2022年考研考博-考博英語-燕山大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)29

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-燕山大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Thelargeramachineandthemorenumerousitsparts,thegreaterlikelihoodofabreakdownandthemoreexpensivetorepair.Whathasbeensaidaboutmarketforcesandmanagementwasnecessarilyoversimplified.Theeconomiesofmodernindustrialnationsarelargeandverycomplex.Tobesure,thereismanagement,andtherearemarketforcesatwork,buttherearealsomanyotherfactorsthathelporhindereconomicfunction.

Inmodernindustrialsocieties’governmentsplayalargerole.Thereisagreatamountofregulation,mostofitmeantfortheprotectionofthepublic.Allregulationsaffectthewaybusinessesoperate,oftenincreasingtheircostsandreducingtheirprofits.Lowerprofits,inturn,reducetheamountofmoneywhichisknownasworkingcapitalthatacompanycanuseforexpansion.Autoemissionstandards,forinstance,havehadasignificantimpactonthemanufactureandpricingofautomobiles.Othergovernmentpoliciessuchastaxation,budgetdeficits,andregulationofthemoneysupplyhaveaneffectonhowmuchmoneyisavailableforpeopletospendongoodsandservices.

Internationalcrisesandotherconditionsalsoaffecttheworkingofaneconomy.AseverefrostinBrazilcanruinacoffeecropandraisethepriceofthatcommodity.Warcancutoffthesupplyofsuchresourcesaspetroleum,chromium,orcopper.IntheUnitedStatesenvironmentalprotestshaveslowedthedevelopmentofnuclearenergycapacityandtheminingofvasttractsofprotectedland.Weatheraffectsagriculture,ahot,drysummercandamagethewheatcrop;floodscandestroythousandsofacresofcropssuddenly,andinsectpestscandevastatecroplandwitharapidonslaught.

People’sattitudesalsohaveanimpactonthemarketingofgoods.Health-consciousindividuals,forexample,maystopsmoking,curtailtheirintakeofalcohol,andeatlessofcertainkindsoffood.Advertisingaffectswhatpeoplebuy,anditcancreateamarketwherenoneexisted.Styleandfashionaresignificantformanyconsumers.

Thereareothereconomicproblemsthataremoredifficulttounderstand.Forcenturieseconomieshavebeensubjecttoperiodsofprosperityfollowedbyperiodsofdecline.Althoughperiodsofprosperitycanbeexplainedrathereasily,thereasonsforpanics,recessions,anddepressionsareofacomplexnature.SomanyfactorscontributedtotheGreatDepressionofthe1930s,forexample,thatnoeconomisthaseverbeenabletoaccountforallofthem.

Becausethecausesofdeclineareuncertain,theremediesareequallyuncertain.Inthelate20thcenturyallindustrializedsocietiesthroughtheirgovernmentshavetriedtostabilizeeconomies,keepthemprosperous,andreduceunemployment.Noneoftheremedieshasworkedtotheextentthatwashoped.Howeconomiesworkandwhatremediescanbefoundtokeepthemoperatingefficientlyarethetasksofeconomists,whomustworktogetherwithbusinessmenandpoliticians.

1.Thechiefpurposeofthepassageis________.

2.The“machine”inthefirstsentenceofParagraph1iscomparablehereto________.

3.Theexampleofautoemissionstandardsishereusedtomakeitclearthat________.

4.Whyisitdifficulttoexplaintheonsetofeconomicdecline?

5.Theauthorbelievesthat,tofindefficientwaysofkeepingeconomygoing,economists________.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.toreviewthefactorsthataffecteconomicoperation

B.toexplorethecausesofperiodiceconomicdecline

C.todiscusstherolegovernmentsplayinmodernindustrializedsocieties

D.toproposeremediesforcorrectingeconomicrecessions

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thepoliticalsystemofanation

B.theeconomyofanation

C.themarketforce

D.thegovernmentofanation

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.itisharmfulforagovernmenttointerferewitheconomicmatters

B.statepoliciestendtolowerprofitsanddiscourageinvestment

C.regulationmayaffectbusinessoperationbyincreasingthecost

D.mostregulationsarenotmeantfortheprotectionofthepublic

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Becausenoeconomistknowseverything.

B.Becauseitalwaysfollowsaperiodofprosperity.

C.Becausetherearetoomanyreasonsbehindit.

D.Becauseitishardtopredictwhenitwillbecoming.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.findtheexactcausesforeconomicdecline

B.findwaystofightunemployment

C.workoutallthefactorsthatleadtoeconomicprosperity

D.cooperatewithbusinessmenandpoliticians

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】主旨大意題。第一段指出有許多因素影響經(jīng)濟(jì)功能的實(shí)現(xiàn)，第二段講政府對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的作用，第三段講國際情況對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的影響，第四段講人們的態(tài)度影響經(jīng)濟(jì)，第五段講還有其他影響經(jīng)濟(jì)的因素，而這些非常復(fù)雜，第六段講述對(duì)于經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展態(tài)勢相對(duì)應(yīng)的措施。綜上所述，本文講述的是影響經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行的因素，A選項(xiàng)“討論影響經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行的因素”正確。B選項(xiàng)“探究周期性經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退的原因”，C選項(xiàng)“討論政府在現(xiàn)代工業(yè)化社會(huì)中扮演的角色”和D選項(xiàng)“為挽救經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退提出補(bǔ)救措施”：是文章的部分內(nèi)容，屬于以偏概全。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

2.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】語義推測題。根據(jù)第一段第一句Thelargeramachineandthemorenumerousitsparts,thegreaterlikelihoodofabreakdownandthemoreexpensivetorepair.（機(jī)器越大，部件越多，發(fā)生故障的可能性就越大，維修成本也就越高。），結(jié)合該段第三句Theeconomiesofmodernindustrialnationsarelargeandverycomplex.（現(xiàn)代工業(yè)國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)模龐大，非常復(fù)雜。），可知這里的機(jī)器指的是國家經(jīng)濟(jì)，B選項(xiàng)“國家經(jīng)濟(jì)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“國家的政治制度”，C選項(xiàng)“市場力量”和D選項(xiàng)“國家政府”：不是此處表達(dá)的意思，屬于偷換概念。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第三句Allregulationsaffectthewaybusinessesoperate,oftenincreasingtheircostsandreducingtheirprofits…Autoemissionstandards,forinstance…（所有的法規(guī)都會(huì)影響企業(yè)的經(jīng)營方式，往往會(huì)增加成本，降低利潤……例如，汽車尾氣排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)……），可知這個(gè)例子是為了證明上面的論點(diǎn)，也就是國家法規(guī)可能會(huì)提高成本，影響企業(yè)的經(jīng)營方式，C選項(xiàng)“法規(guī)可能會(huì)增加成本，從而影響企業(yè)的經(jīng)營”正確。B選項(xiàng)“國家政策傾向于降低利潤，抑制投資”：國家制定政策的目的不是限制企業(yè)的發(fā)展，而是為了維護(hù)公眾的權(quán)益，屬于偷換概念。A選項(xiàng)“政府干預(yù)經(jīng)濟(jì)是有害的”：作者沒有表明這件事情有害，屬于無中生有。D選項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)法規(guī)并不是為了保護(hù)公眾”：根據(jù)第二段第二句Thereisagreatamountofregulation,mostofitmeantfortheprotectionofthepublic.（在大量的規(guī)章制度中，大部分是為了保護(hù)公眾。），可知大多數(shù)法規(guī)是為了保護(hù)公眾，屬于反向干擾。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

4.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段第三句thereasonsforpanics,recessions,anddepressionsareofacomplexnature（恐慌，經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退和蕭條的原因很復(fù)雜），可知這是因?yàn)榻?jīng)濟(jì)衰退的原因太復(fù)雜，有眾多因素，C選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)檫@背后有太多的原因”正確。A選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)闆]有經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家無所不知”：根據(jù)第五段最后一句SomanyfactorscontributedtotheGreatDepressionofthe1930s,forexample,thatnoeconomisthaseverbeenabletoaccountforallofthem.（例如，造成上世紀(jì)30年代大蕭條的因素如此之多，以至于沒有經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家能夠解釋所有這些因素。），這里表達(dá)的是原因太多，經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家不能解釋，而不是強(qiáng)調(diào)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家知道的不多，屬于偷換概念。B選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樗偸前殡S著一段時(shí)期的繁榮”：根據(jù)第五段第二句Forcenturieseconomieshavebeensubjecttoperiodsofprosperityfollowedbyperiodsofdecline.（幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來，經(jīng)濟(jì)經(jīng)歷了一段又一段的繁榮和衰退。），這里指的是經(jīng)濟(jì)有起有落的這個(gè)現(xiàn)象，而不是經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退伴隨著繁榮，屬于偷換概念。D選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)楹茈y預(yù)測它什么時(shí)候會(huì)到來”：文中沒有提到，屬于無中生有。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

5.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章最后一句Howeconomiesworkandwhatremediescanbefoundtokeepthemoperatingefficientlyarethetasksofeconomists,whomustworktogetherwithbusinessmenandpoliticians.（經(jīng)濟(jì)如何運(yùn)行，以及找到什么補(bǔ)救措施來保持其高效運(yùn)行，這是經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家的任務(wù)，他們必須與商人和政治家合作。），可知為了保持經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)發(fā)展，經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家需要與商人和政治家合作，D選項(xiàng)“與商人和政治家合作”正確。A選項(xiàng)“找出經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退的確切原因”：根據(jù)最后一段第一句thecausesofdeclineareuncertain（衰退的原因不確定），可知無法找出經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退的確切原因，屬于反向干擾。B選項(xiàng)“找到解決失業(yè)問題的方法”：根據(jù)最后一段第二句allindustrializedsocietiesthroughtheirgovernmentshavetriedtostabilizeeconomies,keepthemprosperous,andreduceunemployment（所有工業(yè)化社會(huì)都通過政府努力穩(wěn)定經(jīng)濟(jì)，保持繁榮，降低失業(yè)率），可知這是政府做的事，而非經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家做的事，屬于張冠李戴。C選項(xiàng)“找出導(dǎo)致經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮的所有因素”：在這里沒有提到，屬于無中生有。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

______sherealizeditwastoolatetogohome.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Nosooneritgrewdarkthan

B.Hardlydiditgrowdarkthat

C.Scarcelyhaditgrowndarkthan

D.Itwasnotuntildarkthat

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查倒裝句。句意：直到天黑，她才意識(shí)到太晚了，不能回家了。A、B、C選項(xiàng)意思為“一……就”；A選項(xiàng)nosooner…than置于句首，前面部分倒裝；B選項(xiàng)hardly…when“”和C選項(xiàng)scarcely…when是固定搭配。D選項(xiàng)itisnotuntil…that“直到……才”用法正確。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Youwillseethisproduct______whereveryougo.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.advertise

B.advertising

C.tobeadvertised

D.advertised

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：無論你到哪里，都能看到這個(gè)產(chǎn)品的廣告。當(dāng)不定式用于表示感覺的動(dòng)詞feel,hear,notice,observe,see,watch,lookat,listento等作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí),不定式必須省略to。根據(jù)謂語動(dòng)詞是see，橫線部分是賓語product的賓補(bǔ)，確定省略to；根據(jù)產(chǎn)品和打廣告是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，確定用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，D選項(xiàng)advertised符合題意。A選項(xiàng)advertise是動(dòng)詞原形；B選項(xiàng)advertising是現(xiàn)在分詞形式；C選項(xiàng)tobeadvertised未省略to。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Theyboughtthelandwitha______tobuildanewofficeblock.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.purpose

B.view

C.goal

D.reason

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查定語從句。A選項(xiàng)purpose“目的（經(jīng)過考慮而要做某事的意圖）”；B選項(xiàng)view“風(fēng)景；視野”；C選項(xiàng)goal“目標(biāo)（想要通過一段時(shí)間的努力而在未來實(shí)現(xiàn)某事的意圖）”；D選項(xiàng)reason“理由，原因”。句意：他們買那塊地的______是要建一座新的辦公大樓。根據(jù)語境，這里指的是現(xiàn)在買地，買地是為了以后建辦公大樓，A選項(xiàng)purpose符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Yesterdaywassucha______daywedecidedtogoforadrive.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.glorious

B.dynamical

C.avenue

D.invitation

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)glorious“（天氣）熱的，晴朗的”；B選項(xiàng)dynamical“有生氣的”；C選項(xiàng)avenue“（城鎮(zhèn)的）大街”；D選項(xiàng)invitation“邀請(qǐng)”。句意：昨天天氣______，我們決定開車去玩。根據(jù)語境，這里指的是天氣適宜出門玩耍，A選項(xiàng)glorious“（天氣）熱的，晴朗的”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Weall______yourcomingtohelpus.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.appropriate

B.appreciate

C.admit

D.affect

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)appropriate“盜用；撥（?？畹龋保籅選項(xiàng)appreciate“欣賞；感激”；C選項(xiàng)admit“承認(rèn)（不好、不快或?qū)擂蔚氖聦?shí)）”；D選項(xiàng)affect“（感情上）深深打動(dòng)；使悲傷（或憐憫等）”。句意：我們都______你來幫助我們。根據(jù)語境，這里幫助對(duì)應(yīng)的應(yīng)該是B選項(xiàng)appreciate“欣賞；感激”。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Thefarmersweremoreanxiousforrainthanthepeopleinthecitybecausetheyhadmoreat______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.loss

B.stake

C.danger

D.threat

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)loss“損失”；B選項(xiàng)stake“（在公司、計(jì)劃等中的）重大利害關(guān)系”，atstake“得失都可能；有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”；C選項(xiàng)danger“危險(xiǎn)”；D選項(xiàng)threat“威脅，恐嚇；兇兆”。句意：農(nóng)民比城市里的人更渴望雨水，因?yàn)樗麄兠媾R著更多______。根據(jù)語境，這里指的是沒有下雨的話，農(nóng)民比城市里的人面臨更多不確定因素，結(jié)合短語atstake“得失都可能；有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”，B選項(xiàng)stake“（在公司、計(jì)劃等中的）重大利害關(guān)系”符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Sheisfondof______,sodon’tapproachherandtellherwhattroublesyou.She’llmakeitknowtoall.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.speech

B.appraisal

C.comment

D.gossip

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)speech“演講”；B選項(xiàng)appraisal“評(píng)估；估價(jià)”；C選項(xiàng)comment“議論；批評(píng)”；D選項(xiàng)gossip“流言飛語，閑言碎語；閑聊”。句意：她喜歡______，所以不要接近她，告訴她你的煩惱。根據(jù)語境，這里指她非常喜歡說閑話，所以不要跟她走太近，D選項(xiàng)gossip“流言飛語，閑言碎語”符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

A______changeinpolicyisneededifrelationsareevertoimprove.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.strict

B.wide

C.ever

D.radical

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)strict“嚴(yán)格的”；B選項(xiàng)wide“廣闊的”；C選項(xiàng)ever“永遠(yuǎn)”，副詞，不修飾名詞；D選項(xiàng)radical“徹底的”。句意：要想改善兩國關(guān)系，就必須______改變政策。根據(jù)語境，D選項(xiàng)radical“徹底的”搭配change比較合理，指的是要改變關(guān)系就要在政策上改變。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Thefarmerusedwoodtobuildahouse______tostoregrain.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.which

B.where

C.with

D.inwhich

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查定語從句。句意：那位農(nóng)民用木頭蓋了一所房子，用來儲(chǔ)存糧食。橫線前面部分是完整的主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)，橫線到句尾要么是短語要么是從句，根據(jù)語境，后面部分還原成tostoregraininahouse，強(qiáng)調(diào)在房子里面儲(chǔ)存糧食，D選項(xiàng)inwhich是修飾storegrain的狀語，A選項(xiàng)which不能作狀語；B選項(xiàng)where雖然也可以作狀語，但是指在建造房子的整個(gè)地方，而不是房子里面；C選項(xiàng)with后面接介詞to語法錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Culturally,thiscountryisdividedintotwo______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tides

B.sections

C.verses

D.yards

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)tides“潮水；潮流”；B選項(xiàng)sections“部分”；C選項(xiàng)verses“詩節(jié)，歌曲的段落”；D選項(xiàng)yards“（某種用途的）區(qū)域，場地”。句意：從文化上講，這個(gè)國家分為兩個(gè)______。根據(jù)語境，這里指的是把一個(gè)整體的國家一分為二，B選項(xiàng)sections“部分”符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Thesuggestionthatthemayor______theprizeswasacceptedbyeveryone.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.presents

B.oughttopresent

C.wouldpresent

D.present

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查虛擬語氣。句意：大家接受了由市長頒獎(jiǎng)的建議。一堅(jiān)持(insist)、二命令(order,command)、三建議(advise,suggest,propose)、四要求(demand,require,request,desire)后面可以跟賓語從句，從句用虛擬語氣，即其謂語部分用should+動(dòng)詞原形，其中should可省略。這里suggest跟賓語從句，用虛擬語氣，D選項(xiàng)“present”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)presents，B選項(xiàng)oughttopresent和C選項(xiàng)wouldpresent用法錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

TheearlyretirementofexperiencedworkersisseriouslyharmingtheU.S.economy,accordingtoanewreportfromtheHudsonInstitute,apublicpolicyresearchorganization.Currently,manyolderexperiencedworkersretireatanearlyage.Accordingtotherecentlyissuedstatistics,79percentofqualifiedworkersbegincollectingretirementbenefitsatage62;ifthattrendcontinues,therewillbealaborshortagethatwillhindertheeconomicgrowthinthetwenty-firstcentury.

OlderAmericansconstituteanincreasingproportionofthepopulation,accordingtotheU.S.CensusBureau,andthepopulationofthoseoverage65willgrowby60%between2001and2020.Duringthesameperiod,thegroupaged18to44willincreasebyonly4%.Keepingolderskilledworkersemployed,evenparttime,wouldincreaseU.S.economicoutputandstrengthenthetaxbase;butwithoutsignificantpolicyreforms,massiveearlyretirementamongbabyboomersseemsmorelikely.

Retirementatage62isaneconomicallyrationaldecisiontoday.SocialSecurityandMedicaidearningslimitsandtaxpenaltiessubjectourmostexperiencedworkerstomarginaltaxratesashighas67%.SocialSecurityformulasencourageearlyretirement.Althoughincomesusuallyrisewithadditionalyearsofwork,anypayincreasesafterthe35-yearmarkresultinhighersocialSecuritytaxesbutonlysmallincreasesinbenefits.

HudsonInstituteresearchersbelievethatfederaltaxandbenefitpoliciesareatfaultandreformsareurgentlyneeded,buttheydisagreewiththepopularproposalthatmucholderAmericanswillhavetoworkbecauseSocialSecuritywillnotsupportthemandthatbabyboomersarenotsavingenoughforretirement.Accordingtotheincreasein401(k)andKeoghretirementplans,theongoingstockmarketonWallStreet,andthelikelihoodoflargeinheritances,thereisevidencethatbabyboomerswillreachage65withgreaterfinancialassetsthanpreviousgenerations.

TheHudsonInstituteadvocatesreforminggovernmentpoliciesthatnowdiscourageworkandsavings,especiallyforolderworkers.Amongthereport’srecommendations:taxhalfofallSocialSecuritybenefits,regardlessofotherincome;provide8%largerbenefitsforeachyearbeyond65;andpermitworkersnearingretirementtonegotiatecompensationpackagesthatmayincludealowersalarybutwithgreaterhealthcarebenefits.However,itmaytakerealandfruitfulplanningtofindtherightsolutiontotheearlyretirementofolderexperiencedworkers;anymeasurestakenmustbeallowedtoprolongtheserviceabilityofolderexperiencedworkers.

1.AccordingtoHudsonInstituteresearcher,theeffectoftheearlyretirementofqualifiedworkersintheU.S.economyis________.

2.TheoldexperiencedworkersinAmericatendtoretireearlybecausetheirprolongedservicemay________.

3.Thesecondparagraphiswrittenchieflytoshowthat________.

4.Whenmentioning“theongoingstockmarketonWallStreet”thewriter________.

5.Towardstheissue,whatthewriterismostconcernedaboutwillbe________.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.constructive

B.significant

C.inconclusive

D.disadvantageous

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.doharmtoyoungergenerations

B.endupwithfewornobenefits

C.giveplaytotheirpotentials

D.shedlightonsocialtrends

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.therewillbeanacutelaborshortageinthenearfutures

B.baby-boomerscontributemuchtotheUSeconomic

C.governmentpoliciesconcerningolderpeopleareout-dated

D.olderworkersareenthusiasticaboutcollectingsocialbenefits

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.iscallingattentiontotheprivilegestowhichbaby-boomersareentitled

B.iscallingforthegovernmenttotakecountermeasuresagainstlaborshortage

C.isrefutinganotionaboutexperiencedworkers’earlyretirement

D.isjustifyingtheineffectivenessoffederaltaxandbenefitpolicies

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.toadvocateradicallyreforminggovernmentpolicies

B.totakeintoaccountthebenefitsuponretirement

C.toputinpracticewhatHudsonresearchersbelievein

D.toprolongthepracticabilityofolderexperiencedemployees

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段TheearlyretirementofexperiencedworkersisseriouslyharmingtheU.S.economy,accordingtoanewreportfromtheHudsonInstitute,apublicpolicyresearchorganization.（公共政策研究機(jī)構(gòu)哈德遜研究所的一份新報(bào)告顯示，有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的工人提前退休正嚴(yán)重?fù)p害美國經(jīng)濟(jì)。），可知有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的工人提前退休具有弊端，D選項(xiàng)“不利的”正確。A選項(xiàng)“建設(shè)性的”，B選項(xiàng)“意義重大的”和C選項(xiàng)“無定論的”屬于無中生有。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第一句Retirementatage62isaneconomicallyrationaldecisiontoday.（在今天，62歲退休在經(jīng)濟(jì)上是一個(gè)理性的決定。）和最后一句Althoughincomesusuallyrisewithadditionalyearsofwork,anypayincreasesafterthe35-yearmarkresultinhighersocialSecuritytaxesbutonlysmallincreasesinbenefits.（盡管收入通常會(huì)隨著工作年限的增加而增加，但35年之后的任何工資增長都會(huì)導(dǎo)致社會(huì)保障稅的增加，而福利只會(huì)小幅增加。），可知許多人希望盡早退休的原因是好處不夠，B選項(xiàng)“最終得到很少的好處或得不到好處”正確。A選項(xiàng)“對(duì)年輕一代有害”和C選項(xiàng)“發(fā)揮他們的潛力”：文中沒有提到，屬于無中生有。D選項(xiàng)“闡明社會(huì)趨勢”：根據(jù)第一段最后一句ifthattrendcontinues,therewillbealaborshortagethatwillhindertheeconomicgrowthinthetwenty-firstcentury.（如果這種趨勢繼續(xù)下去，勞動(dòng)力短缺將會(huì)阻礙21世紀(jì)的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長。），社會(huì)趨勢指的是許多有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的老工人很早就退休了，但這不是他們退休的原因，屬于出處錯(cuò)位。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。第二段第一句指出人口老齡化會(huì)加劇，第二句指出年輕人群的增長很少，第三句建議讓年長的技術(shù)工人繼續(xù)就業(yè)以維持勞動(dòng)力數(shù)量，如果不改革，勞動(dòng)力缺乏的情況會(huì)更嚴(yán)重，綜合可知，A選項(xiàng)“在不久的將來，將會(huì)嚴(yán)重勞動(dòng)力短缺”正確。B選項(xiàng)“嬰兒潮一代對(duì)美國經(jīng)濟(jì)貢獻(xiàn)很大”：根據(jù)第二段最后一句butwithoutsignificantpolicyreforms,massiveearlyretirementamongbabyboomersseemsmorelikely.（但如果不進(jìn)行重大政策改革，嬰兒潮一代大規(guī)模提前退休的可能性似乎更大。），這里沒有講嬰兒潮一代對(duì)美國經(jīng)濟(jì)貢獻(xiàn)很大，屬于曲解原文。C選項(xiàng)“政府有關(guān)老年人的政策已經(jīng)過時(shí)了”：文中沒有提到關(guān)于老年人的政策，屬于無中生有。D選項(xiàng)“年長的工人熱衷于將社會(huì)福利收入囊中”：文中沒有提到，屬于無中生有。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。文章在第四段第一句提出HudsonInstituteresearchersbelievethatfederaltaxandbenefitpoliciesareatfaultandreformsareurgentlyneeded,buttheydisagreewiththepopularproposalthatmucholderAmericanswillhavetowork（哈德遜研究所的研究人員認(rèn)為，聯(lián)邦稅收和福利政策是錯(cuò)誤的，改革迫在眉睫，但他們不同意一項(xiàng)廣受歡迎的提議，即美國老年人必須工作。），可知作者贊同美國老年人必須工作的觀點(diǎn)，隨后在第四段最后一句提出Accordingto…theongoingstockmarketonWallStreet…thereisevidencethatbabyboomerswillreachage65withgreaterfinancialassetsthanpreviousgenerations.（根據(jù)華爾街股市的持續(xù)上漲……有證據(jù)表明，嬰兒潮一代將工作到65歲，比前幾代人擁有更多的金融資產(chǎn)。），可知華爾街股市持續(xù)上漲的例子是為了支持上面美國老年人必須工作的觀點(diǎn)，C選項(xiàng)“反駁有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的工人提前退休的觀點(diǎn)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“正在呼吁人們關(guān)注嬰兒潮一代所享有的特權(quán)”：文中沒有提到，屬于無中生有。B選項(xiàng)“要求政府采取對(duì)策解決勞動(dòng)力短缺問題”：這里沒有提到解決勞動(dòng)力短缺的問題，屬于出處錯(cuò)位。D選項(xiàng)“為聯(lián)邦稅收和福利政策的無效辯護(hù)”：作者和哈德遜研究所一樣認(rèn)為聯(lián)邦稅收和福利政策是錯(cuò)誤，不符合文章內(nèi)容，屬于反向干擾。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

5.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。文章第一段提出有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的工人提前退休具有危害，第二段提出需要用政策使他們延長就業(yè)，第三段指出他們?yōu)槭裁磿?huì)提前退休，第四段強(qiáng)調(diào)老員工必須工作，第五段闡述了哈德遜研究所對(duì)有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的老員工提前退休的建議后總結(jié)必須延長有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的老員工的工作時(shí)間。文章在各個(gè)方面闡述為什么需要延長有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的老員工的工作時(shí)間，也給出了建議，D選項(xiàng)“給有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的老員工延長工作時(shí)間的可行性”正確。A選項(xiàng)“主張徹底改革政府政策”：文章只涉及到老員工提前退休的政策，沒有提出讓政府徹底改革，屬于偷換概念。B選項(xiàng)“考慮退休后的福利”：這只是文章的部分內(nèi)容，屬于以偏概全。C選項(xiàng)“將哈德遜研究人員所相信的付諸實(shí)踐”：作者引用哈德遜研究人員的研究內(nèi)容只是為了佐證自己的觀點(diǎn)，不是想表達(dá)的重點(diǎn)，屬于曲解原文。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Atthemeetingbothsidesexchangedtheirviewsonawide______oftopicstheywereinterestedin.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.extent

B.number

C.collection

D.range

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查定語從句。A選項(xiàng)extent“程度；大小，面積”；B選項(xiàng)number“數(shù)量；號(hào)碼”；C選項(xiàng)collection“收集物”；D選項(xiàng)range“類”，awiderangeof“大范圍的；多種多樣的”。句意：雙方就感興趣的______議題交換了意見。根據(jù)語境，這里指的是雙方有很多感興趣的議題，D選項(xiàng)range符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

Assoonas1completemytraininghere,Iamgoingtobea______expert.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.rod

B.volume

C.sphere

D.missile

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)rod“長桿；長棒”；B選項(xiàng)volume“體積；合訂本”；C選項(xiàng)sphere“（活動(dòng)、興趣的）領(lǐng)域；球體”；D選項(xiàng)missile“導(dǎo)彈；（作為武器的）投擲物”。句意：一旦我完成在這里的訓(xùn)練，我將成為一名______專家。根據(jù)語境，這里指的是成為某一個(gè)特定領(lǐng)域的專家，D選項(xiàng)missile“導(dǎo)彈；（作為武器的）投擲物”符合題意，意思是導(dǎo)彈專家。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

Icertainlydidn’tintendto______yourplans.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.upset

B.shake

C.shave

D.drag

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查定語從句。A選項(xiàng)upset“打亂；打翻”；B選項(xiàng)shake“搖動(dòng)，抖動(dòng)”；C選項(xiàng)shave“剃毛”；D選項(xiàng)drag“（使勁而吃力地）拖”。句意：我當(dāng)然不想______你的計(jì)劃。根據(jù)語境，這里指的是不想妨礙計(jì)劃，A選項(xiàng)upset“打亂”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

17.單選題

Hefelt______ofwhathehaddoneinschool.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.shy

B.ash

C.advisable

D.ashamed

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)shy“害羞的；易受驚的；對(duì)（做）……心懷顧忌”；B選項(xiàng)ash“灰燼”；C選項(xiàng)advisable“明智的，可取的”；D選項(xiàng)ashamed“感到羞恥的；慚愧的”。句意：他為自己在學(xué)校里的所作所為感到______。根據(jù)語境，這里指的是對(duì)他做過的事的態(tài)度，D選項(xiàng)ashamed“感到羞恥的；慚愧的”符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

18.單選題

Thewordsofhisoldteacherlefta______impressiononhismind.Heisstillinfluencedbythem.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.lasting

B.liberal

C.long

D.lively

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)lasting“持久的；永恒的”；B選項(xiàng)liberal“開明的；大方的”；C選項(xiàng)long“長時(shí)間的”；D選項(xiàng)lively“活躍熱情的；充滿趣味的”。句意：他以前的老師的話給他留下了______印象。他仍然受到他們的影響。根據(jù)語境，很長的時(shí)間以后他都受老師言語的影響，lastingimpression為固定短語，A選項(xiàng)lasting“持久的；永恒的”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

19.單選題

Healwaystakesprideinhiswork.Heisvery______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.humble

B.devoted

C.respective

D.formal

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)humble“謙遜的，虛心的”；B選項(xiàng)devoted“忠誠的，全心全意的”；C選項(xiàng)respective“分別的，各自的”；D選項(xiàng)formal“適合正式場合的；正規(guī)的”。句意：他總是為自己的工作感到自豪。他非常______。根據(jù)語境，這里指的是他很投入于自己的工作，為自己的工作感到自豪，B選項(xiàng)devoted“忠誠的，全心全意的”符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

20.單選題

Nobodybelieveshemadesuchafoolishmistake.Peoplesayheisvery______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.experience

B.career

C.accurate

D.actual

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)experience“經(jīng)驗(yàn)；閱歷”；B選項(xiàng)career“職業(yè)生涯”；C選項(xiàng)accurate“正確無誤的；精確的”；D選項(xiàng)actual“實(shí)際的；（強(qiáng)調(diào)事情最重要的部分）真正的”。句意：沒有人相信他犯了這樣一個(gè)愚蠢的錯(cuò)誤。因?yàn)槿藗冋J(rèn)為他非常______。根據(jù)語境，這里指的是在別人眼中，他做事不會(huì)行差踏錯(cuò)，C選項(xiàng)accurate“正確無誤的；精確的”符合題意，指的是他非?？煽俊Ｒ虼薈選項(xiàng)正確。

21.單選題

Youngpeoplearenot______tostandandlookatworksofart;theywantarttheycanparticipatein.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.conservative

B.content

C.confident

D.generous

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查定語從句。A選項(xiàng)conservative“保守的”；B選項(xiàng)content“滿意的”；C選項(xiàng)confident“自信的”；D選項(xiàng)generous“慷慨的”。句意：年輕人不______站在那里觀看藝術(shù)作品；他們想要的是可以參與的藝術(shù)。根據(jù)語境，這里指的是不想止步于觀看藝術(shù)作品，而是想要參與其中，B選項(xiàng)content“滿意的”符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

22.單選題

Alltheinformationwehavecollectedinrelationtothatcase______verylittle.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.makesupfor

B.addsupto

C.comesupwith

D.putsupwith

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)makesupfor“彌補(bǔ)”；B選項(xiàng)addsupto“總計(jì)為；累計(jì)起來”；C選項(xiàng)comesupwith“想出；趕上”；D選項(xiàng)putsupwith“忍受，容忍”。句意：我們收集到的有關(guān)那個(gè)案件的所有資料______毫無價(jià)值。根據(jù)語境，這里指的是這些資料沒有價(jià)值，B選項(xiàng)addsupto“總計(jì)為；累計(jì)起來”符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

23.單選題

Didhetellyouwhat______ifhehadchance?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.washegoingtodo

B.hewoulddo

C.hehaddone

D.hehadtodo

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：他有沒有告訴你如果有機(jī)會(huì)他會(huì)怎么做？What到句尾是賓語從句，其中if引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。根據(jù)if引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句采用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)，確定do的動(dòng)作有過去的含義；根據(jù)語境可知是在將來做do的動(dòng)作，確定do的動(dòng)作有將來的含義，所以用過去將來時(shí)，B選項(xiàng)hewoulddo符合題意。A選項(xiàng)washegoingtodo語序錯(cuò)誤，was應(yīng)該在he后面。C選項(xiàng)hehaddone和D選項(xiàng)hehadtodo時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

24.單選題

Such______thecase,Ican’taffordtosupporthim.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.being

B.is

C.hasbeen

D.hadbeen

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：如果是這樣的話，我就負(fù)擔(dān)不起贍養(yǎng)他的費(fèi)用。逗號(hào)后面是完整的句子，所以逗號(hào)前面的部分是句子的狀語，即橫線處應(yīng)是非謂語動(dòng)詞，只有A選項(xiàng)being現(xiàn)在分詞是非謂語動(dòng)詞，符合題意。B選項(xiàng)is是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；C選項(xiàng)hasbeen和D選項(xiàng)hadbeen不是正確的時(shí)態(tài)用法。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

25.單選題

Rockmusicusually______theyoungpeopleinmostcountries.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.appliesto

B.appealsto

C.amazes

D.actress

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)appliesto“適用于；向……提出申請(qǐng)”；B選項(xiàng)appealsto“呼吁；要求；對(duì)……有吸引力”；C選項(xiàng)amazes“使吃驚”；D選項(xiàng)actress“女演員”。句意：搖滾樂通常______大多數(shù)國家的年輕人。根據(jù)語境，這里B選項(xiàng)appealsto“對(duì)……有吸引力”搭配youngpeople比較合理，意思指年輕人喜歡搖滾樂。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

26.單選題

Theageofgildedyouth(紈绔子弟)isover.Today’sunder-thirtiesarethefirstgenerationforacenturywhocanexpectalowerlivingstandardthantheirparents.Researchintothelifestylesandprospectsofpeoplewhowerebornsince1970showsthattheyarelikelytofacealifetimeoflongerworkinghours,lowerjobsecurityandhighertaxesthanthepreviousgeneration.Whentheyleaveworklateintheevening,theywillbemorelikelytoreturntoasmallrentedflatthantoahouseoftheirown.When,eventually,theyretire,theirpensionsarefarlowerinrealtermsthanthoseoftheirimmediateforebears.

ThesefindingsarerevealedinastudyofthewayhowtheageingofBritain’spopulationisaffectingdifferentgenerations.AntheaTinker,professorofsocialgerontologyatKing’sCollegeLondon,whocarriedoutmuchofthework,saidthegrowthoftheproportionofpeopleover50hadreversedthetraditionalflowofwealthfromoldertoyoungergenerations.“Today’soldermiddle-agedandelderlyarebecomingthenewwinners.”shesaid,“Theymaderelativelysmallcontributionsintaxbutnowmakerelativelybigclaimsonthewelfaresystem.Generationsborninthelastthreetofourdecadesfacetheprospectofhandingovermorethanathirdoftheirlifetime’searningstocareforthem.”

Thesurgingnumberofolderpeople,manylivingalone,hasalsoincreaseddemandforpropertyandpusheduphouseprices.Whilepreviousgenerationsfounditeasytoraiseamortgage,today’sunder-thirtieshavetolivewiththeirparentsorrent.Iftheycanaffordtobuyahome,itismorelikelytobeaflatthanahouse.LauraLenox-Conyngham,28,grewupinalargehouseandhermotherdidnotneedtowork.Unlikeherwealthyparents,shegraduatedwithstudentandpostgraduateloandebtsof￡13,000.Shenowearnsabout￡20,000ayear,preparingfoodtobephotographedformagazines.Herhomeisaone-bedroomflatincentralLondonandshesubletsthelungesofa-bedtoherbrother.“Myfathertookpityandpaidoffmystudentdebts.”shesaid,“ButIstillhavenopensionandnochanceofbuyingapropertyforatleastacoupleofyears-andthenitwillbesomethingsmallinabadarea.Myonlyhopeisthetraditionaloneofmeetingarichman.”Tinker’sresearchrevealsLenox-Conynghamisrepresentativeofmanyyoungprofessionals,especiallyinLondon,Manchester,EdinburghandBristol.

1.Bysaying“thegrowthoftheproportion…toyoungergenerations”(Para.2),AntheaTinkerreallymeansthat________.

2.Whyaretoday’soldermiddle-agedandelderlybecomingthenewwinners?

3.Whichfactorpushedhouseprices?

4.InwhatwaydoesLauraLenox-Conynghammakeherliving?

5.Wecanconcludefromthepassagethat________.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.currentlywealthflowsfromoldgenerationtoyoungergeneration

B.traditionallywealthflowsfromyoungergenerationtooldgeneration

C.withtheincreasinglybigpopulationofover50,thetrendarisesthatwealthflowsfromyoungergenerationtooldgeneration

D.withmoreandmorepeopleofover50,traditionshavebeenreversed

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Becausetheycontributedasmallportioninlaxbutenjoymoreonthewelfaresystem.

B.Becausetheycontributedalotintaxandnowcanclaimmuchonthewelfaresystem.

C.Becausetheymadesmallcontributions,butnowcanmakemoneyeasily.

D.Becausetheyoutnumberyoungergenerationandenjoymoreprivilegesinthepresentsociety.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Manyyoungmen,wholivealone,haveincreaseddemandforhouses.

B.Manyyoungmenneedtorentmorehouses.

C.Itiseasytoapplyforamortgagetoryounggeneration.

D.Thenumberofolderpeople,manyofwhomlivealone,becomesbiggerandbigger.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Bytakingphotographsformagazines.

B.Bymarringarichman.

C.Bysublettingtheloungesofa-bedtoherbrother.

D.Bypreparingfoodforphotographsforsomemagazines.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Today’sunder-thirtiesareleadingamiserablelifeinBritain

B.LauraLenox-Conyngham’sattitudetoworkandliferepresentsthatofmanyyoungprofessionalsinBritain

C.Lifecangetharderforunder-thirtiesinBritain

D.EldersenjoyextremelyhighlivingstandardsinBritain

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第二句AntheaTinker…saidthegrowthoftheproportionofpeopleover50hadreversedthetraditionalflowofwealthfromoldertoyoungergenerations.（AntheaTinker表示，50歲以上人口比例的增長逆轉(zhuǎn)了財(cái)富從老一輩流向年輕一代的傳統(tǒng)趨勢。），可知因?yàn)?0歲以上人口比例的增長，財(cái)富從老一輩流向年輕一代的傳統(tǒng)趨勢被逆轉(zhuǎn)。結(jié)合第一段第三句Researchintothelifestylesandprospectsofpeoplewhowerebornsince1970showsthattheyarelikelytofacealifetimeoflongerworkinghours,lowerjobsecurityandhighertaxesthanthepreviousgeneration.（對(duì)1970年以后出生的人的生活方式和前景的研究表明，與上一代人相比，他們可能終生面臨更長的工作時(shí)間、更低的工作保障和更高的稅收。）和第二段第一句ThesefindingsarerevealedinastudyofthewayhowtheageingofBritain’spopulationisaffectingdifferentgenerations.（一項(xiàng)關(guān)于英國人口老齡化如何影響不同世代的研究揭示了這些發(fā)現(xiàn)。），可知AntheaTinker的研究對(duì)老一代和年輕一代的財(cái)富進(jìn)行對(duì)比，是為了證明人口老齡化讓財(cái)富從年輕一代流向老一代，C選項(xiàng)“隨著50歲以上的人口越來越多，出現(xiàn)了財(cái)富從年輕一代流向老一代的趨勢”正確。A選項(xiàng)“目前財(cái)富從老一代流向年輕一代”和B選項(xiàng)“在傳統(tǒng)上財(cái)富從年輕一代流向老一代”：和文中觀點(diǎn)相反，屬于反向干擾。D選項(xiàng)“隨著50歲以上的人口越來越多，傳統(tǒng)被顛覆了”：文中的重點(diǎn)是人口老齡化對(duì)財(cái)富趨勢的影響，而不是對(duì)傳統(tǒng)的改變，屬于曲解原文。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

2.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段第三、四句“Today’soldermiddle-agedandelderlyarebecomingthenewwinners.”shesaid,“Theymaderelativelysmallcontributionsintaxbutnowmakerelativelybigclaimsonthewelfaresystem.”（“如今的中老年人口正在成為新