2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-國(guó)防科技大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)52

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-國(guó)防科技大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Marcyis______bystandardizedtests,butsheislearningtodealwithherfears.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.pondered

B.impoverished

C.disillusioned

D.intimidated

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)ponder“仔細(xì)考慮，衡量”，B項(xiàng)impoverish“使貧窮，使枯竭”，C項(xiàng)disillusion“使醒悟，使不再抱幻想”，D項(xiàng)intimidate“恐嚇，威脅”。根據(jù)后面的fears（恐懼）可知，D項(xiàng)正確。句意：瑪西被標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化考試嚇倒了，但她正在學(xué)習(xí)處理她的恐懼。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)。

2.單選題

Forsometimescientistshavebelievedthatcholesterol(膽固醇)playsamajorroleinheartdiseasebecausepeoplewithfamilialhypercholesterolemia,ageneticdefect,havesixtoeighttimesthenormallevelofcholesterolintheirbloodandtheyinvariablydevelopheartdisease.Thesepeoplelackcell-surfacereceptorsforlow-densitylipoproteins(LDL’s),whicharethefundamentalcarriersofbloodcholesteroltothebodycellsthatusecholesterol.Withoutanadequatenumberofcell-surfacereceptorstoremoveLDL’sfromtheblood,thecholesterol-carryingLDL’sremainintheblood,increasingbloodcholesterollevels.ScientistsalsonoticedthatpeoplewithfamilialhypercholesterolemiaappeartoproducemoreLDL’sthannormalindividuals.How,scientistswondered,couldageneticmutationthatcausesaslow-downintheremovalofLDL’sfromthebloodalsoresultinanincreaseinthesynthesisofthischolesterol-carryingprotein?

Sincescientistscouldnotexperimentonhumanbodytissue,theirknowledgeoffamilialhyper-cholesterolemiawasseverelylimited.However,abreakthroughcameinthelaboratoriesofYoshioWatanabeofKobeUniversityinJapanin1980.Watanabenoticedthatamalerabbitinhiscolonyhadtentimestothenormalconcentrationofcholesterolinitsblood.Byappropriatebreeding,Watanabeobtainedastrainofrabbitsthathadveryhighcholesterollevels.Theserabbitsspontaneouslydevelopedheartdisease.Tohissurprise,Watanabefurtherfoundthattherabbits,likehumanswithfamilialhypercholesterolemia,lackedLDLreceptors.This,scientistscouldstudytheseWatanaberabbitstogainabetterunderstandingoffamilialhypercholesterolemiainhumans.

PriortothebreakthroughatKobeUniversity,itwasknownthatLDL’saresecretedfromtheliverintheformofaprecursor,calledverylow-densitylipoproteins(VLDLs),whichcarrytriglyceridesaswellasrelativelysmallamountsofcholesterol.ThetriglyceridesareremovedfromtheVLDL’sbyfattyandothertissues.Whatremainsisaremnantparticlethatmustberemovedfromtheblood.WhatscientistslearnedbystudyingtheWatanaberabbitsisthattheremovaloftheVLDLremnantrequirestheLDLreceptor.Normally,themajorityoftheVLDLremnantsgototheliverwheretheybindtoLDLreceptorsandaredegraded.IntheWatanaberabbit,duetoalackofLDLreceptorsonlivercells,theVLDLremnantsremaininthebloodandareeventuallyconvertedtoLDL’s.TheLDLreceptorsthushaveadualeffectincontrollingLDLlevels.TheyarenecessarytopreventoversynthesisofLDL’sfromVLDLremnantsandtheyarenecessaryforthenormalremovalofLDLfromtheblood.Withthisknowledge,scientistsarenowwellonthewaytowarddevelopingdrugsthatdramaticallylowercholesterollevelsinpeopleafflictedwithcertainformsoffamilialhypercholesterolemia.

54.Inthepassage,theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith______.

55.Thepassagesuppliesinformationtoanswerwhichofthefollowingquestions?

56.ThepassageimpliesthatiftheWatanaberabbitshadhadasmanyLDLreceptorsontheirliversasdonormalrabbits,theWatanaberabbitswouldhavebeen______.

57.ThepassageimpliesthatWatanaberabbitsdifferfromnormalrabbitsinwhichofthefollowingways?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.presentingahypothesisanddescribingcompellingevidenceinsupportofit

B.raisingaquestionanddescribinganimportantdiscoverythatledtoananswer

C.showingthatacertaingeneticallycauseddiseasecanbetreatedeffectivelywithdrugs

D.explainingwhatcausesthegeneticmutationthatleadstoheartdisease

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Whichbodycellsaretheprimaryusersofcholesterol?

B.HowdidscientistsdiscoverthatLDL’saresecretedfromtheliverintheformofaprecursor?

C.WhereinthebodyareVLDLremnantsdegraded?

D.WhyareLDLsecretedfromtheliverintheformofaprecursor?

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.lesslikelythannormalrabbitstodevelopheartdisease

B.lesslikelythannormalrabbitstodevelophighconcentrationsofcholesterolintheirblood

C.lessusefulthantheyactuallyweretoscientistsinthestudyoffamilialhypercholesterolemiainhumans

D.unabletosecreteVLDLfromtheirlivers

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.WatanaberabbitshavemoreLDLreceptorsthandonormalrabbits.

B.ThebloodofWatanaberabbitscontainsmoreVLDLremnantsthandocsthebloodofnormalrabbits.

C.Watanaberabbitshavefewerfattyissuesthandonormalrabbits.

D.WatanaberabbitssecretelowerlevelsofVLDL’sthandonormalrabbits.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:B

【解析】54.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】中心主旨題。題干意思是“在這篇文章中，作者主要關(guān)注……”。通讀全文可知，文章第一段先是提出一個(gè)問題，即第一段最后一句How,scientistswondered,couldageneticmutationthatcausesaslow-downintheremovalofLDL’sfromthebloodalsoresultinanincreaseinthesynthesisofthischolesterol-carryingprotein?（科學(xué)家們想知道，一種導(dǎo)致血液中低密度脂蛋白清除速度減緩的基因突變，是如何導(dǎo)致這種攜帶膽固醇的蛋白質(zhì)的合成增加的呢？），接著作者就第一段的這個(gè)問題展開了論述，并詳細(xì)描述了能解決第一段提出的問題的重大發(fā)現(xiàn)，所以B項(xiàng)“提出一個(gè)問題，并描述一個(gè)導(dǎo)致答案的重要發(fā)現(xiàn)”正確。A項(xiàng)“提出一個(gè)假設(shè)，并描述有力的證據(jù)來支持它”中的hypothesis（假設(shè)）并不符合文意。C項(xiàng)“表明某種由基因引起的疾病可以用藥物有效治療”和D項(xiàng)“解釋導(dǎo)致心臟病的基因突變的原因”都只是其中的一部分內(nèi)容。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

55.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“這篇文章提供信息來回答以下哪個(gè)問題？”。文章最后一段詳細(xì)的描述了VLDL殘留物是如何產(chǎn)生以及肝臟是如何清除VLDL殘余物，第五句提到Normally,themajorityoftheVLDLremnantsgototheliverwheretheybindtoLDLreceptorsandaredegraded.（正常情況下，大多數(shù)VLDL殘?bào)w進(jìn)入肝臟，與LDL受體結(jié)合并被降解），所以文章提供信息回答了“VLDL殘留物在身體何處被降解”這個(gè)問題，故C項(xiàng)“VLDL殘留物在身體的何處被降解？”正確。A項(xiàng)“哪些細(xì)胞是膽固醇的主要使用者？”、B項(xiàng)“科學(xué)家是如何發(fā)現(xiàn)低密度脂蛋白以一種前體的形式從肝臟分泌出來的？”和D項(xiàng)“為什么LDL以前體的形式從肝臟分泌？”在文中都沒有相關(guān)信息解釋其原因。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

56.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“這篇文章暗示，如果渡邊兔的肝臟中有和正常兔子一樣多的低密度脂蛋白受體，渡邊兔可能……”。最后一段中提到WhatscientistslearnedbystudyingtheWatanaberabbitsisthattheremovaloftheVLDLremnantrequirestheLDLreceptor…IntheWatanaberabbit,duetoalackofLDLreceptorsonlivercells,theVLDLremnantsremaininthebloodandareeventuallyconvertedtoLDL’s….Withthisknowledge,scientistsarenowwellonthewaytowarddevelopingdrugsthatdramaticallylowercholesterollevelsinpeopleafflictedwithcertainformsoffamilialhypercholesterolemia.（通過研究渡邊兔，科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)清除VLDL殘余需要LDL受體……在渡邊兔體內(nèi)，由于肝細(xì)胞上缺乏低密度脂蛋白受體，VLDL殘留在血液中并最終轉(zhuǎn)化為低密度脂蛋白……有了這些知識(shí)，科學(xué)家們現(xiàn)在正在開發(fā)藥物，以顯著降低某些家族性高膽固醇血癥患者的膽固醇水平。），可知，渡邊兔因?yàn)槿狈DL受體所以它血液中的低密度脂蛋白會(huì)過多從而引起高膽固醇，這對(duì)科學(xué)研究有很大幫助，從而反推，如果渡邊兔的肝臟中有和正常兔子一樣多的低密度脂蛋白受體，那么它對(duì)科學(xué)研究來說沒什么意義，所以C項(xiàng)“在科學(xué)家對(duì)人類家族性高膽固醇血癥的研究中，它們實(shí)際上沒有那么有用”正確。A項(xiàng)“比正常兔子更不容易患心臟病”和B項(xiàng)“在它們的血液不太可能比正常的兔子發(fā)展高濃度的膽固醇”在文中沒有相關(guān)信息可以推斷。D項(xiàng)“無法從他們的肝臟分泌VLDL”，不管低密度脂蛋白受體的數(shù)量多少，肝臟都會(huì)分泌VLDL，所以D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

57.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題干意思是“這篇文章暗示渡邊兔在以下哪方面不同于正常的兔子？”。最后一段中提到Normally,themajorityoftheVLDLremnantsgototheliverwheretheybindtoLDLreceptorsandaredegraded.IntheWatanaberabbit,duetoalackofLDLreceptorsonlivercells,theVLDLremnantsremaininthebloodandareeventuallyconvertedtoLDL’s.（正常情況下，大多數(shù)VLDL殘?bào)w進(jìn)入肝臟，與LDL受體結(jié)合并被降解。在渡邊兔體內(nèi)，由于肝細(xì)胞上缺乏低密度脂蛋白受體，VLDL殘留在血液中并最終轉(zhuǎn)化為低密度脂蛋白。），可知渡邊兔由于缺乏低密度脂蛋白受體，所以不能降解VLDL，故VLDL殘留物會(huì)比正常兔子的多，B項(xiàng)“渡邊兔血液中VLDL殘留量比正常兔子血液多”正確。A項(xiàng)“渡邊兔比正常兔子有更多的LDL受體”，與文章表述相反，因此錯(cuò)誤。C項(xiàng)“渡邊兔的脂肪問題比正常兔子少”和D項(xiàng)“渡邊兔分泌的VLDL水平比正常兔子低”在文中沒有對(duì)它們的脂肪和分泌的VLDL水平進(jìn)行比較。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

TheIndianswereforcedtobuildtheirhutsalongthe______wind-sweptmountainside.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.desperate

B.fertile

C.desolate

D.feeble

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)desperate“不顧一切的，令人絕望的”，B項(xiàng)fertile“富饒的，肥沃的”，C項(xiàng)desolate“荒涼的，無人煙的”，D項(xiàng)feeble“微弱的，無力的”。由beforcedto（被迫）可知，空格處要填入一個(gè)貶義的詞語(yǔ)，B項(xiàng)排除；空格處修飾的詞語(yǔ)是mountainside（山坡），A項(xiàng)修飾人，所以排除；D項(xiàng)修飾“山坡”并不符合語(yǔ)境，所以C項(xiàng)正確。句意：印第安人被迫沿著荒涼的向風(fēng)山坡建造棚屋。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)。

4.單選題

Shestilllooksweakthoughherfeversubsidedaftershetooksomemedicine.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.caught

B.reduced

C.camedown

D.gotoff

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞義辨析。A項(xiàng)catch“抓住，感染”，B項(xiàng)reduce“減少，減小”，C項(xiàng)comedown“下來，降落，流傳下來”，D項(xiàng)getoff“動(dòng)身，免于受罰”。句意：她吃了藥后退燒了，但看起來還是很虛弱。Subside在句中表示“消退，減退”，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中意思與之相近的是C項(xiàng)。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)。

5.單選題

Shamsanddelusionsareesteemedforsoundesttruths,whilerealityisfabulous.Ifmenwouldsteadilyobserverealitiesonly,andnotallowthemselvestobedeluded,life,tocompareitwithsuchthingsasweknow,wouldbelikeafairytaleandtheArabianNights’Entertainments.Ifwererespectedonlywhatisinevitableandhasarighttobe,musicandpoetrywouldresoundalongthestreets.Whenweareunhurriedandwise,weperceivethatonlygreatandworthythingshaveanypermanentandabsoluteexistence—thatpettyfearsandpettypleasurearebuttheshadowofreality.Thisisalwaysexhilaratingandsublime.Byclosingtheeyesandslumbering,byconsentingtobedeceivedbyshows,menestablishandconfirmtheirdailylifeofroutineandhabiteverywhere,whichstillisbuiltonpurelyillusoryfoundation.Children,whoplaylife,discernitstruelawandrelationsmoreclearlythanmen,whofailtoliveworthily,butwhothinkthattheyarewiserbyexperience,thatis,byfailure.IhavereadinaHindoobook,that“therewasaking’sson,who,beingexpelledininfancyfromhisnativecity,wasbroughtupbyaforester,and,growinguptomaturityinthatstate,imaginedhimselftobelongtothebarbarousracewithwhichbelived.Oneofhisfather’sministershavingdiscoveredhim,revealedtohimwhathewas,andthemisconceptionofhischaracterwasremoved,andheknewhimselftobeaprince.Sosoul,fromthecircumstancesinwhichitisplaced,mistakesitsowncharacter,untilthetruthisrevealedtoitbysomeholyteacher,andthenitknowsitselftobeBrahme.”Wethinkthatthatiswhichappearstobe.Ifamanshouldgiveusanaccountoftherealitieshebeheld,weshouldnotrecognizetheplaceinhisdescription.Lookatameeting-house,oracourt-house,orajail,orashop.Oradwelling-house,andsaywhatthatthingreallyisbeforeatruegaze,andtheywouldallgotopiecesinyouraccountofthem.Menesteemtruthremote,intheoutskirtsofthesystem,behindthefartheststar,beforeAdamandafterthelastman.Ineternitythereisindeedsomethingtrueandsublime.Butallthesetimesandplacesandoccasionsarenowandhere.Godhimselfculminatesinthepresentmoment,andwillneverbemoredivineinthelapseofallages.Andweareenabledtoapprehendatallwhatissublimeandnobleonlybytheperpetualinstillinganddrenchingoftherealitythatsurroundsus.Theuniverseconstantlyandobedientlyanswerstoourconceptions;whetherwetravelfastorslow,thetrackislaidforus.Letusspendourlivesinconceivingthen.Thepoetortheartistneveryethadasfairandnobleadesignbutsomeofhisposterityatleastcouldaccomplishit.

39.Thewriter’sattitudetowardtheartsisoneof______.

40.Theauthorbelievesthatachild______.

41.Theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwithurgingthereaderto______.

42.Thepassageisprimarilyconcernedwithproblemof______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.admiration

B.indifference

C.suspicion

D.repulsion

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.shouldpracticewhattheHindoospreach.

B.frequentlyfacesvitalproblemsbetterthangrownupsdo.

C.hardlyeverknowshistrueorigin.

D.isincapableofappreciatingthearts.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.looktothefutureforenlightenment.

B.appraisethepresentforitstruevalue.

C.honorthewisdomofthepastages.

D.spendmoretimeinleisureactivities.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.historyandeconomics.

B.societyandpopulation.

C.biologyandphysics.

D.theologyandphilosophy.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:D

【解析】39.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】作者態(tài)度題。題干意思是“作者對(duì)藝術(shù)的態(tài)度是……”。文章第三句提到Ifwererespectedonlywhatisinevitableandhasarighttobe,musicandpoetrywouldresoundalongthestreets.（如果我們只尊重必然的東西，尊重有權(quán)威為必然的東西，那么音樂和詩(shī)歌會(huì)重新在街上唱誦）以及最后一句說到Thepoetortheartistneveryethadasfairandnobleadesignbutsomeofhisposterityatleastcouldaccomplishit.（雖然詩(shī)人或藝術(shù)家從來沒有如此美好和崇高的設(shè)想，但至少他的一些后代會(huì)達(dá)到這一步的），從這兩個(gè)句子我們可以知道作者把藝術(shù)看作是崇高和美好，而不是被蒙蔽的東西，所以A項(xiàng)“欽佩，贊賞”符合。B項(xiàng)“漠不關(guān)心”、C項(xiàng)“懷疑”和D項(xiàng)“反感，厭惡”都不準(zhǔn)確。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

40.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“作者相信一個(gè)孩子……”。第七句提到Children,whoplaylife,discernitstruelawandrelationsmoreclearlythanmen,whofailtoliveworthily…（孩子們游戲生活，卻比那些難以很好生活的成人們更能清楚的分辨出顯示生活的真正規(guī)律和聯(lián)系……），由此可知，對(duì)于生活中的困難和問題，作者相信孩子們能夠比成年人更好地去面對(duì)，故B項(xiàng)“常常比成年人更好地面對(duì)各種問題”符合題意。C項(xiàng)“幾乎不知道他的真實(shí)出身”，這是講的王子的事情，不是一般的孩子。A項(xiàng)“應(yīng)該實(shí)踐印度布道所宣揚(yáng)的東西”和D項(xiàng)“難以欣賞藝術(shù)”在文中沒有描述。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

41.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“作者主要關(guān)心的是敦促讀者……”。文章提到Ineternitythereisindeedsomethingtrueandsublime.Butallthesetimesandplacesandoccasionsarenowandhere.Godhimselfculminatesinthepresentmoment,andwillneverbemoredivineinthelapseofallages.Andweareenabledtoapprehendatallwhatissublimeandnobleonlybytheperpetualinstillinganddrenchingoftherealitythatsurroundsus.（永恒中，確實(shí)有真實(shí)和崇高的東西存在。但是所有這一切時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，機(jī)遇都是在此時(shí)此地。上帝本身在現(xiàn)時(shí)達(dá)到了頂峰。在今后流逝的歲月中，它絕不會(huì)更加神圣崇高。我們只有長(zhǎng)期不斷地灌輸和浸潤(rùn)在周圍現(xiàn)實(shí)之中，才能理解什么是崇高和神圣的東西。），由此可知，真實(shí)和崇高的東西都是存在于現(xiàn)在的，在今后的歲月中，絕對(duì)不會(huì)變得更加神圣和崇高，所以可推知，作者強(qiáng)調(diào)的是人們應(yīng)該珍惜現(xiàn)在，所以B項(xiàng)“珍視目前的真正價(jià)值”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“展望未來，尋求啟迪”與原文不符。C項(xiàng)“尊重過去的智慧”和D項(xiàng)“花更多的時(shí)間在休閑活動(dòng)上”沒提到。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

42.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】主旨大意題。題干意思是“這篇文章主要是關(guān)于……的問題”。通讀全文可知，文章整篇都在就真理和現(xiàn)實(shí)來展開論述，傳遞的內(nèi)容是哲學(xué)推理論說，所以D項(xiàng)“神學(xué)和哲學(xué)”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“歷史和經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)”、B項(xiàng)“社會(huì)和人口”和C項(xiàng)“生物學(xué)和物理學(xué)”都在文中找不到相關(guān)的信息。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Anelectricareisaluminouscurrentofelectricitythatleapsfromoneelectrodetoanother.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ludicrous

B.magnetic

C.flickering

D.glowing

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。Luminous“發(fā)光的；發(fā)亮的”。A項(xiàng)“不合理的；不能當(dāng)真的”，B項(xiàng)“磁性的；富有吸引力的”，C項(xiàng)“閃爍的”，D項(xiàng)“熱烈贊揚(yáng)的；熱情洋溢的”，因此選C。句意：電流是從一個(gè)電極跳到另一個(gè)電極的發(fā)光電流。

7.單選題

Abutterfly’swinghasmyriadtinyscales.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.prodigious

B.spectacular

C.countless

D.appalling

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)prodigious“驚人的，異常的，奇妙的”，B項(xiàng)spectacular“壯觀的，驚人的”，C項(xiàng)countless“無數(shù)的，數(shù)不盡的”，D項(xiàng)appalling“可怕的，令人震驚的”。句意：蝴蝶的翅膀上有無數(shù)細(xì)小的鱗片。根據(jù)句意可知，myriad在句中表示“無數(shù)的”，因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)。

8.單選題

Inourearthsciencelab,wehadtodeterminewhichfossilsweregenuineandwhichwere______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.spurious

B.insuperable

C.ominous

D.querulous

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)spurious“假的，偽造的”，B項(xiàng)insuperable“不能克服的，無敵的”，C項(xiàng)ominous“預(yù)兆的，不吉利的”，D項(xiàng)querulous“易怒的，暴躁的”。由determine（決定）和whichfossilsweregenuine（哪些化石是真的）可知，空格說是另外一個(gè)結(jié)果，跟“真的”對(duì)應(yīng)的是“假的”，A項(xiàng)符合。句意：在我們的地球科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)室，我們必須確定哪些化石是真的，哪些是假的。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)。

9.單選題

Itisfrequentlyassumedthatthemechanizationofworkhasarevolutionaryeffectonthelivesofthepeoplewhooperatethenewmachinesandonthesocietyintowhichthemachineshavebeenintroduced.Forexample,ithasbeensuggestedthattheemploymentofwomeninindustrytookthemoutofthehousehold,theirtraditionalsphere,andfundamentallyalteredtheirpositioninsociety.Inthenineteenthcentury,whenwomenbegantoenterfactories,JulesSimon,aFrenchpolitician,warnedthatbydoingso,womenwouldgiveuptheirfemininity.FriedrichEngels,however,predictedthatwomenwouldbeliberatedfromthe“social,legal,andeconomicsubordination”ofthefamilybytechnologicaldevelopmentsthatmadepossibletherecruitmentof“thewholefemalesexintopublicindustry.”O(jiān)bserversthusdifferedconcerningthesocialdesirabilityofmechanization’seffects,buttheyagreedthatitwouldtransformwomen’slives.

Historians,particularlythoseinvestigatingthehistoryofwomen,nowseriouslyquestionthisassumptionoftransformingpower.Theyconcludethatsuchdramatictechnologicalinnovationsasthespinningjenny,thesewingmachine,thetypewriterandthevacuumcleanerhavenotresultedinequallydramaticsocialchangesinwomen’seconomicpositionorintheprevailingevaluationofwomen’swork.TheemploymentofyoungwomenintextilemillsduringtheIndustrialRevolutionwaslargelyanextensionofanolderpatternofemploymentofyoung,singlewomenasdomestics.Itwasnotthechangeinofficetechnology,butrathertheseparationofsecretarialwork,previouslyseenasanapprenticeshipforbeginningmanagers,fromadministrativeworkthatinthe1880’screatedanewclassof“dead-end”jobs,thenceforthconsidered“women’swork.”Theincreaseinthenumbersofmarriedwomenemployedoutsidethehomeinthetwentiethcenturyhadlesstodowiththemechanizationofhouseworkandanincreaseinleisuretimeforthesewomenthanitdidwiththeirowneconomicnecessityandwithhighmarriageratesthatshranktheavailablepoolofsinglewomenworkers,previously,inmanycases,theonlywomenemployerswouldhire.

Women’sworkhaschangedconsiderablyinthepast200years,movingfromthehouseholdtotheofficeorthefactory,andlaterbecomingmostlywhite-collarinsteadofblue-collarwork.Fundamentally,however,theconditionsunderwhichwomenworkhavechangedlittlesincebeforetheIndustrialRevolution:thesegregationofoccupationsbygender,lowerpayforwomenasagroup,jobsthatrequirerelativelylowlevelsofskillandofferwomenlittleopportunityforadvancementallpersist,whilewomen'shouseholdlaborremainsdemanding.Recenthistoricalinvestigationhasledtoamajorrevisionofthenotionthattechnologyisalwaysinherentlyrevolutionaryinitseffectsonsociety.Mechanizationmayevenhaveslowedanychangeinthetraditionalpositionofwomenbothinthelabormarketandinthehome.

46.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestsummarizesthemainideaofthepassage?

47.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorwouldconsiderwhichofthefollowingtobeanindicationofafundamentalalterationintheconditionsofwomen’swork?

48.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutmanyemployersbeforethetwentiethcenturyisNOTimpliedinthepassage?

49.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthefunctionoftheconcludingsentenceofthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theeffectsofthemechanizationofwomen’sworkhavenotborneoutthefrequentlyheldassumptionthatnewtechnologyisinherentlyrevolutionary.

B.Recentstudieshaveshownthatmechanizationrevolutionizesasociety’straditionalvaluesandthecustomaryrolesofitsmembers.

C.Mechanizationhascausedthenatureofwomen’sworktochangesincetheIndustrialRevolution.

D.Themechanizationofwomen’swork,whileextremelyrevolutionaryinitseffects,hasnot,onthewhole,hadthedeleteriouseffectsthatsomecriticshadfeared.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Statisticsshowingthatthemajorityofwomennowoccupywhite-collarpositions.

B.Interviewswithmarriedmenindicatingthattheyarenowdoingsomehouseholdtasks.

C.Surveysofthelabormarketdocumentingtherecentcreationofanewclassofjobsinelectronicsinwhichwomenworkersoutnumbermenfourtoone.

D.Censusresultsshowingthatworkingwomen’swagesandsalariesare,ontheaverage,ashighasthoseofworkingmen.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theydidemploywomeninfactories200yearsago.

B.Theytendedtoemploysingleratherthanmarriedwomen.

C.Theyhiredwomenonlywhenqualifiedmenwerenotavailabletofilltheopenpositions.

D.Theyhiredwomentodomostofthewhite-collarwork.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Itsumsupthegeneralpointsconcerningthemechanizationofworkmadeinthepassageasawhole.

B.Itdrawsaconclusionconcerningtheeffectsofthemechanizationofworkwhichgoesbeyondtheevidencepresentedinthepassageasawhole.

C.Itrestatesthepointconcerningtechnologymadeinthesentenceimmediatelyprecedingit.

D.Itqualifiestheauthor’sagreementwithscholarswhoargueforamajorrevisionintheassessmentoftheimpactofmechanizationonsociety.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:B

【解析】46.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】主旨大意題。文章第一句Itisfrequentlyassumedthatthemechanizationofworkhasarevolutionaryeffectonthelivesofthepeople...（人們常常認(rèn)為，工作的機(jī)械化對(duì)操作新機(jī)器的人們的生活以及機(jī)器被引入的社會(huì)有著革命性的影響），提出了人們普遍認(rèn)同的一種觀點(diǎn)，認(rèn)為mechanization為人們的生活和社會(huì)帶來了revolutionaryeffect，而該段最后一句提出許多觀察者不同意這種見解；之后，文章以婦女所從事工作的轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槔?，進(jìn)一步論證最后得出結(jié)論：Mechanizationmayevenhaveslowedanychangeinthetraditionalpositionofwomenbothinthelabormarketandinthehome.（機(jī)械化甚至可能延緩了女性在勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)和家庭中的傳統(tǒng)地位的變化進(jìn)程）因此，選項(xiàng)A“現(xiàn)代化對(duì)婦女工作的影響證明，普遍認(rèn)同的新技術(shù)具有與生俱來的創(chuàng)新性這一說法站不住腳”最能概括文章的大意。B“最近的研究表明，機(jī)械化徹底改變了一個(gè)社會(huì)的傳統(tǒng)價(jià)值觀及其成員的習(xí)慣角色”和C“自工業(yè)革命以來，機(jī)械化使婦女工作的性質(zhì)發(fā)生了變化”兩項(xiàng)均與文章所持的觀點(diǎn)相左，而D項(xiàng)“婦女工作的機(jī)械化雖然在其效果上極為革命性，但總體上并沒有產(chǎn)生一些評(píng)論家所擔(dān)心的有害影響”只是文章提到的一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)，不能概括大意。

47.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干意為：根據(jù)文章可推斷作者把下列哪個(gè)看作是婦女工作條件發(fā)生根本轉(zhuǎn)變的一個(gè)標(biāo)志。文章第三段前半部分是說：在過去的200年里，婦女的工作發(fā)生了很大的變化，從家庭轉(zhuǎn)移到辦公室或工廠，后來主要成為白領(lǐng)而不是藍(lán)領(lǐng)。然而，從根本上說，自工業(yè)革命前以來，婦女工作的條件幾乎沒有改變：按性別劃分職業(yè)、婦女作為一個(gè)群體的工資較低、要求相對(duì)較低的技能水平和很少為婦女提供晉升機(jī)會(huì)的工作都持續(xù)存在，而婦女的家務(wù)勞動(dòng)仍然要求很高。據(jù)此，只有D項(xiàng)“人口普查結(jié)果顯示，職業(yè)婦女的工資和薪金平均與職業(yè)男子一樣高”，符合作者的意圖。A項(xiàng)“統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)顯示，現(xiàn)在大多數(shù)女性擔(dān)任白領(lǐng)職位”，B項(xiàng)“對(duì)已婚男性的采訪表明他們現(xiàn)在正在做一些家務(wù)”，C項(xiàng)“對(duì)勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)的調(diào)查，記錄了最近在電子行業(yè)創(chuàng)造了一類新的工作崗位，其中女性工人的數(shù)量比男性多4:1”，均是對(duì)文意的曲解。

48.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干：以下關(guān)于二十世紀(jì)以前許多雇主的陳述中，哪一個(gè)不是在文章中暗示的？C項(xiàng)“只有當(dāng)合格的男性無法填補(bǔ)空缺職位時(shí)，他們才雇用女性”，文中并未體現(xiàn)，當(dāng)選。第一段第三句Inthenineteenthcentury,whenwomenbegantoenterfactories（十九世紀(jì)，婦女開始進(jìn)入工廠），可知A項(xiàng)“在十九世紀(jì)，婦女開始進(jìn)入工廠”是正確的，不符合題意要求，排除；從第二段最后一句previously,inmanycases,theonlywomenemployerswouldhire（在這之前，在大多數(shù)情況下，單身女性是雇主唯一想雇傭的），可知B項(xiàng)“他們傾向于雇用單身婦女而不是已婚婦女”是正確的，排除；從第三段第一句Women’sworkhaschangedconsiderablyinthepast200years…,andlaterbecomingmostlywhite-collarinsteadofblue-collarwork（在過去的200年里，婦女的工作發(fā)生了很大的變化……，后來主要成為白領(lǐng)而不是藍(lán)領(lǐng)），由此可知，D項(xiàng)“他們雇用婦女來做大部分的白領(lǐng)工作”與文章內(nèi)容相符，排除。

49.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】主旨大意題。題干：以下哪一項(xiàng)最能描述文章結(jié)尾句的功能？找到文章結(jié)尾句Mechanizationmayevenhaveslowedanychangeinthetraditionalpositionofwomenbothinthelabormarketandinthehome.（機(jī)械化甚至可能延緩了婦女在勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)和家庭中傳統(tǒng)地位變化的進(jìn)程）。我們從第一段第一句就已經(jīng)知道關(guān)于勞動(dòng)機(jī)械化的一般觀點(diǎn)是：工作的機(jī)械化對(duì)操作新機(jī)器的人們的生活以及機(jī)器被引入的社會(huì)有著革命性的影響，所以結(jié)尾句與一般觀點(diǎn)不一致，因此A項(xiàng)“從整體上總結(jié)了文章中關(guān)于勞動(dòng)機(jī)械化的一般觀點(diǎn)”，錯(cuò)誤。B項(xiàng)“得出了一個(gè)結(jié)論，即工作機(jī)械化的影響超出了本文所提出的整體證據(jù)”，符合結(jié)尾句所要表達(dá)的意思；C項(xiàng)“它重申了它前面一句話中關(guān)于技術(shù)的觀點(diǎn)”，定位到它前一句話Recenthistoricalinvestigationhasledtoamajorrevisionofthenotionthattechnologyisalwaysinherentlyrevolutionaryinitseffectsonsociety（最近的歷史調(diào)查導(dǎo)致了一個(gè)重大的修正，即技術(shù)在其對(duì)社會(huì)的影響上總是具有內(nèi)在的革命性），此句是對(duì)主題句的復(fù)述，與末句不一致；D項(xiàng)“這證明了作者同意那些主張?jiān)跈C(jī)械化對(duì)社會(huì)影響的評(píng)估中進(jìn)行重大修訂的學(xué)者的觀點(diǎn)”，并不能從這一句話就知道作者同意那些學(xué)者的觀點(diǎn)。

10.單選題

Shewasyoungandbeautiful;hewasoldbutveryrich.Rumorssaidthather______tendencydrovehertomarryhim.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.avaricious

B.frugal

C.austere

D.penurious

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)avaricious“貪婪的，貪得無厭的”，B項(xiàng)frugal“節(jié)儉的，樸素的”，C項(xiàng)austere“嚴(yán)峻的，簡(jiǎn)樸的”，D項(xiàng)penurious“吝嗇的，缺乏的”。由rich可知，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有A項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。句意：她年輕美麗；他雖然老了，但很富有。有謠言說她的貪婪傾向驅(qū)使她嫁給了他。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)。

11.單選題

Codingschemesweredevelopedtoenableresearcherstocomparethedetailedfacialpositionsofindividualportionsofdieface(eyebrows,mouth,etc.)fordifferentemotions.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.systems

B.presentations

C.proposals

D.investigations

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)system“制度，體制，系統(tǒng)”，B項(xiàng)presentation“展示，描述，陳述”，C項(xiàng)proposal“提議，建議”，D項(xiàng)investigation“調(diào)查，調(diào)查研究”。句意：編碼方案的發(fā)展，使研究人員能夠比較不同情緒下模具面部各個(gè)部分（眉毛、嘴巴等）的詳細(xì)面部位置。schemes在句中表示“計(jì)劃、方案”，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中意思與之相近的是A項(xiàng)。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)。

12.單選題

TheFBIkeptthehouseunderconstant______inthehopeofcapturingallthecriminalsatonetime.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.cessation

B.surveillance

C.guidance

D.supervision

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)cessation表示“停止，中止”，B項(xiàng)surveillance表示“監(jiān)督，（對(duì)犯罪嫌疑人或可能發(fā)生犯罪的地方的）監(jiān)視”，C項(xiàng)guidance表示“指導(dǎo)，引導(dǎo)”，D項(xiàng)supervision表示“監(jiān)督，管理”，指活動(dòng)或行動(dòng)過程中的監(jiān)督，尤指批判性地指導(dǎo)。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞FBI（聯(lián)邦調(diào)查局）和criminals（罪犯）可知，“監(jiān)視”符合語(yǔ)境。句意：聯(lián)邦調(diào)查局不斷監(jiān)視這所房子，希望能一次性抓獲所有罪犯。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Manyareuninhabitable,byvirtueoftheirsmallsizeandparticularcharacteristics,buteventhemostfavoredareveryisolatedfragmentsofland,strictlycircumscribedbytheocean,strictlylimitedintermsofthenumbersofpeopletheycansupport.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.located

B.flooded

C.restricted

D.pushed

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)locate“位，查找……的地點(diǎn)”，B項(xiàng)flood“淹沒，泛濫，充滿”，C項(xiàng)restrict“限制，約束，限定”，D項(xiàng)push“推動(dòng)，增加”。句意：由于面積小和特殊的特點(diǎn)，許多島嶼無法居住，但即使是最受歡迎的島嶼也是非常孤立的陸地碎片，受到海洋的嚴(yán)格限制，能夠養(yǎng)活的人口數(shù)量也受到嚴(yán)格限制。circumscribe在句中表示“限制”。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)。

14.單選題

Somerobotsmay______applythesetechniquestoinstallanewnetworkthereinthenearfuture.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.conceivably

B.unbelievable

C.unimaginably

D.unthinkably

【答案】C

【解析】考查副詞辨析。A項(xiàng)conceivably“可以想象的是，可以想得到的是”，B項(xiàng)unbelievable“難以置信的，不可信的”，C項(xiàng)unimaginably“難以想象地”，D項(xiàng)unthinkably“無法接受地”。句子的意思是“在不久的將來，一些機(jī)器人可能會(huì)應(yīng)用這些技術(shù)來安裝一個(gè)新的網(wǎng)絡(luò)”，那么由此可知，這種情況是“不敢想象地”，C項(xiàng)符合。句意：在不久的將來，一些機(jī)器人可能會(huì)意想不到地應(yīng)用這些技術(shù)來安裝一個(gè)新的網(wǎng)絡(luò)。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)。

15.單選題

Aspoliticalfanatic,hehasfoughtwithrevolutionariesallovertheworld.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.incumbent

B.candidate

C.zealot

D.jealousy

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)incumbent“在職者，現(xiàn)任者”，B項(xiàng)candidate“候選人，候補(bǔ)者”，C項(xiàng)zealot“狂熱者，猶太教狂熱信徒”，D項(xiàng)jealousy“嫉妒，猜忌”。句意：作為一個(gè)政治狂熱分子，他曾與世界各地的革命者斗爭(zhēng)過。根據(jù)句意可知，fanatic在句中表示“狂熱分子”。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)。

16.單選題

Donotbearmalicetowardhim;heisreallyagoodmanbynature.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.malignancy

B.hospitality

C.meticulousness

D.mischievousness

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)malignancy“惡性（腫瘤等），惡意”，B項(xiàng)hospitality“好客，殷勤”，C項(xiàng)meticulousness“謹(jǐn)小慎微”，D項(xiàng)mischievousness“惡作劇”。句意：你們不可對(duì)他懷惡意，他真是一個(gè)本性善良的人。根據(jù)句意可知，malice在句中表示“惡意”。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)。

17.單選題

Heisas_____apoliticianasyoucanfindanywhere.There’snotahintofscandalinhislongcareer.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.scrupulous

B.voracious

C.epicurean

D.profuse

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)“一絲不茍的；審慎正直的”，B項(xiàng)“貪吃的；渴求的”，C項(xiàng)“享樂的；吃喝玩樂的”，D項(xiàng)“大量的；慷慨的”，根據(jù)后一句“在他漫長(zhǎng)的職業(yè)生涯中沒有一絲丑聞”，故選A。

18.單選題

ThedifferencebetweenthepolarandequatorialdiametersofMarshasnotbeenunequivocallydetermined.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.definitely

B.arithmetically

C.polemically

D.copiously

【答案】A

【解析】考查副詞辨析。題干unequivocally“明確地，毫不含糊地”。A項(xiàng)“確切地，明確地”，B項(xiàng)“算術(shù)上”，C項(xiàng)“爭(zhēng)論地”，D項(xiàng)“豐富地；充裕地”。所以選A。句意：尚未明確確定火星的極地直徑與赤道直徑之間的差異。

19.單選題

Simplysurvivingthoseoceancrossingsofindeterminatelength,inopencanoes,toarriveontheshoresofuninhabitedandhithertounknownislands,wasaformidableachievement.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.undecided

B.uncertain

C.unacceptable

D.increasing

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)undecided“未定的，未決定的”，B項(xiàng)uncertain“無把握的，多變的，不確定的”，C項(xiàng)unacceptable“不能接受的，不受歡迎的”，D項(xiàng)increasing“越來越多的，漸增的”。句意：僅僅是乘著獨(dú)木舟在漫長(zhǎng)的海上航行中幸存下來，到達(dá)無人居住的、無人知道的島嶼的海岸，就是一項(xiàng)了不起的成就。indeterminate在句中表示“不確定的”，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中意思與之相近的是B項(xiàng)。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

20.單選題

Fewpeoplestill______lawyersandpoliticiansmerelybecauseofthepositionstheyhold.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.venerate

B.revere

C.acclaim

D.accolade

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)venerate“崇敬，尊敬”，尤指對(duì)被認(rèn)為神圣或重要的人或事物表示尊敬、崇敬；B項(xiàng)revere“敬畏，尊敬”，指對(duì)某人或某事物極為尊敬或欽佩；C項(xiàng)acclaim“稱贊，為……喝彩”，D項(xiàng)accolade為名詞，表示“贊揚(yáng)，表?yè)P(yáng)”。根據(jù)句子可知，空格處需要填入一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，D項(xiàng)排除。根據(jù)句子意思“很少人仍然……律師和政治家，僅僅因?yàn)樗麄兯鶕碛械穆毼弧笨芍?，空格處填入“尊敬”符合，只有B項(xiàng)正確。句意：現(xiàn)在很少有人僅僅因?yàn)槁蓭熀驼偷穆毼欢鹁此麄?。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

21.單選題

Mostpeoplewouldbe(31)bythehighqualityofmedicine(32)tomostAmericans.Thereisalotofspecialization,agreatdealof(33)totheindividual,a(34)amountofadvancedtechnicalequipment,and(35)effortnottomakemistakesbecauseofthefinancialriskwhichdoctorsandhospitalsmust(36)inthecourtsiftheyhandlethingsbadly.

ButtheAmericansareinamess.Theproblemisthewayin(37)healthcareisorganizedandfinanced.(38)topublicbeliefitisnotjustafreecompetitionsystem.Totheprivatesystemhasbeenjoinedalargepublicsystem,becauseprivatecarewassimplynot(39)thelessfortunateandtheelderly.

Butevenwiththishugepublicpartofthesystem,whichthisyearwilleatup84.5billiondollars—morethan10percentoftheU.S.Budget—largenumberofAmericansareleft(40).Theseincludeabouthalft