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住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-西南科技大學考試名師押題精選卷I(帶答案詳解)(圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大小)題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.寫作題
WriteontheANSWERSHEETaletterofabout150wordsbasedonthefollowingsituation:
SupposeyouareinterestedinbeingavisitingscholaratNewYorkUniversity,theUnitedStates.Writeanapplicationletter,statingyourpersonalqualities,accomplishmentsandotherreasonswhyyouareamongthosebestsuitedtolearnatthatuniversity.
【答案】略
2.單選題
Shemusthavebeenpretty()tofallforsuchanoldtrick.
問題1選項
A.interested
B.gullible
C.enthusiastic
D.shrewd
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項interested“感興趣的”;B選項gullible“易受騙的,輕信的”;C選項enthusiastic“熱情的”;D選項shrewd“精明的,狡猾的”。句意:她太容易上當受騙了,才落入這樣的老圈套。由選項意思和句意可知,B選項符合句意。
3.單選題
Agreatdealofattentionisbeingpaidtodaytotheso-calleddigitaldivide-thedivisionoftheworldintotheinfo(information)-richandtheinfo-poor.Andthatdividedoesexisttoday.MywifeandIlecturedaboutthisloomingdangertwentyyearsago.Whatwaslessvisiblethen,however,werethenew,positiveforcesthatworkagainstthedigitaldivide.Therearereasonstobeoptimistic.
Therearetechnologicalreasonstohopethedigitaldividewillnarrow.AstheInternetbecomesmoreandmorecommercialized,itisintheinterestofbusinesstouniversalizeaccess…afterall,themorepeopleonline,themorepotentialcustomersthereare.Moreandmoregovernments,afraidtheircountrieswillbeleftbehind,wanttospreadInternetaccess.Withinthenextdecadeortwo,onetotwobillionpeopleontheplanetwillbenettedtogether.Asaresult,Inowbelievethedigitaldividewillnarrowratherthanwidenintheyearsahead.AndthatisverygoodnewsbecausetheInternetmaywellbethemostpowerfultoolforcombatingworldpovertythatwe’veeverhad.
Ofcourse,theuseoftheInternetisn’ttheonlywaytodefeatpoverty.AndtheInternetisnottheonlytoolwehave.Butithasenormouspotential.Totakeadvantageofthistool,someimpoverishedcountrieswillhavetogetovertheiroutdatedanti-colonialprejudiceswithrespecttoforeigninvestment.Countriesthatstillthinkforeigninvestmentisaninvasionoftheirsovereigntymightwellstudythehistoryofinfrastructure(thebasicstructuralfoundationsofasociety)intheUnitedStates.WhentheUnitedStatesbuiltitsindustrialinfrastructure,itdidn'thavethecapitaltodoso.AndthatiswhyAmerica’sSecondWaveinfrastructureincludingroads,harbors,highways,portsandsoon…werebuiltwithforeigninvestment.
TheEnglish,theGermans,theDutchandtheFrenchwereinvestinginBritain’sformercolony.Theyfinancedthem.ImmigrantAmericansbuiltthem.Guesswhoownsthemnow?TheAmericans.IbelievethesamethingwouldbetrueinplaceslikeBraziloranywhereelseforthatmatter.ThemoreforeigncapitalyouhavehelpingyoubuildyourThirdWaveinfrastructure,whichtodayisanelectronicinfrastructure,thebetteroffyou’regoingtobe.Thatdoesn’tmeanlyingdownandbecomingfooled,orlettingforeigncorporationsrununcontrolled.ButitdoesmeanrecognizinghowimportanttheycanbeinbuildingtheenergyandtelecominfrastructuresneededtotakefulladvantageoftheInternet.
1.Digitaldivideissomething().
2.GovernmentsattachimportancetotheInternetbecauseit().
3.ThewritermentionedthecaseoftheUnitedStatestojustifythepolicyof().
4.Itseemsthatnowacountry’seconomydependsmuchon().
5.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsforeigninvestmentseemstobe().
問題1選項
A.gettingworsebecauseoftheInternet
B.therichcountriesareresponsiblefor
C.theworldmustguardagainst
D.consideredpositivetoday
問題2選項
A.offerseconomicpotentials
B.canbringforeignfunds
C.cansoonwipeoutworldpoverty
D.connectspeopleallovertheworld
問題3選項
A.providingfinancialsupportoverseas
B.preventingforeigncapital’scontrol
C.buildingindustrialinfrastructure
D.acceptingforeigninvestment
問題4選項
A.howwelldevelopeditiselectronically
B.whetheritisprejudicedagainstimmigrants
C.whetheritadoptsAmerica’sindustrialpattern
D.howmuchcontrolithasoverforeigncorporations
問題5選項
A.positive
B.negative
C.indifferent
D.pessimistic
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:A
第3題:D
第4題:A
第5題:A
【解析】1.事實細節(jié)題。題干:數(shù)字鴻溝是_______。通過題干關(guān)鍵詞“digitaldivide”定位到第一段。第一句是對“數(shù)字鴻溝”所下的一個定義。其后作者提到MywifeandIlecturedaboutthisloomingdangertwentyyearsago(他和妻子20年前就談到這種隱伏的危險),這里的loomingdanger指的就是“thedigitaldivide”,即在世界范圍內(nèi)產(chǎn)生信息富裕和信息貧乏的兩類國家。當時,作者就認為前途是樂觀的,因為早在20年前就已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了一些防止產(chǎn)生這種分化的積極因素,只是當時這些因素還不太明顯。同時定位到第二段,作者提到了“因特網(wǎng)的普及使這種鴻溝正得到縮小”,可見,A選項“因為因特網(wǎng)而變得糟糕”與原文意思相反,是錯誤的。B選項“富裕國家應該承擔責任”,此內(nèi)容文中沒有提到,屬于無中生有,所以B選項不正確。D選項“今天被認為是積極的”,根據(jù)第二段最后一句AndthatisverygoodnewsbecausetheInternetmaywellbethemostpowerfultoolforcombatingworldpovertythatwe’veeverhad.(網(wǎng)絡的普及能幫助世界戰(zhàn)勝貧困。),在作者看來,這種鴻溝是不好的現(xiàn)象。D選項的說法顯然是錯誤的,因為作者就是要消除這個鴻溝。綜上所述,C選項“全世界都要警惕”,是正確的。
2.事實細節(jié)題。題干:政府重視因特網(wǎng)是因為它_______。通過題干關(guān)鍵詞“government”“internet”定位到第二段,文中提到AndthatisverygoodnewsbecausetheInternetmaywellbethemostpowerfultoolforcombatingworldpovertythatwe’veeverhad.(政府之所以大力推廣因特網(wǎng)是出于因特網(wǎng)可能成為消除貧困的最好的工具的考慮)。第三段更是提到“Butithasenormouspotential”(因特網(wǎng)可能具有巨大的潛力)。因此可以判斷A選項“提供很多經(jīng)濟可能”是正確的。B選項“可以帶來海外投資”。在第四段ThemoreforeigncapitalyouhavehelpingyoubuildyourThirdWaveinfrastructure,whichtodayisanelectronicinfrastructure,thebetteroffyou’regoingtobe.(在建設“第三次浪潮”的基礎(chǔ)設施上利用外資越多,你將變得越富裕。)。作者建議貧窮國家在利用外資方面放棄一些過時的偏見—如殖民、侵犯主權(quán)等概念,積極利用外資建立自己的電子基礎(chǔ)設施,以便充分利用國際互聯(lián)網(wǎng)提供的機遇,走向富裕。這里的邏輯并不是互聯(lián)網(wǎng)帶來外資,而是利用外資發(fā)展網(wǎng)絡工程,所以B選項不正確。C選項“能很快消滅世界貧困”。雖然作者提到了國際互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的利用可能是戰(zhàn)勝貧困的工具,但這僅僅是一種潛在的力量,把這種力量轉(zhuǎn)化為現(xiàn)實則取決于不同國家的努力,并沒有說能夠很快消除貧困,C選項不正確。D選項“將世界人民連到一起”。正像上面所分析的,政府關(guān)注國際互聯(lián)網(wǎng)是因為它為經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展帶來的巨大潛力,而不僅僅是它將世界連成一片這個事實,D選項過于片面。綜上所述,A選項為正確答案。
3.作者意圖題。題干:作者提到美國的案例是為了證明_________政策是對的。在第四段,美國和巴西的例子都被作者用以說明拋棄過去的在那種在利用外資上的過時的反殖民偏見,提出充分利用外資建立電子基礎(chǔ)設施的重要性,并且指出,哪個國家在建設“第三次浪潮”的基礎(chǔ)設施上利用外資多,哪個國家就將變得更富裕。因此可以判斷正確選項是D“接受外國投資”。A選項“為海外提供資金支持”,把吸收外資的重要性和美國提供海外資金混淆起來。B選項“防止外資的控制”,第四段最后兩句指出,利用外資并不意味著繳械或受愚弄,也不意味著放任外國公司肆意妄為,此說法無法從美國這個案例中推斷出來。C選項“建立工業(yè)基礎(chǔ)設施”。由以上的分析可以看出,本文提到的不是建立“工業(yè)”基礎(chǔ)設施的問題。C選項錯在“工業(yè)”這個概念上。綜上所述,本題的正確答案為D選項。
4.推理判斷題。題干:現(xiàn)在,一個國家的經(jīng)濟看起來極大地依賴于_________。文章最后一段提到哪個國家在建設“第三次浪潮”的基礎(chǔ)設施上利用外資多,哪個國家就將變得更富裕。這里的“第三次浪潮”指的就是“電子基礎(chǔ)建設”。因此選項A“它的電子發(fā)展程度”是正確的。其他三個選項中,B選項“它是否歧視移民”和D選項“它對外國公司的控制有多大”,在文中都沒有提到,屬于無中生有,排除。C選項“它是否采用美國的工業(yè)模式”,再次出現(xiàn)“工業(yè)模式”,因此不正確。綜上所述,本題的正確答案為A選項。
5.觀點態(tài)度題。題干:作者對于外國投資的態(tài)度是______。文中作者提到,哪個國家在建設“第三次浪潮”的基礎(chǔ)設施上利用外資多,哪個國家就將變得更富裕。說明作者對外國投資屬于積極的態(tài)度,選項A“肯定的,積極的”是正確選項。B選項“消極的,否定的”,C選項“冷漠的”,和D選項“悲觀的”,均不符合題意。綜上所述,本題的正確答案為A選項。
4.單選題
TheWorldBankhasfundedmanyimprovementschemes(),includingshantytownandtransportimprovements.
問題1選項
A.global
B.overall
C.worldwide
D.universally
【答案】C
【解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項global“全球的,總體的”;B選項overall“全部的,全體的”;C選項worldwide“遍及全球地”;D選項universally“普遍地,到處”。句意:世界銀行資助了很多世界各地的改善計劃,包括貧民區(qū)和交通的改善。根據(jù)句意,只有A、C選項符合意思。題干中的scheme是個名詞,之后可以加副詞作為定語修飾名詞,而A選項是個形容詞,故排除。所以本題的正確答案是C選項。
5.翻譯題
TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.
IntheUnitedStateofAmericahouseshavechangedassocialcustomschanged.Atfirst,AmericanhousesfollowedthepatternsbroughtfromEuropebytheearlyimmigrants,but,sincetimberwasthemosteasilyobtainedmaterial,boardedwallsandshingleroofslargelyreplacedbricksandtiles.Lately,differentregionshaveevolvedtheirownmethodsofhousebuildingtosuitlocalconditions;forinstance,alowramblinghousewithwidelyspreadingeaves,istypicalofthePacificcoast.Inaddition,theplanofthehousehasbeguntochangeastheAmericanwayoflifehasdivergedmoreandmorefromtheEuropean.Housesarelessformal,androomsmergeoneintotheother,providingmorespaceforgeneralfamilylifeandfewerroomsforspecialpurposes.
【答案】在美國,房屋隨著社會習俗的改變而改變。起初,美國的房屋仿效早期移民從歐洲帶來的模式。但由于木材是最容易獲得的材料,木板墻和木瓦屋頂大量取代了磚塊和瓦。最近,不同的地區(qū)發(fā)展出了適合當?shù)貤l件的房屋建造方法;例如,布局凌亂的低矮房子有著散開的屋檐,是典型的太平洋海岸建筑。此外,隨著美國人的生活方式越來越不同于歐洲人,住宅的規(guī)劃也開始改變。住宅不那么正式,房間相互融合,為一般家庭生活提供了更多的空間,特殊用途的空間也變少了。
6.單選題
Allthepartsofthewashingmachineare(),sothatitisveryconvenienttoreplacethem.
問題1選項
A.normalized
B.standardized
C.mechanized
D.modernized
【答案】B
【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項normalize“正常化,常規(guī)化,規(guī)格化”;B選項standardize“標準化,使標準化”;C選項mechanize“使機械化,機械化”;D選項modernize“使現(xiàn)代化”,句意:這臺洗衣機的所有零件都標準化了,所以要更換它們很方便。由選項意思和句意可知,B選項符合句意。
7.單選題
Whetheryouareloggingontoyourpersonalcomputer,usingacreditcard,ordisarmingadoorsecuritysystem,passwordsorPINs(personalidentificationnumbers)guardaccesstonumerousregularoperations.
Itisestimatedthatwithintenyears,consumerscouldbefacedwithhandlingmorethan100passwords!Giventhepopularityofpasswords,howcanyouchooseonesthataresufficientlycomplicatedtobesecureyetaresimpleenoughtoremember?
Therearebasicguidelinestobearinmind.Don’tuseasapasswordyournameorthatofamemberofyourfamily,eveninmodifiedform.Alsoavoidusingyourtelephonenumber,yourSocialSecuritynumber,oryouraddress.Suchinformationcaneasilybeobtainedbyadeterminedhacker.
Inaddition,ifpossible,don’tusepasswordsmadeupentirelyoflettersordigits.Arelativelysimplecomputerprogramcancracksuchacodequickly.Finally,donotuseawordthatcanbefoundinanydictionary,evenaforeign-languageone.Hugelistsareavailablethatcontainwords,placenames,andpropernamesfromalllanguages.Programscantestforvariationsofthesewords,suchasiftheyarespelledbackward,capitalized,orcombined.
So,whatkindsofpasswordsshouldbeused?Usuallyonesthathaveaminimumofsixtoeightcharactersandthathaveamixtureofupper-andlower-caseletters,digitandpunctuationsymbols.Howdifficultisittocracksuchacombinationofcharacters?Onesourcesays,“Amachinethatcouldtryonemillionpasswordspersecondwouldrequire,ontheaverage,overonehundredyears.”
Howcanyouchooseacombinationthatiseasytoremember?Somesuggestthatyoutakethetitleofafavoritebookorfilmoralinefromasongorpoemandusethefirstletterfromeachwordasyourpassword,addingcapitalletters,punctuation,orothercharacters.Forexample,“tobeornotbe”couldbecome“2B/not2B.”
Othersuggestionsincludetakingtwoshortwordsandlinkthemwithapunctuationcharacter,suchas“High?Bug”or“Song;Tree”.
Takingintoaccountthesuggestionsoutlinedabovecanhelpyoutoprotectimportantinformationfromunwantedhackers.Remember,too,theimportanceofchangingyourpasswordsregularly.Justafinalcomment:Whateverpasswordsyoudecidetouse,don’tpickanyoftheexamplesgivenabove.
1.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?
2.Whyshouldn’tweuseawordthatcanbefoundinanydictionaryasapassword?
3.Ifyouarechoosingapasswordforyourcomputer,whichofthefollowingisthebestchoice?
4.Howcanyouchooseapasswordthatisbothsecureandsimpletoremember?
5.Theword“Given”inParagraph2canbebestreplacedby().
問題1選項
A.Howtostrengthensecuritythroughapassword.
B.Howtochooseapasswordthatiseasytoremember.
C.Howtopreventyourpasswordfrombeingcracked.
D.Howtochooseasafeandconvenientpassword.
問題2選項
A.Becauseitcanbeeasilyrememberedbyacomputerhacker.
B.Becausecomputerprogramscancrackit.
C.Becausecomputerhackersaredeterminedtocrackit.
D.Becausethelistsaresohugethatthewordsarenoteasytoremember.
問題3選項
A.iaHgnahs
B.19730508
C.2B/not2B
D.Re-B,pl2
問題4選項
A.Takingthetitleofyourfavoritebookorfilm.
B.Takingalinefromasongorpoemyoulikebest.
C.Makingupanonsensicalwordwhichcannotbefoundinanydictionary.
D.Usingtwoshortwordslinkedwithapunctuationcharacter.
問題5選項
A.Fixed
B.Granted
C.Supposed
D.Presented
【答案】第1題:D
第2題:B
第3題:D
第4題:D
第5題:C
【解析】1.主旨大意題。題干:這篇文章的主旨是?這文章全文是關(guān)于“密碼”。文章第一段就出現(xiàn)了passwords和PINs。第二段即引出文章主旨,如何選擇既安全又簡單易記的密碼。后面的內(nèi)容對這個問題做出了回答,所以選項D“如何選擇一個安全方便的密碼”正確。A選項“如何通過密碼加強安全性”,是文章第五段的主要內(nèi)容。B選項“如何選擇一個容易記住的密碼”,是文章第六段的主要內(nèi)容。C選項“如何防止你的密碼被破解”,是文章第三,四段的主要內(nèi)容。綜上所述,本題的正確答案是D選項。
2.事實細節(jié)題。題干:為什么我們不能用一個在任何字典里都能找到的詞作為密碼呢?由題干定位到第四段第三、四、五句話Finally,donotuseawordthatcanbefoundinanydictionary,evenaforeign-languageone.Hugelistsareavailablethatcontainwords,placenames,andpropernamesfromalllanguages.Programscantestforvariationsofthesewords,suchasiftheyarespelledbackward,capitalized,orcombined.(最后,不要使用任何詞典中都能找到的詞,即使是外語詞典。巨大的列表是可用的,包含單詞,地名,和來自所有的語言的專有名稱。比較簡單的計算機程序能夠很快地破譯這類密碼,比如它們是倒寫、大寫還是組合。),所以本題B選項“因為計算機程序可以破解它”,符合題意。A選項“因為電腦黑客很容易記住它”,是因為容易被破解所以不能用,并沒有提到是否容易記憶,A選項排除。C選項“因為電腦黑客會下定決心破解它”,文章提到是有程序可以破解,而不是黑客會下決心破解,所以C選項不符合題意。D選項“因為單詞表是如此之大以至于單詞不容易記住”,在文中并沒有提及。綜上所述,本題的正確答案是B選項。
3.推理判斷題。如果你正在為你的電腦選擇一個密碼,以下哪個是最好的選擇?根據(jù)第四段第一句話Inaddition,ifpossible,don’tusepasswordsmadeupentirelyoflettersordigits.(另外,如果可能的話,不要使用完全由字母或數(shù)字組成的密碼。),可排除A和B選項。這篇文章的最后一句講到Justafinalcomment:Whateverpasswordsyoudecidetouse,don’tpickanyoftheexamplesgivenabove.(無論你決定選擇什么密碼,不要采用上面提到的任何一個例子。),而C選項正是文章所給的例子,所以排除。所以只有D選項,有不同種類的符號、數(shù)字、橫線等的組合,才是最好的選擇。綜上所述,本題的正確答案是D選項。
4.推理判斷題。題干:如何選擇既安全又容易記憶的密碼呢?根據(jù)文章第七段Othersuggestionsincludetakingtwoshortwordsandlinkthemwithapunctuationcharacter(還有建議就是使用兩個簡短的單詞,并用標點符號將它們連接起來),可知D選項“用兩個簡短的單詞連上一個標點符號”,符合題意。根據(jù)文章第六段第二句Somesuggestthatyoutakethetitleofafavoritebookorfilmoralinefromasongorpoemandusethefirstletterfromeachwordasyourpassword,addingcapitalletters,punctuation,orothercharacters.(有人建議你用最喜歡的書或電影的標題,或一首歌曲或一首詩的臺詞,把每個單詞的首字母作為你的密碼,加上大寫字母、標點符號或其他字符。),可知,A選項“選你最喜歡的書或電影的名字”和B選項“從你最喜歡的歌或詩中選取一句”,都不全面,選擇書或者電影名字會容易被程序破解,所以B,C都不正確。C選項“編了一個在任何字典里都找不到的無意義的詞”,隨便編出來的沒有意義的詞會很容易忘記,所以C選項排除。綜上所述,本題的正確答案是D選項。
5.推理判斷題。題干:第二段的“Given”,可以由單詞________替代。由題干定位到第二段Itisestimatedthatwithintenyears,consumerscouldbefacedwithhandlingmorethan100passwords!Giventhepopularityofpasswords,howcanyouchooseonesthataresufficientlycomplicatedtobesecureyetaresimpleenoughtoremember?(據(jù)估計,在10年內(nèi),消費者可能要處理100多個密碼!考慮到密碼的流行,你如何選擇一個足夠復雜的安全而又足夠簡單的記憶密碼呢?),A選項“確定,固定”,B選項“授予,允許”,C選項“假定,設想”,D選項“提出,提供”。文章是對10年后情況的推測,所以應該選擇C選項符合題意。
8.單選題
Althoughhethoughthewashelpingustopreparethedinner,hewasactually()theway.
問題1選項
A.in
B.after
C.on
D.by
【答案】A
【解析】考查短語辨析。A選項intheway“擋道,礙事,妨礙某人”;B選項aftertheway英語里沒有這樣的短語。C選項ontheway“在途中,在路上,從某種程度上來說”;D選項bytheway“順便說說,順便問一下”,句意:他以為他在幫我們準備晚餐,其實根本不是這么回事。由選項意思和句意可知,A選項符合句意。
9.單選題
They()outbecausethelightison.
問題1選項
A.mustn’thavegone
B.maynothavegone
C.cannothavegone
D.needn’thavegone
【答案】C
【解析】考查情態(tài)動詞辨析。表示推測時,肯定形式用must,否定形式用can’t一般表示對事實有根據(jù)的否定推測。如:Hecan’tbeinthehouse;hewentouthalfanhourago.(他不可能在家,半小時前他就出去了。)can后接動詞的完成時態(tài)表示某人可能已經(jīng)做了某事或某事已發(fā)生,或者由虛擬語氣延伸而表示“能而未”。如:Wherecanhehavegone?(他能去哪兒了呢?)Manywomencouldhavehadverygoodpositionsinsociety,buttheypreferredtostayathometakingcareoftheirfamilies.(許多婦女都能在社會上找到很好的工作,但她們寧愿呆在家里,照顧家人。),A選項mustn’thavegone“禁止出去”;mustnot表示禁止,語氣強硬,一般情況下后面不跟動詞的完成時態(tài),B選項maynothavegone“可能沒出去”;C選項cannothavegone“不可能出去”;D選項needn’thavegone“不需要出去”。句意:燈還開著,他們_____。由“燈還開著”可以推斷出,他們不可能出去了,一定還在家,所以本題的正確答案是C選項。
10.單選題
Besurenottomentionthiswhenyou()aboutthisproblem.
問題1選項
A.weretalking
B.willtalk
C.havebeentalking
D.aretalking
【答案】D
【解析】考查時間狀語從句,當從句動作和主句動作同時發(fā)生,且從句動作為延續(xù)性動詞時,主語是一般現(xiàn)在時,when引導時間狀語從句用現(xiàn)在進行時,所以本題D是正確答案。
11.單選題
Wewantto()thelatesttechnologyintoschools.
問題1選項
A.announce
B.operate
C.introduce
D.cast
【答案】C
【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項announce“宣布,述說”,announce…to“通知某人,向……宣布”;B選項operate“操作,經(jīng)營”;C選項introduce“介紹,引進”,introduce…to“向……介紹”;D選項cast“投,拋,計算”。句意:我們想向?qū)W校推薦最新的技術(shù)。由選項意思和固定搭配可知,C選項符合句意。
12.單選題
()isoneofthemostusefulandfascinatingdivisionsofhumanknowledgeiswidelyaccepted.
問題1選項
A.Thatmathematics
B.Whatmathematics
C.Wheremathematics
D.Mathematics
【答案】A
【解析】考查主語從句。_______isoneofthemostusefulandfascinatingdivisionsofhumanknowledge充當主句的主語,選項中的mathematics是主語從句的主語。所以前面的主語從句完整不缺成分,只有that引導主語從句,在主語從句中不做成分,且不能省略。句意:數(shù)學是人類知識中最有用、最迷人的部分之一,這一點已被廣泛接受。所以本題的正確答案是A選項。
13.寫作題
WriteontheANSWERSHEETacompositionofatleast200wordsbasedonthetopic“TraditionandInnovation”.
Youaretowriteinthreeparts.
Inthefirstpart,statespecificallywhatyouropinionis.
Inthesecondpart,providereasonsoryourexperiencestosupportyouropinion.
Inthelastpart,bringwhatyouhavewrittentoanaturalconclusionormakeasummary.
【答案】Thereisavividsayingwhichsays“Iftraditioncanbelikenedtotherootsandtrunkofatree,innovationisitsleavesandfruits.”Iquiteapplaudthissimile.Frommyperspective,traditionandinnovationaredoomedtocoexistperpetually.
Firstandforemost,traditionisasolidfoundationforinnovation,withabundantnutritionwecanabsorb,suchasscientificexperimentapproachesandsciencespirits.Secondly,it’sthedrawbacksoftraditionincertainfieldsthatgiverisetoinspirationandmomentumtoinnovate.Forinstance,ThomasEdison,whocaughtthesightoftheinconvenienceoftraditionalgaslight,conductedexperimentsandeventuallyinventedlightbulb.Onthecontrary,innovationwillcertainlyfightagainsttradition.Whenaninnovationsatisfiespeople'sexpectation,itcangainpopularityandfinallymakeitselfanewelementintradition,whichwillbeheldinhighesteem.
Inaword,traditionandinnovationcanneverbeseparated.Attheverytime,withtheever-increasingspeedofinnovation,adiversityofnewly-borntechnologyandhi-techproductspenetrateourdailylife.I’mconvincedthatwe’dbetterbeabsolutelyconsciousofourroot——traditionandgiveprioritytoit.Onlywhenwegainathoroughcomprehensionofitcanweaccomplishmagnificentinnovationandexertpositiveeffectonoursocietyasawhole.
14.單選題
Icouldn’tfind(),andsoItookthisone.
問題1選項
A.alargeenoughcoat
B.anenoughlargecoat
C.alargecoatenough
D.acoatenoughlarge
【答案】A
【解析】考查副詞用法。句意:enough修飾名詞時放名詞前,如:Idon’thaveenoughmoney.修飾形容詞或副詞時放形容詞或副詞后,如:Youarenotcapableenoughtogetthisposition.所以本題的正確答案是A選項。句意:我找不到足夠大的大衣,所以我拿了這一件。綜上所述,本題的正確答案是A選項。
15.單選題
Lastmonththefirstbaby-boomersturned60.Thebulkygenerationbornbetween1946and1964isheadingtowardsretirement.Thelooming“demographiccliff”willseevastnumbersofskilledworkersdispatchedfromthelaborforce.Theworkforceisageingacrosstherichworld.WithintheEUthenumberofworkersagedbetween50and64willincreaseby25%overthenexttwodecades,whilethoseaged20-29willdecreaseby20%.InJapanalmost20%ofthepopulationisalreadyover65,thehighestshareintheworld.AndintheUnitedStatesthenumberofworkersaged55-64willhaveincreasedbymorethanhalfinthisdecade,atthesametimeasthe35-to-44-year-oldsdeclineby10%.
Giventhatmostsocietiesaregearedtoretirementataround65,companieshavealoomingproblemofknowledgemanagement,ofmakingsurethattheboomersdonotleavebeforetheyhavehandedovertheirexpertisealongwiththeofficekeysandtheire-mailaddress.Asurveyofhuman-resourcesdirectorsbyIBMlastyearconcluded:“Whenthebaby-boomergenerationretires,manycompanieswillfindouttoolatethatacareer'sworthofexperiencehaswalkedoutthedoor,leavinginsufficienttalenttofillinthevoid.”
Somealsofaceashortageofexpertise.Inaerospaceanddefense,forexample,asmuchas40%oftheworkforceinsomecompanieswillbeeligibletoretirewithinthenextfiveyears.Atthesametime,thenumberofengineeringgraduatesindevelopedcountriesisinsteepdecline.
Afewcompaniesaresosqueezedthattheyarealreadytakingexceptionalmeasures.EarlierthisyeartheLosAngelesTimesinterviewedanenterprisingAustralianwhowasstayinginBeverlyHillswhilehetriedtopersuadelocalstoemigratetoToowoomba,Queensland,toworkforhisengineeringcompanythere.Toowoombatoday;therestofthedevelopedworldtomorrow?
Ifyoulookhardenough,youcanfindcompaniesthathavebeguntoadapttheworkplacetoolderworkers.TheAARP,anAmericanassociationfortheover-50s,producesanannuallistofthebestemployersofitsmembers.Health-carefirmsinvariablycomenearthetopbecausetheyareoneoftheindustriesmostinneedofskilledlabor.Othersectorssimilarlyaffected,saystheConferenceBoard,includeoil,gas,energyandgovernment.
NearthetopoftheAARP’slatestlistcomesDeere&Company,ano-nonsenseindustrial-equipmentmanufacturerbasedinIllinois;about35%ofDeere’s46,000employeesareover50andanumberofthemareintheir70s.Thetoolsitusestoachievethat—flexibleworking,telecommuting,andsoforth—alsocoincidentallyhelpolderworkerstoextendtheirworkinglives.Thecompanyspends“alotoftime”ontheergonomicsofitsfactories,makingjobstherelesstiring,whichenablesolderworkerstostayatthemforlonger.
Likewise,formorethanadecade,Toyota,arguablytheworld’smostadvancedmanufacturer,hasadapteditsworkstationstoolderworkers.Theshortageofskilledlaboravailabletotheautomotiveindustryhasmadeitunusuallykeentorecruitolderworkers.BMWrecentlysetupafactoryinLeipzigthatexpresslysetouttoemploypeopleovertheageof45.
Needsmustwhenthedevildrives.Otherfirmsarepolishingtheiralumninetworks.IBMusesitsnetworktorecruitretiredpeopleforparticularprojects.Ernst&Young,aprofessional-servicesfirm,hasabout30,000registeredalumni,andabout25%ofits“experienced”newrecruitsareformeremployeeswhoreturnafteranabsence.
Butsuchexamplesareunusual.AsurveyinAmericalastmonthbyErnst&Youngfoundthat“althoughcorporateAmericaforeseesasignificantworkforceshortageasboomersretire,itisnotdealingwiththeissue.”Almostthree-quartersofthe1,400globalcompaniesquestionedbyDeloittelastyearsaidtheyexpectedashortageofsalariedstaffoverthenextthreetofiveyears.Yetfewofthemarelookingtoolderworkerstofillthatshortage;andevenfewerarelookingtothemtofillanothergapthathasalreadyappeared.ManyfirmsinEuropeandAmericacomplainthattheystruggletofindqualifieddirectorsfortheirboardswhenthepoolofretiredtalentfromthoseverysamefirmsisgrowingbyleapsandbounds.
Whyarefirmsnotworkinghardertokeepoldemployees?Partofthereasonisthatthecrunchhasbeenbeyondthehorizonofmostmanagers.Norishangingontoolderworkerstheonlywaytocopewithafallingsupplyoflabor.Theparticipationofdevelopingcountriesintheworldeconomyhasincreasedtheoverallsupply—whateverthelocaleffectofdemographicsintherichcountries.AvastamountofworkisbeingsentoffshoretosuchplacesasChinaandIndiaandmorewillgoinfuture.Somecountries,suchasAustralia,arerelaxingtheirimmigrationpoliciestoallowmuchneededskillstocomeinfromabroad.Otherswillavoidtheneedforworkersbyspendingmoneyonmachineryandautomation.
1.Accordingtothepassage,themostseriousconsequenceofbaby-boomersapproachingretirementwouldbe().
2.ThefollowingareallthemeasuresthatcompanieshaveadoptedtocopewiththeageingworkforceEXCEPT().
3.“Thecompanyspends‘a(chǎn)lotoftime’ontheergonomicsofitsfactories”meansthat().
4.Intheauthor’sopinion,Americanfirmsarenotdoinganythingtodealwiththeissueoftheageingworkforcemainlybecause().
5.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheauthor’sdevelopmentofargument?
問題1選項
A.alossofknowledgeandexperiencetomanycompanies
B.adecreaseinthenumberof35-to-44-year-olds
C.acontinuousincreaseinthenumberof50-to-64-year-olds
D.itsimpactonthedevelopedworldwhoseworkforceisageing
問題2選項
A.makingplacesofworkaccommodatetheneedsofolderworkers
B.usingalumninetworkstohireretiredformeremployees
C.encouragingformeremployeestoworkoverseas
D.grantingmoreconvenienceinworkinghourstoolderworkers
問題3選項
A.thecompanyattachesgreatimportancetothelayoutofitsfactories
B.thecompanyimprovestheworkingconditionsinitsfactories
C.thecompanyattemptstoreduceproductioncostsofitsfactories
D.thecompanyintendstorenovateitsfactoriesandupdateequipment
問題4選項
A.theyhavenotbeenawareoftheproblem
B.theyarereluctanttohireolderworkers
C.theyarenotsureofwhattheyshoulddo
D.theyhaveotheroptionstoconsider
問題5選項
A.introducingtheissue—citingwaystodealwiththeissue—describingtheactualstatus—offeringreasons.
B.describingtheactualstatus—introducingtheissue—citingwaystodealwiththeissue—offeringreasons.
C.citingwaystodealwiththeissue—introducingtheissue—describingtheactualstatus—offeringreasons.
D.describingtheactualstatus—offeringreasons---introducingtheissue—citingwaystodealwiththeissue.
【答案】第1題:D
第2題:C
第3題:B
第4題:D
第5題:B
【解析】1.事實細節(jié)題。題干:根據(jù)文章,嬰兒潮一代(指出生于生育高峰期的人,生育高峰兒),即將退休的最嚴重后果將是_________。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段第一句話Lastmonththefirstbaby-boomersturned60.Thebulkygenerationbornbetween1946and1964isheadingtowardsretirement.Thelooming“demographiccliff”willseevastnumbersofskilledworkersdispatchedfromthelaborforce.Theworkforceisageingacrosstherichworld.(上個月,嬰兒潮一代迎來了60歲生日。1946年至1964年出生的龐大一代正走向退休。即將出現(xiàn)的“人口懸崖”將導致大量熟練工人從勞動力市場流失。發(fā)達國家的勞動力都在老齡化。),所以D選項“它對勞動力老齡化的發(fā)達國家的影響”,符合題意。A選項“對許多公司來說是知識和經(jīng)驗的損失”,在文中并未提及,故排除。B選項“35-44歲人數(shù)的減少”,C選項“50-64歲人數(shù)的持續(xù)增長”,都是工人年齡未來的趨勢而不是后果,所以不符合題意。綜上所述,本題的正確答案是D選項。
2.推理判斷題。題干:以下是各公司為應付勞動力老化而采取的所有措施,除了_______。根據(jù)文章第六段第二句話Thetoolsitusestoachievethat—flexibleworking,telecommuting,andsoforth—alsocoincidentallyhelpolderworkerstoextendtheirworkinglives.(用來實現(xiàn)這一目標的工具—靈活工作、遠程辦公等等—也巧合地幫助了年長的員工延長了他們的工作壽命。),可知A選項“使工作場所適應年長工人的需要”和D選項“給年長的工人在工作時間上提供更多的便利”,是公司采取的措施,故排除A,D選項。根據(jù)文章第八段第二句話Otherfirmsarepolishingtheiralumninetworks.(其他公司也在完善他們的校友網(wǎng)絡),可知B選項“利用校友網(wǎng)絡來雇傭退休的前雇員”,也是公司采取的措施之一。只有C選項“鼓勵前雇員到海外工作”,在文中沒有提及。綜上所述,本題的正確答案是C選項。
3.推理判斷題。題干:“公司在工廠的人體工程學上花費了‘大量時間’”,意味著_______。根據(jù)題干定位到文章第六段最后一句話Thecompanyspends“alotoftime”ontheergonomicsofitsfactories,makingjobstherelesstiring,whichenablesolderworkerstostayatthemforlonger.(該公司在工廠的人體工程學上花費了“大量時間”,使那里的工作不那么累人,從而使年老的工人在那里呆的時間更長。),A選項“公司非常重視工廠的布局”,B選項“公司改善了工廠的工作條件”,C選項“公司試圖降低工廠的生產(chǎn)成本”,D選項“公司打算更新工廠和設備”,以上選項只有B選項才能是在人體工程學的基礎(chǔ)上使工作不那么累人。綜上所述,本題的正確答案是B選項。
4.事實細節(jié)題。題干:在作者看來,美國公司沒有采取任何措施來解決勞動力老齡化問題,主要是因為_______。根據(jù)題干定位到文章最后一段第一句話Whyarefirmsnotworkinghardertokeepoldemployees?Partofthereasonisthatthecrunchhasbeenbeyondthehorizonofmostmanagers.Norishangingontoolderworkerstheonlywaytocopewithafallingsupplyoflabor.(為什么公司不努力留住老員工?部分原因是,問題已經(jīng)超出了大多數(shù)管理者的能力范圍。抓住老員工不放也不是應對勞動力供應下降的唯一辦法。),所以D選項“他們會考慮
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