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住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-沈陽藥科大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I(帶答案詳解)(圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Hisargumentdoesnotsuggestthatmankindcan____tobewastefulintheutilizationoftheseresources.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.resort

B.grant

C.afford

D.entitle

【答案】C

【解析】上下文語義。A選項(xiàng)resort“(~to訴諸;求助于)”;B選項(xiàng)grant“(指正式地或法律上)同意,準(zhǔn)許;(勉強(qiáng))同意”;C選項(xiàng)afford“負(fù)擔(dān)得起;承擔(dān)得起(后果)”;D選項(xiàng)entitle“使享有權(quán)利,使符合資格,常用被動(dòng)”。句意:他的論點(diǎn)并不是說人類可以____浪費(fèi)在利用這些自然資源時(shí)。原文從句不是被動(dòng)語態(tài),可排除D選項(xiàng);且原文從句主語是人類,B選項(xiàng)grant在使用時(shí)也應(yīng)使用被動(dòng)語態(tài),排除;A選項(xiàng)后面通常是某種方式后手段,而本句空格后是“浪費(fèi)”,不符合,排除;C選項(xiàng)代入,“他的論點(diǎn)并不是說人類承擔(dān)得起在利用這些自然資源時(shí)浪費(fèi)的后果”,符合語境。因此,本題最佳選項(xiàng)為C。

2.單選題

Thebittercomponentsinthevegetableswillbereleasedincookingandeventuallythisbitternesswilldissipate.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.discourage

B.distress

C.uncover

D.dissolve

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.discourage阻止;使氣餒B.distress使悲痛;使貧困

C.uncover發(fā)現(xiàn);揭開D.dissolve溶解;消失

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析

【解題思路】根據(jù)前文苦味成分(Thebittercomponents)會(huì)在烹飪過程中釋放出來(bereleased)推測,苦味被釋放后,就慢慢沒有了,D選項(xiàng)dissolve“溶解;消失”符合句意。原詞dissipate“消散”。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C選項(xiàng)不符合原句語境。

【句意】蔬菜中的苦味成分會(huì)在烹飪過程中釋放出來,最終這種苦味會(huì)消散。

3.單選題

Mr.Bloomisnot____now,buthewillbefamoussomeday.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.significant

B.dominant

C.magnificent

D.prominent

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析與上下文語義。A選項(xiàng)significant“明顯的,意義重大的”;B選項(xiàng)dominant“占優(yōu)勢的;顯性的,生物專業(yè)名詞”;C選項(xiàng)magnificent“壯麗的,宏偉的,值得贊揚(yáng)的”;D選項(xiàng)prominent“著名的,重要的,杰出的”。句意:雖然布朗(Bloom)先生現(xiàn)在不____,但他總有一天會(huì)出名的。根據(jù)后一個(gè)分句推斷,前一個(gè)分句是說布朗先生現(xiàn)在不出名。D選項(xiàng)最符合句意。因此,本題最佳選項(xiàng)為D。

4.單選題

Facebook’stopexecutivesareeligiblefortwice-a-yearbonusesofupto45percentoftheirbasesalaries.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.optional

B.qualified

C.desirable

D.casual

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.optional可選擇的B.qualified有資格的

C.desirable值得擁有的D.casual隨意的

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析

【解題思路】劃線詞修飾的是“Facebook的高管”,原文areeligiblefor詞義為“有資格的”,B選項(xiàng)qualified通常與介詞for連用,AbequalifiedforB(A具備完成/擁有B的資格或能力),與原詞最接近。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)optional“可選擇的”,不符合語境;

C選項(xiàng)desirable“值得擁有的”,通常修飾“值得的或可取的東西”,在這句話中應(yīng)該是“一年兩次的獎(jiǎng)金”,通常用于itisdesirablethat(XX是可取的。)或者itisdesirableforsomeonetodosomething(做某事是值得的。)

D選項(xiàng)casual“隨意的”,不符合語境。

【句意】Facebook的高管有資格獲得一年兩次的獎(jiǎng)金,最高可達(dá)基本工資的45%。

5.單選題

TheAmericanCivilWarisbelievedtohavestemmedfromdifferencesoverslavery.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.arisenfrom

B.contributedto

C.patchedup

D.participatedin

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.arisenfrom由……引起,起因于?B.contributedto導(dǎo)致

C.patchedup平息(爭吵);修補(bǔ)(關(guān)系)D.participatedin參與

【考查點(diǎn)】詞組辨析

【解題思路】劃線詞前文是“美國內(nèi)戰(zhàn)(TheAmericanCivilWar)”,后文是“關(guān)于奴隸制的分歧(differencesoverslavery)”。根據(jù)歷史常識(shí)可知,美國內(nèi)戰(zhàn)是由南北政府關(guān)于奴隸制的分歧造成的,原文使用的是主動(dòng)語態(tài),因此,A選項(xiàng)“由……引起,起因于”符合前后邏輯。原文stemmedfrom“起源于”。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D選項(xiàng)不符合原文邏輯。

【句意】美國內(nèi)戰(zhàn)被認(rèn)為源于對(duì)奴隸制的分歧。

6.單選題

Thebottomlineisthatpatientswhowanttomakesuretheirdoctoriscompetenthavealotofworktodo.Andtheworkshouldbedoneonthefrontend:expertsemphasizethatpeopleshouldfindadoctorandestablisharelationshipwhiletheyareingoodhealth,sotheydon’thavetoscramblewhentheycomedownwithbronchitisorfindasuspiciouslump.

Studieshavefoundthatitishardtogetanappointmentatshortnoticewhencold-calling,andthatpatientswitharegularsourceofcaregetbettercare,evenwhentheyareuninsured.Whilesomeinternistshaveadditionaltrainingincardiologyorrheumatology,shewenton,primarycarephysiciansalsohaveanetworkoftrustedspecialistsforreferrals.

Manywomenchooseagynecologistastheirregulardoctor,Dr.Gallinsaid,butshouldprobablyhavearelationshipwithaninternistaswell.Next,reviewthelistofdoctorsinyourhealthplan.Considertheirlocationaswellastheirhospitalaffiliations.Youmaywanttocross-checkyourhealthplan’slistwithatopdoctorslistforyourarea;theselists(oftenpublishedinregionalmagazineslikeNewYorkandNewJerseyMonthly)areusuallygeneratedbysurveyingphysicians.

Checkwithyourhealthplantoseewhetherithasgoodinformationonindividualphysicians(mostdon’t,butmanyareworkingonit).GoodqualitymeasuresincludeNationalCommitteeonQualityAssuranceaccreditationaboutwhetherdoctorsmeetcriteriaforcareforspecificconditionslikebackpainordiabetes,andtheHealthcareEffectivenessDataInformationSet,whichfocusesonadherencetoclinicalguidelines,likeprescribingabetablockerafteraheartattack.Somehealthplansalsooffernetworksofhigh-performingor“honorroll”physicians;askaboutcriteria.

Ifyou’reuninsured,youmaybeabletonegotiatewithadoctorandagreeonareducedfee,butrememberthatyouwillalsoberesponsibleforthecostoflabtests,bloodwork,X-rays,proceduresandmedications.Thesecostsaremorelikelytobecoveredorchargedonaslidingscaleatacommunityhealthcenterorhospitalclinic.(Tofindalocation,seeunder“FindHelp”,ortheFamiliesUSAWebsite,,under“ResourcesforConsumers”.)

Otherfactorstoconsiderarewhetherthedoctorhaseveningandweekendhours,whethertheofficeleavestimeopentoschedulesame-dayappointmentsforurgentcare,whetherwaitingtimesarereasonableandwhetherthedoctorisinsolopracticeoragrouppractice.(Someexpertssaythatgrouppracticestendtobemoreefficientandthatdoctorsingroupsaremorelikelytostayuptodateoncurrentmedicalpractice.)Ifthedoctoruseselectronicrecords,that’saplus,someexpertssay.

Onthecrucialquestionsofwhetheryouarecomfortablewiththedoctoryou’vechosen,youwon’tknowthatuntilyoumeetwiththedoctor.Pediatricianswillusuallyagreetoaninterview;busyinternistsoftenwon’t.

21.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribesthemainideaofthepassage?

22.Inadditiontoagynecologist,womenaresupposedtoestablisharelationshipwithaninternistbecause____.

23.Fortheuninsured,expertssuggest____.

24.Expertsindicatethatifadoctoruseselectronicrecords,____.

25.Strategiesforgettinganappointmentwithadoctormoreeasilyincludeallexcept____.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Primaryphysiciansusuallyhaveanetworkoftrustedspecialistsforreferrals.

B.Patientsoftenfinditaloteasiertogetanappointmentwhiletheyareingoodhealth.

C.Strategiesareneededforgettinganappointmentwithacompetentdoctor.

D.Thepeopledonotneedtoestablisharelationshipwhiletheyareingoodhealth.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.everyinternisthasanetworkoftrustedspecialistsforreferrals

B.someinternistsareonlytrainedincardiologyorrheumatology

C.theyhavearegularsourceofcare

D.theydonotoftenneedtogetanappointmentwithadoctor

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theyberesponsibleforthecostoflabtests,bloodwork,proceduresandmedication

B.theyreachsomeagreementwithadoctorforadjustedcoverageofcosts

C.theygotoacommunityhealthcenterorhospitalclinicforfreemedicalcare

D.theyvisittheFamiliesUSAWebsitetolocatefreehealthcare

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thedoctorshouldbeaprioritychoiceforpatients

B.thedoctormustbeextremelypopularamongpatients

C.patientsshouldgivethedoctorextracredits

D.theuninsuredmaybechargedmorethantheinsured

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.establishingarelationshipwithadoctorwhohaseveningandweekendhours

B.discoveringacomfortrelationshipwithadoctorthroughinterviews

C.findingadoctorinagrouppracticethatstaysuptodateoncurrentmedicalpractice

D.stayinguninsuredforreducedchargesincommunityhealthcenters

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】21.主旨大意題。文章第1段第1、2句Thebottomlineisthatpatientswhowanttomakesuretheirdoctoriscompetenthavealotofworktodo.Andtheworkshouldbedoneonthefrontend:expertsemphasizethatpeopleshouldfindadoctorandestablisharelationshipwhiletheyareingoodhealth...(最基本的是,想確保看病的是有能力的醫(yī)生的病人有很多工作要做。第一步是:專家強(qiáng)調(diào),人們應(yīng)該在健康的時(shí)候去找醫(yī)生并建立關(guān)系……)文章開篇指出,對(duì)于想找有能力的醫(yī)生看病的病人來說,在健康的時(shí)候就找好醫(yī)生并建立關(guān)系很重要,隨后的段落都是圍繞如何找到稱職的醫(yī)生展開的,C選項(xiàng)“預(yù)約到有能力的醫(yī)生需要一些策略”的表述符合文章的主旨。另外,第25題也可以提供一些提示。A選項(xiàng)“初級(jí)醫(yī)生通常有一個(gè)可推薦的值得信賴的專家網(wǎng)絡(luò)”、B選項(xiàng)“病人們經(jīng)常發(fā)現(xiàn),當(dāng)他們?cè)谏眢w健康時(shí),預(yù)約成功要容易得多”是文章細(xì)節(jié)的內(nèi)容,不是主旨。D選項(xiàng)“人們健康的時(shí)候不需要與醫(yī)生建立關(guān)系”,表述與原文不符,排除。因此,本題最佳選項(xiàng)為C。

22.推理判斷題。題干“除了婦科醫(yī)生,女性也應(yīng)該與內(nèi)科醫(yī)生建立關(guān)系,因?yàn)開___”,可定位到原文第3段第1句Manywomenchooseagynecologistastheirregulardoctor,Dr.Gallinsaid,butshouldprobablyhavearelationshipwithaninternistaswell.(加林博士說,許多女性選擇婦科醫(yī)生作為她們的常規(guī)醫(yī)生,但或許也應(yīng)該與內(nèi)科醫(yī)生保持聯(lián)系。)但是,該句后文以Next(然后)開頭,主要介紹怎么找合適的醫(yī)生,所以,本題的答案應(yīng)該往前找。原文第2段提到“有常規(guī)治療來源的病人(patientswitharegularsourceofcare)得到更好的護(hù)理”,緊接著說“盡管一些內(nèi)科醫(yī)生在心臟病學(xué)或風(fēng)濕病學(xué)方面有額外的培訓(xùn),但初級(jí)保健醫(yī)生也有一個(gè)可推薦的值得信賴的專家網(wǎng)絡(luò)?!庇纱送茢?,專家建議女性應(yīng)該和內(nèi)科醫(yī)生聯(lián)系一下,是因?yàn)樗麄冇锌赏扑]的值得信賴的專家網(wǎng)絡(luò),即常規(guī)治療來源,C選項(xiàng)“他們有常規(guī)的治療來源”表述正確。B選項(xiàng)“一些內(nèi)科醫(yī)生只接受過心臟病學(xué)或風(fēng)濕病學(xué)的培訓(xùn)”,表述不符合原文,“心臟病學(xué)或風(fēng)濕病學(xué)的培訓(xùn)”是內(nèi)科醫(yī)生的額外訓(xùn)練,說明他們還接受了其他訓(xùn)練,排除;A選項(xiàng)“每個(gè)內(nèi)科醫(yī)生都有一個(gè)可推薦的值得信賴的專家網(wǎng)絡(luò)”,原文并沒有提到“每個(gè)”,該選項(xiàng)屬于過度推理;D選項(xiàng)“他們不需要總是跟醫(yī)生預(yù)約”,原文只是說有常規(guī)護(hù)理來源的能得到更好的治療(getbettercare),并沒有說就不需要預(yù)約了,該選項(xiàng)屬于過度推理。因此,本題最佳選項(xiàng)為C。

23.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干“對(duì)于沒有保險(xiǎn)的人,專家建議____”,可定位到原文第5段第1句Ifyou’reuninsured,youmaybeabletonegotiatewithadoctorandagreeonareducedfee,butrememberthatyouwillalsoberesponsibleforthecostoflabtests,bloodwork,X-rays,proceduresandmedications.(如果你沒有保險(xiǎn),可以和醫(yī)生協(xié)商,讓醫(yī)生同意降低費(fèi)用,但是記住你還是要承擔(dān)實(shí)驗(yàn)室檢測、血液檢測、X光、程序和藥物的費(fèi)用。)由此可知,B選項(xiàng)“他們與醫(yī)生就調(diào)整承擔(dān)的費(fèi)用達(dá)成了協(xié)議”正是專家的建議;A選項(xiàng)“他們承擔(dān)實(shí)驗(yàn)室檢測、血液檢測、程序和藥物的費(fèi)用”并不是專家的建議,排除;C選項(xiàng)“他們?nèi)ド鐓^(qū)健康中心或醫(yī)院診所享受免費(fèi)醫(yī)療”,可定位到第5段第2句Thesecostsaremorelikelytobecoveredorchargedonaslidingscaleatacommunityhealthcenterorhospitalclinic.(這些費(fèi)用更有可能由社區(qū)衛(wèi)生中心或醫(yī)院診所按浮動(dòng)比例支付或收取。)由此可知,社區(qū)健康中心或醫(yī)院診所并不提供免費(fèi)醫(yī)療,并且這不是專家的建議,選項(xiàng)表述與原文不符,排除。D選項(xiàng)“他們?cè)L問美國家庭網(wǎng)站,尋找免費(fèi)醫(yī)療服務(wù)”,可定位到第5段最后一句Tofindalocation,…,ortheFamiliesUSAWebsite,,under“ResourcesforConsumers”.(您可以在美國家庭網(wǎng)站的“消費(fèi)者資源”中找到。)根據(jù)上下文,這個(gè)網(wǎng)址是找社區(qū)健康中心或者醫(yī)院診所的,并且這些醫(yī)療也并不是免費(fèi)的,選項(xiàng)表述不符合原文,排除。

因此,本題最佳選項(xiàng)為B。

24.判斷推理題。題干“專家提示,如果一個(gè)醫(yī)生使用電子病歷,那么____”,可定位到原文倒數(shù)第2段最后一句Ifthedoctoruseselectronicrecords,that’saplus,someexpertssay.(一些專家說,如果醫(yī)生使用電子病歷,這是一個(gè)優(yōu)點(diǎn)。)由此可知,使用電子病歷的醫(yī)生是相對(duì)來說可靠的好的醫(yī)生;另外,全文主要是介紹如何挑選好的醫(yī)生并與之建立聯(lián)系,A選項(xiàng)“這個(gè)醫(yī)生應(yīng)該是病人優(yōu)先選擇的對(duì)象”,符合原文。B選項(xiàng)“這位醫(yī)生一定很受病人歡迎”,原文只是說這是該醫(yī)生的優(yōu)點(diǎn),并沒有提到一定特別受歡迎,該選項(xiàng)屬于過度推測;C選項(xiàng)“病人應(yīng)該給醫(yī)生額外的贊揚(yáng)”,專家說這是一個(gè)優(yōu)點(diǎn),并不是為了要贊揚(yáng)醫(yī)生,而是告訴讀者可以選擇這樣的醫(yī)生,所以排除C選項(xiàng);D選項(xiàng)“未投保的人可能會(huì)比已投保的人被收取更多的費(fèi)用”,原文并未提及,排除。因此,本題最佳選項(xiàng)為A。

25.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干“更容易預(yù)約醫(yī)生的策略包括除____以外的所有內(nèi)容?!?/p>

A選項(xiàng)“與一位晚上和周末都有空的醫(yī)生建立關(guān)系”,可定位到原文倒數(shù)第2段第一句Otherfactorstoconsiderarewhetherthedoctorhaseveningandweekendhours…(其他需要考慮的因素包括醫(yī)生是否有晚上和周末的時(shí)間……),由此可知,晚上和周末都有空的醫(yī)生更方便關(guān)系和預(yù)約看病,選項(xiàng)表述符合原文;B選項(xiàng)“通過會(huì)面與醫(yī)生建立舒適的關(guān)系”,可定位到原文最后一段第1句Onthecrucialquestionsofwhetheryouarecomfortablewiththedoctoryou’vechosen,youwon’tknowthatuntilyoumeetwiththedoctor.(關(guān)于你是否能跟你選擇的醫(yī)生相處愉快這個(gè)關(guān)鍵問題,直到你們見了面,你才會(huì)知道。)由此可知,通過雙方面對(duì)面交往,才能知道是否能跟對(duì)方相處愉快,才能建立舒適的關(guān)系,選項(xiàng)表述符合原文;C選項(xiàng)“找一個(gè)屬于某個(gè)醫(yī)療團(tuán)隊(duì)的醫(yī)生且這個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)進(jìn)行當(dāng)前最新的醫(yī)療實(shí)踐”,可定位到原文倒數(shù)第2段倒數(shù)第2句Someexpertssaythatgrouppracticestendtobemoreefficientandthatdoctorsingroupsaremorelikelytostayuptodateoncurrentmedicalpractice.(一些專家說,集體實(shí)踐往往更有效率,團(tuán)體醫(yī)生更有可能保持最新的醫(yī)療實(shí)踐。)由此可知,作者更推薦處于某個(gè)醫(yī)學(xué)團(tuán)隊(duì)的醫(yī)生,選項(xiàng)表述符合原文;D選項(xiàng)“為了在社區(qū)衛(wèi)生中心享受降低一點(diǎn)的費(fèi)用而不買保險(xiǎn)”,可定位到原文第5段第1句Ifyou’reuninsured,youmaybeabletonegotiatewithadoctorandagreeonareducedfee…(如果你沒有保險(xiǎn),你可以和醫(yī)生協(xié)商降低費(fèi)用……)原文只是說沒有買保險(xiǎn)的人可以跟醫(yī)生商量少收一些費(fèi)用,并沒有建議不買保險(xiǎn),選項(xiàng)表述與原文不符。因此,本題最佳選項(xiàng)為D。

7.單選題

To____forhisunpleasantexperienceshedrankalittlemorethanwasgoodforhim.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.commence

B.compromise

C.compensate

D.compliment

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配與上下文語義。A選項(xiàng)commence“開始,著手”;B選項(xiàng)compromise“妥協(xié),和解”;C選項(xiàng)compensate“補(bǔ)償,彌補(bǔ)”;D選項(xiàng)compliment“恭維,稱贊”。句意:為了____他不愉快的經(jīng)歷,他喝多了一點(diǎn)。根據(jù)句意,C選項(xiàng)compensate較符合,空格后的介詞for提示我們,空格處應(yīng)填compensate,構(gòu)成短語compensatefor,其他選項(xiàng)均不跟介詞for搭配。因此,本題最佳選項(xiàng)為C。

8.單選題

Facebook’stopexecutiveareeligiblefortwice-a-yearbonusesofupto45percentoftheirbasesalaries.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.optional

B.qualified

C.desirable

D.casual

【答案】B

【解析】考查上下文語義與形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)optional“可選擇的”;B選項(xiàng)qualified“合格的,有資格的”;C選項(xiàng)desirable“值得擁有的,可取的”;D選項(xiàng)casual“隨便的;臨時(shí)的”。句意:Facebook的高管有資格獲得一年兩次的獎(jiǎng)金,最高可達(dá)基本工資的45%。根據(jù)句意可排除A、D兩項(xiàng)。C選項(xiàng)desirable與B選項(xiàng)qualified的區(qū)別在于:desirable通常修飾“值得的或可取的東西”,在這句話中則應(yīng)該是“一年兩次的獎(jiǎng)金”,通常用于itisdesirablethat(XX是可取的。)或者itisdesirableforsbtodosth(做某事是值得的。),而劃線詞修飾的是“Facebook的高管”,兩者用法不搭,而qualified通常與介詞for連用,AbequalifiedforB(A具備完成/擁有B的資格或能力),該詞與原文areeligiblefor詞義、用法最相近。因此,本題最佳選項(xiàng)為B。

9.單選題

Whytheinductiveandmathematicalsciences,aftertheirfirstrapiddevelopmentattheculminationofGreekcivilization,advancedasslowlyfortwothousandyears—andwhyinthefollowingtwohundredyearsaknowledgeofnaturalandmathematicalsciencehasaccumulated,whichsovastlyexceedsallthatwaspreviouslyknownthatthesesciencesmaybejustlyregardedastheproductsofourowntimes—arequestionswhichhaveinterestedthemodernphilosophernotlessthantheobjectswithwhichthesesciencesaremoreimmediatelyconversant.Wasittheemploymentofanewmethodofresearch,orintheexerciseofgreatervirtueintheuseoftheoldmethods,thatthissingularmodernphenomenonhaditsorigin?Wasthelongperiodoneofarresteddevelopment,andisthemoderneraoneofnormalgrowth?Orshouldweascribethecharacteristicsofbothperiodstoso-calledhistoricalaccidents—totheinfluenceofconjunctionsincircumstancesofwhichnoexplanationispossible,saveintheomnipotenceandwisdomofaguidingProvidence?

Theexplanationwhichhasbecomecommonplace,thattheancientsemployeddeductionchieflyintheirscientificinquiries,whilethemodernsemployinduction,provestobetoonarrow,andfailsuponcloseexaminationtopointwithsufficientdistinctnessthecontrastthatisevidentbetweenancientandmodernscientificdoctrinesandinquiries.Forallknowledgeisfoundedonobservation,andproceedsfromthisbyanalysis,bysynthesisandanalysis,byinductionanddeduction,andifpossiblebyverification,orbynewappealstoobservationundertheguidanceofdeduction—bystepswhichareindeedcorrelativepartsofonemethod;andtheancientsciencesaffordexamplesofeveryoneofthesemethods,orpartsofonemethod,whichhavebeengeneralizedfromtheexamplesofscience.

Afailuretoemployortoemployadequatelyanyoneofthesepartialmethods,animperfectionintheartsandresourcesofobservationandexperiment,carelessnessinobservation,neglectofrelevantfacts,byappealtoexperimentandobservation—thesearethefaultswhichcauseallfailurestoascertaintruth,whetheramongtheancientsorthemoderns;butthisstatementdoesnotexplainwhythemodernispossessedofagreatervirtue,andbywhatmeansheattainedhissuperiority.Muchlessdoesitexplainthesuddengrowthofscienceinrecenttimes.

Theattempttodiscovertheexplanationofthisphenomenonintheantithesisof“facts”and“theories”or“facts”and“ideas”—intheneglectamongtheancientsoftheformer,andtheirtooexclusiveattentiontothelatter—provesalsotobetoonarrow,aswellasopentothechargeofvagueness.Forinthefirstplace,theantithesisisnotcomplete.Factsandtheoriesarenotcoordinatespecies.Theories,iftrue,arefacts—aparticularclassoffactsindeed,generallycomplex,andifalogicalconnectionsubsistsbetweentheirconstituents,haveallthepositiveattributesoftheories.

Nevertheless,thisdistinction,howeverinadequateitmaybetoexplainthesourceoftruemethodinscience,iswellfounded,andconnotesanimportantcharacterintruemethod.Afactisapropositionofsimple.Atheory,ontheotherhand,iftruehasallthecharacteristicsofafact,exceptthatitsverificationispossibleonlybyindirect,remote,anddifficultmeans.Toconverttheoriesintofactsistoaddsimpleverification,andthetheorythusacquiresthefullcharacteristicsofafact.

25.Thetitlethatbestexpressestheideasofthispassageis?

26.Accordingtotheauthor,onepossiblereasonforthegrowthofscienceduringthedaysoftheancientGreeksandinmoderntimesis____.

27.Theunderlinedword“ascertain”inthethirdparagraphprobablymeans____.

28.Thedifferencebetween“fact”and“theory”____.

29.Accordingtotheauthor,mathematicsis____.

30.Thestatement“Theoriesarefacts”maybecalled____.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Philosophyofmathematics

B.TheRecentGrowthinScience.

C.TheVerificationofFacts.

D.MethodsofScientificInquiry.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thesimilaritybetweenthetwoperiods

B.thatitwasanactofGod

C.thatbothtriedtodeveloptheinductivemethod

D.duetothedeclineofthedeductivemethod

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.findout

B.confirm

C.announce

D.makesure

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.isthatthelatterneedsconfirmation

B.restsonthesimplicityoftheformer

C.isthedifferencebetweenthemodernscientistsandtheancientGreeks

D.helpsustounderstandthedeductivemethod

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.aninductivescience

B.inneedofsimpleverification

C.adeductivescience

D.basedonfactandtheory

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.ametaphor

B.aparadox

C.anappraisaloftheinductiveanddeductivemethods

D.apun

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:C

第6題:B

【解析】25.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Thetitlethatbestexpressestheideasofthispassageis?最能表達(dá)這篇文章觀點(diǎn)的題目是?

A.Philosophyofmathematics.A.數(shù)學(xué)的哲學(xué)

B.TheRecentGrowthinScience.B.科學(xué)的最新發(fā)展

C.TheVerificationofFacts.C.事實(shí)的核實(shí)

D.MethodsofScientificInquiry.D.科學(xué)探究的方法

【考查點(diǎn)】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】

1)分析文章行文結(jié)構(gòu):本文的結(jié)構(gòu)大致為“提出問題——對(duì)已有的解釋進(jìn)行分析”。

第一段提到“現(xiàn)代哲學(xué)家感興趣的問題,為什么歸納和數(shù)學(xué)科學(xué),在希臘文明達(dá)到頂峰時(shí)第一次快速發(fā)展(theirfirstrapiddevelopment)之后,兩千年來發(fā)展緩慢(slowlyfortwothousandyears),以及為什么在接下來的二百年中,自然科學(xué)和數(shù)學(xué)的發(fā)展(sovastlyexceeds)大大超過了以前所知道的一切”;

第二段否定了解釋1——“古人在科學(xué)研究中主要采用演繹法(deduction),而現(xiàn)代人則采用歸納法(induction),這種解釋過于狹隘(toonarrow),經(jīng)仔細(xì)考察,無法充分(fails)清楚地指出古代和現(xiàn)代科學(xué)學(xué)說和研究之間明顯的對(duì)比”;

第三段否定了解釋2——“沒有使用或充分使用這些局部方法中的任何一種,在觀察和實(shí)驗(yàn)的藝術(shù)和資源上的缺陷,在觀察中粗心,忽視相關(guān)事實(shí),訴諸于實(shí)驗(yàn)和觀察”;

第四段否定了解釋3——古人試圖通過將“事實(shí)”與“理論”或“事實(shí)”與“觀念”對(duì)立來解釋這一現(xiàn)象;

第五段肯定了第四段中將“事實(shí)”與“理論”進(jìn)行區(qū)分的可取之處,即這種區(qū)分包含了真正方法的一個(gè)重要特征。

2)提煉復(fù)現(xiàn)詞:methods“方法”。

綜上所述,D選項(xiàng)“科學(xué)探究的方法”最適合做本文的標(biāo)題。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“數(shù)學(xué)的哲學(xué)”,本文并未提及,屬于無中生有;

B選項(xiàng)“科學(xué)的最新發(fā)展”,只是在開頭第一段引入問題時(shí)被提到,屬于背景信息,并不能概括全文,不適合做本文標(biāo)題,屬于本末倒置;

C選項(xiàng)“事實(shí)的核實(shí)”,只是本文第四、五段的內(nèi)容,并不能概括全文,不適合做本文標(biāo)題,屬于本末倒置。

26【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Accordingtotheauthor,onepossiblereasonforthegrowthofscienceduringthedaysoftheancientGreeksandinmoderntimesis____.作者認(rèn)為,古希臘和現(xiàn)代科學(xué)發(fā)展的一個(gè)可能原因是____。

A.thesimilaritybetweenthetwoperiodsA.這兩個(gè)時(shí)期的相似之處

B.thatitwasanactofGodB.是上帝的杰作

C.thatbothtriedtodeveloptheinductivemethodC.他們都試圖發(fā)展歸納法

D.duetothedeclineofthedeductivemethodD.由于演繹法的衰落

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞thegrowthofscienceduringthedaysoftheancientGreeksandinmoderntimes可定位到本文第1段最后一句,該句說到“或者,我們是否應(yīng)該把這兩個(gè)時(shí)期的特點(diǎn)歸因于所謂的歷史偶然性——?dú)w因于環(huán)境中結(jié)合的影響?這種影響,除非以指導(dǎo)我們的上帝的全能和智慧(theomnipotenceandwisdomofaguidingProvidence)來解釋,否則是無法解釋的?!庇纱丝芍?,作者認(rèn)為上帝是一個(gè)可能的原因?!癎od”是“aguidingProvidence”的同義替換。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“這兩個(gè)時(shí)期的相似之處”,原文并未提及,屬于無中生有;

C選項(xiàng)“他們都試圖發(fā)展歸納法”,原文雖然提到了歸納法,但并沒有說這兩個(gè)時(shí)期都試圖發(fā)展歸納法,該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有;

D選項(xiàng)“由于演繹法的衰落”,原文雖然提到了演繹法,但并沒有說演繹法的衰落,該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有。

27.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Theunderlinedword“ascertain”inthethirdparagraphprobablymeans____.第三段中劃線的單詞“ascertain”的意思可能是____。

A.findoutA.發(fā)現(xiàn)

B.confirmB.證實(shí)

C.announceC.宣布

D.makesureD.確保

【考查點(diǎn)】詞匯推測題。

【解題思路】

句中前后信息銜接:根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞thethirdparagraph定位到原文第3段。本段第1句破折號(hào)后ascertain所在部分的句意是“無論是古代還是現(xiàn)代,這些都是導(dǎo)致不能____真理/真相的錯(cuò)誤?!?/p>

2)上下文語義銜接:由第一題的解析可得,本文的主題是“科學(xué)研究的方法”,第3段第1句破折號(hào)前的句子是展開介紹在科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)中犯的錯(cuò)誤,那么此處的truth指的應(yīng)該是科學(xué)真理,由此可知,ascertain是搭配“真理”的動(dòng)詞,“宣布真理”和“確保真理”不能搭配,由此可排除C、D選項(xiàng);

3)分析詞匯本身:ascertain中certain是“確實(shí),確信”的意思,因此B選項(xiàng)“證實(shí)”更符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D三個(gè)選項(xiàng)均不符合原文。

28.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Thedifferencebetween“fact”and“theory”____.“事實(shí)”和“理論”的區(qū)別____。

A.isthatthelatterneedsconfirmationA.是后者需要證實(shí)

B.restsonthesimplicityoftheformerB.在于前者的簡單性

C.isthedifferencebetweenthemodernscientistsandtheancientGreeksC.是現(xiàn)代科學(xué)家和古希臘科學(xué)家的區(qū)別

D.helpsustounderstandthedeductivemethodD.幫助我們理解演繹法

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Thedifferencebetween“fact”and“theory”定位到原文最后一段。該段最后兩句提到“如果一個(gè)理論是正確的,它就具有事實(shí)的所有特征,只是它的證實(shí)(exceptthatitsverification)只能通過間接的、遙遠(yuǎn)的和困難的手段。”“將理論轉(zhuǎn)化為事實(shí)就是增加了簡單的驗(yàn)證(addsimpleverification),從而使理論獲得了事實(shí)的全部特征。”由此可知,理論得到驗(yàn)證之后就會(huì)變成真理,因此,A選項(xiàng)“是后者需要證實(shí)”就是“事實(shí)”和“理論”的區(qū)別。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“在于前者的簡單性”,可定位到原文最后一段第2句,該句說“事實(shí)是簡單的命題”,原文雖然提到了“事實(shí)”很簡單,但并沒有說這是兩者之間的區(qū)別,該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有;

C選項(xiàng)“是現(xiàn)代科學(xué)家和古希臘科學(xué)家的區(qū)別”,原文并未提及,該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有;

D選項(xiàng)“幫助我們理解演繹法”,原文并未提及,該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有。

29.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Accordingtotheauthor,mathematicsis____.據(jù)作者介紹,數(shù)學(xué)是____。

A.aninductivescienceA.歸納科學(xué)

B.inneedofsimpleverificationB.需要簡單的驗(yàn)證

C.adeductivescienceC.演繹科學(xué)

D.basedonfactandtheoryD.以事實(shí)和理論為基礎(chǔ)

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】原文并未直接介紹數(shù)學(xué)是什么科學(xué),只在首段引入話題時(shí)提到了數(shù)學(xué)。根據(jù)原文第一段第1句“為什么歸納和數(shù)學(xué)科學(xué)(theinductiveandmathematicalsciences),在希臘文明達(dá)到頂峰時(shí)第一次快速發(fā)展之后,兩千年來發(fā)展緩慢”,由此可知,數(shù)學(xué)是一種科學(xué),根據(jù)作者將歸納科學(xué)(inductivescience)與數(shù)學(xué)(mathematicalscience)并列可推斷,作者認(rèn)為兩者非同類的科學(xué),“歸納和演繹”是相對(duì)的兩種科學(xué)方法分類,因此,作者認(rèn)為數(shù)學(xué)是一種演繹科學(xué)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“歸納科學(xué)”,根據(jù)【解題思路】可排除該選項(xiàng);

B選項(xiàng)“需要簡單的驗(yàn)證”,可定位到原文最后一段最后一句,該句提到“理論變成事實(shí)需要簡單的驗(yàn)證(Toconverttheoriesintofactsistoaddsimpleverification)”,由此可知,該選項(xiàng)表述的是一種科學(xué)方法,不是對(duì)數(shù)學(xué)的介紹,屬于偷換概念;

D選項(xiàng)“以事實(shí)和理論為基礎(chǔ)”,原文在最后兩段提到了“事實(shí)和理論”,但并未涉及數(shù)學(xué),該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有。

30.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Thestatement“Theoriesarefacts”maybecalled____.“理論就是事實(shí)”這句話可以叫作____。

A.ametaphorA.比喻(暗喻)

B.aparadoxB.悖論

C.anappraisaloftheinductiveanddeductivemethodsC.對(duì)歸納和演繹方法的贊美

D.apunD.雙關(guān)

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Theories和facts定位到原文最后兩段。倒數(shù)第2段第2句提到“事實(shí)和理論不是完全對(duì)立的(theantithesisisnotcomplete)”,后一句又說“事實(shí)和理論不是協(xié)調(diào)的類別(notcoordinatespecies)”由此可知,事實(shí)和理論不是完全對(duì)立又不是完全統(tǒng)一的。第4段最后一句說到“如果理論是正確的(Theories,iftrue),那么它就是一類特定的事實(shí)(aparticularclassoffacts)”,由此可知,正確的理論是事實(shí),錯(cuò)誤的理論不是事實(shí)。因此題干中“理論就是事實(shí)”的表述是B選項(xiàng)“悖論”。(注:悖論是“如果其中一部分是正確的,那么另一部分就不可能是正確的”的陳述。)

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D三個(gè)選項(xiàng)均沒有依據(jù),屬于無中生有。

10.單選題

Manycriticsagreedthatbyandlarge,thismoviewasasuccessintermsofactingandphotography.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.allatonce

B.byandby

C.tosomeextent

D.onthewhole

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.allatonce突然B.byandby不久以后

C.tosomeextent在一定程度上D.onthewhole總的來說

【考查點(diǎn)】短語辨析

【解題思路】原文byandlarge的意思是“總的來說”,四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中與該短語意思最接近的是D選項(xiàng)onthewhole“總的來說”。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C選項(xiàng)與原文不符。

【句意】許多影評(píng)人一致認(rèn)為,總的來說,這部電影在表演和攝影方面都是成功的。

11.單選題

Thefiremanhada____escapewhenastaircasecollapsedbeneathhisfeet.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.close

B.narrow

C.hard

D.near

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.close即將發(fā)生的,幾近的B.narrow很險(xiǎn)的(逃脫)

C.hard艱難的D.near靠近的

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析

【解題思路】后文提到“消防隊(duì)員腳下的樓梯倒塌”,而空格處是修飾“逃生”的形容詞,由此可知,這個(gè)消防員是死里逃生,過程很險(xiǎn),差點(diǎn)就沒有成功,B選項(xiàng)narrow“很險(xiǎn)的(逃脫)”最符合語義。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)close“即將發(fā)生的,幾近的”,如果填入這個(gè)詞的話,需要做表語,并與介詞to連用,意思是消防員差一點(diǎn)就逃生了,即他沒有逃生成功;

C選項(xiàng)hard“艱難的”,沒有B選項(xiàng)符合語境;

D選項(xiàng)near“靠近的”,不符合語境。

【句意】當(dāng)消防隊(duì)員腳下的樓梯倒塌時(shí),他死里逃生。

12.單選題

Thebottomlineisthatpatientswhowanttomakesuretheirdoctoriscompetenthavealotofworktodo.Andtheworkshouldbedoneonthefrontend:expertsemphasizethatpeopleshouldfindadoctorandestablisharelationshipwhiletheyareingoodhealth,sotheydon’thavetoscramblewhentheycomedownwithbronchitisorfindasuspiciouslump.

Studieshavefoundthatitishardtogetanappointmentatshortnoticewhencold-calling,andthatpatientswitharegularsourceofcaregetbettercare,evenwhentheyareuninsured.Whilesomeinternistshaveadditionaltrainingincardiologyorrheumatology,shewenton,primarycarephysiciansalsohaveanetworkoftrustedspecialistsforreferrals.

Manywomenchooseagynecologistastheirregulardoctor.Dr.Gallinsaid,butshouldprobablyhavearelationshipwithaninternistaswell.Next,reviewthelistofdoctorsinyourhealthplan.Considertheirlocationaswellastheirhospitalaffiliations.Youmaywanttocross-checkyourhealthplan’slistwithatopdoctorslistforyourarea;theselists(oftenpublishedinregionalmagazineslikeNewYorkandNewJerseyMonthly)areusuallygeneratedbysurveyingphysicians.

Checkwithyourhealthplantoseewhetherithasgoodinformationonindividualphysicians(mostdon’t,butmanyareworkingonit).GoodqualitymeasuresincludeNationalCommitteeonQualityAssuranceaccreditationaboutwhetherdoctorsmeetcriteriaforcareforspecificconditionslikebackpainordiabetes,andtheHealthcareEffectivenessDataInformationSet,whichfocusesonadherencetoclinicalguidelines,likeprescribingabetablockerafteraheartattack.Somehealthplansalsooffernetworksofhigh-performingor“honorroll”physicians;askaboutthecriteria.

Ifyou’reuninsured,youmaybeabletonegotiatewithadoctorandagreeonareducedfee,butrememberthatyouwillalsoberesponsibleforthecostoflabtests,bloodwork,X-rays,proceduresandmedications.Thesecostsaremorelikelytobecoveredorchargedonaslidingscaleatacommunityhealthcenterorhospitalclinic.(Tofindalocation,seeunder“FindHelp”,ortheFamiliesUSAWebsite,,under“ResourcesforConsumers”.)

Otherfactorstoconsiderarewhetherthedoctorhaseveningandweekendhours,whethertheofficeleavestimeopentoschedulesame-dayappointmentsforurgentcare,whetherwaitingtimesarereasonableandwhetherthedoctorisinsolopracticeoragrouppractice.(Someexpertssaythatgrouppracticestendtobemoreefficientandthatdoctorsingroupsaremorelikelytostayuptodateoncurrentmedicalpractice.)Ifthedoctoruseselectronicrecords,that’saplus,someexpertssay.

Onthecrucialquestionofwhetheryouarecomfortablewiththedoctoryou’vechosen,youwon’tknowthatuntilyoumeetwiththedoctor.Pediatricianswillusuallyagreetoaninterview;busyinternistsoftenwon’t.

6.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribesthemainideaofthepassage?

7.Inadditiontoagynecologist,womenaresupposedtoestablisharelationshipwithaninternistbecause____.

8.Fortheuninsured,expertssuggest____.

9.Expertsindicatethatifadoctoruseselectronicrecords,____.

10.StrategiesforgettinganappointmentwithadoctormoreeasilyincludeallEXCEPT____.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Primaryphysiciansusuallyhaveanetworkoftrustedspecialistsforreferrals.

B.Patientsoftenfinditaloteasiertogetanappointmentwhiletheyareingoodhealth.

C.Thepeopledonotneedtoestablisharelationshipwhiletheyareingoodhealth.

D.Strategiesareneededforgettinganappointmentwithacompetentdoctor.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.everyinternisthasanetworkoftrustedspecialistsforreferrals

B.someinternistsareonlytrainedincardiologyorrheumatology

C.theyhavearegularsourceofcare

D.theydonotoftenneedtogetanappointmentwithadoctor

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theyberesponsibleforthecostoflabtests,bloodwork,proceduresandmedication

B.theyreachsomeagreementwithadoctorforadjustedcoverageofcosts

C.theygotoacommunityhealthcenterorhospitalclinicforfreemedicalcare

D.theyvisittheFamiliesUSAWebsitetolocatefreehealthcare

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thedoctorshouldbeaprioritychoiceforpatients

B.thedoctormustbeextremelypopularamongpatients

C.patientsshouldgivethedoctorextracredits

D.theuninsuredmaybechargedmorethantheinsured

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.establishingarelationshipwithadoctorwhohaseveningandweekendhours

B.discoveringacomfortrelationshipwithadoctorthroughinterviews

C.stayinguninsuredforreducedchargesincommunityhealthcenters

D.findingadoctorinagrouppracticethatstaysuptodateoncurrentmedicalpractice

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】6.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribesthemainideaofthepassage?下面哪個(gè)陳述最好地表達(dá)了這篇文章的主要思想?

A.Primaryphysiciansusuallyhaveanetworkoftrustedspecialistsforreferrals.A.初級(jí)醫(yī)生

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