。

考查連詞辨析。前半句句意為:人類(lèi)現(xiàn)在可以制造出放射性元素，后半句句意為:無(wú)法降低這些元素的放射性。由此可見(jiàn)，前后為轉(zhuǎn)折對(duì)比的關(guān)系，因此C項(xiàng)“雖然，盡管”正確。

3.單選題

Whatisthenatureofthescientificattitude,theattitudeofthemanorwomanwhostudiesandappliesphysics,biology,chemistry,geology,engineering,medicineoranyotherscience?Weallknowthatscienceplaysanimportantroleinthesocieties.However,manypeoplebelievethatourprogressdependsontwodifferentaspectsofscience.Thefirstaspectistheapplicationofthemachines,productsandsystemsofknowledgethatscientistsandtechnologistsdevelop.Throughtechnology,scienceimprovesthestructureofsocietyandhelpsmantogainincreasingcontroloverhisenvironment.

Thesecondaspectistheapplicationbyallmembersofsocietyofthespecialmethodsofthoughtandactionthatscientistsuseintheirwork.

Whatarethesespecialmethodsofthinkingandacting?Firstofall,itseemsthatasuccessfulscientistisfullofcuriosity----hewantstofindouthowandwhytheuniverseworks.Heusuallydirectshisattentiontowardsproblemswhichhenoticeshavenosatisfactoryexplanation,andhiscuriositymakeshimlookforunderlyingrelationshipsevenifthedataavailableseemtobeunconnected.Moreover,hethinkshecanimprovetheexistingconditionsandenjoystryingtosolvetheproblemswhichthisinvolves.

Heisgoodobserver,accurate,patientandobjectiveandapplieslogicalthoughttotheobservationshemakes.Heutilizesthefactsheobservestothefullestextent.Forexample,trainedobserversobtainaverylargeamountofinformationaboutastarmainlyfromtheaccurateanalysisofthesimplelinesthatappearinaspectrum.

Heisskeptical—hedoesnotacceptstatementswhicharenotbasedonthemostcompleteevidenceavailable----andthereforerejectsauthorityasthesolebasisfortruth.Scientistsalwayscheckstatementsandmakeexperimentscarefullyandobjectivelytoverifythem.

Furthermore,heisnotonlycriticaloftheworkofothers,butalsoofhisown,sinceheknowsthatmanistheleastreliableofscientificinstrumentsandthatanumberoffactorstendtodisturbobjectiveinvestigation.

Lastly,heishighlyimaginativesinceheoftenhastolookforrelationshipsindatawhicharenotonlycomplexbutalsofrequentlyincomplete.Furthermore,heneedsimaginationifhewantstomakehypothesesofhowprocessesworkandhoweventstakeplace.

Theseseemtobesomeofthewaysinwhichasuccessfulscientistortechnologistthinksandacts.

1.Manypeoplebelievethatsciencehelpssocietytoprogressthrough（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisINCORRECTaboutcuriosity?

3.Accordingtothepassage,asuccessfulscientistwouldnot（）.

4.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

5.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthetopic?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.appliedknowledge

B.morethanoneaspect

C.technologyonly

D.theuseofmachines

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Itgivesthescientistconfidenceandpleasureinwork.

B.Itgivesrisetointerestinproblemsthatareunexplained.

C.Itleadstoeffortstoinvestigatepotentialconnections.

D.Itencouragesthescientisttolookfornewwaysofacting.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.easilybelieveinuncheckedstatements

B.easilycriticizeothers’researchwork

C.alwaysusehisimaginationinwork

D.alwaysuseevidencefromobservation

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Applicationoftechnology.

B.Progressinmodernsociety.

C.Scientists’waysofthinkingandacting.

D.Howtobecomeasuccessfulscientific.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Critical

B.Objective

C.Biased

D.Unclear

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第一段指出:However,manypeoplebelievethatourprogressdependsontwodifferentaspectsofscience(然而，許多人認(rèn)為社會(huì)的進(jìn)步取決于科學(xué)的兩個(gè)不同方面)。因此B項(xiàng)“不止一個(gè)方面”正確。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞curiosity定位至第三段。A:它賦予了科學(xué)家在工作中的信心和樂(lè)趣。第三段最后一句指出:Moreover,hethinkshecanimprovetheexistingconditionsandenjoystryingtosolvetheproblemswhichthisinvolves(除此之外，他認(rèn)為自己能夠改善現(xiàn)有的條件并享受努力解決相關(guān)問(wèn)題的過(guò)程)。由此可見(jiàn)，A項(xiàng)符合原文所述。B:它激發(fā)人們對(duì)未解之謎的興趣。該段還指出:hewantstofindouthowandwhytheuniverseworks(他想要發(fā)現(xiàn)宇宙運(yùn)行的原因和方式)。這里的howandwhytheuniverseworks相當(dāng)于B項(xiàng)的problemsthatareunexplained，由此可見(jiàn)，B項(xiàng)符合原文所述。C:它引導(dǎo)人們研究(調(diào)查)潛在的聯(lián)系。根據(jù)該段中的“hiscuriositymakeshimlookforunderlyingrelationshipsevenifthedataavailableseemtobeunconnected(他的這種好奇心促使他去探尋事物之間潛藏的聯(lián)系，即使相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)顯示這些事物之間似乎沒(méi)有聯(lián)系)”可知C項(xiàng)也符合原文所述。D:它鼓勵(lì)科學(xué)家尋找新的行為方式。只有D項(xiàng)在原文中找不到相關(guān)信息，故本題選D。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第五段指出:hedoesnotacceptstatementswhicharenotbasedonthemostcompleteevidenceavailable(他不會(huì)去接受那些不是基于充分的證據(jù)的論斷)。因此A項(xiàng)“輕易相信未經(jīng)檢查的陳述”正確。

第4題:主旨大意題。本文采取總—分的結(jié)構(gòu)，先是總述:科學(xué)在社會(huì)中起著重要作用，然而，許多人都認(rèn)為社會(huì)的進(jìn)步取決于科學(xué)的兩個(gè)不同的方面。后面重點(diǎn)講了科學(xué)的第二個(gè)方面，即科學(xué)家在工作的過(guò)程中所使用的思考和行為方法，因此C項(xiàng)“科學(xué)家思考和行動(dòng)的方式”是文章重點(diǎn)討論的。

第5題:觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。此文章為說(shuō)明文。文章只是客觀陳述了許多人認(rèn)為決定社會(huì)進(jìn)步的兩個(gè)不同的科學(xué)方面，重點(diǎn)介紹了科學(xué)家在工作的過(guò)程中所使用的思考和行為方法，并未摻雜個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)及情感，故選B項(xiàng)。

4.單選題

Intheearly20thcentury,fewthingsweremoreappealingthanthepromiseofscientificknowledge.Inaworldstrugglingwithrapidindustrialization,scienceandtechnologyseemedtooffersolutionstoalmosteveryproblem.Newlycreatedstatecollegesanduniversitiesdevotedthemselvesalmostentirelytoscientific,technological,andengineeringfields.ManyAmericanscametobelievethatscientificcertaintycouldnotonlysolvescientificproblems,butalsoreformpolitics,government,andbusiness.TwoworldwarsandaGreatDepressionrockedtheconfidenceofmanypeoplethatscientificexpertisealonecouldcreateaprosperousandorderedworld.AfterWorldWarII,theacademicworldturnedwithnewenthusiasmtohumanisticstudies,whichseemedtomanyscholarsthebestwaytoensurethesurvivalofdemocracy.Americanscholarsfannedoutacrossmuchoftheworld~withsupportfromtheFordFoundation,theFulbrightprogram,etc.―topromotetheteachingofliteratureandtheartsinanefforttomakethecasefordemocraticfreedoms.

IntheAmericaofourownlime,thegreateducationalchallengehasbecomeanefforttostrengthentheteachingofwhatisnowknownastheSTEMdisciplines（science,technology,engineering,andmath）.ThereisconsiderableandjustifiedconcernthattheUnitedStatesisfallingbehindmuchoftherestofthedevelopedworldintheseessentialdisciplines.India,China.Japanandotherregionsseemtobeseizingtechnologicalleadership.

Atthesametime,perhapsinevitably,thehumanities—whilestillpopularinelitecollegesanduniversities—haveexperiencedasignificantdecline.Humanisticdisciplinesareseriouslyunderfunded,notjustbythegovernmentandthefoundationsbutbyacademicinstitutionsthemselves.Humanistsareusuallyamongthelowest-paidfacultymembersatmostinstitutionsandareoftenlightlyregardedbecausetheydonotgenerategrantincomeandbecausetheyprovidenoobviouscredentials（資質(zhì)）formostnonacademiccareers.

UndoubtedlyAmericaneducationshouldtrainmorescientistsandengineers.MuchoftheconcernamongpoliticiansaboutthestateofAmericanuniversitiestodayisfocusedontheabsenceof“realworld”education—whichmeanspreparationforprofessionalandscientificcareers.Buttheideathatinstitutionsortheirstudentsmustdecidebetweenhumanitiesandscienceisfalse.Oursocietycouldnotsurvivewithoutscientificandtechnologicalknowledge.Butwewouldbeequallyimpoverished（貧困的）withouthumanisticknowledgeaswell.Scienceandtechnologyteachuswhatwecando.Humanisticthinkinghelpsusunderstandwhatweshoulddo.

Itisalmostimpossibletoimagineoursocietywithoutthinkingoftheextraordinaryachievementsofscientistsandengineersinbuildingourcomplicatedworld.Buttrytoimagineourworldaswellwithouttheremarkableworksthathavedefinedourcultureandvalues.Wehavealwaysneeded,andwestillneed,both.

1.Intheearly20thcenturyAmericansbelievedscienceandtechnologycould（）.

2.WhydidmanyAmericanscholarsbecomeenthusiasticabouthumanisticstudiesafterWorldWarII?

3.WhyareAmericanscholarsworriedabouteducationtoday?

4.Whataccountsforthesignificantdeclineinhumanisticstudiestoday?

5.Whydoestheauthorattachsomuchimportancetohumanisticstudies?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.solvevirtuallyallexistingproblems

B.helpraisepeople’slivingstandards

C.quickenthepaceofindustrialization

D.promotethenation’ssocialprogress

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theywantedtoimprovetheirownstatuswithinthecurrenteducationsystem.

B.Theybelievedthestabilityofasocietydependedheavilyonhumanisticstudies.

C.Theycouldgetfinancialsupportfromvariousfoundationsforhumanisticstudies.

D.Theyrealizedscienceandtechnologyalonewerenoguaranteeforabetterworld.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.TheSTEMsubjectsaretoochallengingforstudentstolearn.

B.SomeAsiancountrieshaveovertakenAmericainbasicsciences.

C.AmericaislaggingbehindintheSTEMdisciplines.

D.Therearenotenoughscholarsinhumanisticstudies.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Insufficientfunding

B.Shortageofdevotedfaculty

C.Shrinkingenrollment

D.Dimprospectsforgraduates

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Theypromotethedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology.

B.Theyhelppreparestudentsfortheirprofessionalcareers.

C.Humanisticthinkinghelpsdefineourcultureandvalues.

D.Humanisticthinkinghelpscultivatestudents’creativity.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第一段指出:scienceandtechnologyseemedtooffersolutionstoalmosteveryproblem(科學(xué)與技術(shù)似乎幾乎為所有問(wèn)題提供了解決方案)。由此可知，A項(xiàng)“解決幾乎所有存在的問(wèn)題”正確。

第2題:判斷推理題。第一段指出:TwoworldwarsandaGreatDepressionrockedtheconfidenceofmanypeoplethatscientificexpertisealonecouldcreateaprosperousandorderedworld(兩次世界大戰(zhàn)和一次大蕭條動(dòng)搖了許多人的信心，他們?cè)J(rèn)為只有科學(xué)知識(shí)才能創(chuàng)造一個(gè)繁榮有序的世界)。以及:AfterWorldWarII,theacademicworldturnedwithnewenthusiasmtohumanisticstudies,whichseemedtomanyscholarsthebestwaytoensurethesurvivalofdemocracy(第二次世界大戰(zhàn)后，學(xué)術(shù)界對(duì)人文主義研究產(chǎn)生了新的熱情，這在許多學(xué)者看來(lái)是確保民主生存的最佳途徑)。由此可知，D項(xiàng)“他們認(rèn)識(shí)到僅有科學(xué)和技術(shù)不能保證一個(gè)更好的世界”正確。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第二段指出:ThereisconsiderableandjustifiedconcernthattheUnitedStatesisfallingbehindmuchoftherestofthedevelopedworldintheseessentialdisciplines(在這些基本學(xué)科方面，美國(guó)正落后于許多其他發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家，這個(gè)擔(dān)憂(yōu)是相當(dāng)合理的)。因此C項(xiàng)“美國(guó)在STEM學(xué)科上正落后”正確。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第三段指出:Humanisticdisciplinesareseriouslyunderfunded,notjustbythegovernmentandthefoundationsbutbyacademicinstitutionsthemselves(政府、基金會(huì)和學(xué)術(shù)機(jī)構(gòu)本身為人文學(xué)科所提供的資金都嚴(yán)重不足)。因此A項(xiàng)“資金不足”正確。

第5題:判斷推理題。最后一段指出:Buttrytoimagineourworldaswellwithouttheremarkableworksthathavedefinedourcultureandvalues(然而，也試著去想象我們的世界沒(méi)有定義我們文化和價(jià)值的引人注目的作品)。由此可知，作者認(rèn)為人文主義研究重要是因?yàn)槿宋闹髁x思想幫助定義了我們的文化和價(jià)值觀。故選C。

5.單選題

Althoughtheendofthetermwasclose（）,Jimhadnotcompletedalloftheprojectshehadhopedtofinish.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.onhand

B.byhand

C.athand

D.inhand

【答案】C

【解析】句意:盡管學(xué)期快結(jié)束了，吉姆還沒(méi)有完成他希望完成的所有項(xiàng)目。

考查短語(yǔ)辨析。onhand在手邊;在場(chǎng);byhand用手；athand在手邊；即將到來(lái)；inhand在手頭；在進(jìn)行中；在控制中。這里表示“學(xué)期快結(jié)束了”，故選C。

6.單選題

Heaskedmetolendhimsomemoney,whichIagreedtodo,（）thathepaidmebackthefollowingweek.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.onoccasion

B.onpurpose

C.oncondition

D.onlyif

【答案】C

【解析】句意:他要我借給他一些錢(qián)，我答應(yīng)了，但條件是他下星期還錢(qián)。

考查短語(yǔ)辨析。onoccasion偶爾，有時(shí)；onpurpose故意；oncondition在……條件下，如果；onlyif只要，只有。空格所在句說(shuō)的是借錢(qián)的條件，因此C項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Weshouldmakeaclear（）betweenthetwoscientifictermsforthepurposeofourdiscussion.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.separation

B.discrimination

C.deviation

D.distinction

【答案】D

【解析】句意:為了討論，我們應(yīng)該把這兩個(gè)科學(xué)術(shù)語(yǔ)明確區(qū)分開(kāi)來(lái)。

考查名詞辨析。separation分離；距離;［法］分居；discrimination歧視；辨別；deviation偏差；誤差；背離；distinction區(qū)分；差別。由關(guān)鍵詞“betweenthetwoscientificterms在這兩個(gè)科學(xué)術(shù)語(yǔ)之間”可知D項(xiàng)符合句意，且能和介詞between進(jìn)行搭配。

8.單選題

EducatorsareseriouslyconcernedaboutthehighrateofdropoutsamongthedoctorofphilosophycandidatesandtheconsequentlossoftalenttoanationinneedofPh.D.s.Somehasplacedthedropoutslossashighas50percent.Theextentofthelosswas,however,largelyamatterofexpertguessing.Lastweekawell-roundedstudywaspublished.Itwasbasedon22,000questionnairessenttoformergraduatewhowereenrolledin24universitiesanditseemedtoshowmanypastfearstobegroundless.

Thedropoutsratewasfoundtobe31percentandinmostcasesthedropouts,whilenotcompletingthePh.D.requirement,wentontoproductivework.Theyarenotonlydoingwellfinancially,but,accordingtothereport,arenotfarbelowtheincomelevelsofthosewhowentontocompletetheirdoctorates.

Discussingthestudylastweek,Dr.Tuckersaidtheprojectwasinitiated“becauseoftheconcernfrequentlyexpressedbygraduatefacultiesandadministratorsthatsomeoftheindividualswhodroppedoutofPh.D.programswerecapableofcompletingtherequirementforthedegree.AttritionatthePh.D.levelisalsothoughttobeawasteofpreciousfacultytimeandadrainonuniversityresourcesalreadybeingusedtocapacity.SomepeopleexpressedtheopinionthattheshortageofhighlytrainedspecialistsandcollegeteacherscouldbereducedbypersuadingthedropoutstoreturntograduateschoolstocompletethePh.D.”

“Theresultsofourresearch”，Dr.Tuckerconcluded,“didnotsupporttheseopinions."

(1)Lackofmotivationwastheprincipalreasonfordroppingout.

(2)Mostdropoutswentasfarintheirdoctoralprogramaswasconsistentwiththeirlevelsofabilityortheirspecialties.

(3)Mostdropoutsarenowengagedinworkconsistentwiththeireducationandmotivation.

Nearly75percentofthedropoutssaidtherewasnoacademicreasonfortheirdecision,butthosewhomentionedacademicreasoncitedfailuretopassthequalifyingexamination,uncompletedresearchandfailuretolanguageexams.Amongthesinglemostimportantpersonalreasonsidentifiedbydropoutsfornon-completionoftheirPh.D.program,lackoffinanceswasmarkedby19percent.

Asanindicationofhowwellthedropoutsweredoing,achartshowed2%inhumanitieswerereceiving$20,000andmoreannuallywhilenoneofthePh.D.’swiththatbackgroundreachedthisfigure.ThePh.D.’sshoneinthe$7,500to$15,000bracketwith78%atthatlevelagainst50%forthedropouts.Thismayalsobeanindicationofthefactthattopsalariesintheacademicfields,wherePh.D’stendtorisetothehighestsalaries,arestilllaggingbehindotherfields.

Astothepossibilityofgettingdropoutsbackoncampus,theoutlookwasglum.Themainconditionwhichwouldhavetoprevailforatleast25%ofthedropoutswhomightconsiderreturningtograduateschoolwouldbetoguaranteethattheywouldretaintheirpresentlevelofincomeandinsomecasestheirpresentjob.

1.Theauthorstatesthatmanyeducatorsfeelthat（）.

2.Researchhasshownthat（）.

3.MeetingforeignlanguagerequirementsforthePh.D.（）.

4.Afterreadingthearticle,onewouldrefrainfromconcludingthat（）.

5.Itcanbeinferredthatthehighrateofdropoutsliesin（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.stepsshouldbetakentogetdropoutsbacktocampus.

B.thedropoutsshouldreturntoalowerqualityschooltocontinuetheirstudy.

C.thePh.

D.holderisgenerallyabetteradjustedpersonthanthedropout.D.thehighdropoutrateislargelyattributabletothelackofstimulationonthepartoffacultymembers

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.dropoutsaresubstantiallybelowPh.D’sinfinancialattainment.

B.theincentivefactorisaminoroneinregardtopursuingPh.D.studies.

C.D.studies.C.

D.studies.C.thePh.D.candidateislikelytochangehisfieldofspecializationifhedropsout.D.aboutone-thirdofthosewhostartPh.D.workdonotcompletetheworktoearnthedegree.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.isthemostfrequentreasonfordroppingout.

B.ismoredifficultforthesciencecandidatethanforthehumanitiescandidate.

C.isanessentialpartofmanyPh.

D.programs.D.doesnotvaryindifficultyamonguniversities.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.optimismreignsinregardtogettingPh.D.dropoutstoreturntotheirpursuitofthedegree.

B.aPh.D.dropout,byandlarge,doesnothavewhatittakestolearnthedegree.

C.D.dropoutstoreturntotheirpursuitofthedegree.B.aPh.D.dropout,byandlarge,doesnothavewhatittakestolearnthedegree.C.

D.dropoutstoreturntotheirpursuitofthedegree.B.aPh.D.dropout,byandlarge,doesnothavewhatittakestolearnthedegree.C.collegesanduniversitiesemployasubstantialnumberofPh.D.dropouts.D.Ph.D.’sarenotearningwhattheydeserveinnonacademicpositions.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.salaryforPh.D.toolow

B.academicrequirementtoohigh

C.D.toolowB.academicrequirementtoohighC.

D.toolowB.academicrequirementtoohighC.salaryfordropoutstoohighD.l,000positions

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干意思定位到第三段SomepeopleexpressedtheopinionthattheshortageofhighlytrainedspecialistsandcollegeteacherscouldbereducedbypersuadingthedropoutstoreturntograduateschoolstocompletethePh.D.“一些人認(rèn)為，可以通過(guò)說(shuō)服輟學(xué)者重返研究生院完成博士學(xué)位，來(lái)減少受過(guò)高等教育的專(zhuān)家和大學(xué)教師的短缺”由此可知A選項(xiàng)“應(yīng)該采取措施讓輟學(xué)者重返校園”與原文意思相符，為正確選項(xiàng)。

第2題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第二段中Thedropoutsratewasfoundtobe31percentandinmostcasesthedropouts,whilenotcompletingthePh.D.requirement,wentontoproductivework“博士候選人的輟學(xué)率高達(dá)31%，在大多數(shù)情況下，這些輟學(xué)生在沒(méi)有完成博士學(xué)位要求的情況下，都在繼續(xù)從事生產(chǎn)性工作?！庇纱丝赏瞥鯠選項(xiàng)“大約三分之一開(kāi)始攻讀博士學(xué)位的人沒(méi)有完成學(xué)業(yè)獲得學(xué)位”與原文相符。A選項(xiàng)“輟學(xué)者在經(jīng)濟(jì)成就方面遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)低于博士”與文章最后一句表達(dá)意思相反，所以不正確；B選項(xiàng)“在攻讀博士學(xué)位方面，激勵(lì)因素是次要的”與原文不符；C項(xiàng)“如果這位博士候選人退出，他很可能改變他的專(zhuān)業(yè)領(lǐng)域”在文中并未提及。因此，選項(xiàng)A、B、C均為錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)，D選項(xiàng)正確。

第3題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章第八段中Nearly75percentofthedropoutssaidtherewasnoacademicreasonfortheirdecision,butthosewhomentionedacademicreasoncitedfailuretopassthequalifyingexamination,uncompletedresearchandfailuretolanguageexams.“近75%的退學(xué)學(xué)生表示，他們的決定并非出于學(xué)術(shù)原因，但那些提到學(xué)術(shù)原因的學(xué)生表示，他們沒(méi)有通過(guò)資格考試、沒(méi)有完成研究以及沒(méi)有通過(guò)語(yǔ)言考試?！庇纱丝赏浦狢選項(xiàng)“是許多博士課程的重要組成部分”與原文意思相符，正確。

第4題:判斷推理題。本題題干意思是讀完這篇文章后，人們不會(huì)得出這樣的結(jié)論……文章最后一段中Astothepossibilityofgettingdropoutsbackoncampus,theoutlookwasglum.“至于讓輟學(xué)學(xué)生重返校園的可能性，前景不容樂(lè)觀。”A選項(xiàng)“讓博士輟學(xué)生重新回到他們對(duì)學(xué)位的追求中，樂(lè)觀主義占據(jù)了主導(dǎo)地位”與原文意思相反，因此選項(xiàng)A為正確選項(xiàng)。

第5題:判斷推理題。由倒數(shù)第二段中Thismayalsobeanindicationofthefactthattopsalariesintheacademicfields,wherePh.D’stendtorisetothehighestsalaries,arestilllaggingbehindotherfields.“這也可能表明了這樣一個(gè)事實(shí)，即博士往往能拿到最高薪水的學(xué)術(shù)領(lǐng)域的高薪仍落后于其他領(lǐng)域?！庇纱丝梢酝瞥觯┦康男劫Y并不高，因此A選項(xiàng)“博士的薪水太低”與原文相符。選項(xiàng)B、C都屬于過(guò)度推斷，選項(xiàng)D文章并未提及。由此可知，選項(xiàng)A為正確選項(xiàng)。

9.單選題

Thecomputerrevolutionmaywellchangesocietyas（）asdidtheIndustrialRevolution.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.certainly

B.insignificantly

C.fundamentally

D.comparatively

【答案】C

【解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)certainly“當(dāng)然；必定”；B選項(xiàng)insignificantly“無(wú)關(guān)緊要地”；C選項(xiàng)fundamentally“根本地，從根本上；基礎(chǔ)地”；D選項(xiàng)comparatively“比較地；相當(dāng)?shù)亍?。句意：?jì)算機(jī)革命可能會(huì)像工業(yè)革命一樣從根本上改變我們的社會(huì)。因此C符合句意。

10.單選題

Thestudentstakea（）testinMarch,andthemainexamisinJuly.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.previous

B.preliminary

C.preceded

D.elementary

【答案】B

【解析】句意:學(xué)生們?cè)谌路輩⒓映踉?，正式考試在七月?/p>

考查形容詞辨析。previous先前的；preliminary初步的，預(yù)備的；preceded前面的；elementary初步的，基本的。由后面句子關(guān)鍵詞“正式考試”可知這里指“初試”，故選B。

11.單選題

InBritainpeople（）fourmilliontonsofpotatoeseveryyear.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.swallow

B.dispose

C.consume

D.exhaust

【答案】C

【解析】句意:在英國(guó)，人們每年消耗四百萬(wàn)噸土豆。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。swallow忍受;吞沒(méi);dispose處理;處置;安排；consume消耗；消費(fèi);exhaust耗盡;排出。空格處動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)是potatoes(土豆)，因此C項(xiàng)符合句意。

12.單選題

Thetravelagencyhasafullprogramof（）,iftouristswishtovisitlocalplacesofinterest.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.expeditions

B.excursions

C.explorations

D.propositions

【答案】B

【解析】句意:如果游客想游覽當(dāng)?shù)氐拿麆俟袍E，旅行社有一套完整的短途旅行計(jì)劃。

考查名詞辨析。expedition遠(yuǎn)征，探險(xiǎn);excursion遠(yuǎn)足，短程旅行;exploration探測(cè)；proposition命題，提議。根據(jù)“當(dāng)?shù)氐拿麆俟袍E”可知四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，B項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

StandingontherimoftheGrandCanyon,gazingacrossthisgiantwoundintheEarth’ssurface,avisitormightassumethatthecanyonhadbeencausedbysomeancientconvulsion.Infacttheeventsthatproducedthecanyon,farfrombeingsuddenandcataclysmic,simplyadduptotheslowandorderlyprocessoferosion.

ManymillionsofyearsagotheColoradoPlateauintheGrandCanyonareacontained10,000morefeetofrockthanitdoestodayandwasrelativelylevel.Theadditionalmaterialconsistedofsome14-layeredformationsofrock.IntheGrandCanyonregiontheselayerswerelargelywornawayoverthecourseofmillionsofyears.

Approximately65millionyearsagotheplateau’sflatsurfaceintheGrandCanyonareabulgedupwardfrominternalpressure;geologistsrefertothisbulgingactionasupwarping;itwasfollowedbyageneralelevationofthewholeColoradoPlateau,aprocessthatisstillgoingon.Astheplateaugraduallyrose,shallowriversthatmeanderedacrossitbegantorunmoreswiftlyandcutmoredefinitecourses.Oneoftheserivers,locatedeastoftheupwarp,wastheancestoroftheColorado.AnotherriversystemcalledtheHualapai,flowingwestoftheupwarp,extendeditselfeastwardbycuttingbackintotheupwarp;iteventuallyconnectedwiththeancientColoradoandcaptureditswaters.Thenewriverthenbegantocarveoutthe277-miIe-longtrenchthateventuallybecametheGrandCanyon.Geologistsestimatethatthisinitialcuttingactionbegannoearlierthan10millionyearsago.

Sincethen,thecanyonforminghasbeencumulative.Tothecorrosiveforceoftheriveritselfhavebeenaddedotherfactors.Heatandcold,rainandsnow,alongwiththevaryingresistanceoftherocks,increasetheopportunitiesforerosion.Thecanyonwallscrumble;theriveracquiresacuttingtool,tonsofdebris,rainfallrunningoffthehighplateaucreatesfeederstreamsthatcarvesidecanyons.Pushingslowlybackwardintotheplateau,thesidecanyonsexposenewrocks,andthepatternoferosioncontinues.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Inthefirstsentence,theauthorreferstotheGrandCanyonasa“wound”toindicatethat（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,thefirstphenomenontocontributetotheformationoftheGrandCanyonwas（）.

4.Whatwasthegeographicpositionoftheupwarpapproximately65millionyearsago?

5.WhichofthefollowingconclusionsabouttheGrandCanyoncanbedrawnfromthepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Patternsoferosionindifferentmountainranges.

B.ForcesthatmadetheGrandCanyon.

C.TheincreasingpollutionoftheColoradoRiver.

D.ThesuddenappearanceoftheGrandCanyon.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.itwascausedbysomeancientconvulsion

B.itspresenceisanembarrassmenttothestateofColorado

C.itlookslikeaninjuryontheEarth'ssurface

D.ithascausedmanyvisitorstoinjurethemselves.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.aseriesofvolcaniceruptions

B.thecollapseofrockformationsintheColoradoPlateau

C.asuccessionoffloodsfromtheHualapaiRiverandwhatisnowtheColoradoRiver

D.theEarth’sinternalpressureliftingtheColoradoPlateauregion

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.TotheeastofwhatisnowtheColoradoRiver’

B.TothewestoftheHualapaiRiver

C.AtthesourceoftheHualapaiRiverandwhatisnowtheColoradoRiver

D.BetweentheHualapaiRiverandwhatisnowtheColoradoRiver

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Itscontoursareconstantlychanging

B.Thecuttingactionscarvenewstreamsalongitssides

C.Itseruptionshaveincreasedinrecentyears

D.Itisbeingerodedbytoxicwasteandpollutants

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。首段提出大峽谷的形成是一個(gè)緩慢而有序的侵蝕過(guò)程，中間兩段則是對(duì)大峽谷的形成原因和過(guò)程進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)分析，最后一段指出大峽谷的形成原因還包括其他一些外力因素。因此B項(xiàng)“導(dǎo)致大峽谷產(chǎn)生的各種力量”符合文章主旨。

第2題:判斷推理題。對(duì)于“wound”的理解可參考:thisgiantwoundintheEarth’ssurface(地球表面上的這道巨大的傷痕)。因此這里使用了比喻的修辭手法。C項(xiàng)“它（即大峽谷）看起來(lái)像地球表面上的一個(gè)傷口”正確。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第三段指出:Approximately65millionyearsagotheplateau’sflatsurfaceintheGrandCanyonareabulgedupwardfrominternalpressure(大約6500萬(wàn)年前，大峽谷地區(qū)的高原平面由于內(nèi)部壓力而向上隆起)。因此D項(xiàng)“地球的內(nèi)部壓力抬起了科羅拉多高原地區(qū)”正確。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。Oneoftheserivers,locatedeastoftheupwarp,wastheancestoroftheColorado.AnotherriversystemcalledtheHualapai.flowingwestoftheupwarp(位于該上翹東邊的這些河中的一條是科羅拉多河的前身。另一條被稱(chēng)為華拉派河的河流在該上翹的西邊……)。由此可知，大約6500萬(wàn)年前，上翹的地理位置在華拉派河和如今的科羅拉多河之間。

第5題:判斷推理題。最后一段指出:Sincethen,thecanyonforminghasbeencumulative(從那以后，大峽谷的形成一直是累積的)，因此，A項(xiàng)“它的輪廓是不斷變化的”正確。

14.單選題

Itwasfeltthathelackedthe（）topursueadifficulttasktotheveryend.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.petition

B.engagement

C.commitment

D.qualification

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。選項(xiàng)A：petition“請(qǐng)?jiān)?，祈?[法]訴狀”；選項(xiàng)B：engagement“婚約，約會(huì),交戰(zhàn),諾言”；選項(xiàng)C：commitment“獻(xiàn)身,承諾”;選項(xiàng)D:qualification“資格，條件,賦予資格”。由題意可知本題選項(xiàng)C更切合題意，正確。句意：有人認(rèn)為，他缺乏將一項(xiàng)困難的任務(wù)堅(jiān)持到底的奉獻(xiàn)精神。

15.單選題

TheculturesofChinaandJapanhavesharedmanyfeatures,buteachhasusedthemaccordingtoitsnational（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.engagement

B.destiny

C.capacity

D.temperament

【答案】D

【解析】句意:中日兩國(guó)的文化有許多共同的特點(diǎn)，但是每個(gè)國(guó)家卻根據(jù)各自的民族氣質(zhì)來(lái)體現(xiàn)。

考查名詞辨析。engagement婚約；約會(huì)；交戰(zhàn)；諾言；destiny命運(yùn);capacity能力；容量；資格；temperament氣質(zhì)；性情；性格。因此D項(xiàng)符合句意。

16.單選題

Howmanyreallysufferasaresultoflabormarketproblems?Thisisoneofthemostcriticalyetcontentioussocialpolicyquestions.Inmanyways,oursocialstatisticsexaggeratethedegreeofhardship.Unemploymentdoesnothavethesamedireconsequencestodayasitdidinthe1930’swhenmostoftheunemployedwereprimarybreadwinners,whenincomeandearningswereusuallymuchclosertothemarginofsubsistence,andwhentherewerenocountervailingsocialprogramsforthosefailinginthelabormarket.Increasingaffluence,theriseoffamilieswithmorethanonewageearner,thegrowingpredominanceofsecondaryearnersamongtheunemployed,andimprovedsocialwelfareprotectionhaveunquestionablymitigatedtheconsequencesofjoblessness.Earningsandincomedataalsooverstatethedimensionsofhardship.Amongthemillionswithhourlyearningsatorbelowtheminimumwagelevel,theoverwhelmingmajorityarefrommultiple-earner,relativelyaffluentfamilies.Mostofthosecountedbythepovertystatisticsareelderlyorhandicappedorhavefamilyresponsibilitieswhichkeepthemoutofthelaborforce,sothepovertystatisticsarebynomeansanaccurateindicatoroflabormarketpathologies.

Yettherearealsomanywaysoursocialstatisticsunderestimatethedegreeoflabor-market-relatedhardship.Theunemploymentcountsexcludethemillionsoffullyemployedworkerswhosewagesaresolowthattheirfamiliesremaininpoverty.Lowwagesandrepeatedorprolongedunemploymentfrequentlyinteracttounderminethecapacityforself-support.Sincethenumberexperiencingjoblessnessatsometimeduringtheyearisseveraltimesthenumberunemployedinanymonth,thosewhosufferasaresultofforcedidlenesscanequalorexceedaverageannualunemployment,eventhoughonlyaminorityofthejoblessin