病因醫(yī)療專業(yè)培訓(xùn)課件

1、概 說 outline1. 病因?qū)W說的概念 ：concept 研究各種致病因素的概念、形成、性質(zhì)、致病特點(diǎn)及所致病證臨床表現(xiàn)的理論 theoretical research on the concept, production, nature, and characteristic of causing disease as well as its clinical manifestation2. 病因的概念：concept of causative factors 凡能導(dǎo)致疾病發(fā)生的原因，又稱致病因素 all factors which can bring about the occurre

2、nce of diseases如：六淫、癘氣、七情、飲食、勞逸、外傷、蟲獸等 six exogenous evils, pestilence, seven emotions, food intake, over work and over-rest, traumatic injury, and injuries caused by insects and animals 痰飲、瘀血、結(jié)石 phlegm retention, blood stagnation, and calculus 1病因醫(yī)療專業(yè)資料10/7/2022概 說 outline1. 病因?qū)W說的概念 ：c中醫(yī)臨床探求病因的方法me

3、thods to seek causative factors in TCM直接詢問發(fā)病原因 direct inquiring about the factors 辨證求因(審證求因)：以疾病的臨床表現(xiàn)為依據(jù)，通過對疾病癥狀和體征的綜合分析來推求致病因素。Differentiation according to different syndromes and symptoms 2病因醫(yī)療專業(yè)資料10/7/2022中醫(yī)臨床探求病因的方法methods to seek cau第一節(jié) 外感病因 exogenous factors 六淫，即風(fēng)、寒、暑、濕、燥、火(熱)六種外感病邪的統(tǒng)稱。又稱為“六邪”

4、。淫，有太過和浸淫之意wind, cold, summer-heat, damp(phlegm), dryness, fire(heat), 淫means over or infiltration 一、六淫 concept and common characters正常情況下稱為“六氣” six seasonal qi in normal condition 萬物生長化收藏 cycle of everything in nature as spring wind, summer heat人類賴以生存的必要條件 basic condition for human life異常情況下稱為“六淫”

5、six exogenous factors in abnormal conditions超過人體的適應(yīng)能力 surpass adaptation of humans vital qi正氣不支，抵抗力下降 weak of vital qi failing in protection3病因醫(yī)療專業(yè)資料10/7/2022第一節(jié) 外感病因 exogenous factorThe changes of weathers are relative:1. 與該地區(qū)常年同期氣候變化相比，或太過，或不及，或非其時(shí)而有其氣，或氣候變化過于劇烈急驟，此時(shí)六氣則變?yōu)榱秩税l(fā)病 too much, not enou

6、gh, abnormal seasonal climate, severe changes of climate in different regions2. 氣候變化作為致病條件，與人體正氣的強(qiáng)弱及調(diào)節(jié)適應(yīng)能力相對而言，若氣候劇變，正氣充盛者則可自我調(diào)節(jié)而不病，正氣虛弱之人則可發(fā)?。粴夂蛘?，個(gè)體正氣不足，仍可發(fā)病，這時(shí)對于病人而言，六氣即成為致病邪氣，所致病證也屬六淫致病范疇comparison between vital qi and seasonal change. Vital energy seasonal changes 4病因醫(yī)療專業(yè)資料10/7/2022The changes

7、of weathers are re六淫的共同特點(diǎn) common characters of 6 factors1.exougenous：avenue外感病exogenous disease2.seasonal：春springwind，summersummer-heat，長夏late summer濕damp，秋autumn燥dryness，冬winter寒cold氣候變化相對性夏季見寒，冬季見熱 cold in summer, heat in winter due to the relativity of climateWind, cold, dampyinskin Wind, heat, d

8、ryyangnose or mouth5 pieces in all:5病因醫(yī)療專業(yè)資料10/7/2022六淫的共同特點(diǎn) common characters of binig：風(fēng)寒感冒，風(fēng)熱感冒，暑濕感冒，濕熱泄瀉，風(fēng)寒濕痹common cold due to wind cold, wind heat, summer-heat and damp, diarrhea due to damp heat, Bi syndrome due to wind, cold and damp5. transformation： 六淫致病在一定的條件下，其證候的病理性質(zhì)可發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)化under certain co

9、nditions, the pathology of 6 exogenous factors can be transformed into another one 風(fēng)寒表證里熱證 superficial cold syndromeinternal heat syndrome3.regional：西北north west燥dryness，東北north east寒cold，江南south濕熱damp heat，久居潮濕 liviing in damp region濕dampness，高溫作業(yè)working in high temperature燥熱fire 、火熱heat living in

10、different area will produce different types of diseases according to local conditions6病因醫(yī)療專業(yè)資料10/7/binig：風(fēng)寒感冒，風(fēng)熱感冒，暑濕感冒，濕熱泄瀉(1)輕揚(yáng)開泄 ascending and opening(2)善行數(shù)變 tends to mobile and change(3)動(dòng)搖不定 characterized as movement(4)多兼他邪 wind is the leading cause of all other factors（一）風(fēng)邪 wind factors春季主氣，四季長

11、在 main qi in spring, exist in four seasons風(fēng)襲肌表外風(fēng)病證 external wind syndrome1. 風(fēng)邪的性質(zhì) nature of wind factor7病因醫(yī)療專業(yè)資料10/7/2022(1)輕揚(yáng)開泄 ascending and opening（(1)易于侵襲陽位 attacking yang positionYang positionhead and faceheadache, facial paralysis（頭、面）、skinsweating, aversion to wind(2)病位游走不定 tends to mobile an

12、d changeTend to move migration, unstable, movingreuhmatic diseases changesfast onset and easy to change蕁麻疹，外感病 urticarial, exogenous diseases2. 風(fēng)邪的致病特點(diǎn) characters of wind factor 8病因醫(yī)療專業(yè)資料10/7/2022(1)易于侵襲陽位 attacking yang posi(3)肢體異常運(yùn)動(dòng) tends to movementmovement動(dòng)搖不定面肌抽動(dòng)、眩暈、震顫 tremor of muscles, dizzin

13、ess, convulsion(4)外邪致病的先導(dǎo) wind is the leading cause of all diseases引邪而入風(fēng)寒、風(fēng)熱、風(fēng)濕、風(fēng)燥 tourist guidewind cold, wind heat, wind damp, wind dry風(fēng)病最多四季機(jī)會(huì)多，表里內(nèi)外皆可及 more wind diseases in different seasons and different places9病因醫(yī)療專業(yè)資料10/7/2022(3)肢體異常運(yùn)動(dòng) tends to movementmov（二）寒邪 cold factor冬季主氣，它季可見 main qi in

14、 winter, appear in four seasons寒邪襲人外寒證 external cold syndrome due to cold in the superficial寒邪直中，傷及臟腑陽氣中寒 internal cold syndrome due to cold attacking inside(1) 寒冷 yin evil tends to impair yang qi(2) 凝滯 cold tends to coagulate(3) 收引 cold tends to contract1. 寒邪的性質(zhì) nature of cold10病因醫(yī)療專業(yè)資料10/7/2022（二）

15、寒邪 cold factor冬季主氣，它季可見 m(1) 易傷陽氣，表現(xiàn)寒象 yin evil tends to impair yang qi陰邪陰氣盛 predominance of yin imparing yang 傷陽陽本制陰祛寒，寒盛陽被其傷 basically, yang is balanced with yin, if too much yin attacks, yang will be impaired by yin coldCold imparing yangRestricting defensive yangexcess cold syndromeaversion to c

16、old、fever、no sweating、stuff noseImparing internal yangdeficient coldabdominal cold pain、vomiting、diarrhea, cold feeling in 4 limbs, and lie with knees drawn up2. 寒邪的致病特點(diǎn) characters of cold factor11病因醫(yī)療專業(yè)資料10/7/2022(1) 易傷陽氣，表現(xiàn)寒象 yin evil tends (2) 阻滯氣血，多見疼痛 blocking qi and blood寒傷陽氣、失于溫煦、氣血凝澀、不通則痛 ya

17、ng fails to warm, stagnationsevere pain凝coagulate氣血津液凝結(jié)blocking qi, blood, body fluid滯stagnation經(jīng)脈運(yùn)行阻滯blocking the smooth of meridianCharacters of pain1. 多為局部冷痛 local cold pain2. 得溫則減，遇寒加劇 relieved by warming, aggravated by more cold3. 寒客肌表經(jīng)絡(luò)頭身肢體關(guān)節(jié)疼痛 pain around surface of the body4. 痹證關(guān)節(jié)冷痛寒痹、痛痹 bi

18、syndromecold Bi, and pain Bi5. 寒邪直中胃腸脘腹劇痛 severe abdominal pain due to cold attacking st. and intestine 6. 寒客肝脈少腹或陰部冷痛 cold pain in lower abdomen and pudenda12病因醫(yī)療專業(yè)資料10/7/2022(2) 阻滯氣血，多見疼痛 blocking qi and (3) 腠理、經(jīng)脈、筋脈收縮拘急 cold tends to contract收縮牽引 contraction氣機(jī)收斂 astringency of qi movement腠理、經(jīng)絡(luò)、筋脈

19、收縮而攣急 contraction and spasm of skin, meridians, and musclesmanifestation寒邪襲表skin closeddefensive yang is restrictedsuperficial cold syndromeaversion to cold, fever, no sweating寒客血脈cold in vessels頭身痛，脈緊cold retentionspasm of vessels, headache, tense pulse寒客經(jīng)絡(luò)關(guān)節(jié)經(jīng)脈收縮拘急攣急作痛 cold in meridians and jointss

20、pasm of meridians, pain along meridianscontraction13病因醫(yī)療專業(yè)資料10/7/2022(3) 腠理、經(jīng)脈、筋脈收縮拘急 cold tends t（三）暑邪 summer heart factor(1)暑性炎熱 yang evil is extreme hot (2)暑性升散 tends to ascend and disperse (3)暑多挾濕 summer-heat is often complicated by dampness 夏至立秋之間、具有炎熱升散兼濕特性的外邪 characteristic in late summer, wi

21、th hot flaming up and damp together先夏至日者為病溫，后夏至日者為病暑 febrile disease before summer solstice, summer-heat after summer solstice1.暑邪的性質(zhì) nature of summer heat14病因醫(yī)療專業(yè)資料10/7/2022（三）暑邪 summer heart factor(1)暑性(1) 表現(xiàn)陽熱之象 yang evil is extreme hot陽邪火熱所化屬陽changed from fire and heat pertains to yang 陽熱癥狀heat

22、excess symptomshigh fever, red face, full pulse , profuse sweating and severe thirsty(2) 上犯頭目，擾及心神 tends to ascend and disturb mind 侵犯頭目胸悶、頭昏、目眩influencing upperchest, head and eyeschest oppression, dizziness, vertigo擾神心煩悶亂而不寧 stirring heart mind makes irritability2. Characters of summer heatHeat is

23、 easy to attack heart mind15病因醫(yī)療專業(yè)資料10/7/2022(1) 表現(xiàn)陽熱之象 yang evil is extr(4) 暑多挾濕 summer-heat is often complicated by dampness挾濕熱蒸濕動(dòng)，水氣彌漫 heat steams damp leading to vapor diffusion 身熱不揚(yáng)、四肢困倦、胸悶、嘔惡、便溏 recessive fever, lassitude of four limbs, chest oppression, nausea and vomiting, loose stool 重證突然昏倒

24、、不省人事氣津兩傷、清竅失養(yǎng) severe conditionsudden fall down with unconsciousness due to the impairment of qi and body fluid failing to nourish the clear orifice 傷津liquidthirsty and desire to drink yellow and scanty urine傷氣qishort of breath and lassitudeMore sweating consumes both body fluid and qi（3）易于傷津耗氣 tend

25、s to consume qi and body fluid散腠理開泄而多汗 make interstitial space open and loose, with the consequence of over sweating16病因醫(yī)療專業(yè)資料10/7/2022(4) 暑多挾濕 summer-heat is ofte （四）濕邪 damp factor夏秋之交長夏具有重濁、黏滯、趨下特性的外邪characteristic in heavy-turbid, sticky-stagnant, tends to move downward長夏主氣，它季可見 main qi in late-s

26、ummer, appear in four seasons1.濕邪的性質(zhì) nature of damp factor(1) 濕性重濁 dampness is heavy and turbid(2) 濕性黏滯 dampness is sticky and stagnant(3) 濕性趨下tends to move downward to attack pudenda 2. Characters of damp factor17病因醫(yī)療專業(yè)資料10/7/2022 （四）濕邪 damp factor夏秋之交長夏具有重濁(1) 易于損傷陽氣，tends to impair yang qi陰邪與水同類

27、heavy and turbid constitution, same as water傷陽陰邪與陽氣抗?fàn)?yin evil fighting with yang qi氣機(jī)脾運(yùn)水液，喜燥惡濕濕困脾土 damp embarrasses spleen qiBlock qi movementUp-jiao氣機(jī)不暢胸膈滿悶 fullness in chest and diaphragmMiddle-jiao脾胃升降失司abdominal fullness, poor appetiteLower-jiao腎與膀胱氣機(jī)不利fullness in lower abdomen，dysuria 脾陽不振impa

28、ring spleen yangdiarrhea, edema, little urine（2）易于阻遏氣機(jī) tends to block qi movement(3) 易于侵襲陰位 tends to move downward to attack pudenda趨下重著有質(zhì)之邪，水類趨下，下部屬陰 heavy tends downward水腫、濕疹下部多見 edema and eczema often appear lower part濕邪下注turbid urine、diarrhea、dysentery、leukorrhea18病因醫(yī)療專業(yè)資料10/7/2022(1) 易于損傷陽氣，ten

29、ds to impair yan（4）病程纏綿難愈 lingering period of diseasessticky濕阻氣機(jī)氣不行則濕不化 damp blocking qi moving起病緩，病程長，反復(fù)發(fā)作 long course of disease, repeated濕溫、濕疹、濕痹 damp-heat, eczema, damp Bi syndrome（5）多見頭身肢體困重 heavy and sour feeling in head and limbs重沉重、重著濕為病沉重感 heavy and sinking sensation頭身困重，四肢酸楚沉重 heavy and so

30、ur feeling in head and limbs清陽不升因于濕，首如裹wrapping feeling on head due to damp 阻滯經(jīng)絡(luò)關(guān)節(jié)，陽氣不布肌膚不仁，關(guān)節(jié)疼痛重著 blocking meridians numbness on skin , heavy and pain around joints heavy19病因醫(yī)療專業(yè)資料10/7/2022（4）病程纏綿難愈 lingering period of dirty穢濁在上面垢、眵多 upperdirty face and eye gum 濕滯大腸便溏、下利膿血 in L.I. loose stool, dyse

31、ntery 濕濁下注小便渾濁、白帶多 lowerdirty urine, leukorrhea 濕淫肌膚濕疹 eczema sticky痢疾排泄不爽dysentery not smooth excretion 淋證小便滯澀不暢 stranguria difficulty in urination脾濕口黏、口甘、舌苔厚膩in spleensticky mouth, sweet taste in mouth, thick greasy coating of tongue（6）排泄物和分泌物discharge and excretiondirty and turbid20病因醫(yī)療專業(yè)資料10/7/2

32、022dirty穢濁在上面垢、眵多 upperdirty fa（五）燥邪 dry factor具有干燥、收斂特性的外邪characteristic in dryness, and astringency秋季主氣，氣候干燥，失于水分 main qi in autumn, the climate is dry, 燥邪傷人口鼻而入首犯肺衛(wèi)外燥證 external dry syndrome is caused by defensive qi attacked by dry factor初秋燥合夏末之余熱溫燥 early autumnwarm dryness深秋燥合初冬之早寒涼燥 late autumn

33、cool dryness1.燥邪的性質(zhì)干燥和澀滯 dryness and astringency21病因醫(yī)療專業(yè)資料10/7/2022（五）燥邪 dry factor具有干燥、收斂特性的外邪ch2. 燥邪的致病特點(diǎn) characters of dry factor(1) 易于耗傷津液tends to impair body fluid燥勝則干exotic, consuming body fluid口鼻干燥、咽干、口渴、皮膚干澀、毛發(fā)不榮、小便短少、大便干結(jié)dry skin, dry mouth, dry throat, dry eyes, thirsty, scanty urine and c

34、onstipation(2) 易于傷肺 dryness tends to impair lung傷肺肺為嬌臟，喜潤惡燥lungs is delicate organ, tends to moisten but not dryness 燥入口鼻灼傷肺津影響宣降 dryness injures body fluid of lung through nose and mouth influencing opening and descending 干咳少痰、痰黏難咯、痰中帶血 dry cough without sputum, or sticky sputum, blood sputum肺與大腸相表

35、里肺津耗傷，大腸失潤便干 constipation due to lung and L.I. are interior and exterior related organs22病因醫(yī)療專業(yè)資料10/7/20222. 燥邪的致病特點(diǎn) characters of dry f（六）熱（火）邪 heat (fire) factor(1) 燔灼 scorching and burning(2) 炎上 fire tends to stir upward(3) 急迫 acute onset具有炎熱升騰特性的外邪characteristic in hot and flaming up旺于夏季，四季均見 ma

36、in qi in summer, and appear in 4 seasons1.火熱之邪的性質(zhì) nature of heat factor熱屬外感heat from outside風(fēng)熱wind heat，火自內(nèi)生fire from inside心火 heart fire or liver fire23病因醫(yī)療專業(yè)資料10/7/2022（六）熱（火）邪 heat (fire) factor(1) similarity陽盛、六淫邪氣、致病相同 yang excess, one of six evils, causing similar diseasesdifferences 熱邪 heat 火

37、邪 fire 全身彌漫性發(fā)熱diffuse fever of body局部癥狀紅、腫、熱、痛、口瘡、目赤l(xiāng)ocal fire concentrate, red, swollen, heat, pain 在天為熱 heat is in the sky 在地為火 fire is in the earth 熱屬陽 heat pertains to yang 火屬陰 fire pertains to yin 熱性彌散 heat tends to diffuse 火性結(jié)聚 fire tends to concentrate熱與火之比較 comparison between the heat and fi

38、re24病因醫(yī)療專業(yè)資料10/7/2022 similarity陽盛、六淫邪氣、致病相同(1) 表現(xiàn)陽熱之象 hot evil tends to ascending陽盛則熱高熱、惡熱、煩渴、汗出、脈洪數(shù) excessive heat syndromehigh fever, aversion to heat, severe thirsty, profuse sweating(2) 易于傷津耗氣 tends to impair body fluid and consume qi迫津外泄heat steaming body fluid out of skin津虧氣耗 consume both bod

39、y fluid and qi 煎熬津液heat burning body fluid inside the body熱盛傷陰 predominance of heat consumes yin in the end輕證light case口渴喜冷飲、咽干口燥、小便短赤，便秘 thirsty, dry mouth and throat, scanty urine and constipation中證less severe case體倦乏力、少氣懶言氣虛 fatigue, short of breathqi deficiency2. 熱（火）邪的致病特點(diǎn) characters of heat陽邪燔

40、灼升騰 yang factorscorching, burning, and flaming upConsuming body fluid and qi重證severe case全身津氣脫失氣脫證 qi collapse syndrome25病因醫(yī)療專業(yè)資料10/7/2022(1) 表現(xiàn)陽熱之象 hot evil tends to（3）主要侵犯人體上部 tends to attack upper part陽邪燔灼升騰 yang factor scorching, burning, and flaming up趨上侵害上部目赤腫痛、咽喉腫痛、口舌生瘡、牙齦腫痛 upper parts injur

41、edred eyes, sore throat, tongue and mouth ulcer, swollen gum(4) 易致生風(fēng)動(dòng)血 tends to produce wind and disturb blood生風(fēng)producing wind火熱燔灼肝經(jīng)，耗傷津液tendon is injured due to heat熱極生風(fēng) liver wind高熱、神昏、四肢抽搐、兩目上視、角弓反張 high fever, unconsciousness, convulsion, staring eyes, opisthotonus 動(dòng)血disturb blood迫血妄行heat makes

42、blood irregular movementcompel blood to flow out of vessels吐血、衄血、便血、尿血、發(fā)斑、月經(jīng)過多 hematemesis, nose bleeding, blood stool, blood urine, mense bleeding 26病因醫(yī)療專業(yè)資料10/7/2022（3）主要侵犯人體上部 tends to attack up(5) 易擾心神 fire tends to stir heart mind擾心神火熱與心火相同易入營血影響心神 influence heart mind輕證light case心神不寧、心煩、失眠 dis

43、phoria, irritability, insomnia重證severe case擾亂心神，狂躁不安、神昏、譫語 mania, delirium, unconscious (5) 易致陽性瘡癰 tends to cause carbuncle and furuncle瘡癰火入血分，腐蝕血肉癰腫瘡瘍 putrefy blood and muscles局部紅腫熱痛 local red, swelling, heat and pain27病因醫(yī)療專業(yè)資料10/7/2022(5) 易擾心神 fire tends to stir 二、 疫氣 pestilence疫氣的基本概念 concept癘氣具有

44、強(qiáng)烈致病性和傳染性的外感病邪 pestilential evils are the most serious exogenous causative and contagious pathogenic factors 別名瘟疫，疫毒，異氣，疫氣，戾氣，毒氣，乖戾之氣 nick nameplague, pestilential poison, strange agents, poisonous agents, perverse agents 著作吳又可瘟疫論“天地間別有一種異氣所感” Treatise on Pestilence by Wu You-ke initiated that there

45、 is a strange agent causing disease between heaven and earth途徑空氣、口鼻、食物、蟲獸、皮膚 avenuesair, mouth and nose, food, worm and animal, skin疾病痄腮、猩紅熱、疫毒痢、白喉、天花、腸傷寒、霍亂、鼠疫、疫黃、流行性出血熱、愛滋病 mumps, scarlet fever, infectious dysentery, diphtheria, smallpox, typhoid, cholera, plague, infectious hepatitis, epidemic he

46、morrhagic fever, Aids, Sars 28病因醫(yī)療專業(yè)資料10/7/2022二、 疫氣 pestilence疫氣的基本概念 co（一）疫氣的性質(zhì)和致病特點(diǎn) characters1. 傳染性強(qiáng)，易于流行strong infection and easiness to spread 通過空氣和食物傳播 spread through air and food 流行區(qū)域無問大小，皆相染易 people will be easily infected no matter the ages or health in the local epidemic area 2. 特異性強(qiáng)，癥狀相似

47、 one pestilence will cause one disease with similar symptoms and signs癘氣對臟腑器官具有特異性和選擇性各自的臨床特點(diǎn)和傳變規(guī)律痄腮（耳下腮部腫脹）pestilence has the particularity and selection to organs and tissues with the clinical characters and transmission rules respectively such as mumps and dysentery etc. 3. 發(fā)病急驟，病情危篤 acute onset

48、with severe condition急驟熱毒之邪，挾毒霧、瘴氣，比六淫急驟而兇猛 heat evil with poisonous fog and miasma, more acute and fierce than six exogenous evils 發(fā)熱、擾神、動(dòng)血、生風(fēng)、劇烈吐泄 fever, disturb mind, disturb blood, produce wind, severe vomiting and diarrhea29病因醫(yī)療專業(yè)資料10/7/2022（一）疫氣的性質(zhì)和致病特點(diǎn) characters29病因醫(yī)療（二）疫氣發(fā)生和疫病流行的原因 factors

49、to influence the occurrence of pestilence1. 氣候反常：自然氣候的反常變化，如久旱、酷熱，洪澇、濕霧瘴氣、地震等 abnormal change of climatedrought, extremely hot weather, flooding, damp, and fog miasma, earthquake 2. 環(huán)境污染和飲食不潔：環(huán)境衛(wèi)生不良，如水源、空氣污染、食物污染等 polluted environment(air, food) water contamination 3. 預(yù)防隔離工作不嚴(yán)格：若預(yù)防隔離工作不力，也往往會(huì)使疫病發(fā)生或流

50、行 delayed prevention and isolation will lead the onset or spread of pestilence4. 社會(huì)因素：若戰(zhàn)亂不停，社會(huì)動(dòng)蕩，工作環(huán)境惡劣，生活極度貧困，則疫病不斷發(fā)生和流行 certain social factors such as unceasing war, social turbulence, bad working condition, extremely poverty will also lead the onset or spread of pestilence30病因醫(yī)療專業(yè)資料10/7/2022（二）疫氣

51、發(fā)生和疫病流行的原因 factors to in 第二節(jié) 內(nèi)傷病因 internal impairment（一）七情內(nèi)傷的概念及其形成因素 concept喜joy、怒anger、憂worried、思thinking、悲sad、恐panic、 驚surprised生理和心理活動(dòng)對外界環(huán)境刺激的不同反應(yīng)different reaction of physiological and psychological activities to the stimulations of external environment 一般情況下不會(huì)導(dǎo)致或誘發(fā)疾病 normally the seven emotion

52、s will not cause or induce diseases七情內(nèi)傷impairment of seven emotions1.刺激量過大 excessive stimulates2.刺激時(shí)間過長 long duration of stimulation3.超過人體生理、心理承受量 beyond the range of physiological and psychological activities 一. 七情內(nèi)傷 internal impairment due to seven emotions31病因醫(yī)療專業(yè)資料10/7/2022 第二節(jié) 內(nèi)傷病因 internal imp

53、七情內(nèi)傷的形成因素:the factors for emotions1. 社會(huì)因素政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化 different political、economic and cultural conditions2. 疾病因素 factors of different diseasesa. 臟腑失調(diào)，氣血津液不足disorder of zang-fu organs and irregulation basic materials影響情志 influencing emotionsb. 不良情志刺激abnormal emotional stimulations影響正常生理活動(dòng)influencing nor

54、mal physiological activities3. 體質(zhì)因素 factors of constitutions體質(zhì)涉及先天、后天、年齡、正氣均可影響情志 constitutions are related with congenital, postnatal, ages and the level of vital qi32病因醫(yī)療專業(yè)資料10/7/2022七情內(nèi)傷的形成因素:the factors for emot二.七情與內(nèi)臟精氣的關(guān)系 relation between essence qi and emotions1.臟腑精氣是情志活動(dòng)的生理學(xué)基礎(chǔ) essence is the

55、 root to produce emotions“人有五臟化五氣，以生喜怒悲憂恐” five qi produce five emotions五臟藏精，精化為氣，氣的運(yùn)動(dòng)應(yīng)答外界環(huán)境而產(chǎn)生情志活動(dòng) the movement of qi response to the external environment called emotional activities physiology肝在志為怒，心在志為喜 liver emotion is angry, heart is joypathology肝氣虛則恐，實(shí)則怒，心氣虛則悲，實(shí)則笑不休 deficiency of liver qi caus

56、es fear, while excess brings on rage, deficiency of heart qi leads to grief, while excess brings on over joy 反過來：環(huán)境劇烈變化severe change of environment情志過激 excessive stimulate of emotion持續(xù)時(shí)間過長 excessive duration大喜大驚傷心overjoyed and surprised impair heart大怒郁怒傷肝 rage and depression impair liver 過度思慮傷脾 cont

57、emplation impairs spleen過度恐懼傷腎 fear impairs kid.33病因醫(yī)療專業(yè)資料10/7/2022二.七情與內(nèi)臟精氣的關(guān)系 relation between 2.心神主控情志 Heart mind control and regulate emotions 心藏神而為五臟六腑之大主，主宰和調(diào)控機(jī)體的生理機(jī)能和心理活動(dòng) heart mind is the governor of Zang-fu organs, controls and regulates the physiological function and psychological activiti

58、es of human body 情志活動(dòng)是心神統(tǒng)帥、調(diào)控臟腑功能的結(jié)果 emotional activities are the results of heart mind controlling and regulating the function of organs 3.肝調(diào)節(jié)情志 liver regulating emotions 肝主疏泄，調(diào)暢氣機(jī)，促進(jìn)氣血運(yùn)行 liver disperses qi to promote blood circulation which is considered as the root of emotions 34病因醫(yī)療專業(yè)資料10/7/2022

59、2.心神主控情志 Heart mind control （二）七情內(nèi)傷的致病特點(diǎn) Characters of emotional factors1. 直接傷及內(nèi)臟 impairing internal organs directly七情損傷相應(yīng)之臟emotional attacks impair related organs過喜或過驚則傷心；過怒則傷肝；過度思慮則傷脾；過悲則傷肺；過恐則傷腎 over joy to heart, rage to liver, contemplation to spleen, grief to lung, fear to kidney 35病因醫(yī)療專業(yè)資料10/

60、7/2022（二）七情內(nèi)傷的致病特點(diǎn) Characters of emo 數(shù)情交織，多傷心肝脾 Mingled emotions tend to damage heart, sp. liver憂思，郁怒，驚喜，恐懼 sorrow and contemplation, depression and rage, fright and over joy, fear and frighten a.過于驚喜傷心（可及腎） 心神不寧、心悸、失眠、健忘、精神失常 unsteadiness of heart mind, palpitation, insomnia, amnesia, amentiab.郁怒不解