個(gè)心理學(xué)英文名詞解釋打印版

27/27個(gè)心理學(xué)英文名詞解釋打印版520個(gè)心理學(xué)英文名詞解釋打印版

01.ABDesign

Asinglesubjectresearchdesignthatcontainsonebaseline(A)andonetreatment(B).

02.ABABDesign

Asinglesubjectresearchdesignthatcontainsabaseline(A1),treatment(B1),asecondbaseline(B2)andasecondtreatmentphase(B2)

03.Alpha(lowercase小寫字母)

Theabbreviationforprobabilityoferrorinstatisticalresults.SeeTypeIError.(a)

04.AlternativeHypothesis被擇假設(shè)

Thehypothesisthatstatesthereisadifferencebetweentwoormoresetsofdata.

05.AbsoluteZero

Characteristicofascaleofmeasurementthatcontainsapointwherethescalehasnovalue.06.Accommodation順應(yīng)

Thecreationofnewcognitiveschemaswhenobjects,experiences,orotherinformationdoesnotfitwithexistingschemas.

07.ActionPotential

Thefiringonaneuron.Occurswhenthechargeinsidetheneuronbecomesmorepositivethanthechargeoutside.

08.Acetycholine乙酰膽堿

Aneurotransmitterassociatedwithvoluntarymovement,sleepandwakefulness.

09.Aggressive

Aninterpersonalstylewhereonlytheimmediateneedsoftheselfareconsideredratherthantheneedsofothers.(Asopposedtopassiveorassertive)

10.Agoraphobia廣場恐怖癥

Ananxietydisordercharacterizedbyanintensefearofleavingone'shome.

11.AllorNoneLaw

Eitheraneuroncompletelyfiresoritdoesnotfireatall.

12.Alpha(lowercase)

Theabbreviationforprobabilityoferrorinstatisticalresults.SeeTypeIError.(a)

13.AlternativeHypothesis

Thehypothesisthatstatesthereisadifferencebetweentwoormoresetsofdata.

14.Altruism利他主義

Behaviorthatisunselfishandmayevenbedetrimentalbutwhichbenefitsothers.

15.Amnesia遺忘

Lossofmemory.Usuallyonlyapartiallosssuchasforaperiodoftimeorbiographicalinformation.

16.Amygdala杏仁核

Apartofthebrain'slimbicsystemthatattachesemotionalsignificancetoinformationandmediatesbothdefensiveandaggressivebehavior.

17.AnalExpulsivePersonality

StemmingfromtheAnalstage,achildwhobecomesfixatedduetoovercontroltransfershisorherunresolvedanal(orcontrol)issuesintocharacteristicssuchascruelty,pushiness,messiness,ordisorganization.

18.AnalRetentivePersonality

StemmingfromtheAnalstage,achildwhobecomesfixatedduetoundercontroltransfers

hisorherunresolvedanal(orcontrol)issuesintocharacteristicssuchascompulsivity,stinginess,cleanliness,organization,andobstinance.

19.AnalStage

Freud'ssecondstageofpsychosexualdevelopmentwheretheprimarysexualfocusisontheeliminationorholdingontofeces.Thestageisoftenthoughtofasrepresentingachild'sabilitytocontrolhisorherownworld.

20.Analysis

SeePsychoanalysis.

21.AnalysisofVariance

Aninferentialstatisticalprocedureusedtotestwhetherornotthemeansoftwoormoresetsofdataareequaltoeachother.

22.ANOVA

AnalysisofVariance.

23.Anxiety

Thephysiologicalandpsychologicalreactiontoanexpecteddanger,whetherrealorimagined.

24.Aphasia失語癥

Theimpairmentoftheabilitytocommunicateeitherthroughoralorwrittendiscourseasaresultofbraindamage.

25.Approach-ApproachConflict

Theconflictpresentedwhentwooppositebutequallyappealingchoicesareavailablebutcannotbothbeobtained.

26.Approach-AvoidanceConflict

Theconflictpresentedwhenthebestpositivechoicewillresultinanegativeoutcomeaswellaspositive.

27.ArousalTheory喚醒理論

Thetheorystatingthatwearemotivatedbyourinnatedesiretomaintainanoptimallevelofarousal.

28.Assertive武斷

Styleofinterpersonalinteractionwhereboththeneedsoftheselfandothersareconsidered.(Asopposedtopassiveoraggressive)

29.Assimilation

Incorporatingobjects,experiences,orinformationintoexistingschemas.

30.Associations聯(lián)想

Thephenomenoninlearningthatstateswearebetterabletorememberinformationifitispairedwithsomethingwearefamiliarwithorotherwisestandsout.

31.Attachment依戀

Thestrongbondachildformswithhisorherprimarycaregiver.

32.Attribution歸因

Anideaorbeliefabouttheetiologyofacertainbehavior.

33.AttributionTheory

Thetheorythatarguespeoplelookforexplanationofbehavior,associatingeitherdispositional(internal)attributesorsituational(external)attributes.

34.Authoritarian[parents]獨(dú)裁

Parentingstylefocusedonexcessiverules,rigidbeliefsystems,andtheexpectationofunquestionedobedience.

35.AutonomicNervousSystem植物神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)

Partoftheperipheral周圍神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)nervoussystemthatregulatestheinvoluntaryactionsofthebody(e.g.,breathing,heartrate,bloodpressure,pupildilation).AlsoregulatestheFightorFlightPhenomenon.

36.AvailabilityHeuristic啟發(fā)

Aruleofthumbstatingthatinformationmorereadilyavailableinourmemoryismoreimportantthaninformationnotaseasilyaccessible.

37.Aversion厭惡Therapy

Atypeofbehavioraltreatmentwhereanaversivestimuliispairedwithanegativebehaviorinhopesthatthebehaviorwillchangeinthefuturetoavoidtheaversivestimuli.

38.Avoidance-AvoidanceConflict

Theconflictwherebothpossiblechoiceshaveanequalnegativeoutcome.

39.Axon軸突

Thetail-likepartoftheneuronthroughwhichinformationexitsthecell.

40.BehaviorModification矯正

Theapplicationofbehavioraltheorytochangeaspecificbehavior.

41.BehaviorTherapy

Theapplicationofbehavioraltheory(e.g.conditioning,reinforcement)inthetreatmentofmentalillness.

42.Behaviorism

Theschoolofpsychologyfoundedonthepremise前提t(yī)hatbehaviorismeasurableandcanbechangedthroughtheapplicationofvariousbehavioralprinciples.

43.Bell-ShapedCurve鐘型曲線

Alsoreferredtoasanormaldistributionornormalcurve,abell-shapedcurveisaperfectmesokurticcurvewherethemean,median,andmodeareequal.

44.Beta(uppercase)

AbbreviationforPowerinstatisticalresults.SeeTypeIIError.(b)

45.BinocularCues雙眼線索

Visualcues(convergenceandretinaldisparity)thatrequirebotheyestoperceivedistance(asopposedtomonocularcues)

46.Bisexuality

Beingattractedtoorarousedbymembersofbothgenders.SeeSexualOrientation.

47.BlindStudy

Asawaytoavoidtheplaceboeffect安慰劑效應(yīng)inresearch,thistypeofstudyisdesignedwithoutthesubject'sknowledgeoftheanticipatedresultsandsometimeseventhenatureofthestudy.Thesubjectsaresaidtobe'blind'totheexpectedresults.

48.Broca’sAphasia失語癥

AnaphasiaassociatedwithdamagetotheBroca'sareaofthebrain,demonstratedbytheimpairmentinproducingunderstandablespeech.

49.Burnout精疲力盡

Changesinthoughts,emotions,andbehaviorasaresultofextendedjobstressandunrewardedrepetitionofduties.Burnoutisseenasextremedissatisfaction,pessimism,loweredjobsatisfaction,andadesiretoquit.

50.CanonicalCorrelation典型相關(guān)

AcorrelationaltechniqueusedwhentherearetwoormoreXandtwoormoreY.(Example:Thecorrelationbetween(ageandsex)and(incomeandlifesatisfaction)

51.CastrationAnxiety閹割焦慮

AccordingtoFreud'sStagesofPsychosexualDevelopment,thefearaboyinthephallicstageexperiencesduetoafearthathisfatherwillrenderhimpowerlessifhisfatherfindsoutabouthisattractiontowardhismother.

52.Catharsis宣泄

Theemotionalreleaseassociatedwiththeexpressionofunconsciousconflicts.

53.CEEBScore

Astandardscorethatsetsthemeantofive-hundredandstandarddeviationtoone-hundred.UsedontheScholasticAptitudeTest(SAT)

54.CellBody

Themainpartofaneuronwheretheinformationisprocessed.

55.CentralNervousSystem

Thebrainandthespinalcord脊髓.

56.CentralTendency集中趨勢

Astatisticalmeasurementattemptingtodepicttheaveragescoreinadistribution(seemean,median,and/ormode)

57.Centration自我中心

Ayoungchild'stendencytofocusonlyonhisorherownperspectiveofaspecificobjectand

afailuretounderstandthatothersmayseethingsdifferently.

58.Cerebellum小腦

Partofthebrainassociatedwithbalance,smoothmovement,andposture.

59.CerebralHemispheres

Thetwohalvesofthebrain(rightandleft)

60.ChemicalImbalance

Agenerictermfortheideathatchemicalinthebrainareeithertooscarceortooabundantresultinginorcontributingtoamentaldisordersuchasschizophrenia精神分裂orbipolardisorder躁狂.Othersbelievethatthedisorderprecedestheimbalance,suggestingthatachangeinmood,forexample,changesourchemicalsratherthanthechemicalchangingourmood.

61.Chunk組塊

Aunitofinformationusedinmemory

62.Chunking

Combiningsmallerunitsofmeasurementorchunksintolargerchunks.(e.g.,asevenchunkphonenumbersuchas5-5-5-1-2-1-2becomesafivechunknumbersuchas5-5-5-12-12)63.ClassicalConditioning

Thebehavioraltechniqueofpairinganaturallyoccurringstimulusandresponsechainwithadifferentstimulusinordertoproducearesponsewhichisnotnaturallyoccurring.

64.ClientCenteredTherapy

AhumanistictherapybasedonCarlRoger'sbeliefsthatanindividualhasanunlimitedcapacityforpsychologicalgrowthandwillcontinuetogrowunlessbarriersareplacedintheway.

65.CoefficientofDetermination決定系數(shù)

Thestatisticornumberdeterminedbysquaringthecorrelationcoefficient系數(shù).Representstheamountofvarianceaccountedforbythatcorrelation.

66.CoercivePower強(qiáng)制力

Powerderivedthroughtheabilitytopunish.

67.Cognition

Theprocessofreceiving,processing,storing,andusinginformation.

68.CognitiveBehavioralTherapy

Treatmentinvolvingthecombinationofbehaviorism(basedonthetheoriesoflearning)andcognitivetherapy(basedonthetheorythatourcognitionsorthoughtscontrolalargeportionofourbehaviors).

69.CognitiveDissonance失調(diào)

therealizationofcontradictionsinone'sownattitudesandbehaviors.

70.CognitivePsychology

Thesub-fieldofpsychologyassociatedwithinformationprocessingandtheroleitplaysinemotion,behavior,andphysiology.

71.CognitiveTherapy

Thetreatmentapproachbasedonthetheorythatourcognitionsorthoughtscontrolalargepartofourbehaviorsandemotions.Therefore,changingthewaywethinkcanresultinpositivechangesinthewayweactandfeel.

72.CohortEffects

Theeffectsofbeingbornandraisedinaparticulartimeorsituationwhereallothermembersofyourgrouphassimilarexperiencesthatmakeyourgroupuniquefromothergroups

73.CollectiveUnconscious

AccordingtoJung,thecontentoftheunconsciousmindthatispasseddownfromgenerationtogenerationinallhumans.

http://./doc/33d129e9ae45b307e87101f69e3143323868f5d0.htmlpulsion

Thephysicalactresultingfromanobsession.Typicallyacompulsiveactisdoneinanattempttoalleviatethediscomfortcreatedbyanobsession.

75.ConcreteOperationalStage具體運(yùn)算

AccordingtoPiaget,thestageofcognitivedevelopmentwhereachildbetweentheagesof7and12beginsthinkingmoregloballyandoutsideoftheselfbutisstilldeficient不足inabstractthought.

76.ConcurrentValidity同時(shí)效度

Ameasurementsabilitytocorrelateorvarydirectlywithanacceptedmeasureofthesameconstruct

77.ConditionedResponse

Theresponseinastimulus-responsechainthatisnotnaturallyoccurring,butratherhasbeenlearnedthroughitspairingwithanaturallyoccurringchain.

78.ConditionedStimulus

Thestimulusinastimulus-responsechainthatisnotnaturallyoccurring,butratherhasbeenlearnedthroughitspairingwithanaturallyoccurringchain.

79.Conditioning

Theprocessoflearningnewbehaviorsorresponsesasaresultoftheirconsequences.

80.ConfidenceInterval置信區(qū)間

Thelevelofcertaintythatthetruescorefallswithinaspecificrange.Thesmallertherangethelessthecertainty.

81.Conformity從眾

Changingyourattitudes,beliefs,thoughts,orbehaviorsinordertobemoreconsistentwith

others.

82.Confound

Anyvariablethatisnotpartofaresearchstudybutstillhasaneffectontheresearchresults83.Conscience

AccordingtoFreud,therestrictiondemandedbythesuperego.

84.Consciousness

Awarenessofyourselfandtheworldaroundyou.

85.Conservation

Theunderstanding,typicallyachievedinlaterchildhood,thatmatterremainsthesameevenwhentheshapechanges(i.e.,apoundofclayisstillapoundofclaywhetheritisrolledinaballorpoundedflat).

86.Consolidation

Thephysiologicalchangesinthebrainassociatedwithmemorystorage.

87.ConsolidationFailure

Thefailuretostoreinformationinmemory.

88.Constant

Anyvariablethatremainsthesamethroughoutastudy.

89.Construct

Anyvariablethatcannotbedirectlyobservedbutratherismeasuredthroughindirectmethods.(Examples:intelligence,motivation)

90.ConstructValidity

Thegeneralvalidityofameasuringdevice.Constructvalidityanswersthequestionofwhetherornotthemeasuringdeviceactuallymeasurestheconstructunderquestion.

91.ContentValidity

Ameasurementdevice’sabilitytobegeneralizedtotheentirecontentofwhatisbeingmeasured.

92.ContextDependentMemory

Thetheorythatinformationlearnedinaparticularsituationorplaceisbetterrememberedwheninthatsamesituationorplace.

93.ContinuousReinforcement

Theapplicationofreinforcementeverytimeaspecificbehavioroccurs.

94.ControlGroup

Thegroupofsubjectsinanexperimentthatdoesnotreceivetheindependentvariable.

95.Convergence

Thebinocularcuetodistancereferringtothefactthatthecloseranobject,themoreinwardoureyesneedtoturninordertofocus

96.ConvergentThinking

Logicalandconventionalthoughtleadingtoasingleanswer.

97.ConversionDisorder

Asomatoformdisorderwheretheindividualexperiencesalossofsensationorfunctionduetoapsychologicalbelief(e.g.,paralysis,blindness,deafness).

98.CorrelatedSample

Sampledatathatisrelatedtoeachother.

99.Correlation

Thedegreetowhichtwoormorevariablesarelatedtoeachother.Acorrelationreferstothedirectionthatthevariablesmoveanddoesnotnecessarilyrepresentcauseandeffect.(Example:heightandweightarecorrelated.Asoneincreases,theothertendstoincreaseaswell)

100.CorrelationCoefficient

Thestatisticornumberrepresentingthedegreetowhichtwoormorevariablesarerelated.Oftenabbreviated'r.'

101.Counterconditioning

Theuseofconditioningtoeliminateapreviouslyconditionedresponse.Theconditionedstimulus(CS)isrepairedwithadifferentunconditionedstimulus(UCS)toeventuallyelicitanewconditionedresponse(CR)

102.CriticalPeriod

Atimeframedeemedhighlyimportantindevelopinginahealthymanner;canbephysically,emotionally,behaviorally,orcognitively.

103.CriticalValue

Thevalueofastatisticrequiredinordertoconsidertheresultssignificant.

104.CrossSectionalStudy

Aresearchstudythatexaminestheeffectsofdevelopment(maturation)byexaminingdifferentsubjectsatvariousages

105.CrossSequentialStudy

Aresearchstudythatexaminestheeffectsofdevelopment(maturation)bycombininglongitudinalandcrosssectionalstudies

106.Crowding

Thepsychologicalandpsychologicalresponsetothebeliefthattherearetoomanypeopleinaspecifiedarea.

107.CrystallizedIntelligence

Thepartofintelligencewhichinvolvestheacquisition,asopposedtotheuse,ofinformation108.Decay

Theorywhichstatesthatmemoryfadesand/ordisappearsovertimeifitisnotusedoraccessed.

109.DeclarativeMemory

Thepartoflong-termmemorywherefactualinformationisstored,suchasmathematicalformulas,vocabulary,andlifeevents.

110.DeductiveReasoning

Decisionmakingprocessinwhichideasareprocessedfromthegeneraltothespecific.111.Defenses(DefenseMechanisms)

Psychologicalforceswhichpreventundesirableorinappropriateimpulsesfromenteringconsciousness(e.g.,forgettingresponsibilitiesthatwereallydidn'twanttodo,projectingangerontoaspouseasopposedtoyourboss).AlsocalledDefenseMechanisms,DefenseSystem,orEgoDefenses.

112.DegreesofFreedom

Thenumbersofindividualscoresthatcanvarywithoutchangingthesamplemean.Statisticallywrittenas'N-1'whereNrepresentsthenumberofsubjects.

113.Delusion

Falsebeliefsystem(e.g.,believingyouareNapoleon,havemagicalpowers,orthefalsebeliefthatothersare'outtogetyou.').

114.Dendrites

Extensionsofthecellbodyofaneuronresponsibleforreceivingincomingneurotransmitters.

115.DependentVariable

Thevariableinanexperimentthatismeasured;theoutcomeofanexperiment.

116.DescriptiveStatistics

Thebranchofstatisticsthatfocusesondescribinginnumericalformatwhatishappeningnowwithinapopulation.Descriptivestatisticsrequirethatallsubjectsinthepopulation(theentireclass,allmalesinaschool,allprofessors)betested.

117.DevelopmentalPsychology

Theareaofpsychologyfocusedonhowchildrengrowpsychologicallytobecomewhotheyareasadults.

118.DeviationIQScore

AstandardscoreusedforreportingIQscoreswherethemeanissetto100andstandarddeviationto15

119.DifferenceThreshold

Thesmallestchangeinperceptionwhichisnoticeableatleast50%ofthetime.

120.Discrimination

Inbehavioraltheory,thelearnedabilitytodifferentiatebetweentwosimilarobjectsorsituations.

121.Disorientation

Inabilitytorecognizeorbeawareofwhoweare(person),whatwearedoing(situation),thetimeanddate(time),orwhereweareinrelationtoourenvironment(place).Tobeconsideredaproblem,itmustbeconsistent,resultindifficultyfunctioning,andnotduetoforgettingorbeinglost.

122.Displacement

Thepushingoutofolderinformationinshorttermmemorytomakeroomfornewinformation.

123.DispositionalAttribute

Anattributeexplainedorinterpretedasbeingcausedbyinternalinfluences.

124.Dissociation

Aseparationfromtheself,withthemostsevereresultinginDissociativeIdentityDisorder.Mostofusexperiencethisinverymildformssuchaswhenwearedrivinglongdistanceandlosetimeorfindourselvesdaydreaminglongerthanwethought.

125.Distinctiveness

Thephenomenoninmemorythatstateswearebetterabletorememberinformationifitisdistinctiveordifferentfromotherinformation.

126.DivergentThinking

Theabilitytousepreviouslygainedinformationtodebateordiscussissueswhichhavenoagreedupondefinitiveresolution.

127.Dopamine

Aneurotransmitterassociatedwithmovement,attentionandlearningandthebrain'spleasureandrewardsystem.

128.DopamineHypothesis

Thetheorythatschizophreniaiscausedbyanexcessamountofdopamineinthebrain.Researchhasfoundthatmedicationtoreducedopaminecanreducethepositivesymptomsof

schizophrenia.

129.DoubleBlindStudy

Researchmethodinwhichboththesubjectsandtheexperimenterareunawareor'blind'totheanticipatedresults.

130.Drive

Aninternalmotivationtofulfillaneedorreducethenegativeaspectsofanunpleasantsituation.

131.DrugTherapy

Theuseofmedicationtotreatamentalillness.

132.Ego

InPsychoanalyticaltheory,thepartofthepersonalitywhichmaintainsabalancebetweenourimpulses(id)andourconscience(superego).

133.Egocentric

Thethinkinginthepreoperationalstageofcognitivedevelopmentwherechildrenbelieveeveryoneseestheworldfrothesameperspectiveasheorshedoes.

134.EgoDefenseMechanisms

SeeDefenses

135.EgoIdeal

Inpsychoanalyticthought,thisistheidealordesiredbehavioroftheegoaccordingtothesuperego.

136.Ellis,Albert

AcognitivePsychologistwhodevelopedtheconceptofRational-EmotiveTherapy.

137.Emotion

Feelingsaboutasituation,person,orobjectsthatinvolveschangesinphysiologicalarousalandcognitions.

138.EmotionalIntelligence(EQ)

Theawarenessofandabilitytomanageone'semotionsinahealthyandproductivemanner.139.Encoding

Thetransformationofinformationtobestoredinmemory.

140.Endorphins

Aneurotransmitterinvolvedinpainrelief,andfeelingsofpleasureandcontentedness.141.Epinephrine

Aneurotransmitterinvolvedinenergyandglucosemetabolism.Toolittlehasbeenassociatedwithdepression.

142.EpisodicMemory

SubcategoryofDeclarativememorywhereinformationregardinglifeeventsarestored.143.EqualIntervals

Characteristicofascaleofmeasurementwheretheindividualunitspossessthequalitiesofequalintervals.Thedifferencebetweeneachunitofmeasurementisexactlythesame.144.EquityTheory

Thetheorythatarguesacouplemustseeeachotherascontributingandbenefitingequallytotherelationshipforthembothtofeelcomfortableintherelationship.

145.Error

Theamountofothervariables(asidefromwhatyouaremeasuring)thatcanimpactthe

observedscore

146.ErrorLevel

Thelevelofacceptederrorwithinagivensetofdata.Thegreatertheerrorlevel,thewidertheconfidenceinterval.

147.EscapeConditioning

Operantconditioningbasedontheideathatabehaviorismorelikelytoberepeatedifitresultsinthecessationofanegativeevent.

148.Estimate

Anideaaboutacharacteristicofapopulationbasedonsampledata(e.g.,thesamplemeanIQwas102soweestimatethatthepopulationmeanIQisalso102)

149.Eta

Acorrelationaltechniqueusedprimarilyfornon-linearrelationships.(Example,incomeandagearepositivelycorrelateduntilolderageatwhichpointthecorrelationreversesitselftosomeextent.

150.Etiology

Causalrelationshipsofdiseases;theoriesregardinghowthespecificdiseaseordisorderbegan.

151.ExperimentalGroup

Inresearch,thegroupofsubjectswhoreceivetheindependentvariable.

152.ExperimentalMethod

Researchmethodusingrandomassignmentofsubjectsandthemanipulationofvariablesinordertodeterminecauseandeffect.

153.ExperimenterBias

Errorsinaresearchstudyduetothepredisposednotionsorbeliefsoftheexperimenter.154.ExpertPower

Powerderivedthroughadvancedknowledgeorexperienceinaparticularsubject.

155.Ex-Post-Facto(AftertheFact)Research

Researchmethodinwhichtheindependentvariableisadministeredpriortothestudywithouttheresearcher’scontrolanditseffectsareinvestigatedafterward

156.ExternalLocusofControl

Thebeliefthattheenvironmenthasmorecontroloverlifecircumstancesthantheindividualdoes.

157.ExternalValidity

Theextenttowhichthedatacollectedfromasamplecanbegeneralizedtotheentirepopulation.

158.Extinction

Thereductionandeventualdisappearanceofalearnedorconditionedresponseafteritisnolongerpairedwiththeunconditionedstimulus-responsechain.

159.ExtrinsicMotivation

Thedesireorpushtoperformacertainbehaviorbasedonthepotentialexternalrewardsthatmaybereceivedasaresult.

160.Extroversion

Personalitystylewheretheindividualprefersoutwardandgroupactivityasopposedtoinwardandindividualactivity.

161.FactorAnalysis

Astatisticaltechniqueusedtodeterminethenumberofcomponentsinasetofdata.These

componentsarethennamedaccordingtotheircharacteristicsallowingaresearchertobreakdowninformationintostatisticalgroups.

162.FactorialANOVA

AnAnalysisofVarianceusedwhentherearetwoormoreindependentvariables.Whentherearetwo,theANOVAiscalledaTwo-WayANOVA,threeindependentvariableswoulduseaThree-WayANOVA,etc.

163.FamilyTherapy

Treatmentinvolvingfamilymemberswhichseekstochangetheunhealthyfamilialpatternsandinteractions.

164.Fixation

InFreud'stheoryofpsychosexualdevelopment,thefailuretocompleteastagesuccessfullywhichresultsinacontinuationofthatstageintolateradulthood.

165.FixedIntervalSchedule

Ascheduleinwhichthereinforcementispresentedafteraspecificperiodoftime.

166.FixedRatioSchedule

Ascheduleinwhichthereinforcementispresentedafteraspecificnumberofresponses.167.Fetish

Aconditioninwhicharousaland/orsexualgratificationisattainedthroughinanimateobjects(shoes,pantyhose)ornon-sexualbodyparts(feet,hair).Isconsideredaproblemwhentheobjectisneededinordertoobtainarousalorgratificationandtheindividualcannotcannotcompleteasexualactwithoutthisobjectpresent.

168.FrequencyDistribution

Atableshowingthenumberofoccurrencesforeachscore

169.FrequencyEffect

Thephenomenoninmemorywhichstatesthatwetendtorememberinformationbetterifitisrepeated.

170.Freud,Sigmund

Dr.Freudisoftenreferredtoasthefatherofclinicalpsychology.Hisextensivetheoryofpersonalitydevelopment(psychoanalyticaltheory)isthecornerstoneformodernpsychologicalthought,andconsistsof(1)thepsychosexualstagesofdevelopment,(2)thestructuralmodelofpersonality(id,ego,superego),and(3)levelsofconsciousness(conscious,subconscious,andunconscious).SeePsychoanalysis.

171.Flooding

Abehavioraltechniqueusedtotreatphobiasinwhichtheclientispresentedwiththefearedstimulusuntiltheassociatedanxietydisappears.

172.FluidIntelligence

AccordingtoCattell,thepartofintelligencewhichinvolvestheuse,asopposedtotheacquisition,ofinformation.

173.FormalOperationalStage

Pavlov'sfourt