2022年考研考博-考博英語-全國醫(yī)學(xué)統(tǒng)考考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號60

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-全國醫(yī)學(xué)統(tǒng)考考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

3.

問題1選項

A.He’llgotoseeMr.Whiteat10:30.

B.He’dliketomakeanearlierappointment.

C.He’dliketocanceltheappointment.

D.He’dliketoseeanotherdentist.

【答案】B

【解析】M:Mytoothisbotheringme.WhencanIseeDr.White?

W:Howabouttomorrow?10:30OK?

M:Isn’tthereanythingearlier?

W:No.ButIwillcallyouifthereisacancellationbeforethen.

Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?

【解析】男士說：Isn’tthereanythingearlier?(有沒有辦法早點兒？)，由此可知他想早些看醫(yī)生。

2.單選題

5.

問題1選項

A.Apatient.

B.Adoctor.

C.Ateacher.

D.Astudent.

【答案】D

【解析】W:WhenaredoctorPeterman’sofficehours?

M:Monday,WednesdayandFridayfrom10a.m.tonoon.

W:That’snotveryconvenientforme.Ihavepathologyclassthen.

Q:Whatistheman?

【解析】推斷題。女士回答說：Ihavepathologyclassthen（那時我有病理學(xué)課），據(jù)此推斷他們?yōu)閷W(xué)生。

3.單選題

26-30

問題1選項

A.Eight-year-olds.

B.Twelve-year-olds.

C.Seventeen-year-olds.

D.Adults.

問題2選項

A.TheuseoffMRI.

B.Theuseofcomputertasks.

C.Thethree-waydivisionofthesubjects.

D.Theinstructionsgiventothesubjects.

問題3選項

A.12-year-oldsrespondstronglytonegativefeedback.

B.12-year-oldsfunctionthesameas8-year-olds.

C.8-year-oldsfunctionalmostthesameasadults.

D.12-year-oldsfunctionalmostthesameasadults.

問題4選項

A.Notbad.

B.Excellent.

C.Notsogood.

D.Gotitwrongthistime.30.

問題5選項

A.Scientists.

B.Thegeneralpublic.

C.Teachersatthekindergarten.

D.ChildrenwithAttentionDeficitDisorder

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】Eight-year-oldchildrenhavearadicallydifferentlearningstrategyfromtwelve-year-oldsandadults.(29)Eight-year-oldslearnprimarilyfrompositivefeedback,whereasnegativefeedbackscarcelycausesanyalarmbellstoring.(26)Twelve-year-oldsarebetterabletoprocessnegativefeedback,anduseittolearnfromtheirmistakes.Adultsdothesame,butmoreefficiently.DrEvelineCroneandhercolleaguesfromtheLeidenBrainandCognitionLabusedfMRIresearchtocomparethebrainsofthreedifferentagegroups:childrenofeighttonineyears,childrenofeleventotwelveyears,andadultsagedbetween18and25years.(27)Thisthree-waydivisionhadneverbeenmadebefore;thecomparisonisgenerallymadebetweenchildrenandadults.Croneherselfwassurprisedattheoutcome:(28)“Wehadexpectedthatthebrainsofeight-year-oldswouldfunctioninexactlythesamewayasthebrainsoftwelve-year-olds,butmaybenotquitesowell.Childrenlearnthewholetime,sothisnewknowledgecanhavemajorconsequencesforpeoplewantingtoteachchildren:howcanyoubestrelayinstructionstoeight-andtwelve-year-olds?”Theresearchersgavechildrenofbothagegroupsandadultsaged18to25acomputertaskwhiletheylayintheMRIscanner.Thetaskrequiredthemtodiscoverrules.Iftheydidthiscorrectly,atickappearedonthescreen,otherwiseacrossappeared.MRIscansshowedwhichpartsofthebrainwereactivated.ThesesurprisingresultssetCronethinking.“Youstarttothinklessintermsof‘good’and‘notsogood’.Childrenofeightmaywellbeabletolearnextremelydifferently,onlytheydoitinadifferentway.”

26.Accordingtothetalk,whichofthefollowinggroupscanbestlearnfromtheirmistakes?

【解析】根據(jù)錄音可知，與8歲左右的孩子比較起來，12歲的孩子能接受負(fù)面反饋并從錯誤中學(xué)習(xí)，成年人也會如此，但更有效率(moreefficiently)。因此，本題選D。

27.WhatisnewaboutDr.Crone’sresearch?

【解析】短文中說：Thisthree-waydivisionhadneverbeenmadebefore，即這種三個層次的分界以前從未有過。因此本題正確答案為C。

28.WhathadDr.Croneandhercolleaguesexpected?

【解析】Crone博士和同事對結(jié)果也是大吃一驚，他們原本認(rèn)為(hadexpected)8歲孩子與12歲孩子的大腦工作方式會完全一致，結(jié)果卻不是。因此本題正確答案為B。.

29.Whichofthefollowingfeedbackcanbeststimulatetheeightyear-oldstolearn?

【解析】從錄音中可知，8歲的孩子在正面反饋的刺激下會做得更好。這也是他們與12歲孩子不一樣的地方。故本題答案為A。

30.Accordingtothetalk,whichgroupofpeoplewouldlearnandbenefitmost?

【解析】錄音中提到，thisnewknowledgecanhavemajorconsequencesforpeoplewantingtoteachchildren(這種新知識對想教孩子學(xué)習(xí)的人來講有重要的意義)。因此本題正確答案為C。

4.單選題

14.

問題1選項

A.Sheisabsent-minded.

B.Sheisinhighspirits.

C.Sheisindifferent.

D.Sheiscompassionate.

【答案】D

【解析】W:Here’sanextrablanket.Letmetuckyouin.

M:You’resosweet.Whatisyourname?

W:MynameisAlice.I’llbeonshiftduringthedayforthenextfewdays.

Q:Whatcanbesaidofthewoman?

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。對話中女士要給男士加一條毛毯，男士說：You’resosweet，可知女士非常熱心。

5.單選題

4.

問題1選項

A.Fullnessinthestomach.

B.Occasionalstomachache.

C.Stomachdistention.

D.Frequentbelches.

【答案】B

【解析】M:Howlonghaveyoubeenhavingthisproblem?

W:ItstartedinJune,soformorethan5monthsnow.Mystomachhurtsaftersomemealsbutnotalways.

Q:Whatdoesthewomancomplainof?

【解析】推斷題。女士說：Mystomachhurtsaftersomemealsbutnotalways（進(jìn)食后胃部會有疼痛的時候，但并非常態(tài)）。

6.單選題

問題1選項

A.Heisababysitter.

B.Heisanoncologist.

C.Heisapediatrician.

D.Heisanobstetrician.

【答案】D

【解析】12.M:Now,wouldyoupleaseliedownonthecouch?I’lltakealookatthebaby.I’lljustmeasuretoseewhatheightitis.Thebabyseemsslightlysmall.

W:Howdoyouknowthat?

M:Imeasurefromthetopofyourwombtoyourpubicbone.Thenumberofcentimetersisroughlyequaltothenumberofweeksyou’repregnant.

Q:Whatdoesthemando?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實細(xì)節(jié)題。題干為：這個男人是做什么的？由文中“Imeasurefromthetopofyourwombtoyourpubicbone.Thenumberofcentimetersisroughlyequaltothenumberofweeksyou’repregnant.（我測量了一下你子宮頂端到恥骨的長度。這個長度大致和你懷孕周數(shù)一致）”，可知這個男人是產(chǎn)科醫(yī)生，所以D選項“Heisanobstetrician.（他是產(chǎn)科醫(yī)生）”符合原文。A選項“他是個保姆”；B選項“他是個腫瘤醫(yī)師”；C選項“他是個兒科醫(yī)生”不符合原文。

7.單選題

11.

問題1選項

A.Thechemistryhomeworkisdifficult.

B.Thechemistryhomeworkisfun.

C.Themathhomeworkisdifficult.

D.Themathhomeworkisfun.

【答案】A

【解析】M:Catherine,howisthemathhomeworkcoming?

W:That’sapieceofcake.Butthechemistryhomeworkisreallyahardnuttocrack.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?

【解析】對話中女士說數(shù)學(xué)作業(yè)apieceofcake，即“小菜一碟”，但是chemistryhomeworkisreallyahardnuttocrack，即化學(xué)作業(yè)非常棘手。

8.單選題

1.

問題1選項

A.Howtodealwithhissleepingproblem.

B.Thecauseofhissleepingproblem.

C.Whatfollowshisinsomnia.

D.Theseverityofhismedicalproblem.

【答案】A

【解析】M:WhatabouttheproblemthatI’vebeenhavinginsleeping?

W:Iamgoingtogiveyouaprescriptionofsomemedicinetohelpyougetabetternight’ssleep.

Q:Whatdoesthemanwanttoknow?

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。通過對話得知，男士睡眠不好，女士要給他開藥改善睡眠。

9.單選題

問題1選項

A.Animalabuseorcruelty.

B.Theevolutionofanimals.

C.Thehistoryofanimalhunting.

D.Anendangeredanimalspecies.

【答案】D

【解析】2.W:TheSiberiantigersarethelargestlivinganimalsinthecatfamily.Unfortunately,thereareonlyafewhundredalivenow.

M:Mygreatgrandfatherwasahunter,andheusedtohuntSiberiantigers.Ireallywishhehadn’t.

Q:Whatarethetwospeakerstalkingabout?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實細(xì)節(jié)題。題干為：這兩個人在談?wù)撌裁矗坑晌闹小癟heSiberiantigersarethelargestlivinganimalsinthecatfamily.Unfortunately,thereareonlyafewhundredalivenow.（西伯利亞虎是現(xiàn)存最大的貓科動物。不幸的是，現(xiàn)在只有幾百只還活著。）”，可知他們在談?wù)摰氖恰盀l臨滅絕的野生動物”，所以D選項“Anendangeredanimalspecies（一種瀕臨滅絕的動物）”符合原文。A選項“殘酷的虐待動物”；B選項“動物的進(jìn)化”；C選項“動物狩獵的歷史”不符合原文。

10.單選題

Virtually,everycellinthebodycontainsitsowncircadianclockmachinery.

問題1選項

A.Practically

B.Naturally

C.Superficially

D.Thoroughly

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.practically實際上地B.naturally自然而然地

C.superficially表面上地D.thoroughly徹底地；完全地

【答案】A

【考查點】副詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)句意：實際上，身體里的每個細(xì)胞都包含自己的生物鐘機(jī)制。可知劃線單詞Virtually在本句當(dāng)中表達(dá)“實際上”，因此該題選A。

【干擾項排除】B、C、D選項均不符合句意。

【句意】實際上，身體里的每個細(xì)胞都包含自己的生物鐘機(jī)制。

11.單選題

2.

問題1選項

A.Tuberculosis(肺結(jié)核).

B.Rhinitis(鼻炎).

C.Laryngitis(喉炎).

D.Flu.

【答案】D

【解析】W:Goodafternoon,doctor.Ihaveaterribleheadache.YesterdayIhadarunnynose.Nowmynoseisstuffedup.

M:Letmegiveyouanexamination.First,letmehavealookatyourthroat.Ok,nowletmeexamineyourchest.Doyouhaveahistoryoftuberculosis?

W:No,Idon’tthinkso.

M:Yourthroatisinflamedandyourtongueisthicklycoated.Youhaveallthesymtomsofinfluenza.

Q:Whatisthewomansufferingfrom?

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。醫(yī)生說：Youhaveallthesymptomsofinfluenza，即他認(rèn)為女士有流感的所有癥狀。

12.單選題

26-30

問題1選項

A.Helplessnessandworthlessness.

B.Feelinglikealoser.

C.Suicidalfeeling.

D.Alloftheabove.

問題2選項

A.Itencouragesthepatienttobeatopstudentatschool.

B.Itmotivatesthepatienttoworkbetterthanothers.

C.Itmakesiteasyforthepatienttomakefriends.

D.Ithelpsthepatientholdapositiveattitude.

問題3選項

A.Byencouragingthepatienttodotheoppositeatschool.

B.Byurgingthepatienttofaceanychallengeinreality.

C.Bymakingthepatientawareofhisorherexistence.

D.Bychangingthepatient’sperspective.

問題4選項

A.Thosewhostoptakingantidepressants.

B.Thosewhoaskformoremedications.

C.Thosewhoareonthemedications.

D.Thosewhoabusethemedications.

問題5選項

A.Anxiousness.

B.Nausea.

C.Fever.

D.Insomnia.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】“Mostpeoplethinkwhentheyaredepressed,itjustmeansyoufeelsad”,saysDoctorR,apsychiatristwithCornelluniversitymedicalcollege.Infact,theso-callcommonestsymptomsofdepressionareprobablythemostpainfulforalotofpeoplewhichareafeelingthatyouareuseless,worthless,unlovable,nogoodorloser.(26)Acommonestsymptomandamostextremesymptom,ofcourse,isasuicidalfeelingwhereyoufeelsohopelessthatyoudon’tbelieveanythingwillgetbetterandyouarebetteroff.

Combinedtherapychallengesthatkindofthinking.Forexample,say,youareadepressedteen,someoneatschoolsayssomethingcredible,typicallythatmightleadyoutothinkyouareacompletelyloser.(27)(28)Doctor

Fsaysthe

Combinedtherapyhelppatientsseeallthetimetheyhavebeensuccessful,bothatschoolandwithfriends.Itiscompletelytheoppositeofhowyoufeel.Soyouchallengethemwithreality.Andthenyoucorrecttheirdysfunctionalreleaseandthatwillactuallychangethewaytheyfeel,Fsays.It’sasortofpersonalrealitycheckthatwillconnectexperienceincontext.(29)Oncethecombinationofmedicationandtherapywork,patientmaydecidetostoptakinganti-depressants.Buttheyshoulddosowithcautionbecausetheymayexperiencesideeffect.Theycangetreboundkindofsymptoms.(30)Itcangrowthingslikefeelinganxious,orhavinginsomnia,verydizzyandhavingNausea.

26.Whatisthemostseriousfeelingforpeoplewhoaredepressed?

【解析】根據(jù)錄音可知，很多抑郁癥的人會覺得自己無用、沒有價值、爰無能或者有失敗的感覺。但是，最嚴(yán)重的一種感覺是想自殺的感覺。故C為正確選項。

27.Fromwhichanglecanthecombinedtherapyhelp?

【解析】通過錄音可知，這個療法能使得抑郁癥患者覺得自己很成功，由此推理可知，該療法是通過讓病人持有積極的態(tài)度來進(jìn)行治療的。故本題選D。

28.Howcanpeopleindepressionbechangedafterthetreatment?

【解析】通過上文的解析可知，D為正確答案。

29.Whoaremorelikelytosufferfromsomesideeffects?

【解析】通過錄音可知，一旦藥物治療和心理治療起作用了，病人就可以停止服用鎮(zhèn)靜藥物，但極有可能遭受一些副作用（sideeffect）。因此本題答案為A。

30.Whichofthefollowingisnottheside-effectsofstoppingmedicine?

【解析】從錄音中可知，停藥后的副作用可以是焦慮（anxiousness）、嘔吐（nausea）、失眠（insomnia），但并未提及發(fā)燒（fever），因此本題答案為C。

13.單選題

問題1選項

A.Todropherbusinessproposal.

B.Togivemoredetailsaboutherproposal.

C.Toweighlossesandgainsofthebusiness.

D.Tosubmittheproposalbeforethedeadline.

【答案】B

【解析】4.W:Wouldyouliketohearaboutmynewbusinessproposal?I’vebeenthinkingaboutitforalongtime.AndIthinkitcouldbereallyprofitabletostartexportingmedicalthreeD-printerstoChina.

M:ExportingmedicalthreeD-printerstoChina.Ithinkyouneedtoelaborate.

Q:Whatisthewomanaskedtodo?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】事實細(xì)節(jié)題。題干為：女士被要求做什么？由文中“ExportingmedicalthreeD-printerstoChina.Ithinkyouneedtoelaborate.（出口3D醫(yī)療打印技術(shù)到中國，我想你還需要細(xì)化一下方案）”，可知B選項“Togivemoredetailsaboutherproposal.（要詳細(xì)闡述一下她的建議）”符合原文。A選項“不考慮她的商業(yè)建議”；C選項“衡量企業(yè)的損益”；D選項“在截至日期之前提交提案”不符合原文。

14.單選題

3.

問題1選項

A.Inhisbag.

B.Bythelamp.

C.Inhishouse.

D.Noideaaboutwhereheleftit.

【答案】C

【解析】W:Whatareyoulookingfor?

M:Mylaptop.Ican’tfinditinmybagoranywhere.

W:Ican’trememberyoucarryingithere.Thinkaboutitonemoretime.

M:That’sright.Ileftitathome.

Q:Whereistheman’slaptop?

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。男士說：Ileftitathome，即他把電腦落家里了。

15.單選題

Measlesviruscanremainintheairforatleastacoupleofhours,infectinganyonewhoissusceptible,and（

）causingdeadlyoutbreaks.

問題1選項

A.particularly

B.positively

C.potentially

D.proficiently

【答案】C

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.particularly特別地；獨有地B.positively肯定地；明確地

C.potentially可能地；潛在地D.proficiently精通地；熟練地

【答案】C

【考查點】副詞辨析。

【解題思路】麻疹病毒可以在空氣中存活至少幾個小時，感染任何易感人群，并……引發(fā)致命疫情。根據(jù)句意可知因為這種病毒在空氣能存活的時間比較長，而且在空氣中不容易被人發(fā)現(xiàn)，所以C選項“可能地；潛在地”符合句意。

【干擾項排除】A、B、D選項均不符合句意。

【句意】麻疹病毒可以在空氣中至少存活幾個小時，感染任何易感人群，并可能導(dǎo)致致命疫情爆發(fā)。

16.單選題

問題1選項

A.Hestayedupverylateattheparty.

B.Hedidn’tgohomeaftertheparty.

C.Hesuffersfromsleeplessness.

D.Heusedtobeinpoorhealth.

【答案】A

【解析】3.W:Youlooksobad.What’sup?

M:Myheadisspinning.Ihadabunchofmyfriendsoverlastnightandweparteduntilthethreehours.IguessIjustcan’ttakelatenightslikeIusedto.

Q:Whatistrueabouttheman?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實細(xì)節(jié)題。題干為：有關(guān)這個男人，下列哪一項是正確的？由文中“Ihadabunchofmyfriendsoverlastnightandweparteduntilthethreehours.（昨天晚上我和一群朋友玩到很晚，直到三點才散。）”，可知A選項“Hestayedupverylateattheparty.（他熬夜參加聚會到很晚。）”符合原文。B選項“聚會結(jié)束后他沒有回家”；C選項“他失眠”；D選項“他過去身體不好”不符合原文。

17.單選題

3.

問題1選項

A.Totakeiteasyandcontinuetowork.

B.Totakeasickleave.

C.Tokeepawayfromwork.

D.Tohaveafollow-up.

【答案】A

【解析】W:Doc,shouldIstayawayfromwork?

M:No,Idon’tthinkthat’snecessary.Justremembertostaycalm.

Q:Whatdoesthemantellthewomantodo?

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。男士說：Idon’tthinkthat’snecessary.Justremembertostaycalm（沒必要不工作，只是要保持冷靜）。

18.單選題

11.

問題1選項

A.Aspirant.

B.Courageous.

C.Cautious.

D.Amiable(溫和的).

【答案】B

【解析】M:Katewastheonlyonebraveenoughtospeakhermindatthemeetingtoday.

W:Yeah,alotofpeoplefeltthesameway,butweretooscaredtosayanything.Shejustvoicedtheaspirationofthem.

Q:WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeKate?

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)對話可知，Kate敢于在會議上表達(dá)自己的想法，很多人也想如此，但因害怕沉默不語。故選B。

19.單選題

12.

問題1選項

A.Playtennis.

B.Takeoutthetrash.

C.Playcomputergames.

D.Gotocourtforalawsuit.

【答案】A

【解析】W:Howaboutthegameoftennis?

M:Ok,loser’lltakeoutthetrashforamonth.

W:It’sadeal.

M:Seeyouinthecourt.

Q:Whatarethespeakersgoingtodonext?

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。女士提議說待會去打網(wǎng)球，最后男士說：Seeyouinthecourt(球場上見)。

20.單選題

12.

問題1選項

A.Sheisn’tfeelingwell.

B.Sheisunderpressure.

C.Shedoesn’tliketheweather.

D.Sheisfeelingrelieved.

【答案】A

【解析】M:Areyouhavinganyproblemslikeweakness,fatigue,orheadaches?

W:Well,Icertainlyfeltundertheweather.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?

【解析】常用習(xí)語。女士說Icertainlyfeltundertheweather，即她覺得身體不適。

21.單選題

問題1選項

A.Minor

B.Moderate.

C.Intense.

D.Severe.

【答案】A

【解析】10.M:Howstrongisthepainexactly?Onascaleof1to10,howwouldyoudescribetheintensityofthepain?

W:I’dsaythepainisaboutoneonascaleof1to10.LikeIsay,it’snotreallybad.Itjustkeepscomingback.

Q:Whichofthefollowingwouldbestdescribethewoman’spain?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實細(xì)節(jié)題。題干為：以下哪個最能準(zhǔn)確描述這個女士的傷痛？由文中“I’dsaythepainisaboutoneonascaleof1to10.LikeIsay,it’snotreallybad.（我想說痛感是1到10等級的第一級。就像我說的，并不算很痛）”，可知A選項“Minor（輕度）”符合原文。B選項“中等的”；C選項“強(qiáng)烈的”；D選項“劇烈的”不符合原文。

22.單選題

11.

問題1選項

A.Discussingacase.

B.Defyingadiagnosis.

C.Performingasurgery.

D.Talkingwiththepatient.

【答案】A

【解析】W:What’sthemostlikelydiagnosisinthiscase?

M:Mostprobablytuberculosis.

W:What'sagainstthatdiagnosis?

M:Well,theinfectedhasn’thadanychangeinthehabitorlostweight.

Q:Whataretheydoingnow?

【解析】對話討論的是某種病例的diagnosis(癥狀)。

23.單選題

15.

問題1選項

A.Chemotherapy.

B.Radiation.

C.Injections.

D.Surgery.

【答案】C

【解析】W:Whatdoyouknowabouttreatmentsofcancer?

M:Chemotherapy.Buttheatmakesyourhairfallout,doesn’tit?

W:Yes,therearesomeunpleasantside-effects.I’mnotsureweneedtoconsiderthatatthisstage.Weshouldseewhetheraseriesofinjectionwillhelp.

Q:Whattreatmentwillthemanprobablyreceivefirst?

【解析】對話中女士說要先看看藥物注射是否有效，患者的狀況還不到進(jìn)行化療的程度。

24.單選題

GianlucaVialli,managerofChelseaFootballClub,expresseditexplicitlyenough:“Thefootisthetoolofthetradeofthefootballer.”Youmightthereforeexpectfootballerstotakeparticularlygoodcareoftheirfeet.ButresultspresentedatarecentconferenceofdermatologistsinAmsterdamsuggestotherwise.Professionalfootballersseemaslikelytosufferfromfungalinfectionsofthefootasotherpeople.

Onestudy,calledAchillesProject,lookedat76,475pairsoffeetbelongingtopeoplefrom18Europeancountries.Itfoundthat26%ofthesamplehadTineapedis,betterknownasathlete’sfoot,while30%hadOnychomycosis,aninfectionthatcausestoenailstobecomethickened,discoloredanddistorted.TheresultsshowedthatEastEuropeancountrieshaveconsistentlyhigherratesofinfection.Onaverage,30%ofBritons,GermansandBelgianshadsomeformoffungalinfection,comparedwith85%ofRussians,andlessthan10%ofSpaniards.

Furthermore,adultsundertheageof40whotookregularexercisehada40%greaterriskoffungalinfectionthanthosewhodidnot.Leisurecentersandswimmingpoolswereidentifiedaspotentialhealthhazardstotheverypeoplewhovisitthemtostayfit.Communalshowersandchangingroomsareperfectbreeding—groundsforthehighlyinfectiousfungithatspreadfootandnailinfection:upto1,500fungally-infectedskinfragmentspersquaremetershavebeenfoundinsomeleisurefacilities.Sweatysocksandwarm,dampsportsshoesprovideequallyhospitableenvironments.

Allofwhichgoessomewaytoexplainingthefootballers.Nodoubtallthattimespentinshowersandchanging-roomsispartlyresponsible.ButDr.Caputo,adermatologist,alsofoundanotherfactor:footballersareoftenreluctant,forsuperstitiousreasons,todiscardtheiroldboots.Hefoundthatplayersgetattachedtoparticularboots;iftheyscoreagoalwithone,theywillwearitagainandagain.Theriskofathlete’sfootmaybeasmallpricetopayforagoal.

1.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?

2.Accordingtothepassage,“AchillesProject”wasdesignedto（

）.

3.FromthedescriptionofTineapedisandOnychomycosis,wearesurethat（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingcan

besafelyinferredconcerningtheleisurecentersandswimmingpools?

5.WhatdidDr.Caputofindaboutfootballers?

問題1選項

A.Footballersdonotcarefortheirfeetasexpected.

B.Footballers’feetaremoresensitivetofungalinfections.

C.Footballersusuallycarefortheirfeetmorethanotherpeople.

D.Footballers’feetaremorevulnerablethanthoseofotherpeople.

問題2選項

A.serveasaglobalscreeningforfootinfections

B.collectasampleofinfectedathletesforresearch

C.lookintotheconditionsoffeetinEuropeancountries

D.findmeasuresforreducinghighratesoffootinfections

問題3選項

A.TineapedisaffectsathletesmorethanOnychomycosis

B.TineapedisandOnychomycosisarebothfungalinfections

C.TineapedisisamoreseriousinfectionthanOnychomycosis

D.Tineapedisismoresensitivetoanti-fungaldrugsthanOnychomycosis

問題4選項

A.Theycouldhelppeopleinonewayandharmtheminanother.

B.Theydonotspreadinfectionsasmuchasotherpublicplaces.

C.Theydonotperformadequatecheck-upsfortheirvisitors.

D.Theyareunlikelytospreadfungalinfection.

問題5選項

A.Theyplaytoomuchtokeeptheirfeetclean.

B.Theyusuallydonotthrowawaycomfortableboots.

C.Theybelievesomeshoesmaybringthemgoodluck.

D.Theyoftensticktohigh-pricedshoesforscoringgoals.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.【選項釋義】

Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?我們可以從第一段中學(xué)到什么？

A.Footballersdonotcarefortheirfeetasexpected.A.足球運動員并不像預(yù)期的那樣關(guān)心他們的腳。

B.Footballers’feetaremoresensitivetofungalinfections.B.足球運動員的腳對真菌感染更敏感。

C.Footballersusuallycarefortheirfeetmorethanotherpeople.C.足球運動員通常比其他人更關(guān)心自己的腳。

D.Footballers’feetaremorevulnerablethanthoseofotherpeople.D.足球運動員的腳比其他人的腳更容易受傷。

【答案】A

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位至原文第一段第二、三、四句“因此，你可能會期望足球運動員特別照顧好他們的腳。但最近在阿姆斯特丹舉行的一次皮膚病專家會議上的結(jié)果卻表明，情況并非如此。職業(yè)足球運動員似乎和其他人一樣容易患足部真菌感染?！庇晌闹械谝欢蔚诙淇芍狝選項“足球運動員并不像預(yù)期的那樣在意自己的腳”符合題意。

【干擾項排除】

B選項“足球運動員的腳對真菌感染更敏感。”，文中提到“職業(yè)足球運動員似乎和其他人一樣容易患足部真菌感染?！钡]有說足球運動員的腳更加容易感染，屬于無中生有；

C選項“足球運動員通常比其他人更關(guān)心自己的腳?！?，文中可知運動員并不像預(yù)期那樣在意自己的腳，該選項屬于反向干擾；

D選項“足球運動員的腳比其他人的腳更容易受傷?！钡谝欢螞]有提及，屬于無中生有。

2.【選項釋義】

Accordingtothepassage,“AchillesProject”wasdesignedto（）.根據(jù)文章，“阿喀琉斯計劃”被設(shè)計為____。

A.serveasaglobalscreeningforfootinfectionsA.作為全球腳部感染的篩查

B.collectasampleofinfectedathletesforresearchB.收集受感染運動員的樣本進(jìn)行研究

C.lookintotheconditionsoffeetinEuropeancountriesC.調(diào)查歐洲國家人的腳部情況

D.findmeasuresforreducinghighratesoffootinfectionsD.找出降低高腳部感染率的方法

【答案】C

【考查點】事實細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位至原文第二段第一句和第二句“一項名為阿喀琉斯計劃的研究調(diào)查了來自18個歐洲國家的人的76,475雙腳?！?，由此句中“18個歐洲國家的人的76,475雙腳”可知該計劃是為了C選項“調(diào)查歐洲國家人的腳部情況”。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“作為全球腳部感染的篩查”，原文中只提及了歐洲國家的腳部感染情況，該選項屬于無中生有；

B選項“收集受感染運動員的樣本進(jìn)行研究”，在文中并未提及只收集了足球運動員的樣本，屬于無中生有；

D選項“找出降低高腳部感染率的方法”，由后文可知此計劃是想找出感染的途徑，該選項并未提及，屬于無中生有。

3.【選項釋義】

FromthedescriptionofTineapedisandOnychomycosis,wearesurethat（）.從足癬和甲真菌病的描述，我們確定____。

A.TineapedisaffectsathletesmorethanOnychomycosisA.足癬對運動員的影響大于甲真菌病

B.TineapedisandOnychomycosisarebothfungalinfectionsB.足癬和甲真菌病都是真菌感染

C.TineapedisisamoreseriousinfectionthanOnychomycosisC.足癬是一種比甲真菌病更嚴(yán)重的感染

D.Tineapedisismoresensitivetoanti-fungaldrugsthanOnychomycosisD.足癬對抗真菌藥物比甲真菌病更敏感

【答案】B

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位至原文第二段第二句“結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)，26%的樣本患有足癬，也就是人們熟知的香港腳，而30%的樣本患有甲癬，一種會導(dǎo)致腳趾甲變厚、變色和變形的感染。”由此句以及前文提及“阿喀琉斯計劃調(diào)查真菌感染”，可知這兩種病都是屬于真菌感染。所以B選項“足癬和甲真菌病都是真菌感染”符合題意。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“足癬對運動員的影響大于甲真菌病”，在文中并未提及屬于無中生有；

C選項“足癬是一種比甲真菌病更嚴(yán)重的感染”，在文中沒有提及屬于無中生有；

D選項“足癬對抗真菌藥物比甲真菌病更敏感”，在文中并未提及屬于無中生有。

4.【選項釋義】

Whichofthefollowingcanbesafelyinferredconcerningtheleisurecentersandswimmingpools?關(guān)于休閑中心和游泳池，下列哪項可以安全推斷出來？

A.Theycouldhelppeopleinonewayandharmtheminanother.A.它們可以以一種方式幫助人們，以另一種方式傷害他們。

B.Theydonotspreadinfectionsasmuchasotherpublicplaces.B.它們不像其他公共場所那樣傳播感染。

C.Theydonotperformadequatecheck-upsfortheirvisitors.C.他們沒有為來訪者進(jìn)行充分的檢查。

D.Theyareunlikelytospreadfungalinfection.D.它們不太可能傳播真菌感染。

【答案】A

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位至原文第三段第二句和第三句“想保持健康的人們經(jīng)常去的休閑中心和游泳池，被認(rèn)為存在潛在健康危害。公共淋浴間和更衣室是傳播足部和指甲感染的高傳染性真菌的完美溫床?！庇蛇@兩句可知休閑場所和游泳池可以使人們健康，也可以使人們感染真菌，即在健康方面幫助人們但是又容易讓人們感染真菌。因此A選項正確。

【干擾項排除】

B選項“它們不像其他公共場所那樣傳播感染?！?，原文中并未將這兩個地方與其他公共場所進(jìn)行比較，屬于無中生有；

C選項“它們沒有為來訪者進(jìn)行充分的檢查?！?，文中沒有提及，屬于無中生有；

D選項“它們不太可能傳播真菌感染。”，文中提到“公共淋浴間和更衣室是傳播足部和指甲感染的高傳染性真菌的完美溫床”，所以這兩處地方容易傳播真菌感染，該選項屬于反向干擾。

5.【選項釋義】

WhatdidDr.Caputofindaboutfootballers?卡普托醫(yī)生對足球運動員有什么發(fā)現(xiàn)?

A.Theyplaytoomuchtokeeptheirfeetclean.A.足球運動員他們踢球太多，以至于不能保持腳的干凈。

B.Theyusuallydonotthrowawaycomfortableboots.B.他們通常不會扔掉舒適的靴子。

C.Theybelievesomeshoesmaybringthemgoodluck.C.他們相信一些鞋子可以給他們帶來好運。

D.Theyoftensticktohigh-pricedshoesforscoringgoals.D.他們經(jīng)常為了進(jìn)球而選擇高價球鞋。

【答案】C

【考查點】事實細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到最后一段第三句“但皮膚科醫(yī)生卡普托還發(fā)現(xiàn)了另一個因素：由于迷信的原因，足球運動員通常不愿扔掉他們的舊靴子?！庇纱司淇芍狢選項“他們相信一些鞋子可以給他們帶來好運”符合原文。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“足球運動員他們踢球太多，以至于不能保持腳的干凈。”，文中沒有提及，屬于無中生有；

B選項“他們通常不會扔掉舒適的靴子?！?，屬于無中生有；

D選項“他們經(jīng)常為了進(jìn)球而選擇高價球鞋?！保瑢儆跓o中生有。

25.單選題

21-25

問題1選項

A.Anewconceptofdiabetes.

B.ThedefinitionofType1andType2diabetes.

C.Thenewmanagementofdiabeticsinthehospital.

D.Thenewdevelopmentofnon-perishableinsulinpills.

問題2選項

A.Becauseitvaporizeseasily.

B.Becauseitbecomesoveractiveeasily.

C.Becauseitisusuallyininjectionform.

D.Becauseitisnotstableabove40degreesFahrenheit.

問題3選項

A.Thediabeticscanbecuredwithouttakingsyntheticinsulinanylonger.

B.Thefindingsprovideinsightintohowinsulinworks.

C.Insulincanbemorestablethanitisnow.

D.Insulincanbeproducednaturally.

問題4選項

A.Itisstableatroomtemperatureforseveralyears.

B.Itisadministereddirectlyintothebloodstream.

C.Itdeliversglucosefrombloodtothecells.

D.Itismorechemicallycomplex.25.

問題5選項

A.Whyinsulinisnotstableatroomtemperature.

B.Howimportantitistounderstandthechemicalbondsofinsulin.

C.WhypeoplewithType1andType2diabetesdon’tproduceenoughinsulin.

D.Whatshapeinsulintakeswhenitunlocksthecellstotakesugarformblood.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】(21)AteamofAustralianchemistrystudentshavestrengthenedthechemicalbondsofinsulintomakeitstableevenatwarmtemperatures—abreakthroughthatcouldsimplifydiabetesmanagement.Thefindingcouldshedlightonhowinsulinworksandeventuallyleadtoinsulinpills,ratherthaninjectionsorpumps.(22)Insulinneedstobekeptcoldbecauseitismadeofweakchemicalbondsthatdegradeattemperaturesabove40degreesFahrenheit,makingitinactive.Butusingaseriesofchemicalreactions,theresearchteam,comprisedofstudentsfromMonashUniversityinAustralia,replacedtheunstablebondswithstronger,carbon-basedones.Thestrongerbondsstabilizetheinsulin’stwoproteinchainswithoutinterferingwithitsnaturalactivity,accordingtoastoryaboutthefindingsatSciGuru.(24)Theso-called“dicarba”insulinswerestableatroomtemperatureforseveralyears,SciGurusays.(23)Evenmorepromisingisthatthefindingsprovideinsightintohowinsulinworks.

PeoplewithType1andType2diabetesdonotproduceenoughinsulin,whetherit’stheresultofanauto-immunedisorderthatstopsproducingitentirely(Type1)oraconditionbroughtonbyotherfactorslikeobesity,inwhichthebodycannolongeruseitproperly(Type2).Insulinisthemechanismthatdeliversglucosefromthebloodtothecells,sodiabeticsmusttakeasyntheticformofthehormone.(25)Wheninsulinunlockscellstoallowsugartobetakenupfromtheblood,thehormone’sshapechanges—butnooneissurewhattheshapelookslike.Ifresearchersknewthatshape,theycoulddesignsmaller;less-complexversionsofinsulinthatdon’tuseproteins.Thenitcouldbeadministeredinpillformratherthandirectlyintothebloodstream.Understandingthemolecule’schemicalbondsisasteptowardunlockingthatshape,theresearcherssay.

21.Whatisthemainideaofthetalk?

【解析】文章開頭即給出了主旨：一組澳大利亞的化學(xué)系學(xué)生強(qiáng)化了胰島素的化學(xué)鍵，以使其在高溫下也能穩(wěn)定。故選D。

22.Whydoesinsulinneedtobekeptcold,accordingtothetalk?

【解析】根據(jù)文章信息，胰島素的化學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)較弱，在高溫下會使胰島素失效。故選D。

23.Whatmakestheresearchmorepromising?

【解析】根據(jù)原文信息可以得知：研究結(jié)果更有助于了解胰島素是如何發(fā)揮效用的，故選B。

24.Whatistrueaboutthenewtypeofinsulin?

【解析】根據(jù)原文信息可以得知：這種新型胰島