2022年考研考博-考博英語-華南師范大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)76

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-華南師范大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Manynew（）willbeopenedupinthefutureforthosewithauniversityeducation.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.opportunities

B.necessities

C.realities

D.probabilities

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析A:opportunities“機(jī)會(huì)”；B:necessities“必要性”；C:realities“現(xiàn)實(shí)”；D:probabilities“可能性”。句意：今后，許多新的機(jī)會(huì)將為受過大學(xué)教育的人打開。根據(jù)句意，A為正確答案。

2.單選題

Intheendtheycametotheconclusionthattheevidenceproducedbytheplaintiffwas（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.scarce

B.rare

C.scanty

D.deficient

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A:scarce“罕見的；供不應(yīng)求的”；B:rare“稀罕的”；C:scanty“（大小或數(shù)量）不足的，欠缺的；太少的”；D:deficient“缺乏的；有缺陷的”。句意：最后，他們得出的結(jié)論是：原告提供的證據(jù)不足。此處表達(dá)的是證據(jù)不足，C符合語境，為正確答案。

3.單選題

Aconservativemanalways（）hostilitytothechangesthattakeplaceinthecontemporaryworld.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.cherish

B.embrace

C.embody

D.harbour

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A:cherish“珍愛”；B:embrace“包括；擁抱”；C:embody“表現(xiàn)，象征”；D:harbour“隱匿；懷著；包含，藏有”。句意：一個(gè)保守的人總是對(duì)當(dāng)今世界發(fā)生的變化懷有敵意。根據(jù)語境和句意可知D為正確答案。

4.單選題

Theradioprogramwaspresented（）ajointventurewhichwasregisteredseveralmonthsago.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.bycourtesyof

B.onaccountof

C.byvirtueof

D.intermsof

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組。A:bycourtesyof“蒙……的好意；蒙……提供”；B:onaccountof“由于；基于”；C:byvirtueof“憑借……的力量”；D:intermsof“根據(jù)；用……的話；就……而言”。句意：承蒙數(shù)月前注冊(cè)的合資企業(yè)惠允，電臺(tái)節(jié)目播出了。根據(jù)語境和句意可知A為正確答案。

5.單選題

Initsmostabstractsensetheperceptionofalossofcommunityinmodernsocietyreferstochangesinboththestructureandcontentofpersonalrelationships.Herecommunityisusedtodenoteasenseofcommonidentitybetweenindividuals,andenduringtiesofaffectionandharmonybaseduponpersonalknowledgeandface-to-facecontact.Itisoftencontrastedwiththeimpersonalanddehumanizingaspectsofmodern

life,withtheriseofaselfishindividualism,acalculativeapproachtohumanrelationshipsandthesenseofsocialdislocationpresentunderconditionsofrapidsocialandeconomicchange.Thesejudgmentsweretypifiedbythepessimisticstrandofmucheighteenth-andnineteenth-centuryRomanticism,whichstressedtheunityofmanwithnature,opposedreasonwithsentimentandofferedthoroughgoingcriticismoftheemergingurban,industrialworlD.Theconceptofcommunitywasusedinordertocometotermswiththisnewformofsociety.Thescientificandtechnologicaladvancesofthenewagewerecontrastedwithman’sspiritualandemotionalimpoverishment,inwhichthelossofcommunitywastakenasemblematiC.Thetermwasthereforeusedinaliterallyreactionaryway,asareactiontoboththematerialsqualorandthespiritualdegradationwhichRomanticismassociatedwiththeriseofurbanindustrialism.Communitysignifiedamorehumaneandintimateexistence,morestable,moretraditionalandlesstaintedbytherationalpursuitofself-interest.ThetermwasusedbywriterslikeCobbettandColeridgetoevokealargelymythicalgoldenageinthepre-industrialworld,whereorganiccommunitiesofbeneficentlandownersandmerryrusticslivedahappyArcadianexistenceinthemainlyagriculturalvillagesandsmallmarkettownswhichconstitutedpre-industrial-society.Rapidurbanizationandindustrializationwereaccusedofhavingdestroyedthisnotionofcommunity.

TheIndustrialRevolutionwasbelievedtohavechangednotonlythestructureofsocietybyconcentratinglargenumbersofpeopleincitiesandinfactories,butalsothequalityoftherelationshipsuponwhichasenseofcommunityresteD.Outofthisperceptionthereemergedaverycommonliteraryandculturaltheme,fullyexploredbyRaymondWilliamsintwoofhisbooks,CultureandSocietyandTheCountryandtheCity(Williams,1961,1973).Sinceurbanindustrialismhadbroughtabreakdownofcommunityitfollowedthatrealcommunitiescouldnotexistinthenewindustrialcitiesbutonlyinthecountryside.Thevillagethereforecametoberegardedastheidealcommunity.Theromanticassertionoftheunitofmanwithnaturefounditscounterpartinanidyllicviewofrurallifeasconsistingofharmonyandvirtue.Relationshipsinruralcommunitieswereregardedasmoreindefinablyprofoundandfulfilling,generatingaprevailingsenseofmeaningfulsocialintimacy.Incities,ontheotherhand,itwasbelievedthatthe"unnatural"separationoftheirinhabitantsfromthelandandfromoneanotherprovokeddislocationandasuperficialandalienatingwayoflife.Thistendencytoidentifyasenseofcommunitywithparticularpatternsofsettlementandparticulargeographicallocationshasprovedtobeanimmenselyenduringone.AsWilliamsshows,itisatraditionthathaspenetratedlargeareasofourculture,includingourliterature,ouraesthetics,ourarchitectureandtownandcountryplanning,andevenoursocialscience.SuchatraditioncontinuestoactasafilterthroughwhichtherealityofurbanandrurallifeisconstantlybeinginterpreteD.Eventodaythereisatendencytoregardonlyruralvillagesasrealcommunitieswherewecanfindourroots,whilelifeincitiesisviewedasanecessaryeviltobeavoidedwheneverpossible.

1.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?

2.Theeighteenth-and-nineteenth-centuryRomanticisminsistedthat（）.

3.Theword"emblematic"(ParA.1)mayhavethemeaningof（）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,theconceptofcommunity（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsiscorrectaccordingtothepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.CommunityasCriticismofIndustrialSociety.

B.CommunityintheModernWorld

C.CommunityandChange

D.CommunityandtheSociologicalTradition.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.modernindustrydestroyedpeople'sharmoniousrelationshipwithnature

B.theurbanlifeisanevilthoughthedevelopmentofindustryisnecessary

C.theycreatedtheconceptofcommunitytocometotermswiththemodernworld

D.theindustrialdevelopmentenrichedthelifeofurbaninhabitants

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.poor

B.pessimistic

C.symbolic

D.disastrous

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.isnotcreateduntiltherapidurbanizationandindustrializationoftheIndustrialRevolution

B.refersonlytotheidealofhumanandrusticlifeinthecountryside

C.isalsousedtoindicatethechangeofsocietystructurebyconcentratinglargenumbersofpeopleincities

D.haschangedwhilechangeshavehappenedinthestructureofsociety

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Theconflictbetweenurbanandrurallifehasbeenreflectedindifferentaspectsofourculture.

B.Theidealcommunitywilldisappearwiththescientificandtechnologicadvances.

C.Communitycanonlyexistinthepre-industrialsocietywhenpeoplearelesstaintedbythepursuitofself-interest

D.Theconsequencesofthelossofcommunityforthestabilityofsocietyarewidelyfearedbyeveryone.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。通讀全文分析可知，本文第一段介紹了現(xiàn)代社會(huì)中社區(qū)喪失的表現(xiàn)。在第二段中可以定位到“TheIndustrialRevolutionwasbelievedtohavechangednotonlythestructureofsocietybyconcentratinglargenumbersofpeopleincitiesandinfactories,butalsothequalityoftherelationshipsuponwhichasenseofcommunityrested.”，中文翻譯為：人們認(rèn)為，工業(yè)革命不僅通過將大量人口集中在城市和工廠，而且改變了社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)，而且改變了社區(qū)意識(shí)所依賴的關(guān)系的質(zhì)量。后文也寫到了城市工業(yè)化帶來了社區(qū)的崩潰，以及城市和農(nóng)村的矛盾等。綜合考慮下，A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞eighteenth-and-nineteenth-centuryRomanticism可定位到文章“Thesejudgmentsweretypifiedbythepessimisticstrandofmucheighteenth-andnineteenth-centuryRomanticism,whichstressedtheunityofmanwithnature,opposedreasonwithsentimentandofferedthoroughgoingcriticismoftheemergingurban,industrialworld.”，中文翻譯為：“這些判斷的典型代表是18世紀(jì)和19世紀(jì)浪漫主義的悲觀派，強(qiáng)調(diào)人與自然的統(tǒng)一，以情感反對(duì)理性，并對(duì)新興的城市和工業(yè)世界進(jìn)行徹底的批評(píng)?！币约啊癝inceurbanindustrialismhadbroughtabreakdownofcommunityitfollowedthatrealcommunitiescouldnotexistinthenewindustrialcitiesbutonlyinthecountryside.Thevillagethereforecametoberegardedastheidealcommunity.Theromanticassertionoftheunitofmanwithnaturefounditscounterpartinanidyllicviewofrurallifeasconsistingofharmonyandvirtue.”，中文翻譯為：由于城市工業(yè)化帶來了社區(qū)的崩潰，因此，真正的社區(qū)不可能存在于新的工業(yè)城市，而只存在于農(nóng)村。因此，鄉(xiāng)村被認(rèn)為是理想的社區(qū)。人與自然統(tǒng)一的浪漫主張?jiān)谔飯@詩般的鄉(xiāng)村生活中被認(rèn)為是由和諧和美德構(gòu)成的。可推斷出A項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)代工業(yè)破壞了人與自然的和諧關(guān)系”正確。

3.詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)題干中關(guān)鍵字emblematic可以定位到文章第一段“Thescientificandtechnologicaladvancesofthenewagewerecontrastedwithman’sspiritualandemotionalimpoverishment,inwhichthelossofcommunitywastakenasemblematic.”，中文翻譯為：新時(shí)代的科技進(jìn)步與人類精神上和情感上的貧乏形成了鮮明的對(duì)比，在這種貧窮中，社區(qū)的喪失被視為象征。由語境可知，C項(xiàng)“象征性”正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞theconceptofcommunity可以定位到文章“Theconceptofcommunitywasusedinordertocometotermswiththisnewformofsociety.”，中文翻譯為：為了適應(yīng)這種新的社會(huì)形式，人們使用了社區(qū)的概念，因此D項(xiàng)“社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生變化的時(shí)候，它也已經(jīng)改變了”正確。

5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章“Outofthisperceptionthereemergedaverycommonliteraryandculturaltheme,fullyexploredbyRaymondWilliamsintwoofhisbooks,CultureandSocietyandTheCountryandtheCity(Williams,1961,1973).”，中文翻譯為：從這種觀念出發(fā)，出現(xiàn)了一個(gè)非常普遍的文學(xué)和文化主題，雷蒙德?烕廉姆斯在他的兩本書《文化和社會(huì)》以及《國家和城市》(Williams，1961，1973)中充分探討了這一主題。以及“AsWilliamsshows,itisatraditionthathaspenetratedlargeareasofourculture,includingourliterature,ouraesthetics,ourarchitectureandtownandcountryplanning,andevenoursocialscience.Suchatraditioncontinuestoactasafilterthroughwhichtherealityofurbanandrurallifeisconstantlybeinginterpreted.”，中文翻譯為：正如烕廉斯所表明的那樣，這是一種己經(jīng)滲透到我們文化的很大領(lǐng)域的傳統(tǒng)，包括我們的文學(xué)、美學(xué)、建筑和城鄉(xiāng)規(guī)劃，甚至我們的社會(huì)科學(xué)。這一傳統(tǒng)繼續(xù)充當(dāng)一個(gè)過濾器，通過它不斷解讀城市和農(nóng)村生活的現(xiàn)實(shí)。故答案為A“城市和農(nóng)村生活之間的沖突反映在我們文化的不同方面”。

6.翻譯題

Incontrasttothescienceofclassicalantiquity,modernscienceisbasicallyunfinishedwhereasancientsciencehadtheappearanceofsomethingcompletedtowhichthenotionofprogresswasnotessential.Modernscienceprogressesintotheinfinite.Modernsciencehasrealizedthatafinishedandtotalworld-viewisscientificallyimpossible.Onlywhenscientificcriticismiscrippledbymakingparticularsabsolutecanaclosedviewoftheworldpretendtoscientificvalidity—andthenitisafalsevalidity.Thosegreatnewunifiedsystemsofknowledge—suchasmodernphysics—havegrownupinthescientifictimesonlywithsingleaspectsofreality.Andreality,asawhole,hasbeenfragmentedasneverbefore;whencetheopennessofthemodernworldiscontrasttotheclosedGreekcosmos.

【答案】和古典時(shí)代的科學(xué)相比，現(xiàn)代科學(xué)基本上是未完成狀態(tài)，然而古老科學(xué)有完成某樣?xùn)|西的表象，而且進(jìn)步的概念對(duì)此非常重要?，F(xiàn)代科學(xué)進(jìn)入無限境地。現(xiàn)代科學(xué)已經(jīng)知道，完美無缺的世界觀在科學(xué)上是不可能的。只有當(dāng)科學(xué)批評(píng)因?yàn)榧?xì)節(jié)變成絕對(duì)而被削弱的時(shí)候，僵化自守的世界觀才會(huì)妄稱科學(xué)有效性一一然后，這個(gè)有效性也是虛假的。那些科學(xué)時(shí)代中偉大且新統(tǒng)一的知識(shí)體系一一比如現(xiàn)代物理——只在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活的某方面已經(jīng)逐漸發(fā)展。整體來看，現(xiàn)實(shí)已經(jīng)前所未有的支離破碎。于此，現(xiàn)代世界的開放性與封閉自守的希臘世界形成鮮明對(duì)比。

7.單選題

Themayorisawomanwithgreatand（

）,thereforedeservesourpoliticalandfinancialsupport.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.intention

B.instinct

C.integrity

D.intensity

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)intention“意圖，目的”；B選項(xiàng)instinct“本能，天性”；C選項(xiàng)integrity“正直，完整”；D選項(xiàng)intensity“劇烈，強(qiáng)度”。句意：市長(zhǎng)是一位十分正直的女性，所以值得我們給予政治和經(jīng)濟(jì)上的支持。A，B和D項(xiàng)不與with搭配，結(jié)合句意，C選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Ihaveneverlaid（）tobeinganexpertinthisfield.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.reclaim

B.exclamation

C.affirmation

D.claim

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。layclaimto“聲稱……的權(quán)力，自稱有知識(shí)等”。句意：我從不認(rèn)為自己是這個(gè)領(lǐng)域的專家。結(jié)合句意，故D為正確答案。

9.單選題

HiseffortstobringaboutareconciliationbetweenthetwoParties（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.cameoff

B.cameon

C.cameround

D.camedown

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組。A選項(xiàng)comeoff“舉行，發(fā)生；實(shí)現(xiàn)，成功”；B選項(xiàng)comeon“逐漸開始，催促”；C選項(xiàng)comeround/around“恢復(fù)（知覺），還原”；D選項(xiàng)comedown“跌落，失去財(cái)富或地位，傳遞”。句意：他為促成雙方和解而付出的努力取得了成功。結(jié)合此處語境，A選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Thefactthatthegoldeneagleusuallybuildsitsnestonsomehighcliffs（

）italmostimpossibletoobtaintheeggsortheyoungbirds.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.renders

B.reckons

C.regards

D.relates

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)render“致使”；B選項(xiàng)reckon“計(jì)算；認(rèn)為，把……看作”；C選項(xiàng)regard“看待，認(rèn)為”；D選項(xiàng)relate“有聯(lián)系，連接”。句意：金雕通常將巢筑在高高的懸崖上，這一事實(shí)使得獲取鳥蛋或小鳥幾乎不可能。結(jié)合句意，可知A選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

TheAmericansocietyis（

）anexceedinglyshakyfoundationofnaturalresourceswhichisconnectedwiththepossibilityofaworseningenvironment.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.establishedon

B.affiliatedto

C.originatedfrom

D.incorporatedwith

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。（be）establishedon“建立在……之上”。句意：美國社會(huì)是建立在一種極其不穩(wěn)固的自然資源基礎(chǔ)上的，這與可能惡化的環(huán)境有聯(lián)系。結(jié)合此處語義，A選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Youdon’thavetoinstallthisradioinyournewcar,it’san（

）extra.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.excessive

B.optional

C.additional

D.arbitrary

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)excessive“過多的，過分的，額外的”；B選項(xiàng)optional“可選擇的，隨意的”；C選項(xiàng)additional“另外的，附加的，額外的”；D選項(xiàng)arbitrary“任意的，武斷的，獨(dú)裁的”。句意：你不一定非得在新車上安裝收音機(jī)，它是可選的配件。結(jié)合此處語義，B選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Thepresidentplacedawreathonthemonumenttotheheroesandthenmadeaspeechtopay（）tothegreatachievementsofthemartyrs.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.compliment

B.gratitude

C.tribute

D.commendation

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A:compliment“恭維；敬意”；B:gratitude“感激”；C:tribute“致敬；悼念”；D:commendation“表揚(yáng)；嘉獎(jiǎng)狀”。句意：總統(tǒng)在紀(jì)念碑上放了一個(gè)花圈敬給英雄們，然后，發(fā)表講話，以致敬烈士的偉大成就。根據(jù)語境和句意，C最合適。

14.翻譯題

Directions:PutthefollowingpassageintoChinese.WriteyourChineseversionintheproperspaceontheAnswerSheet.

Thisgreaterinterdependenceisnotlimitedtothefinancialsector.Thenewchallengesoftodayareglobalinnatureandtherefore,theydemandaglobalresponse.Thisappliestoissuessuchasclimatechange,eneigysecurity,terrorismprevention,traffickingandorganizedcrime.Wecannolongermeetthesechallengesbyclosingthedoorandsimplylookingafterourownhouse.Instead,wemustreachoutandseekcooperation,wherevercooperationismoreeffective.Theworldiscurrentlywitnessingthebroadestanddeepestwaveofglobalizationeverproducinggreatopportunitiesbutalsosomerisks.GlobalizationhashelpedhundredsofmillionsfrompovertyandprovidedbusinesseswiththepossibilitytoinvestandexpandabroaD.Butthosesamebusinessesknowthattheycannolongerliveonpastachievements.Whenwespeakofglobalization,itisimportanttounderstandthatopennessandinterdependencearetherulesofthegame.

Ourcooperationinthefightagainstclimatechangeisparticularlyimportant.Weallknowthatclimatechangeisreal,thatitiscausedbyhumanactivity,andthatitsconsequencesareuniversalandwillbefeltfirstandforemostbythepoorest.Itwillservelittlepurposeifothercountriesdonotjoinincommonaction.Yes,thereisacosttoreducingemissions,butthecostofglobalwarmingandnotjustinthelongtermisgoingtobefarhigher,includingforChina.

【答案】我們之間日益加深的相互依存并不局限于金融領(lǐng)域。今天我們實(shí)際面臨的許多新挑戰(zhàn)都是全球性的，因此需要全球做出共同應(yīng)對(duì)。這其中包括了氣候變化、能源安全、制止恐怖主義、販賣毒品和有組織犯罪等。我們已經(jīng)不能以關(guān)起門來獨(dú)善其身的方式應(yīng)對(duì)這些挑戰(zhàn)。相反，我們必須伸出雙手尋求合作，因?yàn)楹献髂軌蚋行У亟鉀Q這些問題。世界正經(jīng)歷著一波最為廣泛和深刻的全球化浪潮，這為我們提供了巨大的機(jī)會(huì)，但同時(shí)也帶來了一些風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。全球化已幫助數(shù)以億計(jì)的人們擺脫了貧困，并且給企業(yè)提供了進(jìn)行海外投資和擴(kuò)張的機(jī)會(huì)。但那些企業(yè)也意識(shí)到不能夠滿足于自己過去取得的成就。提到全球化，我們必須清楚公開和相互依存是其游戲的規(guī)則。

我們?cè)趹?yīng)對(duì)氣候變化方面的合作尤其重要。我們現(xiàn)在都認(rèn)識(shí)到氣候的變化是實(shí)實(shí)在在的，這一變化由人類活動(dòng)引發(fā)，其影響是全球性的并且將首先波及最貧困的人口。如果其他國家不參與共同行動(dòng)，那么，我們的努力將不會(huì)產(chǎn)生結(jié)果。是的，我們將為減少溫室氣體排放付出代價(jià)，但我們可能在并不遙遠(yuǎn)的將來為全球變暖付出遠(yuǎn)高于此的代價(jià)，中國也不例外。

15.單選題

Thiscountry'sdevelopmentofsciencewasgreatlyunderminedforlargenumbersofscientific（）wereejectedfromtheirmotherlandsincethedictatorcameintopower.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.galaxy

B.elite

C.personnel

D.swarm

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A:galaxy“銀河”；B:elite“精英”；C:personnel“全體人員”；D:swarm“一大群”。句意：這個(gè)國家的科學(xué)發(fā)展受到嚴(yán)重破壞，因?yàn)樽詮莫?dú)裁者掌握政權(quán)，大量的科學(xué)精英就離開了故鄉(xiāng)。由句意可知B為正確答案。

16.單選題

My（）isforwildflowersratherthancultivatedones.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inclination

B.favorite

C.preference

D.fondness

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A:inclination“意向；傾向；愛好”；B:favorite“特別喜愛的人（或物）”；C:preference“喜好；偏好；偏愛”；D:fondness“喜歡；喜愛”。句意：我偏愛野生花而不是栽培花。根據(jù)語境和句意，這里含有比較級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)，因此C最合適。

17.單選題

Toimpressafutureemployeroneshoulddressneatly,be（

）,anddisplayinterestinthejob.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.swift

B.instant

C.timely

D.punctual

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)swift“迅速的，敏捷的，立刻的”；B選項(xiàng)instant“立即的，直接的，緊迫的”；C選項(xiàng)timely“及時(shí)的”；D選項(xiàng)punctual“按時(shí)的，準(zhǔn)時(shí)的”。句意：要想給未來老板留下好印象，應(yīng)聘者應(yīng)穿著整齊，嚴(yán)格準(zhǔn)時(shí)，并且表現(xiàn)出對(duì)工作的興趣。結(jié)合句意，D選項(xiàng)正確。

18.單選題

Hehad（）tobehereatteno'clock,butbecauseofatrafficaccident,hedidn'tshowupuntilmidnight.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.overtaken

B.undertaken

C.guaranteed

D.warranted

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A:overtake“趕上”；B:undertake“承擔(dān)”；C:guarantee“保證”；D:warrant“擔(dān)?！?。句意：他承諾十一點(diǎn)到這里，但是由于出了車禍，他直到午夜才出現(xiàn)。結(jié)合句意，答案為選項(xiàng)C。

19.單選題

Oneafternoonwhileshewaspreparingdinnerinherkitchen,AnnePeters,a32-year-oldAmericanhousewife,suddenlyhadseverepainsinherchestaccompaniedbyshortnessofbreath.Frightenedbythethoughtthatshewashavingaheartattack,Annescreamedforhelp.HerhusbandimmediatelyrushedAnnetoanearbyhospitalwhereherpainswerediagnosedashavingbeencausedbypanic,andnotaheartattack.

MoreandmoreAmericansnowadaysarehavingpanicattacksliketheoneexperiencedbyAnnePeters.BenjaminCrocker,apsychologistattheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia,revealthatasmanyastenmillionadultAmericanshavealreadyexperiencedorwillexperienceatleastonepanicattackintheirlifetime.Moreover,studiesconductedbytheNationalInstituteofMentalHealthintheUnitedStatesdisclosethatapproximately1.2millionadultindividualsarecurrently

sufferingfromsevereandrecurrentpanicattacks.

Theseattacksmaylastforonlyafewminutes;some,however,continueforseveralhours.Thesymptomsofpanicattacksbearsuchremarkablesimilaritytothoseofheartattacksthatmanyvictimsbelievethattheyareindeedhavingaheartattack.

Panicattackvictimsshowthefollowingsymptoms:theyoftenbecomeeasilyfrightenedorfeeluneasyinsituationswherepeoplenormallywouldnotbeafraid;theysuffershortnessofbreath,experiencechestpains,aquickheartbeat,suddenfitsoftrembling,afeelingthatpersonsandthingsaroundthemarenotreal;andmostofall,afearofdyingorgoingcrazy.Apersonseizedbyapanicattackmayshowallorasfewasfourofthesesymptoms.

Therehasbeenalotofexplanationsastothecausesofpanicattacks.Manyclaimthatpsychologicalstresscouldbealogicalcause,butasyet,noevidencehasbeenfoundtosupportthistheory.However,studiesshowthatmorewomenthanmenexperiencepanicattacksandpeoplewhodrinkalotaswellasthosewhousedrugsaremorelikelytosufferattacks.

Itisreportedthatthereareatleastthreesignsthatindicateapersonissufferingfromapanicattackratherthanaheartattack.Thefirstisage.Peoplebetweentheagesof20and30aremoreoftenvictimsofpanicattacks.Thesecondissex.Morewomensufferfromrecurrentpanicattacksthanmen.Thethirdisthemultiplicityofsymptoms.Apanicattackvictimusuallysuffersatleastfourofthepreviouslymentionedsymptoms,whileaheartattackvictimoftenexperiencesonlypainandshortnessofbreath.

Itisgenerallyagreedthatapanicattackdoesnotdirectlyendangeraperson'slife.Allthesame,itcanunnecessarilydisruptaperson'slifebymakinghimorhersoafraidofhavingapanicattackinapublicplacethatheorshemayrefusetoleavehomeandmayeventuallybecomeisolatedfromtherestofsociety.Dr.Crocker'sadvicetoanypersonwhothinksherissufferingfromapanicattackistoconsultadoctorforamedicalexaminationtoruleoutthepossibilitiesofphysicalillnessfirst.Onceithasbeenconfirmedthatheorsheis,infact,sufferingfrompanicattack,thevictimshouldseekpsychologicalandmedicalhelp.

1.Accordingtothepassage,panicattackis（

）.

2.Onefactorbothpanicandheartattackshaveincommonis（

）.

3.Itisindicatedinthelastparagraphthatpanicattackmay（

）.

4.Dr.Crockersuggeststhatforpanicattacksufferers,（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.bothfrighteningandfatal

B.actuallyaformofheartattack

C.morecommonamongwomenthanmen

D.likelytolastseveralhours

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.afeelingoffaintness.

B.uncontrollablemovements

C.ahorrorofgoingmad

D.difficultyinbreathing.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.makeavictimreluctanttoleavehomeanymore.

B.threatenavictim'sphysicalwell-being.

C.causeserioussocialproblemsforthevictim'sfamily.

D.preventavictimfromenjoyingsportanymore.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.physicalfitnessisnotsocrucial

B.amedicalcheckupisneededtoconfirmtheillness.

C.psychologicalandmedicalhelpisnecessary

D.nutritionaladviceisessentialtocurethedisease.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)C選項(xiàng)“婦女比男子更普遍”可定位到文章第五段“However,studiesshowthatmorewomenthanmenexperiencepanicattacksandpeoplewhodrinkalotaswellasthosewhousedrugsaremorelikelytosufferattacks.”，中文翻譯為：不過，研究表明，女人得恐慌癥的比男人多，酗酒者和吸毒者更容易得恐慌癥。故選C。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可以定位到文章第四段“Panicattackvictimsshowthefollowingsymptoms:theyoftenbecomeeasilyfrightenedorfeeluneasyinsituationswherepeoplenormallywouldnotbeafraid;theysuffershortnessofbreath,experiencechestpains,aquickheartbeat,suddenfitsoftrembling,afeelingthatpersonsandthingsaroundthemarenotreal;andmostofall,afearofdyingorgoingcrazy.Apersonseizedbyapanicattackmayshowallorasfewasfourofthesesymptoms.”，中文翻譯為：恐怖癥患者表現(xiàn)出以下癥狀：他們常常很容易受到驚嚇，在一般人不會(huì)害怕的環(huán)境中感到不安；他們呼吸短促，胸痛，心跳加快，突然一陣顫抖，感覺周圍的人和事物都不是真實(shí)的；最重要的是，對(duì)死亡或發(fā)瘋的恐懼。一個(gè)驚恐發(fā)作的人可能會(huì)表現(xiàn)出這些癥狀的全部或少至四種。以及第六段“Apanicattackvictimusuallysuffersatleastfourofthepreviouslymentionedsymptoms,whileaheartattackvictimoftenexperiencesonlypainandshortnessofbreath.”，中文翻譯為：一個(gè)恐慌癥病人通常至少會(huì)有四種前面談到的癥狀，而心臟病患者往往只感覺到疼痛和呼吸急促。因此可知D項(xiàng)“呼吸困難”正確。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可以定位到文章尾段“Itisgenerallyagreedthatapanicattackdoesnotdirectlyendangeraperson'slife.Allthesame,itcanunnecessarilydisruptaperson'slifebymakinghimorhersoafraidofhavingapanicattackinapublicplacethatheorshemayrefusetoleavehomeandmayeventuallybecomeisolatedfromtherestofsociety.”，中文翻譯為：人們普遍認(rèn)為恐慌癥的發(fā)作不會(huì)直接危及一個(gè)人的生命。盡管如此，它會(huì)不必要地?cái)_亂一個(gè)人的生活，使他或她非常害怕在公共場(chǎng)所出現(xiàn)恐慌癥發(fā)作，他或她可能會(huì)拒絕離開家，最終可能會(huì)與社會(huì)隔離。判斷出A項(xiàng)“使患者不再愿意離開家門”正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章尾段“Dr.Crocker'sadvicetoanypersonwhothinksherissufferingfromapanicattackistoconsultadoctorforamedicalexaminationtoruleoutthepossibilitiesofphysicalillnessfirst.Onceithasbeenconfirmedthatheorsheis,infact,sufferingfrompanicattack,thevictimshouldseekpsychologicalandmedicalhelp.”，中文翻譯為：克羅克爾博士建議任何自以為得了恐慌癥的人要去看醫(yī)生，進(jìn)行醫(yī)療檢查，以首先排除身體疾病的可能性。一旦被確診真的得了恐慌癥，患者應(yīng)尋求心理和醫(yī)療的幫助。故答案為C“心理和醫(yī)療幫助是必要的”。

20.單選題

Inmostcasespoliticiansare（）astheyseldomtellthetruth.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.skeptical

B.pessimistic

C.incredulous

D.incredible

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A:skeptical“懷疑的，多疑的”；B:pessimistic“悲觀的”；C:incredulous“懷疑的”；D:incredible“難以相信的”。句意：在大多數(shù)情況下，政治家都是難以相信的，因?yàn)樗麄兒苌僬f實(shí)話。結(jié)合此處句意，政治家很少說實(shí)話，判斷出選項(xiàng)D為正確答案。

21.單選題

（）theadvancesofsciencethediscomfortsofoldagewillnodoubtalwaysbewithus.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Asfor

B.Except

C.Besides

D.Despite

【答案】D

【解析】考查介詞。A:asfor“至于”；B:except“除……之外”；C:besides“除……之外（還有）”；D:despite“盡管”。句意：盡管科學(xué)不斷發(fā)展，老年的疼痛無疑總是伴隨著我們。結(jié)合此處語境，D為正確答案。

22.翻譯題

人類文明——任何形式的人類文明，都可以說是一種大的信息系統(tǒng)。第一個(gè)階段是語言，有了語言才能共同占有經(jīng)驗(yàn)，才能集體記憶，才能集體積累知識(shí)。然后便是記寫，記寫提供了一種不太容易消失的、更容易傳遞的記憶形式。之后便出現(xiàn)了印刷，從而使信息傳播大大增加。

現(xiàn)代電子學(xué)正在為我們提供嶄新而功能更強(qiáng)的方法，來收集、加工、處理和傳遞。正是這種發(fā)展的一個(gè)非凡特征，才使得能力的巨大提高卻沒有給能源或稀少的材料造成負(fù)擔(dān)。相反，設(shè)備變得越來越小，甚至在同樣的工作性能情況下，價(jià)格越來越便宜。只需要看袖珍計(jì)算器，微型計(jì)算機(jī)，電子表和電子游戲機(jī)，便可知道確實(shí)是如此。

【答案】Itcanbesaidthatanyformofhumancivilizationisalargeinformationsystem.Thefirststageislanguage.Onlywithlanguagecanweshareexperienceandhavecollectivememoryaswellasaccumulateknowledgecollectively.Thesecondstepistowritedown.Writinghasofferedaformofmemorythatislesslikelytodisappearandmoreeasilytransmitted.Thenprintinggreatlyhasincreasedthedisseminationofinformation.

Modernelectronicsisprovidinguswithnewandmorepowerfulwaystocollect,process,processanddeliver.Itisaremarkablefeatureofthisdevelopmentthatgreatlyincreasesabilitywithoutposingburdenonenergyorscarcematerials.Rather,devicesaregettingsmallerandevencheaperunderthesameperformanceconditions,whichisprovedbypocketcalculator,microcomputer,electronicwatchandelectronicgamemachine.

23.單選題

Thoughheisacompetentengineer,itdoesno（）thathewillmakeasuccessfulfactorydirector.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.conclude

B.follow

C.deduce

D.doom

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A:conclude“結(jié)束；終止”；B:follow“跟隨，接著”；C:deduce“推論，推斷”；D:doom“命運(yùn)；厄運(yùn)”。句意：雖然他是一名稱職的工程師，但是，并不能推斷他將成為一名成功的廠長(zhǎng)。結(jié)合語境，故選C選項(xiàng)。

24.單選題

Itisnaturalformeto（）onhismotivesforthevisitsforwehavenotbeenonspeakingtermsformanyyears.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.reflect

B.suppose

C.speculate

D.meditate

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。A:reflecton“仔細(xì)想；回憶；反省”；B:supposeon“猜想”；C:speculateon“推測(cè)；猜測(cè)；推斷”；D:meditateon“沉思；打算”。句意：我很自然地猜測(cè)到他訪問的動(dòng)機(jī)，因?yàn)槲覀兌嗄陙硪恢睕]有談過話。根據(jù)語境和句意，這里所指的是猜測(cè)、推測(cè)，因此C最合適。

25.單選題

Whenthecommittee（

）todetails,theproposedplanseemedimpractical.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.gotdown

B.setabout

C.wentoff

D.cameup

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組getdowndosth./doingsth.“開始認(rèn)真注意（或?qū)Υ┠呈隆?。句意：?dāng)委員會(huì)著手討論所提出的計(jì)劃的細(xì)節(jié)時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)該計(jì)劃似乎并不實(shí)際。結(jié)合句意可知A選項(xiàng)正確。

26.單選題

Itisnowonderthattheyalwayshold（）hopeforthefuturebecausetheyareraisedinthegreenhouse.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.exaggerated

B.amplified

C.extravagant

D.luxurious

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A:exaggerated“夸大的，言過其實(shí)的”；B:amplified“擴(kuò)大；放大”；C:extravagant“過度的，過分的；浪費(fèi)的”；D:luxurious“奢侈的”。句意：難怪他們總是對(duì)未來抱有夸大的希望，因?yàn)樗麄兪窃跍厥依镩L(zhǎng)大的。結(jié)合語境，故A為正確答案。

27.單選題

Thesheerdiversityoftropicalplantsrepresentsaseemingly（）sourceofrawmaterials,ofwhichonlyafewhavebeenutilize.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.exploited

B.quantifiable

C.controversial

D.inexhaustible

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A:exploited“開采；利用”；B:quantifiable“可以計(jì)量的”；C:controversial“有爭(zhēng)議的”；D:inexhaustible“無窮無盡的”。句意：熱帶植物絕對(duì)的多樣性似乎表明有無窮無盡的原材料資源，而這些原材料只有小部分被使用。根據(jù)語境和句意可知D最合適。

28.單選題

Hisuseofcolor,lightandformquicklydepartedfromtheconventionalstyleofhis（）ashedevelopedhisowntechnique.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.descendants

B.predecessors

C.successors

D.ancestors

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析題。A:descendant“后代”；B:predecessor“前輩”；C:successor“繼任者，繼承人”；D:ancestor“祖先”。句意：隨著他發(fā)展自己的技術(shù)，他對(duì)顏色、光線和形式的使用迅速地背離了他前輩的傳統(tǒng)風(fēng)格。結(jié)合句意，故B為正確答案。

29.單選題

Underthepresentsystem,stateenterprisesmust（）allprofitstothegovernment.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.turndown

B.turnto

C.turnout

D.turnin

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組。A:turndown“減少；關(guān)小”；B:turnto“求助于……”；C:turnout“結(jié)果是；關(guān)掉”；D:turnin“上交；歸還”。句意：在現(xiàn)行制度下，國有企業(yè)必須向政府上交全部利潤。根據(jù)語境可知D為正確答案。

30.單選題

Theenvelopearrivedwiththeoldaddress（）,andthenewonewrittenalongsideit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.leftout

B.crossedout

C.cutout

D.fallen

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組。A:leftout“遺漏；忽略”；B:crossedout“勾掉，劃掉”；C:cutout“停止；裁剪”；D:fallen“倒下”。句意：信封上的舊地址劃掉了，旁邊寫著新地址。結(jié)合此處語境，B為正確答案。

31.單選題

Thegreatestadvantageofthemarketeconomyisthatitcan（）thedistributionofthenaturalresourcesandmanpower.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.optimize

B.maximize

C.minimize

D.allocate

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A:optimize“使最優(yōu)化；使盡可能有效”；B:maximize“最大化”；C:minimize“最小化”；D:allocate“分配”。句意：市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的最大優(yōu)勢(shì)是它能最優(yōu)化自然資源和人力的分配。結(jié)合語境，由前文談及了市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的優(yōu)勢(shì)，以及賓語“distribution分配”可知，A為正確答案。

32.單選題

He（）ofhavingmissedagoodopportunitytostudyabroadbuthe"knewitwasnousecryingoverspiltmilk.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.wept

B.mourned

C.grieved

D.repented

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A:weep“哭泣”；B:mourn“哀傷”；C:grieve“悲痛”；D:repent“后悔”。句意：他后悔錯(cuò)過了一個(gè)出國留學(xué)的好機(jī)會(huì)，但是他知道“覆水難收”。結(jié)合句意，可知D為正確答案。

33.單選題

The