譯林牛津高二模塊五Unit3詞匯和語(yǔ)法下學(xué)案

1、優(yōu)選文檔優(yōu)選文檔PAGEPAGE14優(yōu)選文檔PAGE譯林牛津高二模塊五Unit3詞匯和語(yǔ)法（下）教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)詞匯和語(yǔ)法詞匯1.challengingadj.富饒?zhí)魬?zhàn)性的【教材原句】Itisachallengingprofession.這是一份富饒?zhí)魬?zhàn)性的職業(yè)?！纠溲凶x】翻譯以下句中劃線部分1.Teachingyoungchildrenisachallengingandrewardingjob._2.Hechallengedmetoplayanothertennisgame._3.Thecompanyisreadytomeetthechallengesofthenextfewyears._1.一項(xiàng)

2、既有挑戰(zhàn)性，又有意義的工作；2.挑戰(zhàn)我；3.迎接挑戰(zhàn)【拓展】challengevt.意為_挑戰(zhàn)n._挑戰(zhàn)，（比賽等的）建議【搭配】raiseto/meetachallenge_迎接挑戰(zhàn)achallengetosb_對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)是一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)face/acceptachallenge_面對(duì)/接受挑戰(zhàn)學(xué)法點(diǎn)撥：challenge用作動(dòng)詞時(shí)是及物動(dòng)詞，直接跟賓語(yǔ)。近似用法的動(dòng)詞還有：address(向.公布演說(shuō))；brief(向.作簡(jiǎn)要介紹)。E.g.Headdressedanaudienceof10,000supporters.他向一萬(wàn)名支持者公布了演說(shuō)。詞匯2.figureout計(jì)算出，弄懂，弄理解【

3、教材原句】Heisalwaysworkinginhislab,tryingtofigureoutallthemysteriesthatmakehimpuzzled.他素來(lái)都在實(shí)驗(yàn)室里工作，努力弄理解所有那些讓他迷惑的神奇?！纠溲凶x】翻譯以下句中劃線部分Theycantfigureouthowmuchmoneywillbeneededtopushaheadwiththeproject.Icantfigureouthowhesucceededinfinishinghisworkinsuchashorttime._1.計(jì)算出；2.考慮不出1/14譯林牛津高二模塊五Unit3詞匯和語(yǔ)法（下）教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)

4、【鏈接】figuresbtobe_猜想某人是figurein_把.考慮在內(nèi)figureon_預(yù)料到，計(jì)劃begoodatfigures_擅長(zhǎng)計(jì)算have/keepagoodfigure_有/保持好身材詞匯3.burnout耗盡，疲倦不堪；燒壞，燒掉，燒盡【教材原句】Imtotallyburntout.我完好累垮了?！纠溲凶x】翻譯以下句中劃線部分1.Ifheworkssohardregardlessofhishealth,hewillbeindangerofburninghimselfout._2.Thehotelwascompletelyburntout._把他自己累垮；2.燒毀了【鏈接】b

5、urnup_被燒毀，被燒掉（平時(shí)指燒掉除建筑物以外的東西）burnaway_燒掉，燒光burndown_燒毀burn.totheground_把.燒為平川burnwithanger_怒氣沖天burnoff_燒掉，耗資掉burnonesbridge/boats_背水一戰(zhàn)誤區(qū)警示：burnup,burnaway,burndown這三個(gè)短語(yǔ)既能夠用作及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，也能夠用作不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)；但burnoff一般只用作及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)詞匯4.relationn.U(人或事物之間的)聯(lián)系，關(guān)系，關(guān)系；C(人、集體，國(guó)家之間的)關(guān)系，聯(lián)系【教材原句】PublicRelationsManager公關(guān)部經(jīng)理【例句研

6、讀】翻譯以下句中劃線部分Thecostofthisprojectbearsnorelationtotheresults._Relationsbetweenthetwocountrieshaveimprovedrecently._1.此項(xiàng)目的花銷與其成就不相當(dāng)；2.兩國(guó)之間的關(guān)系2/14譯林牛津高二模塊五Unit3詞匯和語(yǔ)法（下）教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)誤區(qū)警示：relation作“國(guó)家、公司、組織等之間的正式關(guān)系，人或集體之間的關(guān)系”講解常常用復(fù)數(shù)形式【拓展】inrelationto(=about)_相對(duì)某事物而言，關(guān)于某事物E.g.Thismonthsproductionofthatfactoryhasde

7、creasedinrelationtolastmonths.【鏈接】relatevt.把.聯(lián)系起來(lái)vi.有關(guān)，涉及（常與介詞to連用）relate.to/with_把與.聯(lián)系起來(lái)berelatedto_與.有關(guān)系E.g.1.Icantrelatewhathedoestowhathesays.2.Thebreakthroughincloningthatscientistshavemadeisrelatedtotheirhardwork.詞匯5.Followinonesfootsteps效仿某人；繼承某人的事業(yè)，步某人的后塵【教材原句】.butthisdoesnotmeanthatweshould

8、followinhissteps.但這其實(shí)不意味著我們應(yīng)效仿他們。【例句研讀】翻譯以下句中劃線部分1.Yourbrothercommittedacrime.Youshouldntfollowinhissteps._2.Sheworksineducation,followinginherfathersfootsteps._1.你不應(yīng)該步他后塵；2.繼承父業(yè)【鏈接】asfollows_以下followthefashion_趕時(shí)髦followtherule_依照這條規(guī)則itfollowsthat._其結(jié)果是followonesadvice_遵照某人的忠告3/14譯林牛津高二模塊五Unit3詞匯和語(yǔ)法

9、（下）教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)誤區(qū)警示：注意下面句子中的followed與following的不同樣：Theteacherenteredtheclassroom,followedbyhisstudents.那位老師走進(jìn)教室，后邊跟著他的學(xué)生。Theteacherenteredtheclassroom,followinghisstudents.那位老師跟在他的學(xué)生后邊走進(jìn)教室。詞匯6.majorityn.大多數(shù)，過(guò)多數(shù)【教材原句】IamsurethatifyouconductedasurveyamongUKcitizens,itwouldshowthatthemajorityofpeoplewouldnotsu

10、pportthistypeofscientificresearch.我敢確定若是你在英公民眾中作檢查，檢查將顯示大多數(shù)人不支持這種科學(xué)研究?！纠溲凶x】翻譯以下句中劃線部分1.Amongthemembersofthecommitteethosewhofavourtheproposedchangesareinthemajority._2.Themajorityofpeoplebelievesmokingisharmfultohealth._3.Themajorityis/aredoingits/theirbesttohelpsolvetheproblemofclimatechange._1.占大

11、多數(shù)；2.大多數(shù)人；3.多數(shù)人【搭配】beinthe/amajority_組成大多數(shù)，大多數(shù)學(xué)法點(diǎn)撥：themajorityof后跟名詞復(fù)數(shù)作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；后跟單數(shù)名詞做主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；themajority單獨(dú)作主語(yǔ)，若重申整體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；若重申個(gè)體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)【鏈接】minorityn.少許，少許民族，少許派beinthe/aminority_占少許，成為少許派詞匯7.insummary總的來(lái)說(shuō)，概括起來(lái)4/14譯林牛津高二模塊五Unit3詞匯和語(yǔ)法（下）教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)【教材原句】Insummary,Iinsistthatyoutaketheopinionsofthepe

12、opleoftheUKintoconsideration,andendthispracticeimmediately.總的來(lái)說(shuō)，我堅(jiān)決主張你應(yīng)該考慮英國(guó)人民的建議，馬上結(jié)束這種做法?！纠溲凶x】1.Insummary,yourerrorofjudgmentledtothefailureofinvestment.【鏈接】give/makeasummary(of)_做（.的）大綱tosumup(=insum)_整體來(lái)說(shuō)asmall/largesumofmoney_一小筆/一大筆錢take.Intoconsideration把.考慮在內(nèi)【鏈接】underconsideration_在考慮中，在研究中

13、inconsiderationof_考慮到，顧及consideras_把.看做.considerdoingsth_考慮做某事considersb./sth.(tobe)+adj./n._認(rèn)為某人/某物（是）.E.g.1.Ialwaystakefuelconsumptionintoconsiderationwhenbuyingacar.2.Whenthedevelopingeconomy,wehavetotakeenvironmentalprotectionintoconsideration.詞匯8.reliableadj.可靠的，可相信的【教材原句】Throughcloning,wecanth

14、usmakesurethatwewillhaveareliablesupplyofhigh-qualityfoodforyearstocome.經(jīng)過(guò)克隆，我們能夠保證在未來(lái)幾年內(nèi)我們會(huì)有可相信的，高質(zhì)量的食品供應(yīng)?！纠溲凶x】翻譯以下句中劃線部分1.Hewontletyoudown,hesreliable._5/14譯林牛津高二模塊五Unit3詞匯和語(yǔ)法（下）教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)Theenginesperformanceisnotveryreliable._Ourinformationcomesfromareliablesource._1.他不會(huì)讓你無(wú)望，他值得相信；2.這臺(tái)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的性能不是很牢固；3.我

15、們的信息來(lái)源可靠【鏈接】relyon/upon相信（后若接that從句，則要先加it.）詞匯9.Briefadj.短暫的，簡(jiǎn)短的【教材原句】Forexample,clonedanimalsarenotveryhealthy-theynearlyalwayslivebrief,painfullivescomparedwithordinaryanimals.比方，克隆出來(lái)的動(dòng)物不是很健康，它們幾乎總是活得很短暫，很悲傷?！就卣埂縏obebrief_簡(jiǎn)短簡(jiǎn)要地說(shuō)inbrief_簡(jiǎn)單地說(shuō)，簡(jiǎn)言之E.g.1.Tobebrief,hewashappywiththeresult.2.Inbrief,heis

16、nolongerastrangerhere.【單詞積累】brieflyadv.簡(jiǎn)短地，簡(jiǎn)要地，短暫地，暫時(shí)地詞匯10.confirmv.證明，證明，確認(rèn)【教材原句】Therefore,wecannotconfirmthatfoodfromclonedanimalsisreallysafeforhumantoeat.因此，我們不能夠證明人們食用由克隆動(dòng)物產(chǎn)出的食品是真切安全的。【例句研讀】翻譯以下句中劃線部分1.Whatyouhavesaidconfirmsmyopinions._2.Haseveryoneconfirmedthattheyrecoming?_Ithasbeenconfirmed

17、thatthe31stOlympicGameswillbeheldinRiodeJaneiro._6/14譯林牛津高二模塊五Unit3詞匯和語(yǔ)法（下）教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)1.證了然我的看法；2.他們可否是每一個(gè)人都確認(rèn)過(guò)必然會(huì)來(lái)？3.已經(jīng)確定【搭配】confirmsth._證明/確認(rèn)某事confirmthat._證明Ithasbeenconfirmedthat_已經(jīng)確定詞匯11.infavourof贊成，支持【教材原句】Wouldanyonesaythatdevelopmentshouldbestoppedinfavourofnature?有人會(huì)說(shuō)難道為了保護(hù)自然就應(yīng)該停止經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展嗎？【例句研讀】翻譯以下

18、句中劃線部分1.Itstrikesmethatnobodyisinfavourofthechanges._2.Insummary,Iminfavouroftheproposal._1.支持這些改變；2.我贊成這個(gè)建議【鏈接】bein/outoffavour(withsb)_(不)受(某人)賞識(shí)的，(不)受(某人)歡迎的inonesfavour_有助于某人，對(duì)某人有利dosb.afavour/doafavourforsb_幫某人忙dosb.afavourtodosth._幫助某人做某事winonesfavour_贏得某人的好感findfavourwithsb._得寵于某人，受某人喜歡askafa

19、vourofsb._請(qǐng)某人幫忙asksb.afavour_請(qǐng)某人幫忙E.g.1.CouldyoudomeafavourtotellKellyIcan2.Theideamayfindfavourwitholdpeople.tmakeit?詞匯12.Fromthepointofviewofsb.(=fromonespointofview)依照某人的看法，依照某人的看法7/14譯林牛津高二模塊五Unit3詞匯和語(yǔ)法（下）教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)【教材原句】Fromthepointofviewofsomepeople,weareonlydoingwhathumanshavealwaysdone,usingnature

20、tomeetourownneeds.依據(jù)有些人的看法，我們可是在做人類素來(lái)在做的事情，利用自然滿足我們自己的需求。E.g.Frommypointofview,thetheorythatwasputforwardbythescientistisnotquitescientific.【鏈接】tothepoint_合適，中肯offthepoint_離題tothepointof(doing)sth._達(dá)到某種程度beonthepointofdoingsth.When._正要做某事，這時(shí).Thereisnopoint(in)doing_做.沒(méi)有意義inonesopinion/view_在某人看來(lái)E.g.

21、Youcansticktoyourownpointofview,butinmyopinion,itsnotworththeeffortyouwillmake.Meetonesneeds(=meettheneedsofsb./satisfyonesneeds)滿足某人的需要E.g.1.Thegovernmentistryingtomeetpeoplesneeds.2.Thecharityexiststomeettheneedsofelderlypeople.詞匯13.frightenvt./vi(使某人)感覺(jué)害怕，使害怕，驚嚇【教材原句】Whilemanypeopleareexcitedabou

22、tthesenewtechnologies,thesesametechnologiesfrightenothers.當(dāng)好多人為這些新技術(shù)愉悅不已時(shí)，這些同樣的技術(shù)也讓其他人害怕?！纠溲凶x】翻譯以下句中劃線部分1.Wewerefrightenedbytheclonedmonster._2.Thechildrensshoutsfrightenedoffthebirds._3.Hefrightenedmeintokeepingsilent._4.HedroveataspeedwhichfrightenedLauratodeath._1.我們被那頭克隆的怪物嚇壞了；2.嚇跑了鳥；3.恐嚇我要我保持默

23、然；8/14譯林牛津高二模塊五Unit3詞匯和語(yǔ)法（下）教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)4.讓勞拉嚇得要死【搭配】frightenaway/off_將（人或動(dòng)物）嚇跑o/outofdoingsth_嚇得某人做/不敢做某事frightenab.Todeath_把某人嚇得要死誤區(qū)警示：frighteningadj.令人慌張的，表示令人產(chǎn)生慌張的感覺(jué)，常用來(lái)修飾事物；frightenedadj.驚訝嚇的，害怕.的，常用來(lái)修飾人，表示自己感覺(jué)慌張?jiān)~匯14.haveaneffecton對(duì).產(chǎn)生影響/起作用【教材原句】NooneknowswhateffectstheGMmaterialmighthav

24、eonthefoodchain.沒(méi)有人知道轉(zhuǎn)基因物質(zhì)會(huì)給食品鏈帶來(lái)什么影響。【例句研讀】翻譯以下句中劃線部分1.Poornutritionwillhaveabadeffectonyourhealth._2.Mypointofviewhasaneffectonhischoiceofprofession._1.產(chǎn)生不好的影響；2.影響學(xué)法點(diǎn)撥：在短語(yǔ)haveaneffecton中，effect前面能夠加一些修飾語(yǔ)，on也能夠用upon代替。如：haveagood/badeffecton對(duì)有.好/壞的影響；havelittle/no/agreateffecton對(duì).幾乎沒(méi)有/沒(méi)有/有很大的影響，ha

25、veapositiveeffecton對(duì).有積極影響【鏈接】comeintoeffect_見效，推行beofnoeffect_無(wú)效takeeffect_見效，起作用ineffect_實(shí)質(zhì)上，事實(shí)上carry/put/oeffect_推行haveastronginfluenceon_對(duì).產(chǎn)生富強(qiáng)的影響誤區(qū)警示：effect作名詞講時(shí)，意思是“結(jié)果，收效，作用，影響”；作動(dòng)詞講時(shí)，意思是9/14譯林牛津高二模塊五Unit3詞匯和語(yǔ)法（下）教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)“致使，實(shí)現(xiàn)，達(dá)到（目的等）”。affect是動(dòng)詞，意思是“影響，動(dòng)人”，常常指不好的影響Manyparentslackconfiden

26、ceintheirabilitytoeffectchangeintheirchildrensbehavior.好多父親母親對(duì)自己可否有能力讓子女的行為產(chǎn)生變化缺乏信心。Slowingexportswillaffectdomesticspending.減少出口會(huì)影響國(guó)內(nèi)花銷。詞匯15.permissionn.贊成，贊成，贊成【教材原句】.manycountrieshavehesitatedtogivepermissionfortheproductionofGMfoods好多國(guó)家在可否贊成生產(chǎn)轉(zhuǎn)基因食品的問(wèn)題上猶豫不決.【例句研讀】翻譯以下句中劃線部分1.Geneticallymodifiedso

27、ybeanmustntbeimportedwithoutpermission._2.Ontheonehand,Iwasadmittedintothelab,butontheotherhand,Icouldntwalkaroundwithoutmyteacherspermission._3.Idliketotalktoyoursonalonewithyourpermission._4.Wecantgooutwithoutourteacherspermission._5.Youllhavetogetpermissionfromyourparentsifyouwanttocome._6.Tommya

28、skedforpermissiontogotothebathroom._1.未經(jīng)贊成；2.未經(jīng)老師贊成;3.如您贊成；4.未經(jīng)老師贊成；5.獲取你父親母親的贊成；6.咨詢【拓展】with/withoutonespermission_在某人的贊成下/未經(jīng)某人的贊成getonespermission_獲取某人的贊成askforonespermission_央求某人的贊成二、重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法10/14譯林牛津高二模塊五Unit3詞匯和語(yǔ)法（下）教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)動(dòng)詞-ed形式（過(guò)去分詞）的句法功能（1）作定語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞-ed形式作定語(yǔ),表示動(dòng)作或是在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作從前發(fā)生，或是沒(méi)有必然的時(shí)間性。注意：其邏輯主語(yǔ)就是被

29、其所修飾的名詞。及物動(dòng)詞的-ed形式作定語(yǔ)表示被動(dòng)，不及物動(dòng)詞的-ed形式作定語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作完成。Dollythesheepistheworldsfirstclonedmammal._Weshoulddrinkboiledwater._Awaterandsoilconservationprojectsetupin1989resultedinfarmersreplacingtheircropswithtreesorgrass._Thecarbonproducedwhenwebreatheismuchlessthanthatproducedbycars._Therearesomefallenleave

30、sontheground._學(xué)法點(diǎn)撥：?jiǎn)蝹€(gè)的動(dòng)詞-ed形式作定語(yǔ)，常常放在被修飾的名詞從前；動(dòng)詞的ed形式短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)，一般放在被修飾詞的后邊。Becauseofpollution,thecaughtfishwerenotfittoeat.（2）作表語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞-ed形式作表語(yǔ)，表示主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)、特色或狀態(tài)。動(dòng)詞-ed形式作表語(yǔ)，被動(dòng)意為很弱，主要表示動(dòng)作的完成和狀態(tài)。此時(shí)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)形容詞，常不跟by短語(yǔ)。Theglassisbroken._Ourclassroomiscrowded._Thegroundiscoveredwithsnow._學(xué)法點(diǎn)撥:表示人的心理情緒變化的（surprised,disa

31、ppointed,delighted,excited,pleased等）及其他形式（dressed,drunk,devoted,lost,known,married,bent,recovered,separated等）常能夠作表語(yǔ)表示狀態(tài)。其中有些只表示狀態(tài)，毫無(wú)被動(dòng)意義。11/14譯林牛津高二模塊五Unit3詞匯和語(yǔ)法（下）教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)MygrandfatherwasdelightedtoseehearIovercamethedifficulty._Thosedaysarepassedandgone._Heisdeaddrunk._誤區(qū)警示：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的過(guò)去分詞，被動(dòng)意義很強(qiáng)，句子主語(yǔ)為動(dòng)作的承受

32、著，后接by+動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者。Thenewtissuesandorgansareusedtocurediseasesbydoctors.Agreatnumberoftreeswereplantedbyvolunteerstostopthewindfromblowingthesoilaway.（3）作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞-ed形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)是句子的賓語(yǔ)。賓語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。Thevillagershadmanytreesplantedthen._Inthemorningpeoplewokeupandfoundtheworldoutsidetheirhousescompletely

33、changed._學(xué)法點(diǎn)撥：能用動(dòng)詞-ed形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞大體分為三類：1）make,have,letget,keep等使役動(dòng)詞，此類動(dòng)詞最為廣泛。Weneedtogetthemachinerepairedatonceaswewanttouseitinourexperimenttomorrow.Thethiefkepthismoneyhiddeninhisshoes._see,hear,feel等表示感覺(jué)和心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞。Themothercantstandseeingherbabyleftaloneathome._(3)like,want,wish,order等表示希望、要求、命令的詞

34、。Themanagerdoesntlikesuchquestionsdiscussedatthemeeting._鏈接：With復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：由with+賓語(yǔ)+非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、形容詞或副詞組成。當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞-ed形式12/14譯林牛津高二模塊五Unit3詞匯和語(yǔ)法（下）教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)，表示賓語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。With復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)平時(shí)在句子中作狀語(yǔ)，也能夠作定語(yǔ)，修飾前面的名詞。Withalltheworkdone,wewenttoplaybasketball._Thefellowstoodtherewithhishandscrossed._Thefarmershaveagoodharvestwithallthecropsgotin._Withalotofworktodo,shedoesnthavetimetogotothecinema._Withthe