2022年考研考博-考博英語-廈門大學考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號1

1、住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-廈門大學考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據實際調整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題Any nation that interferes in the internal affairs of another nation should be_condemned.問題1選項A.verballyB.universallyC.wickedlyD.visually【答案】B【解析】verbally口頭地；universally普遍地；wickedly惡劣地，居心叵測地；visually視覺地。句意：任何干涉他國內政的國家

2、都應受到普遍譴責。選項B符合句意。2.單選題Despite almost universal_of the vital importance of womens literacy, education remains a dream for far many women in far too many countries of the world.問題1選項A.confessionB.identificationC.acknowledgementD.compliment【答案】C【解析】confession懺悔, 供認；identification鑒定, 識別；acknowledgement承

3、認, 認知；compliment恭維, 稱贊。句意：盡管幾乎普遍承認婦女識字的至關重要性, 但對世界上許多國家的許多婦女來說, 教育仍然是一個夢想。選項C符合句意。3.單選題Now they think that their views about the president and his policies on Iraq, global warming or unilateralism have all been_, so why keep ranting?問題1選項A.treacherousB.fraudulentC.avengedD.vindicated【答案】D【解析】treache

4、rous背叛的，奸詐的；fraudulent欺騙性的； avenged報復， 報仇；vindicate證明.正確，維護。句意：現(xiàn)在他們認為， 他們對總統(tǒng)及其在伊拉克，全球變暖或單邊主義政策的問題上的看法，都被證明是正確的， 那他們?yōu)槭裁催€這么義憤填膺呢？選項D符合句意。4.單選題Many economists believed that_consumers would cut spending once the value of their homes began to fall.問題1選項A.overstretchedB.oversaturatedC.overproducedD.overpo

5、pulated【答案】A【解析】overstretched過度延伸的，指系統(tǒng)或組織被迫過度運作的；oversaturated過飽和的；overproduce過度生產的；overpopulated人口過密的，人口過剩的。句意：許多經濟學家認為，一旦房價開始下跌，超負荷的消費者就會削減支出。選項A符合句意。5.單選題Londons Heathrow airport,alongside many other major airports,is hoping that_passenger numbers will be swallowed up by a new generation of huge

6、aircraft.問題1選項A.probateB.obsoleteC.swellingD.recapitulating【答案】C【解析】probate遺囑認證的; obsolete荒廢的, 淘汰的; swell增大; 磁脹; recapitulate 重述要點, 概述。句意：倫敦Heathrow機場和其他許多主要機場都希望，新一代的巨型飛機能夠承載得下數(shù)量日益增長的旅客。選項C符合句意。6.案例題Everybody wastes time. Instead of doing his homework, the schoolboy watches television. Instead of w

7、riting her essay the student goes out with her friends. They all have good intentions, but they keep putting off the moment when they must start work. As a consequence, they begin to feel guilty, and then waste even more time wishing they had not allowed themselves to be distracted.When someone else

8、 is organizing our time for us, as for instance during lessons or working hours, we do not necessarily work more efficiently, but at least we are subject to the discipline of a routine. It is when we are responsible for organizing our own time that the need for self-discipline arises.I know two writ

9、ers who seem to work in quite different ways. Bob is extremely methodical. He arrives at his office at 9 a.m. and is creative until 12:30. At 2 p.m. he returns to his desk and is creative until 5 p.m., when he goes home and switches off until the following morning. Alan, on the other hand, works in

10、inspired bursts, often missing meals and sleep in order to get his ideas down on paper. Such periods of intense activity are usually followed by days when he potters around his flat, listening to Mozart and flicking through magazines.Their places of work reflect their styles. Bobs books are neatly a

11、rranged on the shelves; he can always find the books he wants. Alan, on the other hand, has books and magazines all over the place. They are about every subject under the sun, mostly unconnected with his work. All the same he has a knack of making use of the unlikely information to illuminate his bo

12、oks.1.People often waste their time by （ ） .2.Self-discipline is needed when one（ ） .3.Why does the author say Bob is extremely methodical?4.Alan often goes without meals and sleep when（ ） .5.Alan reads a great variety of books and magazines, so that（ ）.【答案】1.spar for time.2.arrange time for himself

13、.3.Because Bob always arranges well with his daily schedule and working tools.4.Allen needs to burst into thoughts and record it down, he doesnt eat nor sleep.5.spark inspiration.【解析】1.根據第一段的第四句They all have good intentions, but they keep putting off the moment when they must start work.人們通過拖延時間而浪費時

14、間。2.根據第二段的最后一句It is when we are responsible for organizing our own time that the need for self-discipline arises.當我們組織自己的時間時, 自律的產生就很有必要了。3.根據第三段的內容可知：Bob的生活特別規(guī)律, 他把自己的作息時間和工作安排的井并有條, 所以作者說鮑勃是一個非常有條理的人。4.根據第三段的倒數(shù)第二句Alan, on the other hand, works in inspired bursts, often missing meals and sleep in o

15、rder to get his ideas down on paper.艾倫的作品靈感迸發(fā), 經常為了把自己的想法寫在紙上而錯過吃飯和睡覺。5.根據最后一段的最后一句All the same he has a knack of making use of the unlikely information to illuminate his books.盡管如此, 他還是有辦法利用這些不太可能的信息來照亮他的書。也就是說以便激發(fā)靈感。7.單選題The chances of infection of BSE or mad-cow disease may be slight, but that do

16、es not stop people_beef en masse.問題1選項A.shunningB.ignoringC.disregardingD.affronting【答案】A【解析】shun避開, 避免; ignore不理睬,忽視; disregard漠視; affront公開侮辱，冒犯。句意：感染瘋牛病的概率是很小的，但這并不能阻止人們大量食用牛肉。選項A符合句意。8.單選題It is interesting to reflect for a moment upon the differences in the areas of moral feeling and standards i

17、n the peoples of Japan and the United States. The Americans divide these areas somewhat rigidly into spirit and flesh,the two being in opposition in the life of a human being. Ideally,spirit should prevail but all too often it is the flesh that does prevail. The Japanese make no such division, at le

18、ast between one as good and the other as evil. They believe that a person has two souls,each necessary. One is the gentle soul, the other is the rough soul. Sometimes the person uses his gentle soul, sometimes he must use his rough soul. He does not favor his gentle soul,neither does he fight his ro

19、ugh soul. Human nature in itself is good,Japanese philosophers insist,and a human being does not need to fight any part of himself. He has only to learn how to use each soul properly at the appropriate times. Virtue for the Japanese consists in fulfilling ones obligations to others. Happy endings,ei

20、ther in life or in fiction,are neither necessary nor expected,since the fulfillment of duty provides the satisfying end, whatever the tragedy it inflicts. And duty includes a persons obligations to those who have conferred benefits upon him and to himself as an individual of honor. He develops throu

21、gh this double sense of duty a self-discipline which is at once permissive and rigid,depending upon the area in which it is functioning.The process of acquiring this self-discipline begins in childhood. Indeed, one may say it begins at birthhow early the Japanese child is given his own identity! If

22、I were to define in a word the attitude of the Japanese toward their children I would put it in one succinct word. Love? Yes,abundance of love, warmly expressed from .the moment he is put to his mothers breast. For a mother this nursing of her child is important psychologically.Rewards are frequent,

23、a bit of candy bestowed at the right moment,an inexpensive toy. As time comes to enter school, however, discipline becomes firmer. To bring shame to the family is the greatest shame for the child.What is the secret of the Japanese teaching of self-discipline? It lies, I think,in the fact that the ai

24、m of all teaching is the establishment of habit. Rules are repeated over and over,and continually practiced until obedience becomes instinctive. This repetition is enhanced by the expectation of the elders. They expect a child to obey and to learn through obedience. The demand is gentle at first and

25、 tempered to the childs tender age. It is no less gentle as time goes on,but certainly it is increasingly inexorable.Now, far away from that warm Japanese home, I reflect upon what I learned there. What, I wonder,will take the place of the web of love and discipline which for so many centuries has s

26、urrounded the life and thinking of the people of Japan? 1.According to Japanese belief a child is born（ ） .2.The training of the Japanese child can best be described as（ ） .3.In the teaching of self-discipline the Japanese emphasize （ ） .4.The Japanese idea of virtue is（ ） .5.To the Japanese,the aim

27、 of existence is（ ） .問題1選項A.basically goodB.amoral, neither good nor evilC.with two souls which are in combat with one anotherD.in sin問題2選項A.a system of rewards and punishmentsB.frequent disciplining which becomes more inexorably severe as the child grows olderC.benevolent and indulgent during the e

28、arly years,but somewhat more severe as the child grows olderD.almost entirely psychological問題3選項A.duty to ones family and relationsB.early toilet training combined with restrictive movementC.heavy external control including both verbal and physical punishmentD.a permissive atmosphere almost until pu

29、berty問題4選項A.sublimating the rough soul to permit ascendancy of the gentle soulB.fulfilling ones obligations to othersC.doing good and avoiding evilD.being friendly and courteous to all people問題5選項A.the pursuit of happinessB.reward in the afterlifeC.a happy ending to ones activitiesD.fulfilling ones

30、duty【答案】第1題:A第2題:C第3題:D第4題:B第5題:D【解析】1.根據第一段“Human nature in itself is good,Japanese philosophers insist,and a human being does not need to fight any part of himself. He has only to learn how to use each soul properly at the appropriate times.”日本哲學家堅持認為, 人性本身是好的, 一個人不需要與自己的任何一部分作斗爭。他只需要學習如何在適當?shù)臅r候恰當?shù)?/p>

31、使用每一個靈魂。所以選項A符合原文。2.根據倒數(shù)第二段的最后一句“The demand is gentle at first and tempered to the childs tender age. It is no less gentle as time goes on,but certainly it is increasingly inexorable.”這種要求一開始是溫和的, 根據孩子們幼小的年齡而進行調整, 隨著時間的推移這種要求就不那么溫和了, 可以肯定的說是越來越無情了。選項C符合原文。3.本題與上一題意思相近, 這種要求一開始是溫和的, 根據孩子們幼小的年齡而進行調整,

32、隨著時間的推移這種要求就不那么溫和了, 可以肯定的說是越來越無情了。選項D符合原文。4.根據第一段中提到的“Virtue for the Japanese consists in fulfilling ones obligations to others.”可知選項B符合原文。5.根據第一段的后半部分的內容可知, 對于日本人來說, 存在的目的就是履行職責。所以選項D正確。9.單選題The Tacomas executive director and three port commissioners will be in China next week to_advice from world

33、port experts on improving inland transportation systems.問題1選項A.discriminateB.disperseC.differentiateD.glean【答案】D【解析】discriminate歧視, 區(qū)別；disperse（使）分散, 疏散；differentiate區(qū)別, 區(qū)分; glean 收集。句意：塔科馬港執(zhí)行董事和三名港務專員將于下周訪問中國，聽取世界港口專家關于改善內陸運輸系統(tǒng)的建議。選項D符合句意。10.單選題Scientists are searching for the oldest tree_because i

34、t can leach them a great deal about many issues related with climate change.問題1選項A.livelyB.aliveC.livingD.live【答案】B【解析】lively活潑的, 生動的; alive活著的, 現(xiàn)存的, 可作后置定語; living活的, 活躍的, 只作前置定語; live活的, 生動的; 實況轉播的。句意：科學家們正在尋找現(xiàn)存的最古老的樹, 因為它可以讓他們了解許多與氣候變化有關的問題。選項B符合句意。 11.單選題When light illuminates an object, part of

35、 it is absorbed and part reflected; the_lightness of an object depends on the proportion of light that is reflected.問題1選項A.denotedB.embodiedC.insulatedD.perceived【答案】D【解析】denoted指示,表示; embodied所包含的; insulated被隔離的; perceived所察覺到的。句意：當光照射一個物體時, 它的一部分被吸收, 一部分被反射; 被感知的物體的亮度取決于被反射的光的比例。選項D符合句意。12.單選題The

36、fact that the earths surface heats_ provides a convenient way to divide it into temperature region.問題1選項A.infrequentlyB.irregularlyC.unsteadilyD.unevenly【答案】D【解析】infrequently很少發(fā)生地, 稀少地; irregularly不規(guī)則地, 無規(guī)律地; unsteadily不穩(wěn)定地, 搖擺地; unevenly不均衡地, 不平坦地, 不平行地。句意：地球表面受熱不均這一事實提供了一種便捷的方法來劃分它的溫度區(qū)域。 選項D符合句意。

37、13.單選題By 1817 the United States Confess had_all internal taxes and was relying on tariffs on imported goods to provide sufficient revenues to run the government.問題1選項A.allocatedB.distributedC.eliminatedD.collected【答案】C【解析】allocated分配; distributed分發(fā); eliminated忽略, 除去; collected收集。句意：到1817年, 美國承認取消了所有

38、的國內稅收, 運行政府依靠進口商品的關稅來提供足夠的收入。選項C符合句意。14.單選題Euthanasia is a practice of mercifully ending a persons life in order to_the person from an incurable disease and intolerable suffering.問題1選項A.liberateB.confineC.releaseD.apprehend【答案】A【解析】liberate解放,解脫; confine限制; release釋放; apprehend理解,逮捕。句意：安樂死是一種仁慈地結束一個

39、人的生命, 從而使病人從不可醫(yī)治的絕癥和無法忍受的痛苦中解脫出來的做法。選項A符合句意。15.寫作題Some people think that a sense of competition inchildren should be encouraged. Others believe that children who are taught toco-operate rather than compete become more useful adults.You should write at least 250 words. Normal 0 7.8 磅 0 2 false false

40、false EN-US ZH-CN X-NONE You should use your own ideas, knowledge andexperience and support your arguments with examples and relevant evidence.【答案】On competition and cooperationSome people hold the view that competition and cooperation are always in conflict with each other. But some have different

41、opinions that competition and cooperation are the two indispensable parts of the winners.Competition and cooperation are very common in every field of our life. The Olympic games is the most famous competition all over the world. And employees compete for jobs, for promotion, for customers and for s

42、ales, etc. To some extent, competition stimulates peoples interest in work and push the society forward. In our life, we often find that competition goes hand in trend with cooperation. In the sports contest, the victory of the team requires good teamwork, that is, cooperation. No doubt, we often fi

43、nd there is an inseparable relationship between competition and cooperation. In a football match, either team is competing with other. But each member of the team is cooperating with his teammates.As far as I am concerned, cooperation and competition are both important. They are attributes which are

44、 equally necessary for a person to achieve success in his life. While we advocate competition, we cannot forget cooperation. Human beings are social beings. No one can exist alone in the society. If you want to play the game well, you have to play with others. You cannot play single-handed and win.

45、You have to cooperate with your playmates, who may make the social ladder for you to climb to the top. From cooperation we get mutual help and understanding. With cooperation the world is progressing at peace and in harmony.16.單選題At the sight of her husband getting off the train, the woman walked fo

46、rward and_him and stroked his white hair.問題1選項A.embracedB.clappedC.paddledD.flocked【答案】A【解析】embraced擁抱; clapped拍手喝彩; paddled攪拌; flocked聚集。句意：一看到丈夫下火車, 女人就上前擁抱他, 撫摸他的白發(fā)。選項A符合句意。 17.單選題The bureau develops and implements US foreign economic policy and tries to_Americas economic interests with its forei

47、gn policy.問題1選項A.undertakeB.resolveC.obeyD.reconcile【答案】D【解析】undertake承擔,保證; resolve決心; obey服從; reconcile使和解, 使一致。句意：該局制定和實施美國的對外經濟政策, 并努力使美國的經濟利益與其外交政策相協(xié)調。選項D符合句意。 18.單選題Theres one girl at my school who everybody_because she doesnt wear what everybody else wears; they are horrible to her.問題1選項A.pic

48、ks outB.picks overC.picks onD.picks off【答案】C【解析】pick out挑選； pick over仔細檢查以便選出優(yōu)品（或剔除劣品）； pick on作弄，挑剔；pick off摘掉。句意：我們學校有一個女孩，每個人都欺負她，因為她穿的和大家不一樣；大家都討厭她。選項C符合句意。19.單選題In the wake of the 70-vehicle pileup,a slew of lawsuits are expected to be_against drivers, trucking companies and several state agenc

49、ies alleging negligence and wrongful death.問題1選項A.subjectedB.filedC.committedD.surrendered【答案】B【解析】subject使屈從于, 使隸屬; file把歸檔, 提出(申請等); commit犯罪,做錯事; surrender投降, 自首。句意：在這起70輛汽車連環(huán)相撞事件發(fā)生后, 預計將對司機、貨運公司和幾家州政府機構提起一系列訴訟, 指控他們玩忽職守和過失殺人。file a lawsuit against控告, 起訴。選項B符合句意。20.單選題You invest in the equity mar

50、ket to provide yourself with stream of future dividends which will hopefully _inflation.問題1選項A.outpaceB.outfaceC.outgrowD.outlaw【答案】A【解析】outpace超過速度, 趕過; outface蔑視; outgrow出生, 蛻變; outlaw將放逐, 宣布不合法。句意：投資股票市場會給自己帶來未來的紅利，而且它將有望趕超通貨膨脹。選項A符合句意。21.單選題As marketers increase their communication through both

51、print and electronic channels,the opportunity for _is growing rapidly.問題1選項A.fraudB.jargonC.pledgeD.motivation【答案】A【解析】fraud欺詐, 騙子; jargon行話; pledge保證, 許諾, 抵押; motivation 動機。句意：當營銷人員通過印刷和電子渠道加強溝通的時候，也為欺詐行為提供了快速增長的機會。選項A符合句意。22.單選題The_action of the policemen saved the people in the house from being b

52、urnt.問題1選項A.supremeB.significantC.promptD.vital【答案】C【解析】supreme最高的, 至高的; significant重大的, 有意義的; prompt及時的, 迅速的; vital至關重要的。句意：警察迅速采取措施, 使得房子里的人免于燒傷。選項C符合句意。23.單選題The president striking an_tone on Israeli Palestinian relations after a week of ideal meeting with leaders from both sides of the conflict.

53、問題1選項A.outlandishB.optimisticC.jurisdictionalD.sacramental【答案】B【解析】outlandish偏僻的, 古怪的; optimistic樂觀的; jurisdictional司法的, 司法權的; sacramental圣禮的,神圣的。句意：總統(tǒng)在與巴以沖突雙方領導人進行了一周令人滿意的會晤后, 對巴以關系發(fā)表了樂觀的看法。選項B符合句意。24.單選題When traveling, you are advised to take travelers checks, which provide a secure_to carrying yo

54、ur money in cash.問題1選項A.substituteB.selectionC.inferenceD.alternative【答案】D【解析】substitute替代物； preference偏愛；selection選擇，指從相當數(shù)量中進行選擇，強調數(shù)量多和慎重的判斷和鑒別；alternative可供選擇的，強調在兩個中選一個。句意：旅游的時候建議你帶上旅行支票， 作為攜帶現(xiàn)金的一個安全替代方式。選項D正確。25.單選題There seems to be no alternative but_the offer.問題1選項A.acceptB.to acceptC.acceptin

55、gD.haying accepted【答案】B【解析】考查固定結構。no.but或者nothing but.后面接不定式to加動詞原形, 為固定句型。選項B正確。26.翻譯題I was deeply shocked by a recent survey that suggested 30 per cent of job applicants embellished the truth or lied on a curriculum vitae. Can the figure really be that low? （1）I had always assumed CVs were filled

56、with evasions, half-truths and downright untruths. But, the news that merely 70 per cent of workers are honest has shaken my lack of faith in my fellow humans. The only consolation is that people often fib in anonymous surveys, just as they do on resumes, which means the real proportion may be highe

57、r.One prediction rang true from the research by the Chartered Institute of Educational Assessors. (2).It was that the incentive for falsehood is growing, as unemployment balloons and competition for jobs rises. In coming months recruiters will therefore be bombarded with CVs making extremely mislead

58、ing claims.It was the same during the downturn of the early 1990s. Then, one acquaintance obtained a graduate traineeship at a large bank by bumping his third-class degree up to a 2:1. A journalist colleague meanwhile admitted to me that his degree from a top university was entirely fictional. (3).

59、Another contemporary explained away a year lost to bone idleness by telling prospective employers that he had been writing a field guide to the wild flowers of the Pyrenees （比利牛斯山脈）. I night have lied on my own CV, if an east coast Scottish upbringing bad not lumbered me with the subliminal convicti

60、on that I would burn for eternity in hell if I did.(4). A company whose services include background checks on job applicants, says that inaccuracies on CVs divide into three main groups. First, there are honest mistakes, typically made when candidates muddle dates. Second, there is deliberate fibbin