2022年考研考博-考博英語-中國人民大學考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號92

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-中國人民大學考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實際調整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.寫作題

Writeanessayofabout200wordsonthetopic:“ChinaIsnotReadyforE-education”(E-education:atypeofeducationconductedintheenvironmentoftheInternetwiththeguidanceofmoderneducationaltheories).WriteyouressayonyourAnswerSheetII.

【答案】ChinaIsnotReadyforE-education2.單選題

Melissaisacomputer（）thatdestroyedfilesincomputersandfrustratedthousandsofusersaroundtheworld.

問題1選項

A.genius

B.virus

C.disease

D.bacteria

【答案】B

【解析】名詞詞義辨析和上下文語義。根據(jù)下句“destroyedfilesincomputers”可推測Melissa是一種計算機病毒，選項B符合語境。

3.單選題

Menoftenwaitlongertogethelpformedicalproblemsthanwomen,and（

）,womenliveaboutsixyearslongerthanmenonanaverage.

問題1選項

A.insteadof

B.constantly

C.consequently

D.because

【答案】C

【解析】根據(jù)句意可知，前后構成因果關系，前面是因，后面是由此產(chǎn)生的結果，所以選項C符合語境。

4.單選題

Internationalsportshouldcreategoodwillbetweenthenations,butinthepresentorganizationoftheOlympicssomehowencourages（

）

patriotism.

問題1選項

A.obsolete

B.aggressive

C.harmonious

D.amiable

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)關鍵詞“but”可知前后表達的意思應該相反，由此可推斷填空處應該與“goodwill”意思相反，選項B更符合原文語境。

5.單選題

He（）himselfbitterlyforhismiserablebehaviorthatevening.

問題1選項

A.repealed

B.resented

C.replayed

D.reproached

【答案】D

【解析】reproachsb.forsth.為某事斥責某人。句意：他為那天晚上的卑鄙行為狠狠地責備了自己。選項D符合句意。

6.單選題

Thenovelcontainssomemarvelouslyrevealing（）ofrurallifeinthe19thcentury.

問題1選項

A.glances

B.glimpses

C.glares

D.gleams

【答案】B

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。glance掃視，強調動作的快速性；glimpse一瞥，粗略地一看，強調快速但不完整的“一瞥”；glare怒視，強調目不轉睛地“注視”；gleam閃光，瞬息的一現(xiàn)，還可指情感流露。根據(jù)句意可知，選項B更符合語境。

7.單選題

Ourjourneywasslowbecausethetrainstopped（）atdifferentvillages.

問題1選項

A.gradually

B.continuously

C.constantly

D.continually

【答案】D

【解析】副詞詞義辨析。gradually逐漸地；continuously連續(xù)不斷地；constantly不斷地，時常地；continually不斷地，頻繁地。句意：我們的旅行很慢，因為火車頻繁地在不同的村莊停靠。選項D更符合語境。

8.單選題

（）theheavypollution,thecityofficialshavedecidedtocancelschoolfortheday.

問題1選項

A.Prior

B.Bymeansof

C.Dueto

D.Through

【答案】C

【解析】prior在前的，優(yōu)先的；bymeansof依靠；dueto由于；through從頭到尾，徹底。句意：由于污染嚴重，市政官員已決定停課一天。選項C符合句意。

9.單選題

Childrenareoften（）sportsatanearlyage.Astheygetolderandstartschooltheyparticipateinsportsasawaybothtomakenewfriendsandbeactive.

問題1選項

A.exposedto

B.spoiledby

C.indulgedin

D.worriedabout

【答案】A

【解析】動詞詞組辨析。exposedto接觸，暴露于;spoiledby被寵壞;indulgedin沉溺于;worriedabout為...…擔心。句意：孩子們經(jīng)常在很小的時候就接觸到運動。隨著他們長大開始上學，參加體育運動以此來結交新朋友變得活躍。只有A選項符合語境。

10.單選題

Acompletelynewsituationisboundto（）whentheexaminationsystemisintroduced.

問題1選項

A.rise

B.arise

C.raise

D.arouse

【答案】B

【解析】近義詞辨析。句意：當考試制度被引入時，必然會出現(xiàn)一個全新的局面。arise沒有“上升”之意，多指“產(chǎn)生、發(fā)生和出現(xiàn)”，常用于抽象事物。所以選項B正確。

11.單選題

Managementoperatesthroughvarious（）,oftenclassifiedasplanning,organleading/motivatingandcontrolling.

問題1選項

A.foundations

B.functions

C.roles

D.relations

【答案】B

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。句意:管理部門通過各種職能運作，通常分為規(guī)劃、機構領導/激勵和控制。只有選項B有職能的意思，所以本題選B。

12.翻譯題

中國已經(jīng)發(fā)展成為一個全球極富吸引力的、現(xiàn)實的大市場。世界各國和地區(qū)不少有遠見卓識的企業(yè)家，都將目光投向了中國，并從投資活動中獲得了豐厚的回報。我相信，中國加入世貿組織后，外商參與中國投資活動的機會將越來越多，自身發(fā)展的空間也越來越大。在中國的投資活動一定能成為溝通世界各國和地區(qū)的企業(yè)家與中國市場的一座橋梁，促進中國和世界經(jīng)濟共同發(fā)展、共同繁榮。

【答案】Practicallyasthemostattractivemarketintheworld,Chinahasdrawntheattentionofworldwideentrepreneurswhoseacuteinsightledtowealthybenefitsfromtheirinvestment.IbelievethattherewillbemoreopportunitiesforforeignpeopletotakepartintheinvestmentinChinainthewakeofitsWTOentryandexpandtheirspaceforfurtherdevelopment.TheseactivitieswillcertainlyserveasthebridgelinkingtogethertheentrepreneursaroundtheworldandtheirtargetChinesemarketinthehopeofpromotingmutualdevelopmentandprosperityforChineseandtheworldeconomy.

13.單選題

Theanalysissuggeststhatthetradeoffbetweenourchildren’scollegeandourownretirementsecurityischilling.

問題1選項

A.frightening

B.promising

C.freezing

D.revealing

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。chilling指令人寒心的，使人恐懼的。選項A與之意思相近，正確。

14.單選題

EveryoneinAmericathesedaysseemstobe（）withhisorherphysicalfitness,andeveryoneistalkingaboutgettinginshape.

問題1選項

A.concerned

B.allured

C.connected

D.attracted

【答案】A

【解析】固定搭配。beconcernedwith指涉及，關心。根據(jù)句意可知這里指如今的美國人關心自己的健康，選項A符合句意。

15.單選題

Tomdoesn’tthinkthatthe（）situationhereisasgoodashishometown’s.

問題1選項

A.economics

B.economic

C.economy

D.economical

【答案】B

【解析】economics經(jīng)濟學；economic經(jīng)濟上的，經(jīng)濟學的；economy經(jīng)濟，節(jié)約；economical經(jīng)濟的，節(jié)約的。

根據(jù)句意可知，填空處應填入形容詞，首先排除選項A和C；選項B符合句意。

16.單選題

Hetoldastoryabouthissisterwhowasinasad（）whenshewasillandhadnomoney.

問題1選項

A.plight

B.polarization

C.plague

D.pigment

【答案】A

【解析】plight困境；polarization兩極分化；plague瘟疫，災禍；pigment顏料，色素。inasadplight指處于困境。選項A符合句意。

17.單選題

Televisionhasbecomequiteavigorousactivity.Sittingupisexhaustingsomostpeople（）downwhilewatchingtelevision.

問題1選項

A.lay

B.lie

C.lying

D.lied

【答案】B

【解析】形近詞辨析。根據(jù)句意可知這里應填入動詞且意為“躺”,首先排除選項A和C；句子時態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時,所以選項B正確。

18.單選題

Financialstatementisafinancialreportorrecord（）usuallyonaquarterlyandannuallybasiswhichprovidesanindividual’s,anorganization’s,orbussiness’sfinancialstates.

問題1選項

A.completed

B.compiled

C.collated

D.contested

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。complete完成compiled編譯的collate核對，校對contest競賽，爭奪。句意：財務報表是一種編譯好的財務報告或記錄。通常以季度或年度為單位，給個人，企業(yè)單位或商戶提供財務報告?？崭裉幩顔卧~為形容詞做后置定語修飾reportorrecord。答案B。

19.單選題

AccordingtoarecentpublicationoftheEqualEmploymentOpportunityCommission,atthepresentrateofprogress,itwilltakeforty-threeyearstoendjobdiscrimination—hardlyareasonabletimetable.

Ifourgoaliseducationalandeconomicequityandparity,itisthenweneedaffirmativeactiontocatchup.Wearebehindasaresultofdiscriminationanddenialofopportunity.Thereisonewhiteattorneyforevery680whites,butonlyoneblackattorneyforevery4,000blacks;onewhitephysicianforevery659whites,butonlyoneblackphysicianforevery5,000blacks;andonewhitedentistforevery1,900whites,butonlyoneblackdentistforevery8,400blacks.Lessthan1percentofallengineersorofallpracticingchemistsisblack.Cruelanduncompassionateinjusticecreatedgapslikethese.Weneedcreativejusticeandcompassiontohelpusclosethem.

Actually,intheU.S.context,“reversediscrimination”isillogicalandacontradictioninterms.Neverinthehistoryofmankindhasamajority,withpower,engagedinprogramsandwrittenlawsthatdiscriminateagainstitself.Theonlythingwhitesaregivingupbecauseofaffirmativeactionisunfairadvantagesomethingthatwasunnecessaryinthefirstplace.

Blacksarenotmakingprogressattheexpenseofwhites,asnewsaccountsmakeitseem.Thereare49percentmorewhitesinmedicalschooltodayand64percentmorewhitesinlawschoolthantherewerewhenaffirmativeactionprogramsbegansomeeightyearsago.

Inarecentcolumn,WilliamRaspberryraisedaninterestingquestion.CommentingontheBakkecase,heasked,“Whatif,insteadofsettingaside16of100slots,weadded16slotstothe100?”That,hesuggested,wouldnotinterferewithwhatwhitesalreadyhave.Hethenwentontopointoutthatthis,infact,isexactlywhathashappenedinlawandmedicalschools.In1968,theyearbeforeaffirmativeactionprogramsbegantogetunderway,9,571whitesand282membersofminoritygroupsenteredU.S.medicalschools.In1976,thefigureswere14,213and1,400respectively.Thus,underaffirmativeaction,thenumberof“whiteplaces”actuallyroseby49percent;whiteaccesstomedicaltrainingwasnotdiminished,butsubstantiallyincreased.Thetrendwasevenmoremarkedinlawschools.In1969,thefirstyearforwhichreliablefiguresareavailable,2,933minority-groupmemberswereenrolled;in1976,thenumberwasupto8,484.Butduringthesameperiod,lawschoolenrollmentforwhitesrosefrom65,453to107,064anincreaseof64percent.Inshort,itisamyththatblacksaremakingprogressatwhiteexpense.

AllanBakkedidnotreallychallengepreferentialtreatmentingeneral,forhemadenochallengetothepreferentialtreatmentaccordedtothechildrenoftherich,thealumniandthefacultyortoathletesortheverytalentedonlytominorities.

1.Theauthorisforaffirmativeaction（）.

2.Itrequires（）toclosethegapsbetweenthewhitesandtheblacksintheU.S.

3.Blacksarenotmakingprogressattheexpenseofwhites,accordingtotheauthor,because（）.

4.WilliamRaspberry,whilecommentingontheBakkecase,suggests（）.

5.WhatAllanBakkechallengedwas（）.

問題1選項

A.becausethereisdiscriminationanddenialofopportunityintheU.S.

B.ifweaimateducationalandeconomicequityandparity

C.becauseitwilltake43yearstoendjobdiscrimination

D.whenthereisnoreasonabletimetableintheU.S.

問題2選項

A.oneblackattorneyforever4,000blacks

B.alotmoreblackengineersandchemists

C.educationandeconomicdevelopment

D.creativejusticeandcompassion

問題3選項

A.whatwhitegiveupisonlyunfairadvantage

B.thereare49percentmorewhiteinmedicalschooltodayalready

C.whites,themajorityintheU.S.,willneverdiscriminateagainstthemselves

D.thereare64percentmorewhitesinlawschoolstoday

問題4選項

A.tooffer100slotstowhitesand16toblacks

B.tooffer84slotstowhitesand16toblacks

C.tofollowwhathashappenedinlawandmedicalschools

D.tointerferewithwhatwhitesalreadyhave

問題5選項

A.themyththatblacksaremakingprogressatwhiteexpense

B.unfairtreatmentaccordedtoblacks

C.preferentialtreatmentingeneral

D.preferentialtreatmenttominority-groupmembers

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.根據(jù)第二段第一句“Ifourgoaliseducationalandeconomicequityandparity,itisthenweneedaffirmativeactiontocatchup.”如果我們的目標是教育和經(jīng)濟公平與平等，那么我們就需要積極地開展平權行動。選項B符合原文。

2.根據(jù)第二段最后兩句“Cruelanduncompassionateinjusticecreatedgapslikethese.Weneedcreativejusticeandcompassiontohelpusclosethem.”殘酷無情的不公正造成了這樣的差距。我們需要創(chuàng)造性的公正和同情來消除差距。選項D符合原文。

3.根據(jù)第三段最后一句“Theonlythingwhitesaregivingupbecauseofaffirmativeactionisunfairadvantagesomethingthatwasunnecessaryinthefirstplace.”白人因為平權法案而放棄的唯一一件事是不公平的優(yōu)勢，這在一開始是不必要的。選項A符合原文。

4.根據(jù)關鍵詞“WilliamRaspberry”定位到倒數(shù)第二段，根據(jù)“Whatif,insteadofsettingaside16of100slots,weadded16slotstothe100?”“如果我們不是在100個位置中留出16個位置，而是在100個位置中增加16個位置，那會怎么樣?”他表示，這不會影響白人已經(jīng)擁有的東西。所以選項A正確。

5.根據(jù)原文內容可知，AllanBakke挑戰(zhàn)的是“itisamyththatblacksaremakingprogressatwhiteexpense.”選項A正確。

20.單選題

BritishPrimeMinisterTonyBlairpromisedtheelectoratethatgunswouldnotbefiredwithoutanattempttowinafurtherU.N.sanction.

問題1選項

A.allies

B.delegates

C.voters

D.juries

【答案】C

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。electorate的前綴為elect-（選-），可以推測出electorate意為“選民”，所以選項C正確。

21.單選題

TheroleofAmericanwomen（）significantlyfromthetimethenationwasborn,tothemoderneraofthe1950sand1960s.

問題1選項

A.haschanged

B.hasbeenchanged

C.changed

D.hadbeenchanged

【答案】D

【解析】語法知識。根據(jù)句意可知，這里應該用過去完成時態(tài)，首先排除選項A和C；role與change之間為被動關系,所以選項D正確。

22.單選題

Inmoderndays,onthewesternbankoftheupperTigrisRiverstandsanIraqicitycalledQal’atShartlat.Thousandsofyearsago,thisverysitewasoncethecapitalofagreatMesopotamianempire.Atthetime,theplacehadadifferentname.ItwascalledAshurorArrur.ThewordAshureventuallygaverisetotheteamAssyria,whichwasthenorthernpartofMesopotamia.PeoplelivinginthatregionlaterbecameknownastheAssyrians.

HistoriansoftendividethelonghistoryofAssyriaintothreeperiodseventhoughtheycannotreachaconsensusovertheexactdatesofeachera.ThethreeperiodswastheOldAssyrianPeriod(circa2000B.C.—1400B.C.),theMiddleAssyrianPeriod(circa1365B.C.—1100B.C.)andtheNeo-AssyrianEmpire(circa934B.C.—609B.C.).

ArchaeologicalevidenceshowedthatpeoplebegantosettleinAshurasearlyas2500B.C.ButitdidnotattainanypoliticalsignificanceuntilthethirddynastyofUrcollapsedin2004B.C.Afterthatfiasco,theAssyrianstransformedtheAshurintoabustlingcommercialcenter,controllingtraderoutestoandfromAnatolia.In1813B.C.,thefirstgreatAssyrianking,Shamshi-AdadI,ascendedthethroneandbeganaseriesofmilitaryexpansions.Attheheightofhisreign,hiskingdomownedtheentirenorthernMesopotamia.Itsgrowinginfluencegaveitsneighborplentyofreasonstobewary.WhilethingsweregoingsplendidlyforthisAssyrianupstart,Shamshi-Adadpassedawayin1791B.C.Soonafterhisdeath,thekingdombegantofallapart.KnowingthattheShamshi-Adad5sempirewasonthevergeofcollapse,Hammurabiofthe1stdynastyofBabylonjumpedatthechanceandinvadednorthernMesopotamia.HeconqueredAshurin1760B.C.Fromthatpointontothemiddleof1300sB.C.,Assyriawasreducedtoamerevassalstate.Atfirst,ithadtoanswertothe1stdynastyofBabylon.Afterthatempirewaseradicated,itturnedtosubmittoaHumankingdomcalledMitanni.Itwasnotuntil1365B.C.thatAssyria,thenruledbyAshur-uballitI,wasabletoregainitsindependence.Forthenextcouplehundredyears,Assyriagrewincreasinglypowerful.IteventuallydefeatedBabyloniaandevenoccupiedEgypt.

1.Accordingtothearticle,theAssyrianlivedinpartofmodern-day（）.

2.Accordingtothehistorians,thehistoryofAssyriahaslastedforabout（）.

3.ItwasduringthereignofShamshi-AdadI,thefirstgreatAssyrianKing,whentheAssyrians（）.

4.DuringthereignofShamshi-AdadI,theneighboringcountriesofAssyrianEmpire（）.

5.Inhistory,theAssyrianswereonceverypowerful,andtheyevenoccupied（）atonestage.

問題1選項

A.Egypt

B.India

C.China

D.Iraq

問題2選項

A.4,000years

B.3,800years

C.3,100years

D.1,400years

問題3選項

A.begantoexpandtheirempirewithmilitaryforces

B.begantoopennewtraderoutes

C.begantoencouragecommercialactivities

D.begantoestablishdiplomaticrelationswithothercountries

問題4選項

A.allshowedtheirrespect

B.alladmiredtheachievementsofShamshi-AdadI

C.allbecamevigilantandanxious

D.allpaidtributetoShamshi-AdadI

問題5選項

A.India

B.Russia

C.Egypt

D.Greece

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段的內容可知，Assyrian生活在幾千年前被稱為Ashur或Arrur的地方?，F(xiàn)在這個地方名為Qal’atShartlat，是一座伊拉克的城市。所以選項D正確。

2.信息歸納題。根據(jù)第二段的內容可知，歷史學家將亞述歷史劃分為三個時期，分別持續(xù)了600年、265年、325年，一共是大約1400年的歷史。選項D正確。

3.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段第四句“In1813B.C.,thefirstgreatAssyrianking,Shamshi-AdadI,ascendedthethroneandbeganaseriesofmilitaryexpansions.”選項A符合原文。

4.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段“Itsgrowinginfluencegaveitsneighborplentyofreasonstobewary.”其日益增長的影響力使其鄰國有充足的理由保持警惕。選項C符合原文。

5.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“IteventuallydefeatedBabyloniaandevenoccupiedEgypt.”它最終打敗了巴比倫王國，甚至占領了埃及。選項C正確。

23.單選題

Alloftheinternationaldelegatesattendingtheconference（）tobringasouvenirfromtheirowncountries.

問題1選項

A.hasasked

B.isasking

C.wereasked

D.wasasking

【答案】C

【解析】本句主語為“delegates”，所以謂語動詞應為復數(shù)形式。選項C正確。

24.單選題

TheUnitedStatesisacountrymadeupofmanydifferentraces.Usuallytheyaremixedtogetherandcan’tbetoldfromoneanother.Butmanyofthemstilltalkaboutwheretheirancestorscamefrom.Itissomethingtheyareproudof.

TheoriginalAmericans,ofcourseweretheIndians.Theso-calledwhitemenwhothencameweremostlyfromEngland.ButmanycamefromothercountrieslikeGermanyandFrance.

OneproblemtheUnitedStateshasalwayshadisdiscrimination.AsnewgroupscametotheUnitedStatestheyfoundtheywerediscriminatedagainst.FirstitwastheIrishandItalians.Lateritwastheblacks.Almosteverygrouphasbeenabletofinallyescapethisdiscrimination.Theonlyimmigrantswhohavenotaretheblacks.SurprisinglyenoughtheworstdiscriminationtodayisshowntowardstheIndians.

OnereasontheIndiansarediscriminatedagainstisthattheyhavetriedsohardtokeeptheiridentity.Ofcoursetheyarenottheonlyoneswhohavedoneso.TheJapanesehavetheirLittleTokyoinLosAngelesandtheChineseaChinatowninNewYork.TheDutchsettlementinPennsylvaniaalsostaysseparatefromotherpeople.Theirtownsarelikesomethingfromthe19thcentury.Theyhaveadifferentreasonfromtheothergroupsforstayingseparately.Theyliveseparatelyforreligiousreasonsratherthankeeptogetherinaracialgroup.

Althoughsomegroupshavekeptthemselvesseparateandothershavebeendiscriminatedagainst,allgroupshavehelpedmaketheUnitedStatesagreatcounty.Thereisnogroupthathasnothelpedinsomeway.Andthereisnogroupthatcansaytheyhavedonethemosttomakeitagreatcountry.

ManypeoplestillcomefromothercountriestohelptheUnitedStatesgrow.AgoodexampleistheAmericanprojectthatletamanwalkonthemoon.ItwasascientistfromGermanywhowasmostresponsiblefordoingthat.ItiscertainthatinthefuturetheUnitedStateswillstillneedthehelpofpeoplefromallracialgroupstoremainagreatcountry.

1.Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbestdescribethemainideaofthispassage?

2.Inthefirstparagraphtheword“told”means（）.

3.Thispassageimpliesthatdiscriminationisaproblemwhich（）.

4.ThemainreasonwhytheIndiansaremostdiscriminatedagainstisthat（）.

5.TheDutchliveseparatelyinPennsylvania（）.

問題1選項

A.TheUnitedStatesisacountrymadeupofmanydifferentraces.

B.DiscriminationisthemostseriousproblemintheUnitedStates.

C.AllracesintheUnitedStateshavehelpedmakethecountryagreatone.

D.TheprosperityoftheUnitedStatesismainlyduetothehardworkofthemostdiscriminatedraces.

問題2選項

A.separated

B.distinguished

C.revealed

D.madeknown

問題3選項

A.manyracesintheUnitedStateshaveexperienced

B.willstillbeveryseriousintheUnitedStatesinthefuture

C.hasalreadybeensolvedintheUnitedStates

D.isstronglyopposedbymanydifferentracesintheUnitedStates

問題4選項

A.theyhavetriedhardtokeeptheirreligions

B.theyhavetriedhardtolivetogethertokeeptheirIndiancustoms

C.theyaretheonlyoneswhohavetriedtokeeptheiridentify

D.theydiscriminatemanyotherraces

問題5選項

A.toescapediscrimination

B.tokeeptogetherinaracialgroup

C.toenjoythemselvesintheirowntowns

D.forreligiousreasons

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨題。原文第一段第一句指出美國是一個由許多不同種族組成的國家，由此引出種族歧視，但本文的主旨句在第五段第一句，所有的種族都幫助美國成為一個偉大的國家。選項C符合原文。

2.語義題。根據(jù)原文句意，通常它們是混合在一起的，無法區(qū)分。由此可推測，told指無法區(qū)分的，選項B符合句意。

3.細節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)第三段第五句“Almosteverygrouphasbeenabletofinallyescapethisdiscrimination.”幾乎每一個群體最終都能擺脫這種歧視。說明每個種族都曾經(jīng)歷過歧視，所以選項A正確。

4.細節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)第四段第一句“OnereasontheIndiansarediscriminatedagainstisthattheyhavetriedsohardtokeeptheiridentity.”印第安人受到歧視的一個原因是他們一直努力保持自己的身份。選項B符合原文。本題容易錯選A，第四段最后一句提到的是荷蘭人由于宗教原因與其他種族分開，而不是印第安人，所以不正確。

5.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句“Theyliveseparatelyforreligiousreasons...”可知選項D正確。

25.單選題

Terroristsmurderandkidnappeople,（）bombs,hijackairplanes,setfires,andcommitotherseriouscrimes.

問題1選項

A.lightup

B.setoff

C.plantin

D.ignite

【答案】B

【解析】動詞詞組辨析。lightup照亮，點亮;setoff使爆炸;plantin把…種入…中，把......灌輸給......；ignite點燃，使燃燒。根據(jù)句意可知，此處指引爆炸彈，只有選項B符合句意。

26.單選題

TomandAlice（）havinganewcartoreplacetheiroldoneforyears.

問題1選項

A.hasbeendreamingof

B.havebeendreamingof

C.hasdreamed

D.willhavedreamed

【答案】B

【解析】根據(jù)句意可知謂語應該用復數(shù)，首先排除選項A和C，再根據(jù)“foryears”可知，應用現(xiàn)在完成時，所以選項B正確。

27.翻譯題

Onemightaskwhyspeculationispermittedwhenthereissorealadangerofloss.Thebasicreasonisthatspeculationcanperformusefulfunctionsintheeconomy.Buyingacommodityorthestockinthebeliefthatpriceswillrisespeedsmarketequilibriumandencouragesfasterentryofmoresuppliers.Ifthepricechangelaggeduntilafteranactualcommodityshortagehadoccurred,thefluctuationwouldprobablybesharperandmoresudden.Remedialsupplyactioncouldnotbefurtherdelayed.Similarly,ifspeculatorsforeseeasurplusinsomecommodity,theirsellingoffutureswillhelpdrivethepricedowntosomeextentbeforethesurplusactuallyoccurs.Whenspeculatorsforeseeashortageandbiduptheprice,theyarealsohelpingtoconservethepresentsupply.Asthepricegoesup,lessofthecommodityispurchased;ariseinpriceencouragesuserstoeconomize.Similarly,aloweringofpriceencouragesuserstobuymore,thushelpingtosellthesurpluswhichisdeveloping.

【答案】當確實存在遭受損失的風險時，人們不禁要問為什么允許進行投機活動。這其中根本的原因是投機能對經(jīng)濟活動產(chǎn)生有益作用。當人們預期商品價格的上漲速度要超過市場平衡點時，就會買入商品或股票并鼓勵更多的供應商入市。如果價格的變化滯后，甚至在切實的商品短缺發(fā)生后，價格還沒有變化，價格波動可能會更劇烈和更突然。調節(jié)性的供應行為此時絲毫不能耽擱。同樣，如果投機商預測到某些商品會供應過量，這時他們如果賣出期貨將有助于在切實的商品供應過量發(fā)生前將價格下調到一定水平。當投機商預測到商品會短缺并通過競標抬高價格時，他們也在幫助囤積當前的商品供應。隨著價格的上漲，人們購買的商品量就會減少；價格的上漲鼓勵人們節(jié)約。同樣，降低價格將會鼓勵使用者購買更多的商品，進而有助于將正在形成供應過量的商品銷售出去。

28.翻譯題

Itgoeswithoutsaying,then,thatlanguageisalsoapoliticalinstrument,means,andproofofpower.Itisthemostvividandcrucialkeytoidentity:itrevealstheprivateidentity,andconnectsonewith,ordivorcesonefrom,thelargerpublic,orcommunalidentity.Therehavebeen,andare,times,andplaces,whentospeakacertainlanguagecouldbedangerous,evenfatal.Or,onemayspeakthesamelanguage,butinsuchawaythatone’santecedentsarerevealed,or(onehopes)hidden.ThisistrueinFrance,andisabsolutelytrueinEngland:Therange(andreign)ofaccentsonthatdamplittleislandmakeEnglandcoherentfortheEnglishandtotallyincomprehensibleforeveryoneelse.ToopenyourmouthinEnglandis(ifImayuseblackEnglish)to“putyourbusinessinthestreet”:Youhaveconfessedyourparents,youryouth,yourschool,yoursalary,yourself-esteem,and,alas,yourfuture.

【答案】不言而喻，語言也是一種政治工具、手段和力量的象征。對于身份而言語言是極其形象并且至關重要的，因為它可以透露個人的身份，也可以將個人與公眾或公共的身份聯(lián)系起來或與其分離開。在某些時間或地點講某種語言可能是危險的，甚至是致命的。這種情況過去發(fā)生過，現(xiàn)在也存在?；蛘吣橙丝赡苤v一種語言，但是這樣就會泄露自己的身份，也可能像他所希望的那樣而隱瞞。這種情況在法國如此，在英國尤其如此：在這片濕氣襲人的小島上，英式口音的影響及統(tǒng)治范圍使英國僅與帶有英國口音的英國人和諧共存，卻不適合其他人在此生活。在英國開口說英語（如果我可以使用黑人英語）相當于把你的全部都公之于眾，包括你的父母、青年時期、所受的教育、薪水、自尊，天啊，甚至你的未來都被一覽無余。

29.單選題

Thetransitionfromwife’stomother’srolerequirethewifeto（

）tothecompletelynewsituationindailylife.

問題1選項

A.adapt

B.adjust

C.adopt

D.accept

【答案】A

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)句意可知，這里指適應新環(huán)境。adaptto為固定搭配，意為“適應”，所以選項A正確。

30.單選題

Thesoldierwas（

）ofrunningawaywhentheenemyattacked.

問題1選項

A.scolded

B.charged

C.accused

D.punished

【答案】C

【解析】固定搭配。scold和punish一般與介詞for搭配；charge一般指具有法律效應的控告；accuse一般指指控，指責。beaccusedof為固定搭配，意為“被指控”。選項C符合句意。

31.單選題

SomescientistshavesuggestedthatEarthisakindofzooorwildlife（

）

forintelligentspacebeings,likethewildernessareaswehavesetuponearthtoallowanimalstodevelopnaturallywhileweobservethem.

問題1選項

A.conservation

B.maintenance

C.storage

D.reserve

【答案】D

【解析】固定用法。wildlifereserve指野生動物保護區(qū)。所以選項D正確。

32.單選題

Heclaimsthatadvertisingtodaytendstoportraywomenintraditionalrolessuchascookingortakingcareofthebaby.

問題1選項

A.depict

B.advocate

C.criticize

D.analyze

【答案】A

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。句意：他聲稱，如今的廣告傾向于將女性塑造成做飯或照顧孩子等傳統(tǒng)角色。選項A與劃線部分意思最為接近。

33.單選題

Intoday’smodernsocietyalcoholaddictionandalcohol______hasbecomeoneofthemostcomplexlife-threateningissues.

問題1選項

A.infuse

B.abuse

C.reduce

D.refuse

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。根據(jù)句意可知這里指酗酒，alcoholabuse為常用搭配，所以選項B正確。

34.單選題

Theencouragingfactoristhatthe（

）majorityofpeoplefindtheideaofchangeacceptable.

問題1選項

A.numerous

B.vast

C.most

D.massive

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。thevastmajorityof指“絕大部分，絕大多數(shù)”。選項B正確。

35.單選題

Toensureitssustainedprogressineconomy,thegovernmenthas（）aseriesofpolicies.

問題1選項

A.reserved

B.issued

C.delivered

D.expressed

【答案】B

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。句意：為確保經(jīng)濟的持續(xù)發(fā)展，政府出臺了一系列政策。選項B符合句意。

36.單選題

Accordingtothelatestreport,consumerconfidence（）abreathtaking15pointslastmonth,toitslowestlevelintenyears.

問題1選項

A.soared

B.mutated

C.plummeted

D.fluctuated

【答案】C

【解析】soared飆升；mutated突變，變異；plummeted驟然下跌；fluctuated波動。根據(jù)下句“l(fā)owestlevelintenyears”可推測，這里指下跌，所以選項C符合語境。

37.單選題

Topicsforcompositionshouldbe（）totheexperiencesandinterestsofthestudents.

問題1選項

A.concerned

B.dependent

C.connecting

D.relevant

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配。選項A一般與with搭配；選項B一般與on/upon搭配；選項C可與with和to搭配，意為“與…相連”；berelevantto意為“與…有關的”。選項D符合語境。

38.單選題

Sincehisinjurywasserious,thedoctorsuggestedthathe（）inthegame.

問題1選項

A.didnotplay

B.mustnotplay

C.notplay

D.nottoplay

【答案】C

【解析】suggest表建議時用虛擬語氣，用should+動詞原形，should可省略，所以選項C正確。

39.單選題

Itmustguaranteefreedomofexpression,totheendthatall（）totheflowofideasshallberemoved.

問題1選項

A.prophecies

B.transactions

C.arguments

D.hindrances

【答案】D

【解析】prophecies預言；transactions交易，事務；arguments辯論；hindrances障礙，妨礙。句意：必須保證言論自由，最終思想流動的一切障礙都應消除。選項D符合句意。

40.單選題

Afterfailinghismid-termexams,Jeremywas（）facehisparents.

問題1選項

A.tooashamedto

B.tooembarrassingto

C.veryashamedof

D.veryembarrassingto

【答案】A

【解析】根據(jù)句意可知，這里是考查too...to...的句型，首先排除選項C和D；beashamedto為做某事感到羞恥；ashamed的主語是人；embarrassing的主語是物。所以選項A正確。

41.單選題

Tobeginsomeactivityisto（）doingit.

問題1選項

A.setdown

B.setup

C.setabout

D.setoff

【答案】C

【解析】動詞詞組辨析。setdown放下，記下；setup建立，裝配；setabout著手，開始做......；setoff出發(fā)，引起。句意：開始某項活動就要立馬著手去做。選項C符合句意。

42.單選題

Mygrandmotherhasbeengoingtoabetterdentist,sothis（）problemssheishavingwithherdentures.

問題1選項

A.won’teliminate

B.willbeelimination

C.shouldhavebeeneliminated

D.shouldhelpeliminate

【答案】D

【解析】句意：我的祖母一直在看牙醫(yī)，所以這應該有助于解決她的假牙問題。should表示有較大可能實現(xiàn)的推測，且根據(jù)句意可知，這里時態(tài)應該為一般現(xiàn)在時，所以選項D正確。

43.單選題

Peopleinnately（

）forsuperiorityovertheirpeersalthoughitsometimestakestheformofanexaggeratedlustforpower.

問題1選項

A.strive

B.ascertain

C.justify

D.adhere

【答案】A

【解析】固定搭配。strivefor意為“爭取,奮斗”；選項B為及物動詞；選項C和D通常與介詞to搭配。所以選項A正確。

44.單選題

Whentheairinacertainspaceissqueezedtooccupyasmallerspace,theairissaidtobe（）.

問題1選項

A.commenced

B.compressed

C.compromised

D.compensated

【答案】B

【解析】commenced開始；compressed壓縮；compromised妥協(xié)；compensated補償。句意：當某一空間的空氣被擠壓以占據(jù)更小的空間時，我們說空氣被壓縮了。選項B符合句意。

45.單選題

Todayscientistshaveagreaterunderstandingofgeneticsanditsrolein（）organisms.

問題1選項

A.live

B.life

C.living

D.alive

【答案】C

【解析】形近詞辨析。live活的，實況轉播的;life生活;living活的，現(xiàn)存的，逼真的；alive活著的，有生氣的。句意：現(xiàn)如今科學家們對遺傳學及其在生物體中的作用有了更深入的了解。填空處修飾organisms，選項C正確且符合句意。

46.單選題

Johnplayedbasketballincollegeand（）activeeversince.

問題1選項

A.haveextremelybeen

B.hasbeenextremely

C.willbeextremely

D.shouldextremelybe

【答案】B

【解析】根據(jù)"eversince"可知本句應用現(xiàn)在完成時，表示過去的影響一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。所以選項B正確。

47.單選題

Likemanyotheraspectsofthecomputerage,Yahoobeganasanidea,（1）intoahobbyandlatelyhas（2）intoafull-timepassion.Thetwode