2022年考研考博-考博英語-通用考博英語考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號37

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-通用考博英語考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大小）題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Questions23to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項

A.Theycan’tbesolvedwithoutgovernmentsupport.

B.Theyareeasytosolvewithmoderntechnology.

C.Theyhavenotbeenexaminedindetailsofar.

D.Theyarisefromtheadvancesintechnology.

問題2選項

A.Itisintenselycompetitive.

B.Itfocusesonnewproducts.

C.Itdemandshugeinvestment.

D.Itisattractivetoentrepreneurs.

問題3選項

A.Cooperationwithbigcompanies.

B.Sharingofcostswitheachother.

C.Recruitingmorequalifiedstaff.

D.In-servicetrainingofITpersonnel.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

【解析】RecordingThree

WelcometothethirdlectureinourseriesonthefutureofsmallbusinessesinEurope.Thepurposeoftoday’slecture,asyouhaveseenfromthetitleandtheabstract,[23]istoexamineinmoredetailtheproblemsfacingsmallandmedium-sizedenterpriseswhichariseatleastinpartfromhavingtoadapttorapidadvancesintechnology.AndIwanttolookatthesebothfromafinancialandfromapersonnelpointofviewandtoofferafewhopefullyeffectivesolutions.

HerewehavethreeofthemostimportantproblemsfacingsmallbusinessesthatIwanttolookattoday.

First,keepingupwiththepaceoftechnologicalchange,recruitinghighqualitystaffinatimeofskillsshortagesinITasawholeandinahighlycompetitivemarket,andtheissueofretainingstaffoncethey’vebeenrecruitedandtrained.Now,alloftheseproblemsinvolvesignificantcostsforallbusinesses.Buttheyareparticularlychallengingissueforsmallandmedium-sizedenterprises.Andthosecostswouldvarydependingonthesizeandscaleofthebusinesses.

Solet’scometothefirstissueonourlistwhichiskeepingpacewithdevelopmentsintechnology.[24]Nowweallknowthatthetechnologyindustryisintenselycompetitivewithnewproductsbeinglaunchedallyearroundasthevariouscompaniesstrivetocompetewitheachother,ratherthan,sayonceayearoreverycoupleofyears.Andthisisarealheadacheforsmallerbusinesses.So,let’simaginewehaveasmallcompanywhichisdoingok.It’sjustaboutmakingaprofitanditspendsmostofitsincomeontheoverheads.Soforacompanyinthissituation,keepinguptodatewiththelatesttechnology,evenifit’sonlyforthebenefitofkeystaff,thiscanbehugelyexpensive.

Soinmyview,somecreativethinkingneedstocomeinheretofindwaystohelpcompaniesinthissituationtostayaheadinthegame,butatthesametime,toremaintechnologicallycompetitive.

Well,there’sapossibilitythatsmallgroupsofcompanieswithsimilarrequirementsbutnotdirectlycompetingwitheachother,[25]theycouldsharethecostofupgradinginmuchthesamewayas,let’ssay,anintranetoperateswithinlargerorganizations.[25]Infact,costsharingcouldbeaverypracticalsolution,especiallyintimesoffinancialdifficulty.Ifthere’sadownwardpressureoncosts,becauseofaneedforinvestmentinotherareas,Iwouldarguethatthisisaperfectlyfeasiblesolution.

23.Whatdoesthespeakersayabouttheproblemsfacingsmallandmedium-sizedenterprises?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問關于中小企業(yè)面臨的問題，說話者說了什么？本篇講座在開頭就提到講座的目的是詳細分析中小企業(yè)在適應技術的快速進步方面所面臨的問題。由此可知，中小企業(yè)面臨的問題來源于技術的進步，因此D選項正確。A選項“沒有政府的支持，問題不能解決”和B選項“利用現(xiàn)代科技很容易解決”在錄音中均沒有信息涉及；C選項“到目前為止，問題還沒有詳細研究過”，在這次講座中說話者明確分析了中小企業(yè)面臨的三個問題，而且接著展開了對第一個問題的詳細剖析，因此C選項不正確。

24.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutthetechnologyindustry?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問關于科技行業(yè)，說話者說了什么？說話者在說跟上科技發(fā)展步伐這個問題時提到，科技行業(yè)是競爭激烈的行業(yè)，各公司相互競爭，一年到頭都可能有新產(chǎn)品推出市場。A選項“競爭非常激烈”與原文表述一致，因此正確。B選項“專注于新產(chǎn)品”；C選項“它要求巨大的投資”和D選項“它對企業(yè)家是有吸引力的”在錄音中均沒有信息提及，均可排除。

25.Whatisapracticalsolutiontotheproblemsofsmallandmedium-sizedbusinesses?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問什么是解決中小企業(yè)問題的可行方案？說話者最后提到有相似需求和要求的小型企業(yè)，如果相互之間沒有直接的競爭關系，可嘗試共同分擔技術的升級成本，而這不失為一種實用的解決方法。因此B選項“互相分攤成本”正確。A選項“與大公司合作”和D選項“信息技術人員的在職培訓”在錄音中沒有信息提及；C選項“招聘更能勝任工作的員工”在錄音中雖有提及，但這是中小型企業(yè)面臨的第二個問題，并非實際解決中小型企業(yè)問題的方法，因此可排除。

2.單選題

Theproblemisinherentand（）inanydemocracy,butithasbeenmoresevereinoursduringthepastquarter-centurybecauseofthenearuniversaldenigrationofgovernment,politicsandpoliticians.

問題1選項

A.perishable

B.periodical

C.perverse

D.perennial

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。perishable“易腐壞的；易毀滅的”；periodical“周期的；定期的”；perverse“墮落的，不正當?shù)摹?；perennial“多年生的；常年的；長期存在的”。分析句子結構可知，填空處所填詞應和前面的inherent“固有的”意思相近，所以選項D最為恰當。句意：任何民主的問題都是固有的，長期存在的，但是在過去二十五年中，由于近年來普遍對政府、政治，還有政治家的詆毀使得這個問題更為嚴峻。所以選項D正確。

3.單選題

Questions13to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項

A.Theywillpickupsomesouvenirsorgiftitems.

B.Theywillhavetheirvehicleswashedorserviced.

C.Theywilltakeadvantageofthetimetorestawhile.

D.Theywillbuysomethingfromtheconveniencestores.14.

問題2選項

A.Theymayeventuallydriveonetobankruptcy.

B.Theyshouldbedoneawaywithaltogether.

C.Theyaremeantfortheextremelywealthy.

D.Theycanbringonlytemporarypleasures.15.

問題3選項

A.Smalldailysavingscanmakeabigdifferenceinone’slife.

B.Avacationwillbeaffordableifonesaves20dollarsaweek.

C.Retirementsavingsshouldcomefirstinone’sfamilybudgeting.

D.Agoodwaytosocializeistohavedailylunchwithone’scolleagues.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:A

【解析】PassageTwo

It’snoaccidentthatmostgasstationshaveconveniencestoresattached.[13]Fewofuscanfillupthetankwithoutbuyingafewsnacks,cigarettes,softdrinksorotheritemswecanlivewithout.Ideserveit.That’swhathardworkingmenandwomensaytojustifytheirlavishvacations,bigstereosystemsorregularrestaurantmeals.Theydodeservesuchindulgences.However,theyalsodeserveahomeoftheirown—asecureretirementandfreedomfromworryingaboutunpaidbills.NooneshouldhavetolivewithwhataTexasmotherdescribedasconstantstress,tension,evenfearaboutmoney.[14]Sadly,thepleasurethatcomesfromextravagancesoftendisappearslongbeforethebillsdo.Thevideocamerathatonesinglemotherboughtforaspecialoccasion,forexample,isnotmuchfunnow.She’sfiguredoutthatitwilltakeheranotherthreeyearstopayitoffat$30amonth.AndtheNewYorkerswhospentabundleonanoutdoorhottubnowadmittheyrarelyuseit,becausewecan’taffordtoheatitinwinter.Thesolution:setpriorities—adduptheannualcostofeachitem,thenconsiderwhatelseyoucouldbuywiththesamemoney.Thatwillhelpyoudecidewhichitemsarereallyworthit.OneChicagowoman,forexample,discoveredthatdailyluncheswithcoworkerscosther$2,000ayear;shedecidedtotakelunchtoworkinstead.[15]“Inowput$20aweekintomyvacationfundandanother20intoretirementsavings,”shesays.“Thosemeanmoretomethanlunch.”

13.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutdriverswhostopatgasstations?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問關于停在加油站的司機，說話者說了什么？錄音開頭提到，大部分加油站旁邊都會有便利店。很少人在加油站給車輛加油時不會順道去買一些零食、煙、軟飲料等。由此可知，D選項“他們會在便利店買一些東西”正確。A選項“他們會挑選一些紀念品或者禮物”；B選項“他們會將車輛拿去清洗或進行其他服務”和C選項“他們會利用時間休息一會兒”在錄音中均未提及。

14.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutextravagances?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問關于奢侈，說話者說了什么？錄音提到，一些努力工作賺錢的人認為他們花錢奢侈地度假、買巨型的立體音響，或者去餐館吃飯都無可厚非，但是這種享受奢侈消費帶來的快樂很短暫，通常在你的賬單尚未還清時就已消失殆盡。由此可知，D選項“它們只能帶來短暫的快樂”與錄音原文表述一致。A選項“它們最終會使人走向破產(chǎn)”；B選項“它們應該被徹底摒棄”和C選項“它們代表著非常富有”均不正確。

15.WhatdoesthespeakerwanttoshowbytheexampleoftheChicagowoman?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問說話者想通過芝加哥女士的例子表明什么？錄音最后舉了一個例子：一個生活在芝加哥的女士發(fā)現(xiàn)，自己每天跟同事一起吃午飯所花的錢一年累計下來達兩千美元。后來該女士就開始自己帶午餐。接著她說到自己如今每星期都會把節(jié)省下來的錢分別存儲到旅游資金和退休積蓄上，對她來說這錢省下來比花在午餐上更加有意義。由此可知，A選項“每日少量的積蓄對個人生活意義重大”符合題意。B選項“如果一個人每周節(jié)省20美元，度假是可以接受的”，錄音中只提到女士每周把20美元存到旅游資金中，并沒有說節(jié)省下來的這筆錢就能負擔得起旅游費用，因此排除B選項；C選項“退休儲蓄應該排在家庭預算第一位”和D選項“交際的好方法就是與同事一起吃午飯”在錄音中均沒有信息提及，所以不正確。

4.單選題

BeijingisthepoliticalcentreofChina，neverthelessitisarguablyatleastasimportantasacentreofthearts，includingsuchfieldsaspainting,dramaandfilm.

問題1選項

A.China，nevertheless

B.arguablyatleastasimportant

C.asacentreofthearts

D.includingsuchfieldsas

E.沒有錯誤

【答案】E

5.單選題

Thelawondrinkinganddrivingis（

）stated.

問題1選項

A.extravagantly

B.empirically

C.exceptionally

D.explicitly

【答案】D

【解析】考查形近義異詞義辨析。extravagantly“揮霍無度地”；empirically“以經(jīng)驗為主地”；exceptionally“特殊地，例外地”；explicitly“明確地，明白地”。句子意思為：法律對飲酒和駕駛是有明確規(guī)定的。選項D符合題意。

6.單選題

（）thebriberyallegations,Switzerland’ssportsministerhasannouncedhisowninquiryintohowtheseassociationsarerun.

問題1選項

A.Inthehopeof

B.Inthewakeof

C.Inthelightof

D.Inthesightof

【答案】C

【解析】考查介詞短語辨析。inthehopeof“懷著……的希望”；inthewakeof“隨著而來，作為……的結果”；inthelightof“鑒于，依據(jù)，按照”；inthesightof“在……看來，從……的觀點看”。句意：根據(jù)受賄指控，瑞士體育部長宣布親自調(diào)查這些協(xié)會的運行狀況。選項C符合題意。

7.單選題

Thepartsofthemachinewhichexperiencealotoffrictionhavetobemadefrom（）materials.

問題1選項

A.sufferable

B.bearable

C.durable

D.enumerable

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。sufferable“可忍耐的，可容忍的”；bearable“可忍受的，支持得住的”；durable“耐用的，持久的”；enumerable“可列舉的，可點數(shù)的”。句意：經(jīng)過大量摩擦的機器零部件必須使用耐用的材料。選項C符合題意。

8.單選題

Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項

A.Ithelpsemployeestoreducetheirstress.

B.Itpreventsemployeesfromfeelingbored.

C.Itstrengthensharmonyamongemployees.

D.Ithelpsemployeestoviewthingspositively.

問題2選項

A.Weekendsareconducivetoreducingstress.

B.Humorisvitaltointerpersonalrelationships.

C.Allworkersexperiencesomeemotionalstress.

D.Humorcanhelpworkersexcelatroutinetasks.11.

問題3選項

A.Smashthetoystoreleasetheirbottled-upresentments.

B.Takethebossdollapartaslongastheyreassembleit.

C.Designandinstallstress-reducinggadgets.

D.Strikeatthebossdollashardastheylike.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:B

【解析】PassageOne

“Toomanypeopleviewtheirjobsasafive-dayprisonwhichtheyareparoledeveryFriday,”saysJoelGoodman,founderoftheHumorProject,ahumorconsultinggroupinSaratogaSprings,NewYork.Humorunlockstheofficeprisonbecauseitletsadultsbringsomeoftheirchildlikespirittothejob.

AccordingtoHowardPollio,professorofpsychologyattheUniversityofTennessee,Knoxville,anofficewithhumorbreaksisanofficewithsatisfiedandproductiveemployees.[10]Pollioconductedastudythatprovedhumorcanhelpworkersexcelatroutineproductiontasks.Employeesperformbetterwhentheyhavefun.Inlargecorporationswithahierarchyofpower,thereisoftennooutletforstress.“Everycompanyneedsundergroundwaysofpokingfunattheorganization,”saysLynnM.Mark,aspeakeronworkplacehumorforSaintMary’sHealthCenterinSaintLouis.

Kodak’sRochester,NewYorkbranchdiscoveredawayforits20,000employeestouncorktheirbottled-upresentments.[9]Their1,000-square-foothumorroomfeaturesatoystore.Amongtheroom’smanystress-reducinggadgets,themainattractionisabossdollwithdetachablearmsandlegs.[11]Employeescantakethedollapartaslongastheyputitsarmsandlegsbackinplace.

SandyCohen,ownerofagraphicprintproductionbusiness,createdthequoteboardtodocumentthebizarrephrasespeoplesaywhenunderstrictdeadlines.“Whenyou’reunderstress,yousaystupidthings,”saysCohen.Nowwejustlookateachotherandsay“That’soneforthequoteboard”.

9.Whatdoesthepassagesayabouthumorintheworkplace?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問關于職場中的幽默，這篇短文說了什么？錄音提到了職場幽默的例子，其中一個是柯達紐約羅徹斯特分公司的humorroom“幽默房間”，該房間里有很多讓人減輕壓力的物件（stress-reducinggadgets），其中之一是可拆卸的“老板玩偶”。由此可知，職場的幽默可以讓人減輕壓力，A選項“它能幫助員工減輕壓力”與錄音原文表述一致，因此正確。B選項“它讓員工不再無聊”；C選項“它使員工之間的關系更和諧”和D選項“它幫助員工積極地看待事物”在錄音中均沒有信息提及，所以可排除。

10.WhatdoesthestudybyHowardPollioshow?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問HowardPollio的研究表明了什么？錄音提到HowardPollio的研究證明了幽默能幫助員工出色地完成日常的工作任務（humorcanhelpworkersexcelatroutineproductiontasks），D選項“幽默可以幫助員工在日常工作中表現(xiàn)出色”是錄音原文的復現(xiàn)，因此正確。A選項“周末有助于減輕壓力”和B選項“幽默對人際關系極其重要”在錄音中均沒有信息提及；C選項“所有的員工均遭受情緒壓力”，這并不是HowardPollio的研究結論，因此可排除。

11.WhatcanKodak’semployeesdointhehumorroom?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問柯達的員工在“幽默房間”可以做什么事？錄音提到了humorroom中有可拆卸的“老板玩偶”，員工可以把“老板玩偶”拆掉，不過拆后得把玩偶的手和腳拼回去。B選項中的reassembleit“重新組裝”對應錄音的putitsarmsandlegsbackinplace，因此B選項“把‘老板玩偶’拆掉，拆后再重新組裝”正確。A選項“把玩具砸碎以發(fā)泄?jié)M腔怨恨”和D選項“狠狠地揍‘老板玩偶’，多狠都可以”表述過于絕對，忽略了“拆后重新組裝”這個條件，因此不正確；C選項“設計、安裝減輕壓力的物件”在錄音中沒有提及，因此可排除。

9.單選題

Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項

A.Theyareharmfultohealth.

B.Theyenrichourexperience.

C.Theyarenecessaryinourlives.

D.Theyshouldbedoneawaywith.

問題2選項

A.Theyareexhaustedevenwithoutdoinganyheavywork.

B.Theyfeeltoooverwhelmedtodealwithlife’sproblems.

C.Theyareanxioustofreethemselvesfromlife’stroubles.

D.Theyfeelstressedoutevenwithoutanychallengesinlife.

問題3選項

A.Theylessenourburdens.

B.Theynarrowourfocus.

C.Theyprolongourlives.

D.Theyexpandourmind.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

【解析】RecordingOne

Let’ssayyoustarttobrainstormalistofalltheemotionsyoueverexperienced.Justforfun,tryitnow.

What’sonyourlist?Chancesare,youincludedthingslike:happy,sad,excited,angry,afraid,grateful,proud,scared,confused,stressed,relaxedandamazed.Nowsortyourlistintotwocategories:positiveemotionsandnegativeemotions.

Feelingbothpositiveandnegativeemotionsisanaturalpartofbeinghuman.[16]Wemightusetheword“negative”todescribemoredifficultemotions,butitdoesn’tmeanthoseemotionsarebadorweshouldn’thavethem.Still,mostpeoplewouldprobablyratherfeelapositiveemotionthananegativeone.It’slikelyyouprefertofeelhappyinsteadofsadorconfidentinsteadofinsecure.

Whatmattersishowouremotionsarebalanced,howmuchofeachtypeoftheemotion,positiveornegative,weexperience.

Negativeemotionswarnusofthreatsorchallengesthatwemayneedtodealwith.Forexample,fearcanalertustopossibledanger,it’sasignalthatwemightneedtoprotectourselves.Angryfeelingswarnusthatsomeoneissteppingonourtoes,crossingaboundaryorviolatingourtrust.Angercanbeasignalthatwemightneedtoactonourownbehalf.

Negativeemotionsfocusourawareness.Theyhelpustozeroinonaproblemsowecandealwithit.[17]Buttoomanynegativeemotionscanmakeusfeeloverwhelmed,anxious,exhaustedorstressedout.Whennegativeemotionsareoutofbalance,problemsmightseemtoobigtohandle.

Themorewedwellonnegativeemotions,themorenegativewebegintofeel.Focusingonnegativityjustkeepsitgoing.

Positiveemotionsbalanceoutnegativeones,buttheyhaveotherpowerfulbenefits,too.[18]Insteadofnarrowingourfocus,likenegativeemotionsdo,positiveemotionsaffectourbrainsinwaysthatincreaseourawareness,attentionandmemory.Theyhelpustakeinmoreinformation,holdseveralideasinmindatonceandunderstandhowdifferentideasrelatetoeachother.

Whenpositiveemotionsopenusuptonewpossibilities,wearemoreabletolearnandbuildonourskills.Thatleadstodoingbetterontasksandtests.

Peoplewhohaveplentyofpositiveemotionsintheireverydaylivestendtobehappier,healthier,learnbetterandgetalongwellwithothers.

16.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutnegativeemotions?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問關于負面情緒，說話者說了些什么？錄音前面部分提到：我們可能會用“負面”一詞來描述讓人難受的情緒，但是這并不意味著這種情緒很糟糕或者我們不該有這種情緒。也就是說“它們（負面情緒）在我們的生活中是必要的”，C選項符合錄音原文表述。A選項“它們對健康有害”和B選項“它們豐富我們的經(jīng)驗”在錄音中均沒有提及；D選項“它們應該被摒棄”恰好與錄音表達的意思相反，因此不正確。

17.Whathappenstopeoplewhosenegativeemotionsareoutofbalance?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問負面情緒失衡的人會發(fā)生什么？錄音在談到負面情緒時提到，負面情緒會集中我們的意識，這樣我們就可以處理問題，但是出現(xiàn)過多的負面情緒會使我們不堪重負、焦慮、疲憊或壓力過大。負面情緒一旦失去平衡，問題似乎變得太大而無法處理。因此B選項“他們感到不堪重負以致無法處理生活問題”與錄音原文表述相符。A選項“即使不干重活，他們也筋疲力盡”；C選項“他們渴望擺脫生活的煩惱”和D選項“即使生活中沒有任何挑戰(zhàn)，他們還是感到緊張”在錄音中均沒有提及。

18.Howdopositiveemotionsaffectus?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問積極情緒是如何影響我們的？錄音提到，（積極情緒）不像負面情緒那樣會讓我們縮小注意力的范圍，積極情緒會影響我們的大腦，增強我們的意識、注意力和記憶力。它們幫助我們獲取更多的信息，同時記住一些想法，并了解不同的想法是如何相互關聯(lián)的。因此D選項“它們擴展我們的思維”正確。A選項“它們減輕我們的負擔”和C選項“它們延長我們的壽命”在錄音中均沒有信息提及；B選項“它們使我們集中注意力”是負面情緒的作用，因此不正確。

10.單選題

Thisisafarfrom（）book—itisarichmixofpleasuresandinformation,andisfullofsurprises.

問題1選項

A.solemn

B.solid

C.solitary

D.sophisticated

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。solemn“莊嚴的，嚴肅的”；solid“固體的，可靠的”；solitary“孤獨的，獨居的”；sophisticated“復雜的，久經(jīng)世故的”。句意：這完全不是一本嚴肅的書——充滿趣味，信息豐富還有各種驚喜。根據(jù)破折號后面的句意可知，選項A符合題意。

11.單選題

Questions22to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項

A.Fewpeoplecanidentifyitstexture.

B.Fewpeoplecandescribeitprecisely.

C.Itsrealvalueisopentointerpretation.

D.Itsimportanceisoftenover-estimated.

問題2選項

A.Ithasneverseenanychange.

B.Ithasmuchtodowithcolor.

C.Itisawell-protectedgovernmentsecret.

D.Itisasubjectofstudybymanyforgers.

問題3選項

A.Peoplehadlittlefaithinpapermoney.

B.Theycouldlastlongerincirculation.

C.Itpredictedtheirvaluewouldincrease.

D.Theyweremoredifficulttocounterfeit.

問題4選項

A.Thestabilizationofthedollarvalue.

B.Theissuingofgovernmentsecurities.

C.AgoldstandardforAmericancurrency.

D.AsteadyappreciationoftheU.S.dollar.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

【解析】RecordingThree

VirtuallyeveryAmericancanrecognizeadollarbillatamereglance.Manycanidentifyitbyitssoundortexture.[22]Butfewpeopleindeedcanaccuratelydescribetheworld’smostpowerful,importantcurrency.

TheAmericandollarbilliscoloredwithblackinkononesideandgreenontheother;[23]theexactcompositionofthepaperandinkisacloselyguardedgovernmentsecret.Despiteitsweightyimportance,thedollarbillactuallyweighslittle.Itrequiresnearly500billstotipthescalesatapound.Notonlyisthedollarbilllightweight,butitalsohasabrieflifespan.Fewdollarbillssurvivelongerthan18months.

Theword“dollar”istakenfromtheGermanword“taler”,thenamefortheworld’smostimportantcurrencyinthe16thcentury.Thetalerwasasilvercoinfirstmintedin1580underthereignofCharlesV,EmperorofGermany.

TheconceptofpapermoneyisarelativelyrecentinnovationinthehistoryofAmericancurrency.WhentheConstitutionwassigned,[24]peoplehadlittleregardforpapermoneybecauseofitssteadilydecreasingvalueduringthecolonialera.Becauseofthislackoffaith,thenewAmericangovernmentmintedonlycoinsforcommoncurrency.Interest-bearingbanknoteswereissuedatthesametime,buttheirpurposewaslimitedtoprovidingmoneyforurgentgovernmentcrisessuchasAmericaninvolvementintheWarof1812.Thefirstnon-interestbearingpapercurrencywasauthorizedbyCongressin1862attheheightoftheCivilWar.Atthispoint,citizens’oldfearsofdevaluedpapercurrencyhadcalmed,andthedollarbillwasborn.Thenewgreen-coloredpapermoneyquicklyearnedthenickname“greenback”.

Today,theAmericandollarbillisaproductoftheFederalReserve,andisissuedfromthetwelveFederalReservebanksaroundtheUnitedStates.Thegovernmentkeepsasteadysupplyofapproximatelytwobillionbillsincirculationatalltimes.

Controversycontinuestosurroundthetruevalueofthedollarbill.[25]AmericanhistoryhasseengenerationsofpoliticiansargueinfavorofagoldstandardforAmericancurrency.However,forthepresent,theAmericandollarbillholdsthevaluethatisprintedonit,andlittlemore.TheonlyotherguaranteeonthebillisaFederalReservepledgeasaconfirmationintheformofgovernmentsecurities.

22.WhatdoesthespeakersayabouttheAmericandollarbill?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問關于美元紙幣，說話人說了什么？說話人說到，很少人能準確地描述（美元紙幣）這一世界上最有影響力、最重要的貨幣。B選項中的describeitprecisely是錄音原文中accuratelydescribe的同義替換，因此B選項“很少有人能準確地描述它”正確。A選項“很少有人能辨別它的質(zhì)地”表述錯誤，錄音中提及很多人能通過美元紙幣的聲音或質(zhì)感（texture）辨別美元；C選項“美元的實際價值有待商榷”和D選項“它的重要性經(jīng)常被高估”在錄音中均沒有信息提及，因此排除。

23.WhatdoesthespeakersayabouttheexactcompositionoftheAmericandollarbill?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問關于美元紙幣具體的物質(zhì)成分，說話人說了什么？說話人指出，美元紙幣紙和墨的成分，是美國政府嚴格保守的秘密，C選項“這是政府嚴格保守的秘密”與原文表述一致，因此正確。A選項“它從來都沒改變過”，錄音中并沒有討論美元紙幣物質(zhì)成分的變化，因此可排除；B選項“它和顏色的關聯(lián)很大”，錄音中沒有表明美元紙幣的物質(zhì)成分與顏色有關，因此可排除；D選項“它是許多偽造者研究的課題”錄音中沒有信息提及，因此可排除。

24.WhydidthenewAmericangovernmentmintonlycoinsforcommoncurrency?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問為什么新美國政府只用硬幣作為流通的貨幣？錄音提到，美國憲法簽署生效的當時，人們并不尊重紙幣，由于民眾不信任紙幣，新政府就只用硬幣作為流通的貨幣，A選項“人們不太相信紙幣”符合錄音原文，因此正確。B選項“硬幣在流通中可以使用得更久”；C選項“新美國政府預測硬幣的價值會上漲”和D選項“硬幣更難偽造”在錄音中均沒有信息提及，因此排除。

25.WhathavegenerationsofAmericanpoliticiansarguedfor?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問幾代美國政客一直以來都在爭論什么？錄音提到，美國政客幾代人以來都在討論贊不贊成為美國貨幣設立金本位制。因此C選項“美國貨幣的金本位制”正確。A選項“美元價值的穩(wěn)定”和B選項“政府證券的發(fā)行”在錄音中雖有信息提及，但它們均不是美國政客幾代人一直在討論的問題；D選項“美元的穩(wěn)定升值”在錄音中沒有信息提及，因此排除。

12.單選題

Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項

A.Itisfertileandproductive.

B.Itissmallandunconventional.

C.Itiswelllocatedandcompletelyautomated.

D.Itisprofitableandenvironmentallyfriendly.

問題2選項

A.Theirwishtosetanewfarmingstandard.

B.Theirurgetomakefarmingmoreenjoyable.

C.Theirdesiretoimprovefarmingequipment.

D.Theirhopetorevitalizetraditionalfarming.

問題3選項

A.Itcauseshardlyanypollution.

B.Itloosenssoilwhileweeding.

C.Itsavesalotofelectricity.

D.Itneedslittlemaintenance.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:B

【解析】PassageOne

There’salotaboutLeoSanchezandhisfarminSalinas,Californiathatseemsunusual.[9]Thenationalaveragefarmsizeisaround440acres,buthisisonlyoneacre.Theaverageageoffarmershoversaround58yearsold,butheisjust26.AndSanchezconstantlyattemptstoimproveeverythingfromseedingtechniquesoutinthefieldtothepromotionandsaleofhisproduceonline.Thisisevidenceofanexperimentalapproach.[9]It’sanapproachnotdictatedbytheconfinesofconventional,large-scaleagricultureledbyinternationalcorporations.

Whilefarmingisoftendifficultforboththebodyandmind,[10]Sanchezsaysheandmanyofhisfellowyoungfarmersaremotivatedbyadesiretosetanewstandardforagriculture.Manyofthemareemployingamultitudeoftechnologies,somenewandsome...notsonew.Recently,[11]Sanchezboughtahand-operatedtoolwhichpullsoutweedsandloosenssoil.Itactuallydatesbacktoatleast1701.ItstandsinsharpcontrasttoSanchez’sothergadget:agas-poweredflameweed-killerinventedin1997.Hesimplydoesn’tdiscriminatewhenitcomestothenewnessoftools.Ifitworks,itworks.

Farmershavealonghistoryofinvention,andit’snodifferenttoday.Youngfarmersareguidedbytheirloveofagricultureandaidedbytheirknowledgeoftechnology.Tofindinexpensiveandappropriately-sizedtools,theycollaborateandinnovate.Sometimestheoldstuffjustworksbetter,ormoreefficiently.

9.WhatdowelearnaboutLeoSanchez’sfarm?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問關于利奧?桑切斯的農(nóng)場的信息。錄音提到，全國農(nóng)場的平均面積約440英畝，但利奧?桑切斯的農(nóng)場只有一英畝，由此可知他的農(nóng)場規(guī)模很小。桑切斯不斷嘗試改進一切，其實驗的方法不為傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)所束縛，由此可知他的農(nóng)場是非傳統(tǒng)的。因此B選項“規(guī)模小，非傳統(tǒng)”為正確答案。A選項“肥沃多產(chǎn)”和D選項“盈利且環(huán)?！痹阡浺糁袥]有提及。C選項“位置優(yōu)越，完全自動化”，錄音中提到桑切斯買了一個可以拔除雜草和松土的手動工具，由此可知并不是完全自動化的，因此C選項錯誤。

10.WhathasmotivatedLeoSanchezandhisfellowyoungfarmerstoengageinfarming?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問是什么激勵利奧?桑切斯和他的伙伴們從事農(nóng)業(yè)？錄音提到，他和許多年輕的農(nóng)民伙伴都是受一種為農(nóng)業(yè)設立新標準的愿望所激勵，因此A選項“他們希望樹立新的農(nóng)業(yè)標準”正確。B選項“他們想讓農(nóng)業(yè)變得更有樂趣的強烈愿望”；C選項“他們改善農(nóng)業(yè)設備的愿望”以及D選項“他們希望振興傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)”均不正確。

11.WhydidLeoSanchezbuyahand-operatedweedingtool?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問利奧?桑切斯為什么要買一個手動除草工具？錄音提到，桑切斯買了一個可以拔除雜草和松土的手動工具，因此B選項“除草時能松土”正確。A選項“幾乎不會造成任何污染”；C選項“節(jié)省了大量電力”以及D選項“幾乎不需要維護”在錄音中均未提及。

13.單選題

Agustofwindblewopenthewindowsand（

）thepapersalloverthefloor.

問題1選項

A.scattered

B.spit

C.split

D.spread

【答案】A

【解析】考察動詞辨析。scatter“使散開，使分散”；spit“吐痰”；split“分裂”；spread“擴散”。句意：一陣風吹開了窗戶，紙張散落了一地。選項A符合句意。

14.單選題

Questions22to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項

A.Jobcandidatescanrespondfreelyduetoitsopen-endednature.

B.Jobcandidatesrarelytakeitseriously.

C.Jobseekersoftenfeelatalosswheretostartinansweringit.

D.Jobseekerstendtohaveareadyanswer.

問題2選項

A.Dotheirbesttoimpresstheinterviewer.

B.Followtheircareercoaches’guidelines.

C.Strivetotakecontroloftheirnarrative.

D.Repeattheinformationontheirresume.

問題3選項

A.Toproduceexamplesfordifferentinterviewquestions.

B.Toidentifyabroadgeneralstrengthtoelaborateon.

C.Toreflectontheirpastachievementsaswellasfailures.

D.Todiscussimportantdetailstheyaregoingtopresent.

問題4選項

A.Gettingacquaintedwiththehumanresourcespersonnel.

B.Tailoringtheirexpectationstothecompany’slong-termgoal.

C.Findingoutwhythecompanyprovidesthejobopening.

D.Figuringoutwhatbenefitsthecompanyisabletoofferthem.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

【解析】RecordingThree

“Tellmeaboutyourself”mayseemlikeaneasyjobinterviewquestion.[22]Buttheopen-endednatureofthisquestionoftenleavesjobseekersatalosswheretostart.

Thiscommonquestionisactuallyacriticaltestofajobcandidate’scommunicationskills.Soit’simportantnottogiveanunpreparedresponseormessitup.“Tellmeaboutyourself”isoftenthefirstquestionprofessionalcareercoachespreparepeopleforwhentheygiveinterviewguidance.It’stheopportunityforthecandidatetotakecontrolofthenarrativeandtelltheirstoryinawaythatreallymatterstotheiraudience.Ittakeshardworkandextensivepreparationtoanswerthisquestionwell.

Whenapersongoestoajobinterview,theirinterviewerhaspresumablyreadtheirresume,sotheydon’tneedtorepeattheinformation.[23]Butthat’swhatmostpeoplewilldoasit’stheirinstincttorecitethingsthatarealreadyontheirresume.It’simportantforjobseekerstodotheirhomeworkontwocrucialaspects.

First,theyarenotjusttellingsomeonethefactaboutthemselves;theyaretellingastoryandstoriestakeworktocreate.Comingupwithagoodstorymeansgettingreflectiveaboutwhatmadetheircareeraccomplishments,somethingthey’reproudof,andwhatstrengthsthoseaccomplishmentshighlight.Candidatesshouldn’tpickabroadgeneralstrengthtoelaborateonsuchas“I’msmart”,“Iworkhard”and“Igetthingsdone”.[24]Tocomeupwithmultiplecareeraccomplishmentsorexamplesfordifferentinterviewquestions,jobseekersshouldtalkwithothers,especiallypeoplewhoknowthem—partners,friendsorco-workers—whowillbringupdifferentstoriesthantheonestheyremember.

Secondly,[25]candidatesshouldknowwhat’satstakeforthecompanywiththisjobopening.Whattheyreallyareaskingyouis“Tellmewhyyouaregoingtohelpme”.Ifthepersonisapreparedcandidate,theyshouldhavealreadyfiguredoutthosethings—theyreadthejobdescriptionandresearchedthecompanyontheInternet.Whatjobapplicantsoughttobelookingforiswhatthecompanyisuptoyou,whatthey’retryingtoaccomplishandwhatispreventingthemfromaccomplishingthosethings.

Howlongshouldittaketoanswer?Aroundaminute.That’s