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住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-燕山大學考試名師押題精選卷I(帶答案詳解)(圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大小)題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Thecomputerrevolutionmaywellchangesocietyas______asdidtheIndustrialRevolution.

問題1選項

A.fundamentally

B.comparatively

C.certainly

D.insignificantly

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項fundamentally“根本地”;B選項comparatively“相對地”;C選項certainly“無疑地”;D選項insignificantly“無關緊要地”。句意:計算機革命很可能像工業(yè)革命一樣______改變社會。根據(jù)語境,這里指的是計算機革命和工業(yè)革命一樣對社會的影響重大,A選項fundamentally“根本地”符合題意。題干中提到計算機革命很可能會改變社會,C選項certainly“無疑地”錯誤。因此A選項正確。

2.翻譯題

Thisissupposedtobeanenlightenedage,butyouwouldn’tthinkifyoucouldhearwhattheaveragemanthinksoftheaveragewoman!Womenwontheirindependenceyearsago.Afteralong,bitterstruggle,theynowenjoythesameeducationalopportunitiesasmeninmostpartsoftheworld.(1)Theyhaveprovedrepeatedlythattheyareequalandoftensuperiortomeninalmosteveryfield.Itismen,notwomenwhostillcarryonthesexwarbecausetheirattituderemainsbasicallyhostile.Eveninthemostprogressivesocieties,womencontinuetoberegardedassecond-ratecitizens.Tohearsomementalk,you’dthinkthatwomenbelongedtoadifferentspecies.(2)Thehard-foughtbattleforrecognitionhasbeenwon,butitisbynomeansover.

Onthesurface,thecommentsmadebymenaboutwomen’sabilitiesseemlight-hearted.Thesametiredjokesaboutwomendriversarerepeateddayin,dayout.Thisapparentlight-heartednessdosenotconcealtherealcontemptthatmenfeelforwomen.Howevermuchmensneeratwomen,theirclaimstosuperiorityarenotborneoutbystatistics.(3)Weallknowthatwomencausefarfeweraccidentsthanmen.Theyaretooconscientiousandresponsibletodrivelikemaniacs(瘋子).Butthisisaminorquibble.Womenhavesucceededinanyjobyoucaretoname.Aspoliticians,soldiers,doctors,factory-hands,universityprofessors,farmers,companydirectors,lawyers,bus-conductors,scientistsandpresidentsofcountriestheyhaveoftenputmentoshame.Andwemustrememberthattheyfrequentlysucceedbrilliantlyinallthesefieldsinadditiontobearingandrearingchildren.

(4)Yetmengoonmaintainingthefictionthattherearemanyjobswomencan’tdo.Top-levelpoliticalnegotiationbetweencountries,businessandbankingarealmostentirelycontrolledbymen,whojealouslyguardtheirso-called“rights”.EveninotherwiseenlightenedplaceslikeSwitzerlandwomenhaven’tevenbeengiventhecote.

Thetruthisthatmenclingtotheirsupremacybecauseoftheirbasicinferioritycomplex.Theyshunrealcompetition.Theyknowintheirheartsthatwomenaresuperiorandtheyareafraidofbeingbeatenattheirowngame.Oneofthemostimportanttasksintheworldistoachievepeacebetweenthenations.(5)Youcanbesurethatifwomenwereallowedtositroundtheconferencetable,theywouldsucceedbrilliantly,astheyalwaysdo,theremenhavefailedforcenturies.

【答案】1.她們一再證明自己幾乎在所有領域都與男性平等,甚至往往優(yōu)于男性。

2.這場為獲得認可而進行的艱苦斗爭已經(jīng)取得勝利,但遠未結束。

3.眾所周知,女性發(fā)生的事故比男性少得多。因為她們開車非常認真負責,不會像瘋子一樣沒有理智。

4.然而,男性仍然堅持認定許多工作女性做不了的假象。

5.可以肯定的是,如果允許女性坐在會議桌旁,在這個男性已經(jīng)失敗了幾個世紀的地方,女性會如往常一樣取得輝煌的成功。

3.單選題

Hewascompletely______byherstoryofhardship.

問題1選項

A.takenaway

B.takendown

C.takenup

D.takenin

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項takenaway“拿走”;B選項takendown“(從高處)取下;拆除;記下”;C選項takenup“開始從事;著手處理;接受(建議或挑戰(zhàn))”;D選項takenin“收留;欺騙”。句意:他完全被她艱難困苦的故事______。根據(jù)語境,這里表達的是他被她欺騙了,D選項takenin“收留;欺騙”符合題意。因此D選項正確。

4.單選題

Thisisthemilitary______.Nobodyisallowedtogetinwithoutpermission.

問題1選項

A.bond

B.zone

C.butter

D.zoo

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項bond“紐帶”;B選項zone“(有某特色或作用的)地區(qū)”;C選項butter“黃油”;D選項zoo“動物園”。句意:這是軍事______。未經(jīng)允許,任何人不得入內(nèi)。根據(jù)語境,這里指的是不得進入一個區(qū)域,B選項zone“有某特色或作用的)地區(qū)”符合題意。因此B選項正確。

5.單選題

Hisproposalis______toallofusandyoudonotneedtotellusmoreaboutit.

問題1選項

A.apparent

B.appearing

C.approaching

D.apart

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項apparent“明白易懂的;未必真實的”;B選項appearing“表現(xiàn)得;似乎”;C選項approaching“(在距離或時間上)靠近”;D選項apart“(指空間或時間)相隔”。句意:他的建議我們大家都______,你不需要進一步說明。根據(jù)語境,這里指大家都明白了他的建議是怎么回事,A選項apparent“明白易懂的”符合題意。因此A選項正確。

6.單選題

Youwillseethisproduct______whereveryougo.

問題1選項

A.advertise

B.advertising

C.tobeadvertised

D.advertised

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意:無論你到哪里,都能看到這個產(chǎn)品的廣告。當不定式用于表示感覺的動詞feel,hear,notice,observe,see,watch,lookat,listento等作賓語補足語時,不定式必須省略to。根據(jù)謂語動詞是see,橫線部分是賓語product的賓補,確定省略to;根據(jù)產(chǎn)品和打廣告是被動關系,確定用被動語態(tài),D選項advertised符合題意。A選項advertise是動詞原形;B選項advertising是現(xiàn)在分詞形式;C選項tobeadvertised未省略to。因此D選項正確。

7.單選題

Your______inteachingisdifferentfrommine.

問題1選項

A.altitude

B.approach

C.fuel

D.lump

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項altitude“海拔高度”;B選項approach“(待人接物或思考問題的)方式,方法,態(tài)度”;C選項fuel“燃料”;D選項lump“(通常為無定形的)塊”。句意:你的______和我的不同。根據(jù)語境,這里指的是兩人在某方面不同,B選項approach“(待人接物或思考問題的)方式,方法,態(tài)度”符合題意。因此B選項正確。

8.單選題

Between1974and1997,thenumberofoverseasvisitorsexpanded______27%.

問題1選項

A.to

B.in

C.by

D.for

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查固定搭配。A選項expandedto“增加到”;B選項expandin“在……中增加”;C選項expandby“增加了”;D選項expandfor非固定搭配。句意:在1974至1997年間,海外游客人數(shù)______27%。根據(jù)語境,這里指的是海外游客人數(shù)在這些年的對比,C選項expandby“增加了”符合題意。因此C選項正確。

9.單選題

______herinexperienceherfailuretosecurethecontractwasnotsurprising.

問題1選項

A.Inviewof

B.Withregardto

C.Byvirtueof

D.Accordingto

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項Inviewof“鑒于,考慮到”;B選項Withregardto“至于”;C選項Byvirtueof“由于,憑借”;D選項Accordingto“按照”。句意:______她缺乏經(jīng)驗,她沒能簽署那份合同就不足為奇了。根據(jù)語境,這里指的是缺乏經(jīng)驗很大程度上讓她沒能簽成合同,A選項Inviewof“鑒于,考慮到”符合題意。因此A選項正確。

10.單選題

Assoonas1completemytraininghere,Iamgoingtobea______expert.

問題1選項

A.rod

B.volume

C.sphere

D.missile

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項rod“長桿;長棒”;B選項volume“體積;合訂本”;C選項sphere“(活動、興趣的)領域;球體”;D選項missile“導彈;(作為武器的)投擲物”。句意:一旦我完成在這里的訓練,我將成為一名______專家。根據(jù)語境,這里指的是成為某一個特定領域的專家,D選項missile“導彈;(作為武器的)投擲物”符合題意,意思是導彈專家。因此D選項正確。

11.單選題

Pleasegivemybest______toyourfamily.

問題1選項

A.notice

B.attention

C.regards

D.cares

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項notice“察覺;通知”;B選項attention“注意力”;C選項regards“用在(bestregards)和(withkindregards)等表達方式中,表示對某人的良好祝愿”;D選項cares“關注”。句意:請代我向你的家人______。根據(jù)語境,這里是禮貌用語,表達對他人的關心,C選項regards符合題意。因此C選項正確。

12.單選題

Globalwarmingiscausingmorethan300,000deathsandabout$125billionineconomiclosseseachyear,accordingtoareportbytheGlobalHumanitarianForum,anorganizationledbyAnnan,theformerUnitedNationssecretarygeneral.

Thereport,tobereleasedFriday,analyzeddataandexistingstudiesofhealth,disaster,populationandeconomictrends.Itfoundthathuman-influencedclimatechangewasraisingtheglobaldeathratesfromillnessesincludingmalnutrition(營養(yǎng)不良)andheat-relatedhealthproblems.

Butevenbeforeitsrelease,thereportdrewcriticismfromsomeexpertsonclimateandrisk,whoquestioneditsmethodsandconclusions.

Alongwiththedeaths,thereportsaidthatthelivesof325millionpeople,primarilyinpoorcountries,werebeingseriouslyaffectedbyclimatechange.Itprojectedthatthenumberwoulddoubleby2030.

RogerPielkeJr.,apoliticalscientistattheUniversityofColorado,Boulder,whostudiesdisastertrends,saidtheForum’sreportwas“amethodologicalembarrassment”becausetherewasnowaytodistinguishdeathsoreconomiclossesrelatedtohuman-drivenglobalwarmingamidthemuchlargerlossesresultingfromthegrowthinpopulationsandeconomicdevelopmentinvulnerable(易受傷害的)regions.Dr.Pielkesaidthat“climatechangeisanimportantproblemrequiringourutmostattention”.Butthereport,hesaid,“willharmthecauseforactiononbothclimatechangeanddisastersbecauseitissodeeplyflawed(有瑕疵的)”.

However,SorenAndreasen,asocialscientistatDalbergGlobalDevelopmentPartnerswhosupervisedthewritingofthereport,defendedit,sayingthatitwasclearthatthenumberswereroughestimates.Hesaidthereportwasaimedatworldleaders,whowillmeetinCopenhageninDecembertonegotiateanewinternationalclimatetreaty.

Inapressreleasedescribingthereport,Mr.Annanstressedtheneedforthenegotiationstofocusonincreasingtheflowofmoneyfromrichtopoorregionstohelpreducetheirvulnerabilitytoclimatehazardswhilestillcurbingtheemissionsoftheheat-trappinggases.Morethan90%ofthehumanandeconomiclossesfromclimatechangeareoccurringinpoorcountries,accordingtothereport.

1.WhatisthefindingoftheGlobalHumanitarianForum?

2.WhatdowelearnabouttheForum’sreportfromthepassage?

3.WhatdoesDr.PielkesayabouttheForum’sreport?

4.WhatisSorenAndreasen’sviewofthereport?

5.WhatdoesKofiAnnansayshouldbethefocusoftheCopenhagenconference?

問題1選項

A.Globaltemperaturesaffecttherateofeconomicdevelopment.

B.Ratesofdeathfromillnesshaverisenduetoglobalwarming.

C.Malnutritionhascausedserioushealthproblemsinpoorcountries.

D.Economictrendshavetodowithpopulationandnaturaldisasters.

問題2選項

A.Itwaschallengedbysomeclimateandriskexperts.

B.Itarousedalotofinterestinthescientificcircles.

C.Itwaswarmlyreceivedbyenvironmentalists.

D.Itcausedabigstirindevelopingcountries.

問題3選項

A.Itsstatisticslookembarrassing.

B.Itisinvalidintermsofmethodology.

C.Itdeservesourclosestattention.

D.Itsconclusionispurposelyexaggerated.

問題4選項

A.Itsconclusionsarebasedoncarefullycollecteddata.

B.Itisvulnerabletocriticismifthestatisticsarecloselyexamined.

C.ItwillgiverisetoheateddiscussionsattheCopenhagenconference.

D.Itsroughestimatesaremeanttodrawtheattentionofworldleaders.

問題5選項

A.Howrichandpoorregionscanshareresponsibilityincurbingglobalwarming.

B.Howhumanandeconomiclossesfromclimatechangecanbereduced.

C.Howemissionsofheat-trappinggasescanbereducedonaglobalscale.

D.Howrichcountriescanbetterhelppoorregionsreduceclimatehazards.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第二句Itfoundthathuman-influencedclimatechangewasraisingtheglobaldeathratesfromillnessesincludingmalnutritionandheat-relatedhealthproblems.(研究發(fā)現(xiàn),受人類影響的氣候變化提高了包括營養(yǎng)不良和與高溫相關的各種疾病的全球死亡率。),可知全球變暖造成疾病死亡率上升,沒有說到貧窮國家的具體情況,B選項“由于全球變暖,疾病的死亡率上升了”正確,C選項“營養(yǎng)不良在貧窮國家造成了嚴重的健康問題”錯誤。A選項“全球氣溫影響經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的速度”:根據(jù)第一段Globalwarmingiscausingmorethan300,000deathsandabout$125billionineconomiclosseseachyear(全球變暖每年造成超過30萬人死亡,約1250億美元的經(jīng)濟損失。),可知全球變暖造成經(jīng)濟損失,而不是影響經(jīng)濟發(fā)展速度,故錯誤。D選項“經(jīng)濟趨勢與人口和自然災害有關”:根據(jù)第二段第一句Thereport,tobereleasedFriday,analyzeddataandexistingstudiesofhealth,disaster,populationandeconomictrends.(這份將于周五發(fā)布的報告分析了有關健康、災害、人口和經(jīng)濟趨勢的數(shù)據(jù)和現(xiàn)有研究。),可知并沒有指出這些研究內(nèi)容的關系,故錯誤。因此B選項正確。

2.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段Butevenbeforeitsrelease,thereportdrewcriticismfromsomeexpertsonclimateandrisk,whoquestioneditsmethodsandconclusions.(但在發(fā)布之前,該報告就遭到了一些氣候和風險專家的批評,他們質(zhì)疑報告的方法和結論。),可知有的氣候和風險專家對此提出質(zhì)疑,A選項“它受到了一些氣候和風險專家的質(zhì)疑”正確。B選項“它引起了科學界的極大興趣”,C選項“它受到了環(huán)保主義者的熱烈歡迎”和D選項“它在發(fā)展中國家引起了很大的轟動”:文中沒有提到這個報告在整個科學界和發(fā)展中國家的影響,也沒有提到環(huán)保主義者對此的看法,故錯誤。因此A選項正確。

3.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段第一句RogerPielkeJr.,…saidtheForum’sreportwas“amethodologicalembarrassment”(RogerPielkeJr.說論壇的報告是“方法論上的難題”),可知Pielke不認同這份報告的方法,沒有對其數(shù)據(jù)進行評價,B選項“從方法論來講是無效的”正確,A選項“統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)看起來很尷尬”錯誤。C選項“值得我們密切關注”:根據(jù)第五段第二句Dr.Pielkesaidthat“climatechangeisanimportantproblemrequiringourutmostattention”.(皮爾克博士說“氣候變化是一個需要我們高度關注的重要問題。”),可知需要關注的是氣候變化而非報告,故錯誤。D選項“結論被故意夸大”:文中沒有提到。因此B選項正確。

4.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第六段However,SorenAndreasen…sayingthatitwasclearthatthenumberswereroughestimates.Hesaidthereportwasaimedatworldleaders,whowillmeetinCopenhageninDecembertonegotiateanewinternationalclimatetreaty.(然而,SorenAndreasen……稱這些數(shù)字顯然是粗略的估計。他說,這份報告的目標是世界各國領導人,他們將于12月在哥本哈根開會,就新的國際氣候條約進行談判。),可知報告的數(shù)據(jù)是粗略的估計,不是仔細收集的,A選項“報告的結論基于仔細收集的數(shù)據(jù)”錯誤;而這粗略的估計主要是給世界各國領導人看的,D選項“報告粗略估計是為了吸引世界領導人的注意”正確;這些世界各國領導人將出席哥本哈根,而不是說報告會在這個會議上引起熱烈討論,C選項“報告將在哥本哈根會議上引起熱烈的討論”錯誤。B選項“如果仔細核查統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù),報告經(jīng)不起推敲”:文中沒有提到。因此D選項正確。

5.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)。根據(jù)第七段第一句Inapressreleasedescribingthereport,Mr.Annanstressedtheneedforthenegotiationstofocusonincreasingtheflowofmoneyfromrichtopoorregionstohelpreducetheirvulnerabilitytoclimatehazardswhilestillcurbingtheemissionsoftheheat-trappinggases.(Annan在描述這份報告的新聞稿中強調(diào),談判有必要把重點放在增加從富裕地區(qū)向貧困地區(qū)的資金流動上,以幫助這些地區(qū)降低對氣候災害的脆弱性,同時仍然控制溫室氣體的排放。),可知Annan認為重點應該是富裕地區(qū)幫助貧困地區(qū)面對氣候災害,而不是如何解決全球性的問題,D選項“富裕國家如何更好地幫助貧困地區(qū)減少氣候災害”正確;A選項“富國和窮國如何分擔遏制全球變暖的責任”,B選項“如何減少氣候變化造成的人類和經(jīng)濟損失”和C選項“如何在全球范圍內(nèi)減少溫室氣體的排放”錯誤。因此D選項正確。

13.單選題

Don’tloseheart!Youshould______yourcourageandovercomethedifficult.

問題1選項

A.pullup

B.pluckup

C.holdup

D.setup

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查短語辨析。A選項pullup“停車;停下;(將椅子)挪近然后坐下”;B選項pluckup“振作;鼓起勇氣;發(fā)動”,pluckupthecourage(todosth.);C選項holdup“舉起;耽擱;(在逆境中)保持良好狀況”;D選項setup“設置;成立;創(chuàng)建”。句意:別灰心!你應該______勇氣克服困難。根據(jù)語境,這里指要勇敢面對困難,B選項pluckup“振作;鼓起勇氣;發(fā)動”符合題意。因此B選項正確。

14.單選題

Itwasawonderfulplaywitha______ofoverfiftyactorsandactresses.

問題1選項

A.list

B.group

C.bunch

D.herd

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查固定搭配。A選項alistof“一系列”;B選項agroupof“一群(人)”;C選項abunchof“一束;一堆”;D選項aherdof“一群(牛、鹿等)”。句意:這是一出精彩的話劇,由______超過五十名男女演員參演。根據(jù)語境,這里指的是一群人參演了話劇,B選項agroupof“一群(人)”符合題意。因此B選項正確。

15.單選題

Hefelt______ofwhathehaddoneinschool.

問題1選項

A.shy

B.ash

C.advisable

D.ashamed

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項shy“害羞的;易受驚的;對(做)……心懷顧忌”;B選項ash“灰燼”;C選項advisable“明智的,可取的”;D選項ashamed“感到羞恥的;慚愧的”。句意:他為自己在學校里的所作所為感到______。根據(jù)語境,這里指的是對他做過的事的態(tài)度,D選項ashamed“感到羞恥的;慚愧的”符合題意。因此D選項正確。

16.單選題

TheGermanGovernment’slong-plannedreturntoitshistoriccapitalisinfull______thissummer,almost10yearsafterthefalloftheBerlinWall.

問題1選項

A.gear

B.speed

C.rate

D.move

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項gear“齒輪;(特定用途的)器械”;B選項speed“(發(fā)生或進行的)速度,進度”,fullspeed“全速(或全力)向前”;C選項rate“速度;比率”;D選項move“行動”。句意:在柏林墻倒塌近10年后的今年夏天,德國政府計劃已久的重返歷史上的首都的計劃______。根據(jù)語境,這里指的是全力推動計劃,結合詞組fullspeed“全速(或全力)向前”,B選項speed“(發(fā)生或進行的)速度,進度”符合題意。因此B選項正確。

17.單選題

Hesaidheismy______friendbutIdon’tthinkso.

問題1選項

A.intensive

B.onion

C.intimate

D.occasion

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項intensive“密集的”;B選項onion“洋蔥,蔥頭”;C選項intimate“親密的,密切的”;D選項occasion“某次,……的時候”。句意:他說他是我______的朋友,但我不這么認為。根據(jù)語境,這里形容的是我們之間的關系是怎樣的,C選項intimate“親密的,密切的”符合題意。因此C選項正確。

18.單選題

Sleepisafunnything.We’retaughtthatweshouldgetsevenoreighthoursanight,butalotofusgetbyjustfineonless,andsomeofusactuallysleeptoomuch.AstudyoutoftheUniversityofBuffalolastmonthreportedthatpeoplewhoroutinelysleepmorethaneighthoursadayandarestilltiredarenearlythreetimesaslikelytodieofstroke—probablyasaresultofanunderlyingdisorderthatkeepsthemfromsnoozing(睡)soundly.

Doctorshavetheirownspecialsleepproblems.Residents(住院醫(yī)生)arefamouslysleepdeprived.WhenIwastrainingtobecomeadoctor,itwasnotunusualtowork40hoursinarowwithoutrest.Mostofustookitinstride,confidentwecouldstilldeliverthehighestqualityofmedicalcare.Maybeweshouldn’thavebeensosureofourselves.AnarticleintheJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociationpointsoutthatinthemorningafter24hoursofsleeplessness,aperson’smotorperformanceiscomparabletothatofsomeonewhoislegallyintoxicated.Curiously,surgeonswhobelievethatoperatingundertheinfluenceisgroundsfordismissaloftendon’tthinktwiceaboutoperatingwithoutenoughsleep.

“Icouldtellyouhorrorstories,”saysJayaAgrawal,presidentoftheAmericanMedicalStudentAssociation,whichrunsawebsitewhereresidentscanpostanonymousanecdotes.Someareterrifying.“Iwasoperatingafterbeingupforover36hours,”onewrites.“Iliterallyfellasleepstandingupandnearlyfaceplantedintothewound.

“PracticallyeverysurgicalresidentIknowhasfallenasleepatthewheeldrivinghomefromwork,”writesanother.“Iknowofthreewhohavehitparkedcars.Anotherhitaconveniencestoreontheroadside.”“Yourownpatientshavebecometheenemy,”writesathird,becausetheyare“theonethingthatstandsbetweenyouandafewhoursofsleep”.

Agrawal’sorganizationissupportingthePatientandPhysicianSafetyandProtectionActof2001,introducedlastNovemberbyRepresentativeJohnConyersJr.ofMichigan.Itskeyprovisions,modeledonNewYorkState’sregulations,includean80-hourworkweekanda24-hourwork-shiftlimit.Mostdoctors,however,resistsuchinterference.Dr.CharlesBinkley,aseniorsurgeryresidentattheUniversityofMichigan,agreesthatsomethingneedstobedonebutbelieves“doctorsshouldbeboundbytheirconscience,notbythegovernment”.

TheU.S.controlsthehoursofpilotsandtruckdrivers.Butuntilsuchasystemisinplacefordoctors,patientsareontheirown.Ifyou’reworriedaboutthepeopletreatingyouoralovedoneyoushouldfeelfreetoaskhowmanyhoursofsleeptheyhavehadandifmore-restedstaffersareavailable.Doctors,fortheirpart,havetogiveuptheirposeofinfallibility(不出錯)andgettheresttheyneed.

1.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph1?

2.Whatdoestheauthorimplyspeakingofthesleepproblemsthatdoctorsface?

3.WhatistheauthorspurposeofwritingParagraphs3and4?

4.WhatdoesDr.CharlesBinkleymeanby“doctorsshouldbeboundbytheirconscience,notbythegovernment”inParagraph5?

5.Towhichofthefollowingistheauthorlikelytoagree?

問題1選項

A.Strokeisoftenassociatedwithsleep.

B.Toomuchsleepcanbeasharmfulaslackofsleep.

C.Peoplewhosleeplessthan8hoursadayaremorepronetoillness.

D.Poorsleepqualitymaybeasignofphysicaldisorder.

問題2選項

A.Doctorstendtoneglecttheirownsleepproblems.

B.Doctorsoftenneedlittlesleeptokeepthemenergetic.

C.Doctors’sleepisdeprivedbyresidents.

D.Sleepdepriveddoctorsareintoxicated.

問題3選項

A.Toshowthehostilitydoctorshaveagainsttheirpatients.

B.Toexemplifythedangerdoctorsfacecausedbylackofsleep.

C.Toentertaintheaudiencewithsomeanecdotes.

D.Todiscussthecauseofdoctors’sleepproblems.

問題4選項

A.Theregulationsaboutworkweekandworkshiftaretoospecific.

B.Lawcannotforceadoctortosleepwhilehisconsciencecan.

C.Doctorsshouldnotabidebygovernment’sregulations.

D.Thegovernmentisinterferingtoomuch.

問題5選項

A.Patientsarefacingmorerisksiftheirdoctorsarenotadequately-rested.

B.Peopleconcernedhavetherighttoremovetheirdoctorsfromtheirpositions.

C.Pilotsandtruckdriversworkinsaferenvironmentsthanthatofdoctors.

D.Patientscanchoosethesleepinghoursoftheirdoctors.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句peoplewhoroutinelysleepmorethaneighthoursadayandarestilltiredarenearlythreetimesaslikelytodieofstroke—probablyasaresultofanunderlyingdisorderthatkeepsthemfromsnoozingsoundly.(那些每天睡眠時間超過8小時但仍然感到疲勞的人死于中風的可能性是正常人的近三倍,這可能是由于一種潛在的疾病使他們無法睡得安穩(wěn)所致。),可知睡得足夠久卻疲憊的人可能是因為患有疾病,D選項“睡眠質(zhì)量差可能是身體紊亂的跡象”正確;這里沒有說到中風和睡眠的關系,A選項“中風常與睡眠有關”錯誤;這里沒有說到睡眠過多的危害,B選項“睡眠過多和睡眠不足一樣有害”錯誤;文中沒有說到睡眠少就容易生病,C選項“每天睡眠少于8小時的人更容易生病”錯誤。因此D選項正確。

2.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。作者提出住院醫(yī)生睡眠不足的問題,然后對醫(yī)生在睡眠不足的情況下提供的服務質(zhì)量提出質(zhì)疑,最后一句說Curiously,surgeonswhobelievethatoperatingundertheinfluenceisgroundsfordismissaloftendon’tthinktwiceaboutoperatingwithoutenoughsleep.(奇怪的是,那些認為在酒精影響下進行手術就可以被解雇的外科醫(yī)生對于在睡眠不足的情況下進行手術往往毫不猶豫。),可知作者認為睡眠不足和醉酒沒什么兩樣,D選項“睡眠不足的醫(yī)生像喝醉了一樣”正確;沒有提到醫(yī)生對自己睡眠不足這個情況的態(tài)度,A選項“醫(yī)生往往忽視他們自己的睡眠問題”錯誤;醫(yī)生不能醉酒做手術,而睡眠不足如同醉酒,所以醫(yī)生也需要充足的睡眠,B選項“醫(yī)生通常需要很少的睡眠來保持精力充沛”錯誤。這一段主要在表達醫(yī)生睡眠不足會影響服務質(zhì)量,并且明確表示住院醫(yī)生睡眠被剝奪,不符合題干中“第一段暗含什么”的條件,也不是表達的主要內(nèi)容,C選項“住院醫(yī)生的睡眠被剝奪”錯誤。因此A選項正確。

3.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。作者列出了睡眠不足對醫(yī)生的影響,比如第三段的最后一句Iliterallyfellasleepstandingupandnearlyfaceplantedintothewound.(我真的是站著睡著了,臉差點被埋在傷口里。)和第四段PracticallyeverysurgicalresidentIknowhasfallenasleepatthewheeldrivinghomefromwork…Iknowofthreewhohavehitparkedcars.Anotherhitaconveniencestoreontheroadside.(幾乎我認識的每個外科住院醫(yī)生都在下班回家的路上睡著了……我知道有三個人撞到了停著的車。另一輛撞到了路邊的一家便利店。),最后總結說“Yourownpatientshavebecometheenemy,”writesathird,becausetheyare“theonethingthatstandsbetweenyouandafewhoursofsleep”.(“你自己的病人變成了你的敵人?!钡谌齻€人寫道,因為他們是“阻礙你睡好幾個小時的唯一因素”。),表達醫(yī)生因為職業(yè)的關系缺乏睡眠,在這里作者用大量篇幅舉例來闡述醫(yī)生缺乏睡眠的危險,B選項“舉例說明缺乏睡眠給醫(yī)生帶來的危險”正確;這里只是表達因為要治病,醫(yī)生缺乏睡眠,A選項“顯示醫(yī)生對病人的敵意”錯誤;娛樂讀者不是主要目的,而是舉例表達觀點,C選項“用一些軼事來娛樂讀者”錯誤;D選項“討論醫(yī)生出現(xiàn)睡眠問題的原因”不是表達的重點,故錯誤。因此B選項正確。

4.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段第二、三句Itskeyprovisions,modeledonNewYorkState’sregulations,includean80-hourworkweekanda24-hourwork-shiftlimit.Mostdoctors,however,resistsuchinterference.(它的關鍵條款模仿了紐約州的規(guī)定,包括每周80小時的工作時間和24小時的輪班限制。然而,大多數(shù)醫(yī)生抵制這種干預。),可知醫(yī)生不贊同法案中對醫(yī)生工作時間如此具體和死板的規(guī)定,認為睡眠的時間段不是能夠用法律規(guī)定的,不想連睡眠都要受法律束縛,D選項“政府干擾過多”正確。A選項“關于工作周和輪班的規(guī)定太具體了”和B選項“法律不能讓醫(yī)生睡覺,但是他的意識可以”:不是表達的主要意思。C選項“醫(yī)生不應該遵守政府的規(guī)定”:文中沒有這樣的意思。因此D選項正確。

5.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段TheU.S.controlsthehoursofpilotsandtruckdrivers.Butuntilsuchasystemisinplacefordoctors,patientsareontheirown…Doctors,fortheirpart,havetogiveuptheirposeofinfallibilityandgettheresttheyneed.(在美國,飛行員和卡車司機的工作時間都有嚴格的控制。但除非也給醫(yī)生制定這樣一套規(guī)定,否則病人只能聽天由命……就醫(yī)生而言,他們必須放棄一貫不出錯的姿態(tài),而得到他們需要的休息。),可知醫(yī)生需要充足的休息來保證工作任務的質(zhì)量,A選項“如果醫(yī)生沒有得到充分的休息,病人將面臨更多危險”正確;這里說的是飛行員和卡車司機的工作時間問題,而不是工作的安全性,C選項“飛行員和卡車司機的工作環(huán)境比醫(yī)生更安全”錯誤。B選項“有關人員有權解除其醫(yī)生的職務”和D選項“病人可以選擇醫(yī)生的睡眠時間”文中沒有提到。因此A選項正確。

19.單選題

Everybody______inthehallwheretheywerewelcomedbythesecretary.

問題1選項

A.assembled

B.accumulated

C.piled

D.joined

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項assemble“集合”;B選項accumulated“積累”;C選項piled“擁擠”;D選項joined“加入”。句意:大家都______在大廳,接受秘書的歡迎。根據(jù)語境,這里指大家有序地聚集在大廳,A選項assemble“集合”符合題意。因此A選項正確。

20.單選題

______theEnglishexaminationIwouldhavegonetotheconcertlastSunday.

問題1選項

A.Inspiteof

B.Becauseof

C.Butfor

D.Asfor

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查短語辨析。A選項Inspiteof“盡管”;B選項Becauseof“因為”;C選項Butfor“要不是,如果沒有”;D選項Asfor“至于”。句意:______英語考試,上星期天我就去聽音樂會了。根據(jù)語境,這里指的是因為有英語考試這個緣故,我沒有去聽音樂會,C選項Butfor“要不是,如果沒有”符合題意。因此C選項正確。

21.單選題

Rockmusicusually______theyoungpeopleinmostcountries.

問題1選項

A.appliesto

B.appealsto

C.amazes

D.actress

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項appliesto“適用于;向……提出申請”;B選項appealsto“呼吁;要求;對……有吸引力”;C選項amazes“使吃驚”;D選項actress“女演員”。句意:搖滾樂通常______大多數(shù)國家的年輕人。根據(jù)語境,這里B選項appealsto“對……有吸引力”搭配youngpeople比較合理,意思指年輕人喜歡搖滾樂。因此B選項正確。

22.單選題

He______tohisroommateforbeingsorudeyesterday.

問題1選項

A.apologized

B.dissolved

C.worried

D.doubted

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項apologized“道歉”;B選項dissolved“溶解;解散((組織或機構)”;C選項worried“擔心”;D選項doubted“懷疑”。句意:他昨天太粗魯了,所以向室友______。根據(jù)語境,因為粗魯而道歉比較合理,A選項apologized“道歉”符合題意。因此A選項正確。

23.單選題

IthinkIwasatschool,______wasstayingwithafriendduringthevacationwhenIheardthenews.

問題1選項

A.orelse

B.andthen

C.orso

D.evenso

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項orelse“要不然”;B選項andthen“然后;其次”;C選項orso“大約”;D選項evenso“即使如此”。句意:當我聽到這個消息時,我想我是在學校,______是在和一個朋友度假。根據(jù)語境,這里指的是要么在學校,要么在度假,A選項orelse“要不然”符合題意。因此A選項正確。

24.單選題

WheneverIhearaweatherreportdeclaringit’sthehottestJune10onrecordorwhatever,Ican’ttakeittooseriously,because“ever”reallymeans“aslongastherecordsgohack”,whichisonlyasfarasthelate1800s.Scientistshaveotherwaysofmeasuringtemperaturesbeforethat,though—notforindividualdates,buttheycantelltheaveragetemperatureofagivenyearbysuchproxymeasurementsasgrowthmarksincorals,depositsinoceanandlakesediments,andcoresdrilledintoglacialice.Theycanevenusedrawingsofglaciersastherewerehundredsofyearsagocomparedwithtoday.

Andinthemostcomprehensivecompilationofsuchdatatodate,saysanewreportfromtheNationalResearchCouncil,itlooksprettycertainthatthelastfewdecadeshavebeenhotterthananycomparableperiodinthelast400years.That’sablowtothosewhoclaimthecurrentwarmspellisjustpartofthenaturalupanddownofaveragetemperatures—afrequentassertionoftheglobal-warming-doubterscrowd.

Thereportwastriggeredbydoubtsaboutpast-climateclaimsmadelastyearbyclimatologistMichaelMann,oftheUniversityofVirginia(he’sthecreatorofthe“hockeystick”graphA1Goreusedin“AnInconvenientTruth”todramatizetheriseincarbondioxideinrecentyears).Mannclaimedthattherecentwarmingwasunprecedentedinthepastthousandyears—thatledCongresstoorderupanassessmentbytheprestigiousResearchCouncil.Theirconclusionwasthatathousandyearswasreasonable,butnotoverwhelminglysupportedbythedata.Butthepast400was—soresoundinglythatitfullysupportstheclaimthattoday’stemperaturesareunnaturallywarm,justasglobalwarmingtheoryhasbeenpredictingforahundredyears.Andifthere’sanydoubtaboutwhethertheseproxymeasurementsarereallylegitimate,theNRCscientistscomparedthemwithactualtemperaturedatafromthemostrecentcentury,whenrealthermometerswereinwidespreaduse.Thematchwasmoreorlessrighton.

InthepastnearlytwodecadessinceTIMEfirstputglobalwarmingonthecover,then,theargumentagainstithasgonefrom“itisn’thappening”to“it’shappening,butit’snatural”,to“it’smostlynatural”—andnow,itseems,thatassertiontooisgoingtohavetodropaway.Indeed,Rep.SherwoodBoehlert,theNewYorkRepublicanwhochairstheHouseScienceCommitteeandwhoaskedforthereportdeclaredthatitdidnothingtosupportthenotionofacontroversyoverglobalwarmingscience—acontroversythatopponentskeepinsistingisalive.

1.Whatdoesthispassagemainlydealwith?

2.Whatis“proxymeasurement”inParagraph1likelytoreferto?

3.WhatdoesthereportfromNRCindicate?

4.WhichofthestatementisNOTtrueconcerningthecontroversyaboutglobalwarming?

5.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsglobalwarmingtheory?

問題1選項

A.Thethreatofglobalwarming.

B.Themeasurementofsolvingglobalwarming.

C.Thetendencyofearth’sbecominghotter.

D.Theassessmentofearth’stemperature.

問題2選項

A.Takingadvantageofpreviouspictures.

B.Usingcluesleftfromthepast.

C.Studyingthecharacteristicsofglaciers.

D.Measuringthegrowthsignsofaquaticorganism.

問題3選項

A.Theearthreachesthehighesttemperatureinthehistory.

B.Theproxymeasurementsarereliable.

C.Theearthwillbecomewarmer.

D.ItissomewhatsuspiciousofMichaelMann’sassertion.

問題4選項

A.Thosesuspiciousofglobalwarmingtakeaninconsistentstanceontheissue.

B.Theargumentendsinthedefeatofglobal-warming-doubters.

C.ThenewreportfromNRCismotivatedbythecontroversyoverMichaelMann’sclaim.

D.Thosewhodoubtglobalwarmingconsiderthatwarmingisanaturalphenomenon.

問題5選項

A.Favorable.

B.Neutral.

C.Negative.

D.Indifferent.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】主旨大意題。文章第一段提出天氣預報中說氣溫打破最高記錄,第二段提出地球變暖的觀點,第三段講述NRC得出氣溫達到近400年來最高,第四段講大眾和科學家對此的爭論,全文都在談論地球氣溫越來越高,C選項“全球變暖的趨勢”正確。A選項“全球變暖的威脅”:文中沒有提到。B選項“解決全球變暖的方法”和D選項“地球溫度

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