2022年考研考博-考博英語-湘潭大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號72

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-湘潭大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Iremembermeetinghimoneeveningwithhispushcart.Ihadmanagedtosellallmypapersandwascominghomeinthesnow.IthasthatstrangehourindowntownNewYorkwhentheworkerswerepouringhomewardinthetwilight.Imarchedamongthousandsoftiredmenandwomenwhomthefactorywhistleshadunyoked.Theyflowedinriversthroughtheclothingfactorydistricts,thendownalongtheavenuestotheEastSide.

ImetmyfathernearCooperUnion.Irecognizedhim,ahunched,frozenfigureinanoldovercoatstandingbyabananacart.Helookedsolonely;thetearscametomyeyes.Thenhesawme,andhisfacelitwithhissad,beautifulsmile——CharlieChaplin'ssmile.

“Arch,it’sMikey,”hesaid.“Soyouhavesoldyourpapers!Comeandeatabanana.”

Heofferedmeone.Irefusedit.Ifeltitcrucialthatmyfathersellhisbananas,notgivethemaway.HethoughtIwasshy,andcoaxedandjokedwithme;andmademeeatthebanana.Itsmelledofwetstrawandsnow.

“Youhaven’tsoldmanybananastoday,pop,Isaidanxiously.

Heshruggedhisshoulders.

“WhatcanIdo?Nooneseemstowantthem.

Itwastrue.Theworkcrowdspushedhomemoroselyoverthepavements.TherustyskydarkenedoverNewYorkbuildings,thetallstreetlampswerelit,innumerabletrucks,streetcarsandelevatedtrainsclatteredby.Nobodyandnothinginthegreatcitystoppedformyfather’sbananas.

“Ioughttoyell,”saidmyfatherdolefully.66Ioughttomakeabignoiselikeotherpeddlers,butitmakesmythroatsore.Anyway,I’mashamedofyelling.Itmakesmefeellikeafool.’’

Ihadeatenoneofhisbananas.MysickconsciencetoldmethatIoughttopayforitsomehow.Imustremainhereandhelpmyfather.

“I’llyellforyou,pop.”Ivolunteered,

“Arch,no，’’hesaid,“gohome;youhaveworkedenoughtoday.JusttellmommaI’llbelate.”

ButIyelledandyelled.Myfather,standingby,spokeoccasionalwordsofpraise,andsaidIwasawonder&lyeller.Nobodyelsepaidattention.Theworkersdriftedpastuswearily,endlessly;adefeatedarmywrappedindreamsofhome.Elevatedtrainscrashed;theCooperUnionclockburnedaboveus;theskygrewblack,thewindpoured,theslushburnedthroughourshoes.Therewerethousandsofstrange,silentfigurespouringoverthesidewalksinsnow.Noneofthemstoppedtobuybananas.Iyelledandyelled,butnobodylistened.

Myfathertriedtostopmeatlast.“Nu,”hesaidsmilingtoconsoleme,“thatwaswonderfulyelling,Mikey.Butit’splainweareunluckytoday!Let’sgohome.”

Iwasfrantic,andalmostintears.Iinsistedonkeepingupmydesperateyells..Butatlastmyfatherpersuadedmetoleavewithhim.

1.“Unyoked”inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingisintendedtobeapairofcontrastinthepassage?

3.WhichofthefollowingwordsisNOTsuitabletodescribethecharacteroftheson?

4.Whatisthethemeofthestory?

5.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsthefatherandtheson?

問題1選項

A.sentout

B.released

C.dispatched

D.removed

問題2選項

A.Hugecrowdsandlonelyindividuals.

B.Weatherconditionsandstreetlamps.

C.Clatteringtrainsandpeddlers’yells.

D.Movingcrowdsandstreettraffic.

問題3選項

A.Compassionate.

B.Responsible.

C.Shy.

D.Determined.

問題4選項

A.Themiseryofthefactoryworkers.

B.Howtosurviveinaharshenvironment.

C.Generationgapbetweenthefatherandtheson.

D.Lovebetweenthefatherandtheson.

問題5選項

A.Indifferent.

B.Sympathetic.

C.Appreciative.

D.Sneering

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.詞義推測題。A選項表示“出發(fā)，啟程”；B選項表示“釋放，發(fā)布”；C選項表示“派遣，發(fā)送”；D選項“移開，排除”。根據(jù)劃線詞所在的那句話，句意為“我走在成千上萬個從工廠口哨中解放出來的疲憊的男男女女中”。因此，四個選項中B選項release“釋放”最貼近題意。

2.推理判斷題。題目問下列哪個選項的內(nèi)容為一組對比。A選項“川流不息的人群與無人問津賣香蕉的父子倆”；B選項‘天氣狀況和路燈’；C選項‘火車的咔嗒聲和小販的叫賣聲’；D選項‘移動的人群和街道交通’；從文章內(nèi)容中看，只有A選項是本文最強(qiáng)烈的對比，所以A選項正確。另外三組詞都渲染了相同的情緒或是相似的情景，因此構(gòu)不成對比。

3.推理判斷題。題目問下列哪一個詞不適合來形容兒子的性格特點(diǎn)。根據(jù)文章第二段中“Irecognizedhim,ahunched,frozenfigureinanoldovercoatstandingbyabananacart.Helookedsolonely;thetearscametomyeyes.我認(rèn)出了他，一個駝背、凍得僵直的人，穿著一件舊大衣，站在一輛香蕉車旁。他看上去很孤獨(dú)；淚水涌上了我的眼睛?！笨芍狝選項compassionate“慈悲的，富有同情心的”符合兒子的性格特點(diǎn)；根據(jù)文章第十段可知，兒子在吃了爸爸的一根香蕉之后，覺得自己有必要為自己付款，那就應(yīng)該幫助父親叫賣，因此可看出兒子的負(fù)責(zé)任‘Responsible’，B選項正確。根據(jù)文章最后三段可知，再叫賣了很久之后仍然沒人來買香蕉，但是兒子仍然在叫賣，由此可看出兒子的意志堅定‘Determined’，D選項正確。運(yùn)用排除法，所以只有C選項不符合他的性格特征。

4.主旨大意題。文章從兒子看見父親開始，到父子倆的談話，再到兒子為父親叫賣香蕉，整篇文章都可看出父子情深，而不是代溝的問題；C選項排除，主人公并非工人，所以A選項排除；文章沒有給出在艱難環(huán)境中如何生存下去的方法，所以B選項排除；因此D選項正確。

5.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。文章詳細(xì)介紹了父子倆賣香蕉的艱難，但兒子堅持不懈地為父親叫賣，而整篇文章的基調(diào)是比較憂郁的，由此可看出作者是滿懷同情來寫父親生活的艱難的，因此B選項‘’同情的正確。A項表示“冷漠的”；C項表示“感激的”；D項表示“嘲諷的”均不正確。

2.單選題

NowthereisinAmericaacuriouscombinationofpride（

）toapositionwhereitisnolongernecessarytodependuponmanuallaborforalivinganddelightinwhatoneisabletoaccomplishwithhishand.

問題1選項

A.inhavingrisen

B.tohaverisen

C.havingrisen

D.inrising

【答案】A

【解析】非謂語動詞辨析題。首先，pride與in搭配，表示“以……為自豪”，而介詞in之后應(yīng)用動詞的ing形式，且這里強(qiáng)調(diào)過去發(fā)生的事情對現(xiàn)在造成的影響，故應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)的分詞形式，A選項正確。

3.單選題

Fromthehealthpointofviewwearelivinginamarvelousage.Weareimmunizedfrombirthagainstmanyofthemostdangerousdiseases.Alargenumberofoncefataldiseasescannowbecuredbymodemdrugsandsurgery.Itisalmostcertainthatonedayremedieswillbefoundforthemoststubbornremainingdiseases.Theexpectationoflifehasincreasedenormously.Butthoughthepossibilityoflivingalongandhappylifeisgreaterthaneverbefore,everydaywewitnesstheincredibleslaughterofmen,womenandchildrenontheroads.Manversusmotor-car!Itisanever-endingbattlewhichmanislosing.Thousandsofpeopletheworldoverarekilledorhorriblyinjuredeachyearandwearequietlysittingbackandlettingithappen.

Ithasbeenrightlysaidthatwhenamanissittingbehindasteeringwheel,hiscarbecomestheextensionofhispersonality.Thereisnodoubtthatthemotor-caroftenbringsoutaman'sveryworstqualities.Peoplewhoarenormallyquietandpleasantmaybecomeunrecognizablewhentheyarebehindthesteeringwheel.Theyswear,theyareill-manneredandaggressive,willfulastwo-year-oldsandutterlyselfish.Alltheirhiddenfrustrations,disappointmentsandjealousiesseemtobebroughttothesurfacebytheactofdriving.

Thesurprisingthingisthatsocietysmilessobenignlyonthemotoristandseemstocondonehisbehavior.Everythingisdoneforhisconvenience.Citiesareallowedtobecomealmostuninhabitablebecauseofheavytraffic;townsaremadeuglybyhugecarparks;thecountrysideisdesecratedbyroadnetworks;andthemassannualslaughterbecomesnothingmorethanastatistic,tobeconvenientlyforgotten.

Itishightimeaworldcodewerecreatedtoreducethissenselesswasteofhumanlife.Withregardtodriving,thelawsofsomecountriesarenotoriouslylaxandeventhestrictestarenotstrictenough.Acodewhichwasuniversallyacceptedcouldonlyhaveadramaticallybeneficialeffectontheaccidentrate.Hereareafewexamplesofsomeofthethingsthatmightbedone.Thedrivingtestshouldbestandardizedandmadefarmoredifficultthanitis;allthedriversshouldbemadetotakeatesteverythreeyearsorso;theageatwhichyoungpeopleareallowedtodriveanyvehicleshouldberaisedtoatleast21;allvehiclesshouldbeputthroughstringentannualtestforsafety.Eventhesmallestamountofalcoholinthebloodcanimpairaperson'sdrivingability.Presentdrinkinganddrivinglaws(wheretheyexist)shouldbemademuchstricter.Maximumandminimumspeedlimitsshouldbeimposedonallroads.Governmentsshouldlaydownsafetyspecificationsformanufacturers,ashasbeendoneintheUSA.Alladvertisingstressingpowerandperformanceshouldbebanned.Thesemeasuresmaysoundinordinatelyharsh.Butsurelynothingshouldbeconsideredastoosevereifitresultsinreducingtheannualtollofhumanlife.Afterall,theworldisforhumanbeings,notmotor-cars.

1.Themainideaofthispassageisthat（

）.

2.WhichofthestatementsbelowisNOTinkeepingwiththeimplicationofthe2ndparagraph?

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasacounter-measureagainsttrafficaccidents?

4.Theauthor’sattitudetowardthesocialphenomenonis（

）.

問題1選項

A.trafficaccidentsaremainlycausedbymotorists

B.onlystrictertrafficlawscanpreventroadaccidents

C.thelawsofsomecountriesaboutdrivingaretoolax

D.thousandsofpeopleovertheworldarekilledeachyear

問題2選項

A.Peopleusuallycannotstayquietandpleasantwhiledriving.

B.Peopleareusuallybesidethemselveswhentheyaredriving.

C.People'shiddenabilitiesareoftenbroughtintofullplaybytheactofdriving.

D.People’sbadqualitiesandemotionscanbefullyexposedbytheactofdriving.

問題3選項

A.Makingdrivingteststandardizedandmoredifficult.

B.Raisingagelimitfordriversandretestingthemregularly.

C.Restrictingthespeedofdrivingwithinreasonablelimits.

D.Testingtheamountofalcoholindrivers’bloodfrequently.

問題4選項

A.ironical

B.critical

C.indifferent

D.militant

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。本題詢問這篇閱讀的中心思想。A選項意為“交通事故主要是由摩托車引起的”；B選項意為“只有更嚴(yán)格的交通法規(guī)能夠阻止事故的發(fā)生”；C選項意為“一些國家關(guān)于駕駛的法規(guī)太過松弛”；D選項意為“每年全世界有幾千人喪生”。分析全文內(nèi)容可知，文章前幾段主要分析了造成事故的幾個原因，而最后一段得出的結(jié)論是應(yīng)該通過更嚴(yán)格的交通法規(guī)才能更好地制止交通事故的發(fā)生，所以B選項正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。本題詢問下列哪一項論述不符合第二段的內(nèi)容。A選項意為“人們開車時通常無法保持安靜愉快的心情”；B選項意為“當(dāng)人們開車時，他們通常會發(fā)狂”；C選項意為“通常人們隱藏的能力會通過駕駛行為充分地發(fā)揮出來”；D選項意為“人們的壞品質(zhì)和負(fù)面情感會通過駕駛行為完全被公開”。根據(jù)原文“Ithasbeenrightlysaidthatwhenamanissittingbehindasteeringwheel,hiscarbecomestheextensionofhispersonality.Thereisnodoubtthatthemotor-caroftenbringsoutaman'sveryworstqualities.有人說得對，當(dāng)一個人坐在方向盤后面，他的車就成了他個性的延伸。毫無疑問，汽車常常顯露出一個人最壞的品質(zhì)?！笨芍藗冊隈{駛時的情緒和個人品質(zhì)會通過駕駛行為顯露出來，C選項正確；由原文“Peoplewhoarenormallyquietandpleasantmaybecomeunrecognizablewhentheyarebehindthesteeringwheel.通常安靜而愉快的人，當(dāng)他們坐在方向盤后面時，可能會變得面目無睹?！笨芍径沃胁]有說人們開車總是無法保持安靜和愉快，A選項符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。本題詢問下列哪一項沒有被作為阻止交通事故發(fā)生的一項對策提及。A選項意為“將駕照考試更標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化和增加難度”；B選項意為“提高駕駛員的年齡限制并定期復(fù)查”；C選項意為“將駕駛速度限制在合理的范圍內(nèi)”；D選項意為“經(jīng)常測試司機(jī)血液中的酒精量”。根據(jù)原文最后一段中提出了的如何降低摩托車事故發(fā)生的方式“駕駛測試應(yīng)當(dāng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化，比現(xiàn)在要更嚴(yán)格；所有四級每三年考核一次；年輕人駕車的允許年齡應(yīng)提高到21歲；全部機(jī)動車每年都應(yīng)經(jīng)過嚴(yán)格的安全測試”可知D選項沒有提及符合題意。

4.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。本題詢問作者對于這種社會現(xiàn)象的態(tài)度。A選項意為“諷刺的”；B選項意為“批判的”；C選項意為“漠不關(guān)心的”；D選項意為“富有戰(zhàn)斗性的”。文章的前三段分別給出了導(dǎo)致交通事故發(fā)生的幾個原因，作者也呼吁各國制定更為嚴(yán)格的交通法規(guī)來阻止事故的發(fā)生，而對于摩托車事故，作者一直持批評的態(tài)度，B選項正確。

4.單選題

Exposuretolow-intensitygammaradiationslowstherateofgrowthofthespoilageofmicro-organismsinfoodinmuchthesamewaythatthelowheatusedinpasteurization（

）thespoilageactionofthemicro-organismsinmilk.

問題1選項

A.precludes

B.initiates

C.inhibits

D.purifies

【答案】C

【解析】動詞辨析。A選項“阻止，妨礙”；B選項“創(chuàng)始，發(fā)起”；C選項“阻止，抑制”；D選項“使（某物）潔凈，凈化（心靈）”；根據(jù)句意‘暴露于低強(qiáng)度的伽馬電磁輻射下可以阻緩食物中腐壞微生物的生長速度，按照相同的原理，在巴式消毒法中，低熱會遏制住牛奶中微生物的腐壞作用’確定C選項正確。

5.單選題

Thereare,asyet,novegetationtypesorecosystemswhosestudyhasbeen（

）totheextentthattheynolonger（

）ecologists.

問題1選項

A.perfected...hinder

B.erest

C.prolonged...necessitate

D.vetoed...challenge

【答案】A

【解析】動詞辨析。A選項perfect“使完美”；hinder“隱藏，藏起來”；B選項exhaust“排出，耗盡”；interest“引起的興趣”；C選項prolong“延長，拖延”；necessitate“使成為必需”；D選項vote“投票”；challenge“挑戰(zhàn)”。根據(jù)句意‘然而由于一些植被類型或者生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的研究已經(jīng)很完善了，它們不再需要專家。’A選項正確。

6.單選題

Ahumanbeingisquite（

）creature,fortheglossofrationalitythatcovershisorhersenseoffearsand（

）isthinandofteneasilybreached.

問題1選項

A.afrail;insecurity

B.avaliant;phobias

C.anambitious;mortify

D.aludicrous;laughter

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞和名詞辨析。第一個空考查的是形容詞的辨析，frail“脆弱的，薄弱的，抵不住誘惑的”;valiant“勇敢的，有價值的”;ambitious“有野心的，有抱負(fù)的”；ludicrous“滑稽的，荒唐可笑的”；根據(jù)句尾的thinandofteneasilybreached推斷出第一個空應(yīng)該填frail;第二個空考查的是名詞辨析，insecurity“不安全，無保障”；phobias“憎惡；恐懼癥”；mortify“克制，抑制（肉體、情感等）”作動詞；laughter“笑，笑聲”；根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞thesenseof和句子的整體意思‘人類是一種極為脆弱的生物體，因為掩蓋著其恐懼感和不安全感的那層理性的外表是那么的薄弱，且常常易于破裂’可以推斷出此處應(yīng)該填insecurity,所以A選項正確。

7.翻譯題

Thenumberskeeprising,thesuperlativeskeepglowing.Eachyear,selectivecollegespromotetheirapplicationtotals,alongwiththevirtuesoftheirapplicants.

Forthisfairsfreshmanclass,thestatisticsreachedremarkablelevels.Stanfordreceivedarecord32,022applicationsfromstudentsitcalled’’simplyamazing”andaccepted7percentofthem.Brownsawanunprecedented30,135applicants,wholefttheadmissionsstaff"deeplyimpressedandattimesawed."Ninepercentwereadmitted.

ThebiggestboastcamefromtheUniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles.Inanewsrelease,UCLAsaiditsacceptedstudentshad"demonstratedexcellenceinallaspectsoftheirlives."Citingitsrecord57,670applications,theuniversityproclaimeditself"themostpopularcampusinthenation.”

Suchannouncementstellastoryinwhichcollegesgetbetter——andstudentsgetmoreamazing-everyyear.Inreality,thenarrativeisfarmorecomplex,andtheimplicationsfarlesssunnyforstudentsaswellascollegescaughtupinthecruelcycleofselectivity

ToSomedegree,theincreasesareinevitable:thecollege-boundpopulationgrown,andso,too,hasthenumberofapplicationsstudentsfile,thanksinparttoonlinetechnology.

Butwhereveritisrainingapplications,collegeshavehelpedseedthecloudsbyrecruitingwidelyandaggressivelyforevermoreapplicants.

Admissionsofficersarechasingnotsomuchamoreperfectstudentasamoreperfectclass.Inagivenyear,thiselusiveidealmightrequiremoreviolinists,goalies,aspiringengineersorstudentswhocanpaythefullcostofattendanceCollegeseverywherewantmoreminoritystudents,moreout-of-statestudentsandmorestudentsfromoverseas.

Thepursuitrevealsthedualityofthemodemcollege:it’saplacethatservesthepublicinterestandabusinesswithabottomline.

Althoughthetensionbetweenmissionandmarketinghaslongdefinedadmissions,manybelievethebalancehastiltedtoofartowardthelatter.ManycollegeshavemadeapplyingassimpleasupdatingaFacebookpage.Somedeansandguidancecounselorscomplainthatit’stooeasy.Theyquestiontheethicsofintenserecruitmentbycollegesthatrejecttheoverwhelmingmajorityofapplicants.

"It’slikeneedinganewstereoandbuyingthewholeRadioShack,saysMarkSpeer,directorofcollegecounselingattheColumbiaGrammarandPreparatorySchoolinNewYork."Withthesebiggerpools,collegesaregettingalotofstudentswhohavenochance."

FredHargadon,formerdeanofadmissionsatPrincetonandStanford,doubtsthatmoreandmoreapplicantsmakeforastrongerclass,

“Icouldn’tpickabetterclassoutof30000applicantsthanoutof15.000hesays,"I’djustenduprejectingmultiplesofthesamekid.”

【答案】斯坦福大學(xué)收到了創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄的32,022份來自學(xué)生的申請，斯坦福稱這些申請“簡直太棒了”，并接受了其中7%的申請。

在現(xiàn)實(shí)中，故事要復(fù)雜得多，對于陷入殘酷的選擇性循環(huán)的學(xué)生和大學(xué)來說，其含義也遠(yuǎn)沒有那么光明

但是，只要有大量的申請，大學(xué)就會通過廣泛而積極地招收更多的申請者，為申請埋下伏筆。

這種追求揭示了現(xiàn)代大學(xué)的兩面性:它是一個為公眾利益服務(wù)的地方也是一個有底線的企業(yè)。

“在3萬名申請者中，我找不到比15.000名更好的了,”他說道，我只是最終拒絕同樣的孩子。

8.單選題

BroadlytheEnglishmanisaquiet,shy,reservedpersonwhoisfolly（1）onlyamongpeopleheknowswell.Inthepresenceofstrangersorforeignersheoftenseemsinhibited,

（2）

embarrassed.Youhaveonlyto

（3）

acommutertrainanymorningoreveningtoseethetruthofthis.Serious-lookingbusinessmenandwomensitreadingtheirnewspapersordozinginacomer;noonespeaksInfact,todosowouldseemunusual

（4）

.Thereisanunwrittenbutclearlyunderstoodcodeofbehaviorwhich,

（5）

broken,makesthepersonimmediatelytheobjectof

（6）

.

Itisawell-knownfactthattheEnglishhavea

（7）

forthediscussionoftheirweatherandthatgivenhalfachance,theywilltalkaboutit

（8）

.SomepeoplearguethatitisBecauseEnglishweather

（9）

forecastandhenceisasourceofinterestand

（10）

toeveryone.Thismaybeso

（11）

Englishmancannothavemuch

（12）

intheweathermen,who,afterpromisingfine,sunnyweatherfortheFollowingday;areoftenprovedwrong

（13）

acouldovertheAtlanticbringsrainyweathertoaildistricts!Themaninthestreetseemstobeasaccurate-orasinaccurateastheweathermeninhis

（14）

.

Theoverseasvisitorsmaybeexcusedforshowingsurpriseatthenumberofreferences

（15）

weatherthattheEnglishmaketoeachotherinthecourseofasingleday.Veryoftenconversationalgreetingsare

（16）

bycommentsontheweather.”Niceday,isn’tit?""Beautiful!"maywellbeheardinsteadof"Goodmorning,howareyou?"

（17）

theforeignermayconsiderthisexaggeratedandcomic,itisworthwhilepointingoutthatitcouldbeusedtohisadvantage.

（18）

hewantstostartaconversationwithanEnglishmanbutis

（19）

toknowwheretobegin,hecoulddowelltomentionthestateoftheweather.Itisasafesubjectwhichwill

（20）

ananswerfromeventhemostreservedofEnglishmen.

問題1選項

A.entertained

B.relaxed

C.amused

D.enlightened'

問題2選項

A.yet

B.otherwise

C.even

D.though

問題3選項

A.experience

B.undergo

C.travel

D.witness

問題4選項

A.Obviously

B.Contrarily

C.Frequently

D.Practically

問題5選項

A.unless

B.if

C.while

D.asif

問題6選項

A.suspicion

B.opposition

C.attack

D.study

問題7選項

A.passion

B.fancy

C.Necessity

D.topic

問題8選項

A.atlength

B.toagreat

C.fromtheir

D.byallmeans

問題9選項

A.follows

B.predicts

C.defies

D.violates

問題10選項

A.deduction

B.contemplation

C.speculation

D.contribution

問題11選項

A.Still

B.Also

C.Certainly

D.Fundamentally

問題12選項

A.faith

B.reliance

C.honor

D.credit

問題13選項

A.if

B.once

C.when

D.whereas

問題14選項

A.propositions

B.predictions

C.approval

D.defiance

問題15選項

A.about

B.on

C.asfor

D.to

問題16選項

A.replaced

B.conducted

C.executed

D.proposed

問題17選項

A.Since

B.Although

C.however

D.Before

問題18選項

A.Evenif

B.Because

C.If

D.For

問題19選項

A.ataloss

B.atlast

C.infact

D.ontheoccasion

問題20選項

A.stimulate

B.constitute

C.furnish

D.provoke

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:B

第6題:A

第7題:A

第8題:A

第9題:C

第10題:C

第11題:C

第12題:A

第13題:C

第14題:B

第15題:D

第16題:A

第17題:B

第18題:C

第19題:A

第20題:A

【解析】（1）動詞辨析題。根據(jù)前一句句意‘大體上來說，英國人比較安靜、羞澀、保守，他們只在非常熟悉的人而前才能完全放松’，B選項relaxed正確。

（2）副詞辨析題。句意：當(dāng)有陌生人或外國人在場的時候，他們通常會顯得拘謹(jǐn)，甚至局促不安。由inhibited到embarrassed是遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，所以C選項的even正確。

（3）名詞辨析題。句意：你只需留意一下早晚通勤車的狀況便可證實(shí)這一點(diǎn)。A選項的experience“經(jīng)歷”；B選項的undergo“經(jīng)歷，遭受，承受”；C選項的travel“旅行，前進(jìn)”；D選項的witness“目擊，證明”,D選項正確。

（4）副詞辨析題。句意：實(shí)際上，有條沒有明文規(guī)定但都心知肚明的行為準(zhǔn)則。A選項的obviously“明顯地”；B選項的contrarily“相反地，反之，反對地”；C選項的frequently“頻繁地，經(jīng)常地”，不合題意,D選項的Practically“實(shí)際地；幾乎；事實(shí)上”正確。

（5）連詞辨析題。句意：如果打破這條行為準(zhǔn)則，這人便立刻成為眾人懷疑的對象。B選項if表示“如果”，符合句意。

（6）名詞辨析題。句意：行為表現(xiàn)不符合常規(guī)，應(yīng)該是引起人們的懷疑。A選項suspicion“懷疑”;B選項opposition“反對”；C選項attack“攻擊，抨擊”；D選項study“研宄”,A選項正確。

（7）名詞辨析題。句意：眾所周知，英國人對談?wù)撎鞖馇橛歇?dú)鐘”A選項haveapassionfor‘‘對…有強(qiáng)烈的愛好”；B選項haveafancyfor“喜歡，想要”；C選項haveanecessityfor“必要性，需要”；D選項haveatopicfor“有一個話題”，所以A選項符合句意。

（8）介詞短語辨析題。句意：只要有機(jī)會，他們就能對此做出長篇大論?！盇選項atlength“最后，終于，詳細(xì)地”；B選項toagreatextent“在很大程度上”；C選項fromtheirheart“從心底”；D選項byallmeans“一定，務(wù)必，盡一切辦法”,A選項符合句意。

（9）動詞辨析題。句意：有人認(rèn)為這是由于英國的天氣變幻莫測，因此勾起了大家的興趣和思索”。A選項follow“跟隨，遵循”;B選項predict“預(yù)報，預(yù)言”;C選項defy“藐視，公然反抗，挑釁，使落空”；D選項violate“違反，侵犯”,C選項符合句意。

（10）名詞辨析題。句意：因此成了每個人趣味和猜測的來源。”A選項contribution“貢獻(xiàn)，捐獻(xiàn)，投稿”;B選項deduction“扣除，推論”；C選項contemplation“沉思，注視，意圖”；D選項speculation“投機(jī)，推測，思索”,C選項符合句意。

（11）副詞辨析題。句意：當(dāng)然，英國人不能太相信氣象學(xué)專家……”。A選項still“仍然，更”；B選項also“同樣，也，而且”；C選項certainly“當(dāng)然，必定”；D選項fundamentally“根本地，從根本上，基礎(chǔ)地”。C選項符合句意。

（12）名詞辨析題。句意：當(dāng)然，英國人不能太相信氣象學(xué)專家……”A選項havefaithin“相信，對…信任”;B選項havereliancein“信賴”；C選項honor“榮譽(yù)，信用”；D選項credit“信用，信譽(yù)”。A選項符合句意。

（13）連詞辨析題。句意：天氣預(yù)報員承諾第二天會是晴朗好天氣的時候，伴隨著大西洋上反氣旋所帶來的降雨就會證明他們的失測”，when引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。

（14）名詞辨析題。句意：如果按照天氣預(yù)報員的預(yù)測，行走在大街上的人們可以說是愚蠢的，也可以說是明智的”。A選項proposition“命題，提議”；B選項prediction“預(yù)報，預(yù)言”；C選項approval“批準(zhǔn)認(rèn)可，贊成”;D選項defiance“蔑視挑戰(zhàn)，反抗”B選項符合句意。

（15）介詞辨析題。句意：對于英國人一天之內(nèi)與彼此交談中不斷提及天氣狀況，海外游客所表示出的驚訝是可以體諒的”。thattheEnglishmake是定語從句，先行詞是references，referencestoweather“提及天氣”。所以D選項介詞to正確。

（16）動詞辨析題。句意：通常，人們見面就談?wù)撎鞖馇闆r而不是傳統(tǒng)的問候。A選項replace“取代，代替”；B選項conduct“管理，引導(dǎo)”；C選項execute“實(shí)行，執(zhí)行，處死”；D選項propose“建議，打算”。由下文的insteadof確定A選項正確。

（17）連詞詞義辨析題。句意：盡管外國人認(rèn)為這樣或許有些夸張滑稽，但值得一提的是了解這個對他是有好處的”，前后句之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以B選項although正確。

（18）連詞詞義辨析題。句意：如果他想和一個英國人聊幾句但又不知道從何說起，他可以提提天氣情況”。C選項中if表示“如果"符合句意。

（19）固定短語辨析題。A選項ataloss“困惑，茫然，不知所措”；B選項atlast“最后，終于”；C選項infact“事實(shí)上，實(shí)際上”；D選項ontheoccasion“在那時，值此之際”。句意:如果他想和一個英國人聊幾句但又不知道從何說起”。A選項符合句意。

（20）動詞辨析題。句意：這是一個穩(wěn)妥的話題，將會鼓勵一位最緘默的英國人作出回答”。A選項stimulate“刺激，鼓舞”;B選項constitute“組成，構(gòu)成”；C選項furnish“提供，供應(yīng)”;D選項provoke“驅(qū)使，激怒，煽動，惹起”。A選項符合句意。

9.單選題

Thesaleusuallytakesplaceoutsidethehouse,withtheaudience（

）onbenches,chairsorboxes.

問題1選項

A.havingseated

B.seated

C.seating

D.havingbeenseated

【答案】B

【解析】考查非謂語動詞的用法。現(xiàn)在分詞通常強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的主動語態(tài)，而過去分詞強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)，強(qiáng)調(diào)被動語態(tài)或已經(jīng)發(fā)生過的，根據(jù)句意‘促銷通常在戶外進(jìn)行，人們坐在長凳、椅子或盒子上’確定B選項的seated表示坐的狀態(tài)，正確。

10.單選題

The（

）onthesurfaceofthefemalekangaroo'sabdomenservesasaplaceofrefugefortheyoung,whocangetatthemilkglandswithoutleavingtheirshelter.

問題1選項

A.patch

B.porch

C.paunch

D.pouch

【答案】D

【解析】名詞詞義辨析題。要注意區(qū)分四個選項名詞的不同意思。根據(jù)句意‘雌性袋鼠腹部表面的育兒袋是用來保護(hù)幼崽，使它們不需要離開這里也能夠獲得母親的乳汁的。’和常識可知空格處表示“育兒袋”。A選項parch意為“眼罩，斑點(diǎn)”；B選項porch意為“門廊，走廊”；C選項paunch意為“腹，大肚子”；D選項pouch意為“小袋，育兒袋”。D選項正確。

11.單選題

Theactual（

）ofWilson'spositionwasalways（

）byhisrefusaltocompromiseafterhavinginitiallyagreedtonegotiateasettlement.

問題1選項

A.outcome;foreshadowed

B.logic;enhanced

C.rigidity;betrayed

D.uncertainty;alleviated

【答案】C

【解析】第一個空是考查名稱的辨析，outcome“結(jié)果，效果”；logic“原理,邏輯性”；rigidity“嚴(yán)格，刻板”；uncertainty“不確定性”；根據(jù)句子后半部分的意思可以推斷出第一個空應(yīng)該填rigidity,表示立場的固執(zhí)僵化；第二個空是考查動詞的辨析，foreshadow“成為前兆，暗示”;enhance“提高，增加（價值，品質(zhì)，吸引力等）”；betray“泄露，出賣，背叛（原則或信仰）”，根據(jù)句意‘由于威爾遜在最初同意談判以達(dá)成協(xié)議之后又拒絕讓步妥協(xié)，因此，其立場實(shí)際的固執(zhí)僵化總是得以暴露無遺’可知第二個空應(yīng)該填betrayed，所以C選項正確。

12.單選題

JustimaginetheshockofthePrimeMinisterwhenthreeofhisseniorcabinetcolleagues（

）andresignedinprotestonFridaynight.

問題1選項

A.revolved

B.resolved

C.revived

D.revolted

【答案】D

【解析】動詞詞義辨析題。根據(jù)句意‘試想一下，當(dāng)他的三個高級內(nèi)閣同僚都在周五晚上向他遞交了辭呈并進(jìn)行抗議，這對這位首相的打擊有多大?！芍@里應(yīng)選與resignedinprotest“辭職抗議”為并列關(guān)系的動詞。A選項revolve“旋轉(zhuǎn)”;B選項resolve“解決”；C選項revive“使復(fù)活，使恢復(fù)”;D選項revolt“反叛，起義”。D選項的revolted與protest相對應(yīng)，D選項正確。

13.單選題

Theearliestcontroversiesabouttherelationshipbetweenphotographyandartcenteredonwhetherphotograph’sfidelitytoappearancesanddependenceonamachineallowedittobeafineartasdistinctfrommerelyapracticalart.Throughoutthenineteenthcentury,thedefenceofphotographywayidenticalwiththestruggletoestablishitasafineart.Againstthechargethatphotographywasasoulless,mechanicalcopyingofrealityphotographersassertedthatitwasinsteadaprivilegedwayofseeing,arevoltagainstcommonplacevision,andnolessworthyanartthanpainting.

Ironically,nowthatphotographyissecurelyestablishedasafineart,manyphotographersfinditpretentiousorirrelevanttolabelitassuch.Seriousphotographersvariouslyclaimtobefinding,recording,impartiallyobserving,witnessingevents,exploringthemselves-anythingbutmakingworksofart.Theyarenolongerwillingtodebatewhetherphotographyisorisnotafineart,excepttoproclaimthattheirownworkisnotinvolvedwithart.ItshowstheextenttowhichtheysimplytakeforgrantedtheconceptofartimposedbythetriumphofModernism:thebettertheart,themoresubversiveitisofthetraditionalaimsofart.

Photographers’disclaimersofanyinterestinmakingarttellusmoreabouttheharriedstatusofthecontemporarynotionofartthanaboutwhetherphotographyisorisnotart.Forexample,thosephotographerswhosupposethat,bytakingpictures,theyaregettingawayfromthepretensionsofartasexemplifiedbypaintingremindusofthoseAbstractExpressionistpainterswhoimaginedtheyweregettingawayfromtheintellectualausterityofclassicalModernistpaintingbyconcentratingonthephysicalactofpainting.Muchofphotography’sprestigetodayderivesfromtheconvergenceofitsaimswiththoseofrecentart,particularlywiththedismissalofabstractartimplicitinthephenomenonofPoppaintingduringthe1960’s.Appreciatingphotographsisarelieftosensibilitiestiredofthementalexertionsdemandedbyabstractart.ClassicalModernistpainting—thatis,abstractartasdevelopedindifferentwaysbyPicasso,Kandinsky,andMatissepresupposeshighlydevelopedskillsoflookingandafamiliaritywithotherpaintingsandthehistoryofart.Photography,likePoppainting,reassuresviewersthatartisnothard;photographyseemstobemoreaboutitssubjectsthanaboutart.Photography,however,hasdevelopedalltheanxietiesandself-consciousnessofaclassicModernistart.Manyprofessionalsprivatelyhavebeguntoworrythatthepromotionofphotographyasanactivitysubversiveofthetraditionalpretensionsofarthasgonesofarthatthepublicwillforgetthatphotographyisadistinctiveandexaltedactivityinshort,anart.

1.Theauthorismainlyconcernedwith（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingadjectivesbestdescribes"theconceptofartimposedbythetriumphofModernism"astheauthorrepresentsitinLine13?

3.WhydoestheauthorintroduceAbstractExpressionistpainter?

4.Howdidthenineteenth-centurydefendersofphotographystressthephotography?

問題1選項

A.definingtheModernistattitudetowardart

B.explaininghowphotographyemergedasafineart

C.explainingtheattitudeofseriouscontemporaryphotographerstowardphotographyasartandplacingthoseattitudesintheirhistoricalcontext

D.definingthevariousapproachesthatseriouscontemporaryphotographerstaketowardtheirartandassessingthevalueofeachofthoseapproaches

問題2選項

A.Objective

B.Mechanical

C.Superficial

D.Paradoxical.

問題3選項

A.Hewantstoprovideanexampleofartistswho,likeseriouscontemporaryphotographers,disavowedtraditionallyacceptedaimsofmodemart.

B.HewantstosetforthananalogybetweentheAbstractExpressionistpaintersandclassicalModernistpainters.

C.HewantstoprovideacontrasttoPopartistandothers.

D.Hewantstoprovideanexplanationofwhyseriousphotography,likeothercontemporaryvisualforms,isnotandshouldnotpretendtobeanart.

問題4選項

A.Theystressedphotographywasameansofmakingpeoplehappy.

B.Itwasartforrecordingtheworld.

C.Itwasadeviceforobservingtheworldimpartially.

D.Itwasanartcomparabletopainting.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。A選項“界定現(xiàn)代主義者對藝術(shù)的態(tài)度”；B選項解釋攝影是如何作為美術(shù)出現(xiàn)的”；C選項“說明當(dāng)代嚴(yán)肅的攝影家對攝影作為藝術(shù)的態(tài)度，并把他們這些態(tài)度放在歷史的進(jìn)程來觀察。”；D選項“界定當(dāng)代嚴(yán)肅攝影家對待他們的藝術(shù)所具有的各種觀點(diǎn)，并判定每種觀點(diǎn)的價值”，根據(jù)文章大意可知最能概括文章中作者的主要思想的是D選項。

2.根據(jù)文章第二段最后一句“ItshowstheextenttowhichtheysimplytakeforgrantedtheconceptofartimposedbythetriumphofModernism;thebettertheart,themoresubversiveitisofthetraditionalaimsofart.”“這說明他們就是把現(xiàn)代主義勝利所強(qiáng)加的藝術(shù)概念視為合理的，其合理程度是：藝術(shù)越強(qiáng)，對藝術(shù)的傳統(tǒng)目的破壞得越大?！贝_定D選項“矛盾的”正確，

3.推理判斷題。A選項“他想列舉哪些像當(dāng)代嚴(yán)肅的攝影家一樣拋棄了傳統(tǒng)上被接受的現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)目的的藝術(shù)家