新視野大學(xué)英語第三版第三冊第五單元教案

Unit5book3-3rdUnit5WhenworkisapleasureSectionAWillyoubeaworkeroralaborer?Inmodernsociety,thenatureofworkisrapidlychanging.Mostpeopleworkhard,buttwopeopleinverysimilarjobsmayhaveverydifferentexperiences.Onemayenjoyhisworkwhiletheothermayfindtheworkdifficultandtiring.Whatdoyouthinkcreatessuchastrikingdifferenceinjobsatisfaction?Findtheanswerfromthetexts.Bytheendofthisunityouareexpectedtomakeareportonthefollowingtopic:HappinessatworkLead-in:1)shortanswerquestions:Whatdoyoupayspecialattentiontowhenlookingforinajob?HighsalaryandattractivebenefitsBrightfutureofcareergrowthLessworkpressureFlexibleworkingtimeAchievementofself-realization…Whatdoesworkmeantoyou?JustmeansoflivingMeasuredintermsofsocialstatusRealizationofone’sdreamSelf-improvement…Lead-in:2)Watching&DiscussingQ1:DoyouthinkAndyaqualifiedprofessionalexperienceworkingwithkidsgoodatcookingandhouseworkanutritionistandafitnessinstructorsmart,active,humorous,caring,attentive,responsiblegreatenthusiasmtohisjobQ2:Whatdoyouthinkpeoplewillchoose:alow-paidjobonelikes,oraboringwell-paidjob?Ithinkmanypeopleprefertofindajobthattheyreallylike.Afterall,mostpeoplewanttoenjoythemselvesratherthanhaveplentyofmoneywithoutasenseofachievementandhappiness.Ontheotherhand,somepeoplemaychooseawell-paidjobinsteadofajobclosetotheirheartstoearnmoremoney.Ifoneisinseriousfinancialdifficulty,onecanhardlyaffordtheluxuryofadreamjob.Pre-readingactivities:Ajob-relatedsurveyYouwillfind10typicaljobcharacteristicsbelow,whichmayormaynotbeimportanttoyouwhenyouchooseyourfuturejoborcareer.Readthestatementsandwritedownthenumberthatrepresentsyouropinion.Thenworkinpairsandcompareyouranswers.1=disagreecompletely2=agreealittle3=agreetosome4=mostlyagree5=agreecompletelyWhenexploringajob,itisimportantformetoknow…1.thechanceofadvancingtoahigherposition2.howmuchthejobpays3.howmuchresponsibilitythejobinvolves4.thestresslevelofthejob5.thelocationoftheofficebuilding6.theworkconditions7.whetherthejobrequiresunusualworkhours8.theamountoftravelrequired9.whetherthejobfitsmypersonality10.whetherpeopleconsidertheprestigiousDiscussthefollowingquestionwithyourpartner.Whatarethethreemostimportantfactorswhenyouchooseajob?Referenceanswers：Therearemanythingstoconsiderwhenpeoplearechoosingacareer.Butforme,thefollowingthreefactorsaffectmychoicemost.First,thejobmustfitmypersonality.Ibelievethatcertainoccupationsaremoresuitableforparticularpersonalitytypesthanothers.Ifthejobreallyfitsmypersonality,Iwillbemorelikelytobesuccessfulandenjoyworking.Second,howmuchthejobpays.ItisunderstandablethatifIwanttoliveanadequatelife,Ineedtomakeenoughmoneytosupportthatkindoflife.Finally,thelocationoftheofficebuildingisalsoanimportantfactorinchoosingacareerforIdon’tlikeajoblocatedfarawayfrommyhome,becauseitrequiresextracommutetimeandwillsurelyreducethetimewithmyfamily.TrytotranslatethisletterofresignationintoEnglish.Whatdidshemeaninthisletter?Sheprobablymeantthatshewouldtaketimetotrulyfeelbeautyoflifeandtheworld.Whydoyouthinkshequittedherjob?Thereasonsofherresignationvary.Itcanbecausedexcessiveworkload,unfairtreatmentorherdesireforfreedom.BackgroundInformationContinuingEducationContinuingeducation(similartofurthereducationintheUnitedKingdomandIreland)isanall- encompassingtermwithinbroadlistofpost-secondarylearningactivitiesandprograms.ThetermisusedmainlyintheUnitedStatesandpartsofCanada.Recognizedformsofpost-secondarylearningactivitieswithinthedomaininclude:degreecreditcoursesbynon-traditionalstudents,non-degreecareertraining,workforcetraining,formalpersonalenrichmentcourses(bothon-campusandonline),self-directedlearning(suchasthroughInternetinterestgroups,clubsorpersonalresearchactivities)andexperientiallearningasappliedtoproblemsolving.ExperientialLearningExperientiallearningistheprocessofmakingmeaningfromdirectexperience.Itislearningthroughreflectionondoing,whichisoftencontrastedwithroteExperientiallearningfocusesonthelearningprocessfortheindividual.Anexampleofexperientiallearningisgoingtothezooandlearningthroughobservationandinteractionwiththezooenvironment,asopposedtoreadingaboutanimalsfromabook.Thus,onemakesdiscoveriesandexperimentswithknowledgefirsthand,insteadofhearingorreadingaboutothers’experiences.DiscussionHowdoestechnologychangepeople’sworkandlife?Sincethedawnoftime,humanshavedevelopedtoolsandtechnologytoassistinthepursuitoftheirgoals.Largeshiftsintechnologyhaveresultedinlargeshiftsinsocialstructures,andinhowindividualsbothcontributetosocietyandmakealiving.Today,advancesintechnologyarerapidlymakingitpossibletoautomatemuchoftheworkcurrentlycarriedoutbyhumans.Thisappliesnotonlytoblue-collarjobsthroughroboticsandtheInternetofThings,butalsotowhite-collarworkthroughartificialintelligence.Thewideapplicabilityofthesetechnologiesledtobroadconcernaboutthedestructionofjobs.Indeed,accordingtoa2014Oxfordstudy,47%ofjobsintheUScouldbereplacedbyautomatedprocessesinthenexttwodecades.Ofcourse,whiletechnologyhasalwaysremovedtheneedforsometypesofjobs,asmanyhavenoticed,italsocreatesnewones.Nineofthetoptenmostin-demandjobsinthelatestyearsdidnotexistin2003,suggestingthatthelatesttechnologicalrevolutioniscreatingnewemploymentopportunities.Ontheotherhand,peopleareworkingharderandaremoreenslavedtotheirworkthanbefore.MorepeopleareseenwalkingaroundwithlaptopsorThey’rebecomingslavestohightechnology.Soit’snotbutkindofhigh-shacklesorhigh-manacles.Unfortunately,there’snoescape.Howcanyoufosterloveforyourwork?Ingeneral,itishardtofosterloveforyourwork,especiallyifyougetboredwithyourworkorifyoudonotfeelappreciated.Soifyoufindithardtolovewhatyoudo,thereareseveralwaysforyoutodevelopamorepositiveattitudetowardswork.Withtimeandeffort,youmaystarttofindthatyouarelookingforwardtoworkratherthandreadingit.Step1:Changethewayyouwork.Whenworkbecomesmundane,itcanfeelmoredifficulttoface.Inthesesituations,itmightbehelpfultochangeyourapproach.Thisissometimescalledjobenrichment.Step2:Focusonthepositiveaspectsofyourjob.Ifyouarenotenjoyingyourjob,youusuallytendtofocusyourmindonallofthenegativeaspectsofit.Toreversethetrend,youneedtoidentifywhatyoulikeaboutyourjobandstartfocusingonthosepositiveaspectsinstead.Step3:Practicegratitude.Ifyouhavenegativethoughtsaboutgoingtoworkeachday,trykeepingalistofthethingsthatyouaregratefulfor.Practicinggratitudecanhelpyoutofeelhappieroverallandmayalsohelpyouseeyourjobinamorepositivelight.Step4:Lookatthebigpicture.Sometimesworkmaybecomeachoreiflittlethingsstarttobotheryoumorethantheyshould.Ifyoufindyourselffocusingonminorissuesatwork,suchasarudecustomerormakingamistake,remindyourselfthatthesearenotimportantinthegrandschemeofthings.Step5:Improveotherpartsofyourlife.Sometimesajobcanbemoredifficulttoengagewithwhenotherpartsofyourlifeareoutofbalance.Considerotheraspectsofyourlifethatmightbemakingyouunhappy.Newwords:degrade[d??ɡre?d] v.toshowortreatsbinawaythatmakesthemseemnotworthanyrespect降低…身份;侮辱…的人格;使受屈辱;(使)退化，降解;分解;降低，削弱(尤指質(zhì)量)Adishonestactionlikethatwilldegradeyou.像這樣不誠實的行為會使你降低身份。Thissubstancedegradesrapidlyinthe這種物質(zhì)在土壤里會迅速降解。grad(i)=step,degree,towalk步；度,級；走Degradev.降級；退化Graden.等級；階級Downgradev.貶低，降低Centigradeadj.百分度的Gradationn.(formal)逐漸的變化；層次；階段；等級thegradationsonathermometer溫度計上的刻度gradationsofcolour各種層次的顏色Gradualadj.逐步的Graduatev./n.畢業(yè)；分級gradu〔=grad〕步；度，級；走+ate使…→完成所有步驟→畢業(yè)Retrogradev.退步；墮落retro向后+grad步；度，級；走+e→向后走→退步Retrospect[?retr?spekt] 回顧，回想adverse[??dv??s]adj.negativeandunpleasant;notlikelytoproduceagoodresult不利的;有害的;反面的adversechange/circumstances/weatherconditions不利的變動；逆境；惡劣天氣Lackofmoneywillhaveanadverseeffectonourresearchprogramme.缺少資金將對我們的研究方案有不利影響。Thisdrugisknowntohaveadversesideeffects.眾所周知，這種藥具有不良副作用。Adversity [?d?v??s?ti] n.困境逆境conform[k?n?f??m] v.tobehaveandthinkinthesamewayasmostotherpeopleinagrouporsociety();;(相一致相符合;相吻合記憶技巧：conform→→使一致Herefusedtoconformtothelocalcustoms.他拒絕遵從當(dāng)?shù)氐娘L(fēng)俗習(xí)慣。conformto/withsth:toobeyarule,law,etc.遵守，遵從，服從（規(guī)則、法律等）Thebuildingdoesnotconformwithsafetyregulations.這座建筑物不符合安全條例。Itdidnotconformtotheusualstereotypeofanindustrialcity.這和一座常規(guī)的工業(yè)城市那種千篇一律的格局不一樣。form=toform,shap形成；形狀,Conformv.使一致；遵從Performv.執(zhí)行（任務(wù)）；表演performInformInformativeReformTransformvn.FormationFormulatevMultiformDeformv.使殘廢；變形Polar[p l(r)]a.1usedtodescribesththatisthecompleteoppositeofsthelseTheparents'positionisoftenthepolaroppositeofthechild's.父母的觀點常與孩子的完全相反Inmanyways,BrettandBernardarepolaropposites.在許多方面，布雷特和伯納德截然不同。pastime[pɑstam] n.somethingthatyouenjoydoingwhenyouaregBaseballisthenationalIenjoywatchingTVmorethananyotherpastime.我喜歡看電視超過了別的消遣方式。hobbypastimepursui【導(dǎo)航詞義：愛好，消遣】hobbyn.業(yè)余愛好，嗜好——指某人喜愛的一種業(yè)余活動，含長期持續(xù)之意。MyhobbyisphotograppastimenGardeningisaveryrewardingpursuitFishingisoneofmypursuits.釣魚是我的消遣之一。Herchildhoodpursuitsweredrawingandcycling.她兒時最大的愛好是繪畫和騎自行車。d] v.totakeplaceatthee記憶技巧：coin使cide→→巧合Herstorycoincidedexactlywithherbrother's.她和她兄弟所講的完全一致。Theexhibitioncoincideswiththe50thanniversaryofhisdeath.展覽恰好在他逝世50周年之際舉行。Ourinterestscoincidewithourclients.我們的利益與客戶是一致的。cid=fall，表示落下，降臨”coincide 巧合；同時發(fā)生coincidence [k????ns?d?ns] n.巧accidentn.事故accidental偶然的incident n.偶然事occident['?ks?d?nt]西方（oc使＋cid落＋ent→使〔太陽〕落下→西方）designate[?dez?ɡne?t] v.命名;;();標(biāo)明標(biāo)示記憶技巧：de使signate使…→→指示adesignatednaturereserve指定的自然保護區(qū)designatedseatsfortheelderly老人專座Thisareahasbeendesignated(as)aNationalPark.本區(qū)已定為國家公園。Thisfloorhasbeendesignatedano-smokingarea.這樓層已定為無煙區(qū)。ThedifferenttypesaredesignatedbythelettersA,BandC.不同的類型分別用字母A、B和C標(biāo)明。appointdesignatenamenominate【導(dǎo)航詞義：任命，委派】appointv.as常將其省略。Shewasappointed(as)postmasterofthecityofYork.她被任命為約克市郵政局局長。Weappointedhimtothecommittee.我們委派他為委員會成員。designatev.選定，指派——通常指為某項工作或某個目的而任命，多用被動語態(tài)。Shewasdesignatedtotakeoverthepositionoftreasurer.她被選派接任財務(wù)主管的職務(wù)。namev.as但現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常將其省略。Thepresidentnamedher(as)SecretaryoftheState.總統(tǒng)任命她為國務(wù)卿。Attheageof30,shewasnamedtothecommitteebythechairman.她30歲的時候被主席選入該委員會。nominatev.提名；任命，指派——既可指提出人選，由有決策權(quán)的人定奪，也可指直接委任，常后接介詞as/to。NextmonthMr.SmithwillretireandMr.Brownwillbenominatedashisreplacement.下月史密斯先生退休，布朗先生將獲任命接替他的職位。Shewasnominatedtothecommittee.她被任命為委員會委員。Correlate [?k?r?l?t?k?r?le?t] v.;n.Ahigh-fatdietcorrelateswithagreaterriskofheartdisease.高脂肪飲食與增加心臟病發(fā)作的風(fēng)險密切相關(guān)。Researchersaretryingtocorrelatethetwosetsoffigures.研究人員正試圖展示這兩組數(shù)字的相關(guān)性。esteem[??sti?m] n.(formal)greatrespectandadmiration尊重;;尊重;敬重;…看作;認為Sheisheldinhighesteembyhercolleagues.她深受同事的敬重。Pleaseacceptthissmallgiftasatokenofouresteem.小小禮物，聊表敬意，請笑納。Igreatlyesteemyourmessageinthemidstofourhardstruggle.您在我們奮力抗?fàn)帟r發(fā)來的電文讓我充滿了敬意。respect esteem【導(dǎo)航詞義：尊敬，尊重】respectn.尊敬，敬重——指對他人的品質(zhì)、學(xué)識或技藝的欽佩。Herkindnesshasearnedtherespectofherneighbours.她的善良贏得了鄰居的尊敬。Allhiscolleagueshavethegreatestrespectforhiswork.他的同事非常欽佩他的工作能力。esteemn.尊敬，敬重——較正式用詞，含贊賞、仰慕之意。Thereadersheldthiswriteringreatesteem.讀者都對這位作家十分敬重。Therehasbeenadropinpublicesteemforteachers.公眾對教師的尊重程度有所下降。prone[pr??n] adj.易于遭受;();to或動詞不定式。Forallherexperience,shewasstillpronetonerves.盡管有經(jīng)驗，她還是容易緊張。Peoplewithfairskinwhosunburneasilyareverypronetodevelopskincancer.皮膚白皙容易曬傷的人極易患皮膚癌。pronenessn.foster[?f?st?(r)] v.toencouragesthtodevelop促進助長;;鼓勵(他人)adj.與某些代養(yǎng)有關(guān)的名詞連用Wefosterandencourageemployeestogoallouttoworkforcustomers.培養(yǎng)和激勵員工全力以赴，為客戶而努力工作。afostermother/father/family代養(yǎng)母/父；代養(yǎng)的家庭fosterparents代養(yǎng)父母afosterchild代養(yǎng)子afosterhome寄養(yǎng)家庭fostercare寄養(yǎng)照管innovation[??n??ve??n] n.();創(chuàng)新;;;anageoftechnologicalinnovation技術(shù)革新的時代nov=new新的Innovatev.革新Innovationn.（制度等）革新Innovativeadj.創(chuàng)新的Noveln.adj.Noveltyn.新奇事情Renovatev.renovate…→→翻新Renovationn.翻新medieval[?medi?i?vl] adjconnectedwiththeMiddleAges(aboutAD1000toAD中世紀(jì)的(10001450年)medievalarchitecture/castles/manuscripts中世紀(jì)的建筑/城堡/手稿theliteratureofthelatemedievalperiod中世紀(jì)后期的文學(xué)refrain[r??fre?n] v.;節(jié)制;避免Refrain(fromsth/fromdoingsth):(formal)tostopyourselffromdoingsth,especiallysththatyouwanttodoHehasrefrainedfromcriticizingthegovernmentinpublic.他克制住了自己，沒有在公開場合批評政府。Refrainrestrain【導(dǎo)航詞義：阻止】refrainv.[正式]克制，抑制——指忍住不做某事，常后接介詞from。Herefrainedfromsmoking.他忍住不吸煙。Forlosingweight,sherefrainedfromeatingchocolateaftersupper.為了減肥，她強忍著在晚飯后不吃巧克力。restrainv.行為或控制、限制某事物。Thesuspecthadtoberestrainedbythepolice.Herestrainedafeelingofannoyance,althoughhisgirlfriendwaslateagain.盡管女朋友又一次遲到，他還是忍住沒發(fā)脾氣。extravagant[?k?str?v?ɡ?nt] spendingalotmoremoneyorusingalotmoreofsththanyoucanaffordorthanisnecessaryadj.;;;不切實際的記憶技巧：extra超過+vag走+ant…的→漫游過多→奢侈的Ifeltveryextravagantspending￡1000onadress.我覺得花1000英鎊買一條連衣裙太奢侈了。Theyhavetocompetebyadorningtheirproductswithevermoreextravagantclaims.他們不得不通過更加離譜地吹捧自己的產(chǎn)品來進行競爭。adorning??d??n??] v.;裝扮array??re?]n.大堆;大量;;布置;排列;()Therewasanimpressivearrayofpillbottlesstackedontopofthefridge冰箱上顯眼地擺放著許多藥瓶。Thestorehadquiteanarrayofleathershoesinstock.這個商店有相當(dāng)一批皮鞋現(xiàn)貨。broad/vast/widearray廣泛多樣arrayofsomething某物的陳列hurl[h??l] v.tothrowsth/sbviolentlyinaparticulardirection 猛扔;;猛摔(tovomit嘔吐Hehurledabrickthroughthewindow.他往窗戶里扔了塊磚。Rivalfanshurledabuseateachother.兩幫對立的球迷相互高聲辱罵。Groupsofangryyouthshurledstonesatpolice成群結(jié)伙憤怒的年輕人朝警察投擲石塊。suffice[s??fa?s]v.(formal)(notusedintheprogressivetenses tobeenoughsb/sth足夠;足以記憶技巧：suf下+fic做，制作+e→在下面提前做好→使?jié)M足Oneexamplewillsufficetoillustratethepoint.舉一個例子就足以說明這一點。suffice(it)tosay(that)…無須多說；只需說…就夠了Sufficeittosaythatafterwardswenevermetagain簡單地說，此后我們再也沒有見過面。Sufficetosay,itwasmorethanacoupleofyearsago!我只想說，那是幾年前的事了！apt[?pt] adj. 1）suitableorappropriateinthecircumstances恰當(dāng)?shù)?適當(dāng)?shù)?aparticularlyaptdescription/name/comment特別恰當(dāng)?shù)拿枋?名字/評論2）~tobe…|~todosth：likelyorhavinganaturaltendencytodosth易于…；有…傾向apttobeforgetful/carelessBabiesareapttoputobjectsintotheirmouths.嬰兒愛把東西往嘴里塞。易于…;有…傾向;天資聰穎的人Thistypeofweatherisapttobemorecommoninwinter.這種天氣在冬季往往更為常見。Peopleareapttoconfusethetwoissues.人們?nèi)菀装堰@兩個問題混淆起來。aptliablelikelyprone【導(dǎo)航詞義：易于…的】aptadj.易于…的，有…傾向的——指天生具有做某事的傾向的，常后接動詞不定式。Ironisapttorust.鐵容易生銹。Jackisapttobeimpulsive.杰克易于沖動。liableadj.易to。Thedogisliabletobitewhenangry.這只狗生氣時容易咬人。Thisareaisliabletoflooding.該地區(qū)易遭受水災(zāi)。Heisliabletocatchacold.他易患感冒。likelyadj.可能的指可能發(fā)生或?qū)賹嵉?，強調(diào)可能性。Rainshowersarelikelytomorrow.明天可能有陣雨。Whatisthemostlikelycauseoftheproblem?造成這個問題最有可能的原因是什么？proneadj.有…傾向的，易于…的——尤指有發(fā)生不好或有害之事傾向的，通常作表語，常后接介詞to或動詞不定式。Heispronetobe/beinglate.他容易遲到。Mymotherispronetoheadaches.我母親經(jīng)常頭痛。Kidsaremostlypronetoeatjunkfood.孩子大多喜歡吃垃圾食品。apt,ept=tofit,abilityAptadj.有傾向的；適當(dāng)?shù)腎naptadj.不適當(dāng)?shù)?；不恰?dāng)?shù)腁ptituden.適宜；才能apt適應(yīng)；能力+itude狀態(tài)→適宜；才能Adaptv.使適應(yīng)，適應(yīng)（環(huán)境）ad加強+apt適應(yīng)；能力→使適應(yīng)，適應(yīng)（環(huán)境）Adeptadj.熟練的，老練的n.能手，內(nèi)行Ineptadj.英[??nept] adj.缺乏技巧;無能;笨拙的Ineptituden.無能simultaneous[?s?ml?te?ni?s] adj.happeningordoneatthesametimeassthelse同時發(fā)生(或進行)的;同步的n.同時譯員Therewereseveralsimultaneousattacksbytherebels.反叛者同時發(fā)動了幾起攻擊。simultaneoustranslation/interpreting同聲傳譯Thesimultaneousinterpreterneedslotsofintelligenceandknowledge.同時通譯者需要許多的智慧和知識。Contend [k?n?tend] v.(formal)tosaythatsthistrueespeciallyinanargument(尤指在爭論中);記憶技巧：con共同+tend伸展→一起伸展〔個人觀點〕→爭論Theycontendthatthecompanyfailedtodisclosematerialinformation.他們堅持認為該公司并未透露實質(zhì)性的信息。Contend (forsth)：tocompeteagainstsbinordertogainsthThreearmedgroupswerecontendingforpower.三個武裝集團在爭奪權(quán)力。Unit5 TextAWillyoubeaworkeroralaborer?Tobetrulyhappy,apersonmustfeelbothfreeandimportant.Peopleareneverhappyiftheyfeelcompelledbysocietytodoworktheydonotenjoy,orifwhattheydoenjoyisignoredbysocietyashavingnovalueorimportance.Inasocietywhereslaveryinthestrictsensehasbeenabolished,thesocialindicationsaroundwork,thevalueofworkandthesalary,have manylaborersintomodernslaves—"wageslaves".degradeinto退化為；降格為對財富的汲汲以求，會讓人墮落為它的奴隸。Addictiontoseekingwealthwilldegradeoneintoaslavetoit.Theydegradeintocarbonandoxygen.他們能被降解成碳和氧。Rise,anddon'tdegradeyourselfintoanabjectreptile!起來，可別把你自己貶成一個下賤的爬蟲！工作要張弛有度。AllworkandnoplaydegradesJackintoadullboy.Peopleareconsideredlaborersiftheirjobhasanadverseeffectonthem,yettheyfeelcompelledtocontinueworkingbythenecessityofconformingtosocietalexpectationsandearningtherevenuetosupportthemselvesandtheirfamilies.Thepolaroppositeoflaborisplay.Whenweplayagame,weenjoywhatwearedoing,butitisapurelyprivatepastime;societydoesnotcarewhenorwhetherweplay.Peopleareconsideredlaborersiftheirjobhasanadverseeffect)onthem.”(Para.2Xisconsidered/labeledasYifZhas/exertsapositive/adverseeffectonit[應(yīng)用提示]用于“對事物的辯證認定”如果金錢對你有決定性影響，那么你則被認為是金錢的奴隸。Youareconsideredasaslavetomoneyifmoneyhasadecisiveeffectonyou.如果生活對你的世界觀產(chǎn)生了負面的影響，那么你就被認定為悲觀主義者。Youwillbelabeledasapessimistiflifeexertsanegativeeffectonyouroutlookontheworld.如果食物對一個人產(chǎn)生了上癮的作用，那么這個人就被稱為吃貨。Apersonislabeledasthefoodieiffoodexertsanaddictiveeffectonhim.yettheyfeelcompelledtocontinueworkingbythenecessityofconformingtosocietalexpectationsandearningtherevenuetosupportthemselvesandtheirfamilies.”(Para.2)XfeelscompelledtodoYbythenecessityofdoingZ;[應(yīng)用提示]用于“強調(diào)事物的外因效應(yīng)”為了趕上最后期限，他不得不熬夜加班。Hefeelscompelledtoburnthemidnightoilbythenecessityofmeetingthedeadline.眾望所歸，他只好恭敬不如從命，就任新一任隊長。Hefeltcompelledtotakethepositionasthenewteamleaderbythenecessityoflivingupeveryone’sexpectation.識到電商的巨大潛力，他覺得必須要先下手為強。Awareofthegreatpotentialofe-commerce,hefeltcompelledtogaintheupperhandbynecessityoftakingtheinitiative.Betweenlaborandplaystandswork.People arelabeledasworkersiftheirpersonalinterestscoincidewiththejobssocietypaysthemtodo;whatisnecessarylaborfromthepointofviewofsocietyisvoluntaryplayfromtheindividual'spersonalpointofview.Whetherajobistobedesignatedaslabororworkdepends,notonthejobitself,butonthetastesoftheindividualwhoundertakesit.Thedifferencedoesnot,forexample,correlatewiththedifferencebetweenamanualandmentaljoborbetweenjobsofloworhighesteem;agardenercoveredindirtinagreenhousemaybeaworkerwhileawell-dressedcitymayormayprovetobeanunhappylaborer!correlatewith:與…相關(guān)聯(lián)Resultsinthenaturalsciencesseldomseemtocorrelatewiththoseinart.自然科學(xué)的成果似乎很少與藝術(shù)發(fā)生關(guān)聯(lián)。Thebeautyinsightcorrelatescloselywiththebeautyinmind.生活不是缺少美，而是缺少一雙發(fā)現(xiàn)美的眼睛。Whatissth.fromthepointofviewofAissth.elsefromtheB’spointofview.[應(yīng)用提示]用于表達“不同的人對待同一件事有不同的看法”。在老年人看來是怪異的打扮對年輕人來說卻是時尚。Whatisweirddressingfromthepointofviewofelderlypeopleisfashionfromthepointofviewofyoungpeople.興趣愛好因人而異。（或蘿卜白菜，各有所愛。）Whatismeatfromthepointofviewofonemanispoisonfromthepointofviewofanotherman.庸人居安，智者思危。Whatisasenseofsecurityfromthepointofviewofeverymanisanomenofdangerfromthepointofviewofthewiseman.懶惰的人看來是癡心妄想的事情，對實干的人來說卻是早晚的囊中之物。Whatisapipedreamfromthepointofviewoftheidlerissoonerorlaterabirdinhandfromthepointofviewofthedoer.People'sattitudetowardtheirworkdetermineseverything.Toworkers,leisuremeanssimplyhourstheyneedtorelaxandrestinordertoworkefficiently.Workersarethereforemorepronetodedicatemoretimetoworking,takingtoolittleleisureratherthantoomuch.Tolaborers,ontheotherhand,leisuremeansautonomyfromcompulsion,soitisnaturalforthemtoimaginethatthefewerhourstheyhavetospendlaboring,andthemorehourstheyhavefreeforplay,thebetter.dedicateto投入于；奉獻于Wewillestablishaculturalexchangeadvertisementcompany,dedicatetotheculturalexchangebetweenAmericaandChina.我們還將成立中美文化交流廣告公司，致力于中美之間的文化交流。Thevideoonlydedicatetopeoplewholoveferociousdogs.此片僅僅獻給愛好烈性犬的狗友。Iwouldliketodedicatethisbooktomyparentswhohavemadeallsacrificesforme.Beproneto 易于;傾向于ThetestshouldidentifywhichsmokersaremostpronetodeveloplungcancerSomepeoplearepronetojumptohastyconclusions.有些人往往作出輕率的結(jié)論。Thosewhooftenwalkalongtheriverbankarepronetowettheirshoes.常在河邊走，哪能不濕鞋。Besidesthemerehoursspentinleisure,workersandlaborersdifferintheamountofpersonalsatisfactiontheyderivefromtheirjobs.Workerswhoenjoytheirjobswillbehappier,lessstressed,andgenerallymoresatisfiedwiththeirlives.Theywillalsoworkwithmorediligenceandprecisionbecausetheyhavefosteredasenseofpersonalprideintheirjobs.Ontheotherhand,laborers,whosesoleincentiveisearningtheirlivelihood,feelthatthetimetheyspendonthedailygrindiswastedanddoesn'tcontributetotheirhappiness.Insteadofvaluingall24hoursoftheirdayasenjoyableandproductivehours,theygaugeonlythetimespentinleisureandplayasmeaningful.Unfortunately,laborersarealltoocommonplace,andonlyasmallpercentageofthepopulationisintheluckypositionofbeingworkers.derivefrom來自；衍生于Differencesbetweenlanguagesderivefromthedifferentmodesofthinkingasthinkingisthebasisoflanguage.思維是語言的基礎(chǔ)和前提，思維差異的存在直接導(dǎo)致了不同民族語言差異的形成。ThesestoriesderivefromhisexperiencesduringtheLongMarch.這些故事是根據(jù)他在長征中的經(jīng)歷寫成的。SomeancientGreekphilosophyseemstoderivefromtheOrientaltheory.古希臘人的一些哲學(xué)理論似乎源自于東方。Blessingsderivefrommisfortunes,andvice禍兮，福之所倚，福兮，禍之所伏。Aguaranteedsuccessderivesfromagoodknowledgeofyourrivalaswellasofyourself.知己知彼，百戰(zhàn)不殆。Inrecentdecades,technologicalinnovationandthedivisionoflaborhavecausedmajoreconomicchangesbyeliminatingtheneedforspecialstrengthorskillin manyfieldsandhaveturnedmanypaidoccupationswithenjoyableworkintoboringlabor.Increasingproductivitywithautomatedmachines,suchasrobots,hasreducedthenumberofnecessarylaboringhours.Itispossibletoimagineanupcomingsocietyinwhichthemajorityofthepopulationwillhavealmostasmuchleisuretimeasinearliertimeswasenjoyedbythemedievalaristocracy.Themedievalaristocratshadanabundanceofleisuretimebutoftenwasteditintrivialpursuitofgamesandfashion.Likewise,modern-daylaborerswithtoomuchleisuretimemayfinditdifficulttorefrainfromtheaddictiveandtrivialpursuitsofcelebritygossip,extravagantfashion,andexcessivevideogamesandTV—similarbadhabitsthatwastevaluabletime.However,it'snotnecessarytotakesuchatoxicattitudetowardsuchapositivethingasleisuretime.Infact,inmanycountries,peoplenowusetheirleisuretimetoimprovetheirmindsandtheirworkingconditionstocreateahappier,morecontentedlife.Lifelonglearningcanmakethedifferencebetweenbeingbored,unhappylaborersandworkerswhofindmeaningandjoyintheiremploymentandlife."Continuingeducation"or"experientiallearning"canofferanarrayofclassesfrompleasantdiversionssuchassports,artclassesormusic toleadershipdevelopment,advancedaccountingskills,orCAD(computer-aideddesign),only/butafew略舉幾例國際社會也在提供援助，略舉幾例，如美國、法國和中國。Theinternationalcommunityisalsoofferingassistance,includingtheUnitedStates,FranceandChina,tonameonlyafew.Beijingishometomanyhistoricalresorts,includingtheForbiddenCity,theGreatWall,andtheSummerPalace,tonamebutafew.北京名勝云集，有紫禁城、長城、頤和園等等，不一而足?！癓ifelonglearningcanmakethedifferencebetweenbeingbored,unhappylaborersandworkerswhofindmeaningandjoyintheiremploymentandlife.”(Para.XcanmakethedifferencebetweenYand[應(yīng)用提示]用于“強調(diào)事物影響因素”患難見真情。Adversitycanmakethedifferencebetweenafoul-weatherfriendandafair-weatherfriend.細節(jié)決定成敗。Detailscanmakethedifferencebetweensuccessandfailure.腹有詩書氣自華。Readingcanmakethedifferencebetweeneleganceandvulgarity.Whateverthejob,peoplewhoenjoytheirworkfindtimepassesquickly.Theyhurltheirpassionintotheirwork,beitphysicalliketheworkofasmith,ormorementallikethatofascientistoranartist.Evenpurelymentalworkcansufficeasanoutlet,asaptlyexpressedbythephrase"sinkingone'steethintoaproblem".“Whateverthejob,peoplewhoenjoytheirworkfindtimepassesquickly.”(Para.8)WhateverX,Ydoes/isZ;[應(yīng)用提示]用于“強調(diào)事物的實質(zhì)”不管什么藝術(shù),生活都能奉上一眼靈感之泉。Whateverart,lifeprovidesawellofinspirationforit.天生我材必有用。Whatevertalent(you’rebornwith),youwillfinditsusesomeday.金無足赤,人無完人。Whateverthebean,ithasitsblack.sinkone’steethintosth.：(infml.)starttodosth.withalotofenergyanddetermination精力充沛地開始處理某事；專注于做某事PlayingthepartofQueenVictoriaisthekindofrolethatismadeforyou,thekindofroleyoucansinkyourteethinto.維多利亞女王這個角色就是為你而設(shè)，是一個你能傾情投入的角色。功夫不負有心人。Youwillmakeitaslongasyousinkyourteethintoyourgoal.Theyhurltheirpassionintotheirwork,beitphysicalliketheworkofasmith,ormorementallikethatofascientistoranartist.Sb. hurlthepassionintosth.ordoingsth.,beit…like/suchas…,or…like/suchas…[應(yīng)用提示]用于舉例說明“某人執(zhí)著地做某事”。公眾為我們的事業(yè)捐款，為災(zāi)難受害者捐款，無論是地震之類的自然災(zāi)難，還是石油泄漏之類人為之災(zāi)。Thepublichurltheirpassionintodonatingmoneytoourcauseandforthevictimsofdisasters,beitnatural,suchasearthquakes,orman-made,suchasoilspills.Evenpurelymentalworkcansufficeasanoutlet.”(Para.8)EvenXcansufficeasY;[應(yīng)用提示]用于“強調(diào)事物充足條件”他對故土愛得深沉，一封家書足以讓他興奮數(shù)日。Hehasadeepaffectionforhishometown.Evenaletterfromhomecansufficeasasourceofjoyfordaysonend.網(wǎng)購極大地便利了生活，輕點鼠標(biāo)，便足以衣食無憂。Onlineshoppingfacilitateslifemorethanonecanimagine.Evenaclickofthemousecansufficeasthekeytoalifeofsufficientsupply.失敗時，幾句鼓勵的話足以成為我們重振的莫大動力。Onourdefeat,evenafewencouragingwordscansufficeasthegreatpowerforustobounceback.Eventually,everyonehastofindajobandearnaliving.Laborersareslavingawayatajobtheydon'tenjoyforasmallmonetaryreward,waitingalldayuntiltheygohomeandplay.Butwhilelaborersarecountingdownthehours,workersareenergizedandfocused,takingoptimumpleasureinthetaskathand.Bychoosingajobthatisbothusefultosocietyandpersonallyfulfilling,workersmaintainasimultaneoussenseofpurposeandenthusiasmthatimprovestheirwholelives.Sointheend,whateverjobyouchoose,youmustcontendwiththisessentialquestion:Willyoubealaboreroraworker?slaveaway 拼命干；苦干Therearealwayssomepeoplewhoplaywhileweslaveaway.總是有那么一些人，我們在出力流汗時，她們卻在玩。Toclamberupthepeckingorder,somepeopleslaveawaynightsandweekendsattheoffice.為了攀爬上更高的等級，一些人晚上和周末也在辦公室苦干。他回家前數(shù)日，母親就開始在廚房忙碌，準(zhǔn)備他愛吃的飯菜。Itwasdaysbeforehereturnedhomethathismotherbegantoslaveawayinthekitchentopreparehisfavoritefood.countdown v./n.倒數(shù)；倒計時Thousandsofpeoplestarttocountdownwhenthenewyear'sclockisabouttoring.成千上萬的人在新年的鐘聲即將敲響之際開始倒計時。Weallcountdownfromtentozero.我們都從十倒數(shù)到一。一塊巨大的電子顯示屏對即將在此舉行的泛美運動會進行倒計時。AgiantelectronicdisplayiscountingdownthedaystothestartofthePan-AmericanGameshere.猴年倒計時已經(jīng)開始，城里一片喜氣洋洋的景象。WiththeYearofMonkeybeingcounteddown,therewasanoverwhelminglymerryviewinthetown.athand手頭的；需要馬上處理的Havingtherightequipmentathandwillbeenormouslyhelpful手頭上有合適的設(shè)備將會幫上大忙。Pleaseconcentrateonthebusinessathandanddon'tdraginirrelevantissues.請你集中談這件事，不要牽扯其他問題。工作再忙，我們都該抽出時間陪伴家人。Despitethemountainsofworkathand,weoughttospendsomequalitytimewiththefamily.contendwithsth.必須處理；不得不應(yīng)付Hecouldn'tcontendwithhiswife'sscandalsohedivorcedhiswife.They