CCNA內(nèi)部培訓(xùn)課件

1、內(nèi)部培訓(xùn)CCNA教材內(nèi)部培訓(xùn)CCNA教材目錄第一章 數(shù)據(jù)通信基本原理第二章 管理CISCO設(shè)備第三章 使用CDP和Telnet第四章 路由器的構(gòu)造和啟動(dòng)第五章 交換機(jī)的基本配置第六章 VLAN的配置第七章 IP路由(static、rip、igrp、eigrp、ospf)第八章 訪問列表第九章 NAT(網(wǎng)絡(luò)地址轉(zhuǎn)換)第十章 點(diǎn)到點(diǎn)連接第十一章 幀中繼第十二章 ISDN技術(shù)第十三章 VPN技術(shù)第十四章 無線技術(shù)目錄第一章 數(shù)據(jù)通信基本原理標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化組織國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化組織（ISO）電子電器工程師協(xié)會(huì)（IEEE）美國國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)局（ANSI）電子工業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)（EIA / TIA）國際電信聯(lián)盟（ITU）INTERNET

2、架構(gòu)委員會(huì)（IAB）標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化組織國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化組織（ISO）標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化組織 在計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的發(fā)展過程中有許多國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化組織做出了重大的貢獻(xiàn),他們統(tǒng)一了網(wǎng)絡(luò)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),使各個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)產(chǎn)品廠家生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品的可以相互通信,目前為網(wǎng)絡(luò)的發(fā)展做出貢獻(xiàn)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化組織有:ISO: 制定了大型的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),包括與INTERNET相關(guān)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),ISO提出了OSI參考模型,OSI參考模型描述了網(wǎng)絡(luò)的工作原理,為計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)構(gòu)建了一個(gè)易于理解的,清晰的層次模型IEEE: 提供了網(wǎng)絡(luò)硬件上的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)使各種不同網(wǎng)絡(luò)硬件廠商生產(chǎn)的硬件設(shè)備相互通信,IEEE LAN標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是當(dāng)今居于主導(dǎo)地位的LAN標(biāo)準(zhǔn),它主要定了802.X協(xié)議族,期中802.3為以太網(wǎng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)協(xié)議簇

3、,802.4為令牌總線網(wǎng)(TOKEN BUS)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),802.5為令牌環(huán)網(wǎng)(TOKEN RING)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),802.11為無線局域網(wǎng)(WLAN)標(biāo)準(zhǔn).ANSI: 是公司 政府 和期它組織成員組成的自愿組織,主要定義了光纖分布式數(shù)據(jù)接口FDDI的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)EIA/TIA: 定義了網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接線線纜,如:RS232 CAT5 HSSI V.24 同時(shí)還有線纜布放標(biāo)準(zhǔn),如:568BITU: 定義了作為廣域邊接的電信網(wǎng)絡(luò)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn);如:X.25 FRINTERNET架構(gòu)委員會(huì)(Iab internet architectur board) 下設(shè)工程任務(wù)委員去(IETF) 研究任務(wù)委員會(huì)(IRTF),號(hào)碼分配委員會(huì)(IAN

4、A)負(fù)責(zé)各種INTERNET,的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的定義,是目前最具影響力和國 際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化組織.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化組織 在計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的發(fā)展過程中有許多國際標(biāo)第章 數(shù)據(jù)通信基本原理第章 數(shù)據(jù)通信基本原理一般通信的過程N(yùn)ameAddressPost OfficePost OfficeNameAddressNameAddressPost OfficePost OfficeNameAddress一般通信的過程N(yùn)ameAddressPost OfficeP傳輸層 數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層物理層 網(wǎng)絡(luò)層 上層數(shù)據(jù)上層數(shù)據(jù)TCP 頭數(shù)據(jù)IP 頭0101110101001000010數(shù)據(jù)Frame頭表示層應(yīng)用層會(huì)話層段包比特幀PDUFCS封裝數(shù)據(jù)傳輸

5、層 數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層物理層 網(wǎng)絡(luò)層 上層數(shù)據(jù)上層數(shù)據(jù)TCP 頭上層數(shù)據(jù)IP + TCP +上層數(shù)據(jù)Frame 頭TCP+上層數(shù)據(jù)IP 頭上層數(shù)據(jù)TCP 頭0101110101001000010傳輸層 數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層物理層 網(wǎng)絡(luò)層 表示層應(yīng)用層會(huì)話層解封裝數(shù)據(jù)上層數(shù)據(jù)IP + TCP +上層數(shù)據(jù)Frame 頭TCP+上OSI 模式 概述應(yīng)用層 (高) 會(huì)話層表示層應(yīng)用層OSI 模式 概述應(yīng)用層 會(huì)話層表示層應(yīng)用層OSI 模式數(shù)據(jù)流層傳輸層數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層網(wǎng)絡(luò)層物理層應(yīng)用層 (高) 會(huì)話層表示層應(yīng)用層OSI 模式數(shù)據(jù)流層傳輸層數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層網(wǎng)絡(luò)層物理層應(yīng)用層 會(huì)話應(yīng)用層作用Telnet SMTPHTTP FTP用戶接

6、口例子應(yīng)用層應(yīng)用層作用Telnet SMTP用戶接口例子應(yīng)用層Telnet SMTPHTTP FTP JPEG用戶接口數(shù)據(jù)表示加密等特殊處理過程例子表示層應(yīng)用層應(yīng)用層作用Telnet SMTPJPEG用戶接口數(shù)據(jù)表示例子表示層應(yīng)用TelnetHTTPJPEG保證不同應(yīng)用間的數(shù)據(jù)區(qū)分用戶接口數(shù)據(jù)表示加密等特殊處理過程Operating System/Application Access Scheduling例子會(huì)話層表示層應(yīng)用層應(yīng)用層作用TelnetJPEG保證不同應(yīng)用間的數(shù)據(jù)區(qū)分用戶接口數(shù)據(jù)表示保證不同應(yīng)用間的數(shù)據(jù)區(qū)分用戶接口數(shù)據(jù)表示加密等特殊處理過程TelnetHTTPJPEGOperati

7、ng System/Application Access Scheduling傳輸層數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層網(wǎng)絡(luò)層物理層例子會(huì)話層表示層應(yīng)用層應(yīng)用層作用保證不同應(yīng)用間的數(shù)據(jù)區(qū)分用戶接口數(shù)據(jù)表示TelnetJPEG數(shù)據(jù)流層的作用EIA/TIA-232V.35例子物理層 設(shè)備間接收或發(fā)送比特流說明電壓、線速和線纜等數(shù)據(jù)流層的作用EIA/TIA-232V.35例子物理層 設(shè)802.3 / 802.2HDLCEIA/TIA-232V.35例子數(shù)據(jù)流層的作用數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層物理層 將比特組合成字節(jié)進(jìn)而組合成幀用MAC地址訪問介質(zhì)錯(cuò)誤發(fā)現(xiàn)但不能糾正設(shè)備間接收或發(fā)送比特流說明電壓、線速和線纜等802.3 / 802.2EIA/

8、TIA-232V.35例802.3 / 802.2HDLCEIA/TIA-232V.35IPIPX例子數(shù)據(jù)流層的作用網(wǎng)絡(luò)層 數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層物理層將比特組合成字節(jié)進(jìn)而組合成幀用MAC地址訪問介質(zhì)錯(cuò)誤發(fā)現(xiàn)但不能糾正設(shè)備間接收或發(fā)送比特流說明電壓、線速和線纜等提供路由器用來決定路徑的邏輯尋址802.3 / 802.2EIA/TIA-232V.35ITCPUDPSPX802.3 / 802.2HDLCEIA/TIA-232V.35IPIPX例子數(shù)據(jù)流層的作用傳輸層 數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層物理層 可靠或不可靠的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸數(shù)據(jù)重傳前的錯(cuò)誤糾正將比特組合成字節(jié)進(jìn)而組合成幀用MAC地址訪問介質(zhì)錯(cuò)誤發(fā)現(xiàn)但不能糾正設(shè)備間接收或發(fā)送

9、比特流說明電壓、線速和線纜等網(wǎng)絡(luò)層提供路由器用來決定路徑的邏輯尋址TCP802.3 / 802.2EIA/TIA-232V.TCPUDPSPX802.3 / 802.2HDLCEIA/TIA-232V.35IPIPX表示層應(yīng)用層會(huì)話層例子數(shù)據(jù)流層的作用可靠或不可靠的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸數(shù)據(jù)重傳前的錯(cuò)誤糾正將比特組合成字節(jié)進(jìn)而組合成幀用MAC地址訪問介質(zhì)錯(cuò)誤發(fā)現(xiàn)但不能糾正設(shè)備間接收或發(fā)送比特流說明電壓、線速和線纜等傳輸層 數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層物理層網(wǎng)絡(luò)層提供路由器用來決定路徑的邏輯尋址TCP802.3 / 802.2EIA/TIA-232V.PDUPDU（protocol data unit):每一層使用自己層的協(xié)議

10、和別的系統(tǒng)的對(duì)應(yīng)層相互通信，協(xié)議層的協(xié)議在對(duì)等層之間交換的信息叫協(xié)議數(shù)據(jù)單元。上層 : messagetransport layer : segmentNetwork layer: packetData-link layer: FramePhysical layer: bitPDUPDU（protocol data unit):每一層數(shù)據(jù)傳輸過程中的幀結(jié)構(gòu)和包結(jié)構(gòu)DataDataAAEthernet BBFrom LANFrame Relayto WANDatato LANDataDataDataDataFram relay DataEthernet Data數(shù)據(jù)傳輸過程中，幀結(jié)構(gòu)在改變，但是

11、包結(jié)構(gòu)不改變數(shù)據(jù)傳輸過程中的幀結(jié)構(gòu)和包結(jié)構(gòu)Data1.1.第二章 交換機(jī)和路由器簡(jiǎn)單配置第二章 交換機(jī)和路由器簡(jiǎn)單配置配置方式配置方式EXEC模式用戶模式對(duì)交換機(jī)和路由器的有限操作命令提示符為 主機(jī)名主要有兩個(gè)命令模式提供命令鍵入.模式一:EXEC模式用戶模式主要有兩個(gè)命令模式提供命令鍵入.模式一:EXEC模式 (續(xù))特權(quán)(或enabled)模式對(duì)交換機(jī)和路由器更深入的操作有配置和監(jiān)視權(quán)力是進(jìn)入其它配置模式的前提命令提示符為 主機(jī)名#模式二 (也是最常用的模式):EXEC模式 (續(xù))特權(quán)(或enabled)模式模式二 (也Catalyst 2950 Switch啟動(dòng)界面 - System Co

12、nfiguration Dialog - At any point you may enter a question mark ? for help.Use ctrl-c to abort configuration dialog at any prompt.Default settings are in square brackets .Continue with configuration dialog? yes/no: yesEnter IP address: ip_addressEnter IP netmask: ip_netmaskWould you like to enter a

13、default gateway address? yes: yesIP address of the default gateway: ip_addressEnter a host name: host_nameEnter enable secret: secret_passwordWould you like to configure a Telnet password? yes yesEnter Telnet password: telnet_passwordWould you like to enable as a cluster command switch? noEnter clus

14、ter name: cls_nameCatalyst 2950 Switch啟動(dòng)界面 - SLogging In to the Switch and Entering the Enable PasswordLogging In to the Switch and Configuration Modes:Global configuration mode wg_sw_a#configure terminalwg_sw_a(config)#Interface configuration modewg_sw_a(config)#interface e0/1wg_sw_a(config-if)#Con

15、figuring the SwitchConfiguration Modes:ConfigurinSets the local identity for the switchConfiguring Switch IdentificationSets the local identity for th配置交換機(jī)的管理IP地址SW2950(config)#interface vlan 1SW2950(config-if)#ip address SW2950(config-if)#no shutdown配置交換機(jī)的網(wǎng)關(guān)Switch(config)#ip default-gateway ip addr

16、ess例如:SW2950(config)#ip default-gateway 54Configuring the Switch IP Address配置交換機(jī)的管理IP地址Configuring the SwShowing Switch Initial Startup Statuswg_sw_a#show version Displays the configuration of the system hardware, software version, names and sources of configuration files, and boot images wg_sw_a#sh

17、ow running-configuration Displays the switchs current active configuration filewg_sw_a#show interfacesDisplays statistics for all interfaces configured on the switchShowing Switch Initial StartupSwitch show version Commandsw2950#show versionCisco Internetwork Operating System Software IOS (tm) C2950

18、 Software (C2950-I6Q4L2-M), Version 12.1(14)EA1a, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)Copyright (c) 1986-2003 by cisco Systems, Inc.Compiled Tue 02-Sep-03 03:33 by antoninoImage text-base: 0 x80010000, data-base: 0 x805C0000ROM: Bootstrap program is CALHOUN boot loadersw2950 uptime is 1 minuteSystem returned to R

19、OM by power-onSystem image file is flash:/c2950-i6q4l2-mz.121-14.EA1a.bincisco WS-C2950-24 (RC32300) processor with 20710K bytes of memory.Last reset from system-resetRunning Standard Image24 FastEthernet/IEEE 802.3 interface(s)32K bytes of flash-simulated non-volatile configuration memory.Base ethe

20、rnet MAC Address: 00:0F:72:DB:4E:C0Motherboard serial number: FOC0813Y1H6Configuration register is 0 xFSwitch show version Commandsw2sw2950#show interfaces fastEthernet 0/1FastEthernet0/1 is down, line protocol is down (notconnect) Hardware is Fast Ethernet, address is 000f.72db.4ec1 (bia 000f.72db.

21、4ec1) MTU 1500 bytes, BW 10000 Kbit, DLY 1000 usec, reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255 Encapsulation ARPA, loopback not set Keepalive set (10 sec) Auto-duplex, Auto-speed input flow-control is off, output flow-control is off ARP type: ARPA, ARP Timeout 04:00:00 Last input never, output

22、00:14:53, output hang never-More-Switch show interfaces Commandsw2950#show interfaces fastEth路由器的簡(jiǎn)單配置任何時(shí)侯按Ctrl+C推出對(duì)話模式路由器的簡(jiǎn)單配置任何時(shí)侯按Ctrl+C推出對(duì)話模式Router#setup - System Configuration Dialog -Continue with configuration dialog? yes/no: yesAt any point you may enter a question mark ? for help.Use ctrl-c t

23、o abort configuration dialog at any prompt.Default settings are in square brackets .Basic management setup configures only enough connectivityfor management of the system, extended setup will ask youto configure each interface on the systemWould you like to enter basic management setup? yes/no: no出廠

24、時(shí)的缺省配置Router#setup出廠時(shí)的缺省配置Setup Interface SummaryFirst, would you like to see the current interface summary? yes:InterfaceIP-AddressOK?Method Status ProtocolBRI0unassignedYES unset administratively down downBRI0:1unassignedYES unset administratively down downBRI0:2unassignedYES unset administrativel

25、y down downEthernet0unassignedYES unset administratively down downSerial0unassignedYES unset administratively down downInterfaces Found During StartupSetup Interface SummaryFirst, Setup Initial Global ParametersConfiguring global parameters: Enter host name Router:wg_ro_c The enable secret is a pass

26、word used to protect access to privileged EXEC and configuration modes. This password, after entered, becomes encrypted in the configuration. Enter enable secret: cisco The enable password is used when you do not specify an enable secret password, with some older software versions, and some boot ima

27、ges. Enter enable password: sanfran The virtual terminal password is used to protect access to the router over a network interface. Enter virtual terminal password: sanjose Configure SNMP Network Management? no:Setup Initial Global ParameteSetup Initial Protocol Configurations Configure LAT? yes: no

28、 Configure AppleTalk? no: Configure DECnet? no: Configure IP? yes: Configure IGRP routing? yes: no Configure RIP routing? no: Configure CLNS? no: Configure IPX? no: Configure Vines? no: Configure XNS? no: Configure Apollo? no:Setup Initial Protocol ConfigSetup Interface ParametersBRI interface needs

29、 isdn switch-type to be configured Valid switch types are : 0 none.Only if you dont want to configure BRI. 1 basic-1tr6.1TR6 switch type for Germany2 basic-5ess.AT&T 5ESS switch type for the US/Canada3 basic-dms100.Northern DMS-100 switch type for US/Canada 4 basic-net3.NET3 switch type for UK and E

30、urope5 basic-ni.National ISDN switch type6 basic-ts013.TS013 switch type for Australia7 ntt.NTT switch type for Japan8 vn3.VN3 and VN4 switch types for France Choose ISDN BRI Switch Type 2:Configuring interface parameters:Do you want to configure BRI0 (BRI d-channel) interface? no:Do you want to con

31、figure Ethernet0 interface? no: yes Configure IP on this interface? no: yes IP address for this interface: 3 Subnet mask for this interface : Class A network is , 24 subnet bits; mask is /24Do you want to configure Serial0 interface? no:Setup Interface ParametersBRISetup Script Review and UseThe fol

32、lowing configuration command script was created:hostname Routerenable secret 5 $1$/CCk$4r7zDwDNeqkxFO.kJxC3G0enable password sanfranline vty 0 4password sanjoseno snmp-server!no appletalk routingno decnet routingip routingno clns routingno ipx routingno vines routingno xns routingno apollo routingis

33、dn switch-type basic-5essinterface BRI0shutdownno ip address!interface Ethernet0no shutdownip address 1 no mop enabled!interface Serial0shutdownno ip addressend0 Go to the IOS command prompt without saving this config.1 Return back to the setup without saving this config.2 Save this configuration to

34、 nvram and exit.Enter your selection 2:Setup Script Review and UseThLogging In to the RouterLogging In to the RouterYou can abbreviate a command to the fewest characters that make a unique character string.Router User-Mode Command Listwg_ro_c?Exec commands: access-enable Create a temporary Access-Li

35、st entry atmsig Execute Atm Signalling Commands cd Change current device clear Reset functions connect Open a terminal connection dir List files on given device disable Turn off privileged commands disconnect Disconnect an existing network connection enable Turn on privileged commands exit Exit from

36、 the EXEC help Description of the interactive help system lat Open a lat connection lock Lock the terminal login Log in as a particular user logout Exit from the EXEC- More -You can abbreviate a command twg_ro_c#?Exec commands: access-enable Create a temporary Access-List entry access-profile Apply

37、user-profile to interface access-template Create a temporary Access-List entry bfe For manual emergency modes setting cd Change current directory clear Reset functions clock Manage the system clock configure Enter configuration mode connect Open a terminal connection copy Copy from one file to anoth

38、er debug Debugging functions (see also undebug) delete Delete a file dir List files on a filesystem disable Turn off privileged commands disconnect Disconnect an existing network connection enable Turn on privileged commands erase Erase a filesystem exit Exit from the EXEC help Description of the in

39、teractive help system- More -You can complete a command string by entering the unique character string, then pressing the Tab key.Router Privileged-Mode Command Listwg_ro_c#?You can complete a co幫助機(jī)制上下文關(guān)聯(lián)幫助錯(cuò)誤信息提示指出所輸入交換機(jī)命令的錯(cuò)誤所在，以便于修改或糾正.可以重新調(diào)出以前運(yùn)行過的命令，用來再次運(yùn)行、查看或修改. 之前命令保存區(qū)提供命令清單和與特定命令相關(guān)聯(lián)的參數(shù). 幫助機(jī)制上下文

40、關(guān)聯(lián)幫助錯(cuò)誤信息提示指出所輸入交換機(jī)命令的錯(cuò)誤路由上下文幫助Router# clokTranslating CLOK% Unknown command or computer name, or unable to find computer addressRouter# clear clockRouter# % Incomplete command.Router# set Set the time and dateRouter# % Incomplete command.Router# hh:mm:ss Current TimeRouter# clock set 19:56:00% Incom

41、plete command.Router# clock set 19:56:00 ? Day of the monthMONTH Month of the yearRouter# clock set 19:56:00 04 8 % Invalid input detected at the markerRouter# clock set 19:56:00 04 August% Incomplete command.Router# clock set 19:56:00 04 August ? YearCommand PromptingSyntax CheckingCommand Promptin

42、g路由上下文幫助Router# clokTranslatinshow version Commandwg_ro_a#show versionCisco Internetwork Operating System Software IOS (tm) 2500 Software (C2500-JS-L), Version 12.0(3), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)Copyright (c) 1986-1999 by cisco Systems, Inc.Compiled Mon 08-Feb-99 18:18 by phanguyeImage text-base: 0 x030

43、50C84, data-base: 0 x00001000ROM: System Bootstrap, Version 11.0(10c), SOFTWAREBOOTFLASH: 3000 Bootstrap Software (IGS-BOOT-R), Version 11.0(10c), RELEASE SOFTWARE(fc1)wg_ro_a uptime is 20 minutesSystem restarted by reloadSystem image file is flash:c2500-js-l_120-3.bin(output omitted)-More-Configura

44、tion register is 0 x2102show version Commandwg_ro_a#sh(一行中長(zhǎng)字串會(huì)自動(dòng)滾卷).光標(biāo)移動(dòng)到命令行的開始位置.光標(biāo)移動(dòng)到命令行的結(jié)束位置.回移一個(gè)單詞下移一個(gè)字符.回移一個(gè)字符.下移一個(gè)單詞使用增強(qiáng)的編輯命令刪除當(dāng)前字符Router$ value for customers, employees, and partners.(一行中長(zhǎng)字串會(huì)自動(dòng)滾卷). show history顯示命令保存區(qū)內(nèi)容Router terminal history size lines 設(shè)置命令緩沖區(qū)大小查看之前用過的命令Ctrl-P or Up arrow調(diào)出最

45、近(前一)使用過的Viewing the ConfigurationViewing the Configurationshow running-config and show startup-config Commandswg_ro_c#show startup-configUsing 1359 out of 32762 bytes!version 12.0!- More -wg_ro_c#show running-configBuilding configuration.Current configuration:!version 12.0!- More -In NVRAMIn RAMDis

46、plays the current and saved configurationshow running-config and show Overview of Router ModesOverview of Router Modes基本實(shí)驗(yàn)操作WisdomenableWisdom#configure terminal Wisdom(config)#no ip domain-lookup Wisdom(config)#line console 0Wisdom(config-line)#logging synchronous Wisdom(config-line)#no exec-timeou

47、t Wisdom(config-line)#password ciscoWisdom(config-line)#loginWisdom(config-line)#exitWisdom(config)#line vty 0 4Wisdom(config-line)#logging synchronous Wisdom(config-line)#no exec-timeout Wisdom(config-line)#password ciscoWisdom(config-line)#loginWisdom(config-line)#endWisdom#configure terminalWisdo

48、m(config)#enable secret ciscoWisdom(config)#endWisdom#service password-encryption /手工加密,不再顯示明文密碼基本實(shí)驗(yàn)操作Wisdomenable保存配置wg_ro_c#wg_ro_c#copy running-config startup-configDestination filename startup-config?Building configurationwg_ro_c#Copies the current configuration to NVRAM保存命令Copy running-config s

49、tartup-config=write保存配置wg_ro_c#Copies the currentSets the local identity or message for the accessed router or interface配置路由器主機(jī)名等參數(shù)Sets the local identity or mes配置路由器的密碼配置路由器的密碼兩條常用的命令Router(config)#line console 0Router(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0 Router(config)#line console 0Router(config-line)#l

50、ogging synchronous阻止會(huì)話退出使光標(biāo)還原到原來的位置，重新顯示被覆蓋的命里兩條常用的命令Router(config)#line conUnique addressing allows communication between end stations.Path choice is based on destination address.Location is represented by an addressIP地址規(guī)劃Unique addressing allows commu主機(jī)通信對(duì)IP地址的要求1、網(wǎng)絡(luò)中IP地址必須唯一2、在一個(gè)交換網(wǎng)絡(luò)中主機(jī)必須有相同的網(wǎng)絡(luò)號(hào)才

51、能通信3、在不同的交換網(wǎng)絡(luò)中（用路由器分開的網(wǎng)絡(luò)），主機(jī)不能有相同的網(wǎng)絡(luò)號(hào)主機(jī)通信對(duì)IP地址的要求1、網(wǎng)絡(luò)中IP地址必須唯一IP尋址IP尋址IP 地址分類IP 地址分類不帶子網(wǎng)的IP尋址不帶子網(wǎng)的IP尋址帶子網(wǎng)的IP尋址(這里的子網(wǎng)掩碼為24位)帶子網(wǎng)的IP尋址(這里的子網(wǎng)掩碼為24位)子網(wǎng)地址子網(wǎng)地址子網(wǎng)掩碼子網(wǎng)掩碼二進(jìn)制子網(wǎng)掩碼子網(wǎng)掩碼只能有這9個(gè)數(shù)字二進(jìn)制子網(wǎng)掩碼子網(wǎng)掩碼只能有這9個(gè)數(shù)字Subnets not in usethe default沒有子網(wǎng)的子網(wǎng)掩碼缺省子網(wǎng)掩碼Subnets not in usethe defaultNetwork number extended by ei

52、ght bits有子網(wǎng)的子網(wǎng)掩碼Network number extended by eig有子網(wǎng)的子網(wǎng)掩碼 (續(xù))Network number extended by ten bits有子網(wǎng)的子網(wǎng)掩碼 (續(xù))Network number ext劃分子網(wǎng)的幾個(gè)捷徑:1.你所選擇的子網(wǎng)掩碼將會(huì)產(chǎn)生多少個(gè)子網(wǎng)?:2的x次方-2(x代表掩碼位,即2進(jìn)制為1的部分)2.每個(gè)子網(wǎng)能有多少主機(jī)?: 2的y次方-2(y代表主機(jī)位,即2進(jìn)制為0的部分)3.有效子網(wǎng)是?:有效子網(wǎng)號(hào)=256-10進(jìn)制的子網(wǎng)掩碼4.每個(gè)子網(wǎng)的廣播地址是?:廣播地址=下個(gè)子網(wǎng)號(hào)-15.每個(gè)子網(wǎng)的有效主機(jī)分別是?:忽略子網(wǎng)內(nèi)全為0和全

53、為1的地址剩下的就是有效主機(jī)地址.最后有效1個(gè)主機(jī)地址=下個(gè)子網(wǎng)號(hào)-2(即廣播地址-1)劃分子網(wǎng)的幾個(gè)捷徑:1.你所選擇的子網(wǎng)掩碼將會(huì)產(chǎn)生多少個(gè)子網(wǎng)子網(wǎng)劃分Other subnets24申請(qǐng)到一段C類地址，將這段地址分配給網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的主機(jī)，要求有5個(gè)子網(wǎng)，每個(gè)子網(wǎng)最少有20臺(tái)主機(jī)，地址分配的步驟：1、確定網(wǎng)絡(luò)的主機(jī)位n，利用32-n算出網(wǎng)絡(luò)位，然后算出子網(wǎng)掩碼2、根據(jù)子網(wǎng)掩碼，確定每段IP地址的范圍子網(wǎng)劃分Other 220.160.1配置路由器IP地址wg_ro_c#configure terminalwg_ro_c(config)#interface ethernet 0wg_ro_c(con

54、fig-if)#ip address wg_ro_c(config-if)#no shutdownwg_ro_c(config-if)#exit配置路由器IP地址wg_ro_c#configure tershow interfacesRouter#show interfacesEthernet0 is up, line protocol is up Hardware is Lance, address is 00e0.1e5d.ae2f (bia 00e0.1e5d.ae2f) Internet address is 1/24 MTU 1500 bytes, BW 10000 Kbit, DL

55、Y 1000 usec, rely 255/255, load 1/255 Encapsulation ARPA, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec) ARP type: ARPA, ARP Timeout 04:00:00 Last input 00:00:07, output 00:00:08, output hang never Last clearing of show interface counters never Queueing strategy: fifo Output queue 0/40, 0 drops; input que

56、ue 0/75, 0 drops 5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 81833 packets input, 27556491 bytes, 0 no buffer Received 42308 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles 1 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 1 ignored, 0 abort 0 input packets with

57、dribble condition detected 55794 packets output, 3929696 bytes, 0 underruns 0 output errors, 0 collisions, 1 interface resets 0 babbles, 0 late collision, 4 deferred 0 lost carrier, 0 no carrier 0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped outshow interfacesRouter#show int接口的幾種狀態(tài)診斷的步驟接口的幾種狀態(tài)診斷

58、的步驟檢查串口Router#show interface serial 0Serial0 is up, line protocol is up Hardware is HD64570 Internet address is /24 MTU 1500 bytes, BW 64 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec, rely 255/255, load 1/255 Encapsulation HDLC, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec) Last input 00:00:09, output 00:00:04, output hang neve

59、r Last clearing of show interface counters never Input queue: 0/75/0 (size/max/drops); Total output drops: 0 Queueing strategy: weighted fair Output queue: 0/1000/64/0 (size/max total/threshold/drops) Conversations 0/1/256 (active/max active/max total) Reserved Conversations 0/0 (allocated/max alloc

60、ated) 5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec(output omitted) BW 64 Kbit,檢查串口Router#show interface seri檢查串行線是否連接好Router#show controller serial 0HD unit 0, idb = 0 x121C04, driver structure at 0 x127078buffer size 1524 HD unit 0, V.35 DTE cable.Sho