中考專題：動(dòng)名詞

1、中考專題：動(dòng)名詞一定義動(dòng)名詞，就是動(dòng)詞后加ing的形式，即doingsth.它的作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞，所以叫做動(dòng)名詞”。動(dòng)名詞的否定形式在動(dòng)名詞前加not。二.動(dòng)名詞ing形式的變化規(guī)則。.一般在詞尾直接加ing。.以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，去掉e再加ing。.以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音的動(dòng)詞，要雙寫最后一個(gè)字母后加ing。.少數(shù)以ie結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，變ie為y,再加ing。三作用一）作主語.動(dòng)名詞用作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。.ReadingFrenchiseasierthanspeakingit.閱讀法文比講法語容易。Talkingtohimistalkingtoawall.和他說話等于對(duì)牛彈

2、琴。Smokingcancausecancer.吸煙會(huì)致癌。Growingrosesisherhobby.種玫瑰是她的愛好。.有時(shí)it作形式主語，把動(dòng)名詞主語放在句子后面。Itsniceseeingyouagain.再次見到你太好了。Itwastiringdrivingfrommorningtillnight.從早至 U晚開車很累人。Itsawondermeetingyouhere. 在這里碰到你真是奇跡。Itwasawasteoftimereadingthatbook. 看那本書是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。.動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作主語當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞有自己的邏輯主語時(shí)，?？梢栽谇懊婕由弦粋€(gè)名詞或代詞的所有格，構(gòu)成動(dòng)名詞

3、的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)（這時(shí)，名詞或代詞的所有格做動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語）。動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)也可以在句中作主語。注意比較下面兩個(gè)句子的區(qū)別與聯(lián)系：Idont mindsmokinghere.Idontmindhissmokinghere.注意：在口語中，如果動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語，其中的物主代詞常用人稱代詞賓格，名詞所有格常用名詞普通格 來代替，但在句首做主語時(shí)不能這樣來代替?！纠}】翻譯句子（需包含動(dòng)名詞相關(guān)形式）：介意我用下你的電腦嗎？爸爸堅(jiān)決要求他的兒子上大學(xué)。.瑪麗病了，使她媽媽很著急。.他抽煙使他一家人非常生氣。.動(dòng)名詞和動(dòng)詞不定式作主語的區(qū)別：動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)名詞都可以用作主語。在意義上相近。但動(dòng)名詞多

4、用來表示泛指或抽象動(dòng)作，一般不與 特定的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者聯(lián)系在一起；不定式多用來表示具體的動(dòng)作或行為，往往與特定的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者聯(lián)系在一 起。比較以下句子：Savingmoneyisagoodhabit.Tosavemoneyisnoteasyforme.二）作賓語.下列動(dòng)詞之后只能跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語。完成finish完成finish保持keep承認(rèn)admit避免avoid禁不住 canthelpbebusy堅(jiān)持 insiston放棄giveup想要 feellike喜歡enjoy介意mind建議 suggest值得 beworth后悔regret練習(xí) practice考慮consider否認(rèn)deny想象

5、imagine.介詞 before/after/while/without 等后要跟 doing 形式.Heleftwithoutsayingaword.以下以介詞結(jié)尾的短語后面beafraidof 擔(dān)心betiredof beafraidof 擔(dān)心betiredof 厭倦payattentionto 注意;beusedfor 被用于；befondof/bekeenon 喜歡lookforwardto 盼望；beusedto習(xí)慣于；preferdoingtodoing 喜歡而不喜歡beinterestedin(haveinterestin)對(duì)感興趣thanksfor 感謝howabout/wh

6、ataboutdoing做什么事情怎么樣三）作定語個(gè)for個(gè)for加動(dòng)名swimmingpool=apoolforswimming 游泳池 drinkingwater 飲用水waitingroom 候車室 desk寫字桌sleepingbag 睡袋sleepingpill 安眠藥writingwritingpaper 信紙operatingtable 手術(shù)臺(tái)運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)readingroom 閱覽室playinggroundwashingmachine 洗衣機(jī)washingpowder 洗衣粉四)作表語Herhobbyispainting.她的愛好是繪畫。Herjobwastendingthe

7、sheep. 她的工作是放羊。Themainthingisgettingthereintime.首要的事是及時(shí)到達(dá)那里。四動(dòng)名詞的習(xí)慣用法：. Itisnouse/good/need+doing，做.沒用 / 不好 / 沒必要Itisnouse/good/needmakinganexcuseforthis.為此找借口是沒用的/不好的/沒必要的。.havedifficulty/trouble/problems(in)doing ，做.有困難havefun(in)doing 做很好玩Wehavegreatdifficultyinsolvingtheproblem.我們?cè)诮鉀Q這一問題時(shí)碰到了大難題。

8、3以time為中心的詞組后接動(dòng)名詞haveagood/hardtime(in)+doing過得很艱難/玩得很開心spend/wastetimedoing花時(shí)間/浪費(fèi)時(shí)間做某事Wehadagoodtimeplayinggamestogether.OnSundayIalwaysspendalotoftimehelpingmymothertodohousework.go+doing:動(dòng)詞go常與一些表示運(yùn)動(dòng)或休閑的動(dòng)名詞連用表示進(jìn)行某項(xiàng)活動(dòng)。Goboating/sightseeing/shopping/swimming/skating/climbing去劃船/ 觀光 /購(gòu)物 /游泳/溜冰 /爬山.動(dòng)

9、詞do常與一些表示室內(nèi)活動(dòng)的動(dòng)名詞連用表示進(jìn)行某項(xiàng)活動(dòng)Do(some)cooking/cleaning/reading/sewing/shopping/washing做飯/打掃/讀書/ 做針線活/購(gòu)物/洗衣服.在allow，advise，permit等動(dòng)詞后直接跟動(dòng)詞作賓語時(shí)用動(dòng)名詞，如果后面已有名詞或代詞作賓語，后面就 只能再跟動(dòng)詞做賓語補(bǔ)足語。allow/advise/permitdoingallow/advise/permitsbtodosthWedontallowsmoking/studentstosmokehere.need/want/require后接doing表示某事需要被做”，

10、也可以用不定式的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)tobedoneTheflowersneedwatering.Theflowersneedtobewatered.表示“一感(feel)二聽(hear,listento) 四看(see,watchookat,notice)”的詞。后加省去to的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或動(dòng)作的全過程。后加doing形式做賓語補(bǔ)主語，表示動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生。.keep/prevent/stop sb/sthfromdoing阻止某人 /某物做.其中prevent和stop之后的from可以省去，而keep后的不可省。TheGreenGreatWallkeepsthewindfrom

11、blowingawaythesoilandsand.用于“Therebe”結(jié)構(gòu)中。Thereisaboyswimmingintheriver.用于布告形式的省略結(jié)構(gòu)中。禁止吸煙NoSmoking!禁止停車NoParking!五以下動(dòng)詞既可以加不定式，也可以加動(dòng)名詞，但表達(dá)的意義不一樣.forgettodo忘記去做某事（沒有做）forgetdoing忘記做了某事（做了）.remember todo記得要做（沒有做）remember doing 記得做過（做了）.stoptodo停下來去做另外一件事stopdoing停止正在做的事4.trytodo盡力做某事trydoing嘗試做某事5.meant

12、odo打算做某事meandoing意味著做某事6.like/lovetodo喜歡做某事（一時(shí)的選擇）like/lovedoing愛好做某事（一向的習(xí)慣）7.goon/continuetodo繼續(xù)去做另一件事goon/continuedoing繼續(xù)去做同一件事動(dòng)名詞練習(xí)題一單項(xiàng)選擇。l.Itwasgreatfun apicniconthehill.A.tohave B.having C.have D.had2.Hisfatheragreed$4,000forthecar.A.withpaying B.topaying C.topay D.onpaying3.Todayweusemachines

13、usdomostofourwork.A.tohelp B.help C.helping D.helped4.Shepreferredme there.A.tostay B.wouldstay C.Istay D.stay.Weregoingtohelp thetrees.A.watered B.watering C.towatering D.water.TheGreatGreenWallwillstopthewindfrom theearthaway.A.blow B.toblow C.blowing D.blew 7.isbadforourhealth.A.Doingeyeexercises

14、B.GotobedearlyC.EatingtoomuchD.Takingawalk.WuDongisgoodat English.A.speak B.speaks C.speaking D.Spoke.Mostofthechildrenenjoy computergames.A.play B.playing C.played D.toplay.Whatafineday!Howabout outforawalk?A.goB.togo C.gone D.Going.Marywent aftershefinished herwork.A.swim;doingB.toswim;todoC.toswi

15、m;doingD.swimming;todo.Wouldyoumind thewindow,pleas e?Itscoldoutside.A.toclose B.closing C.closed D.close.Afridgeisusedfor vegetableandfoodcool.A.kept B.keeping C.tokeep D.keeps.Thefarmersonthefarmarebusy applesonthetrees.A.pickingB.topickC.pickD.picked.Whenclassbegan,westopped totheteachercarefully

16、.A.listening B.listenC.listensD.tolistenIusuallyforget thedoor,butIremembered itwhenIleftyesterday.A.closing;closingB.toclose;tocloseC.closing;tocloseD.toclose;closing.Whereismypassport?Iremember ithere.Youshouldnthaveleftithere.Remember itwithyouallthetime.A.toput ； totakeB.putting ； takingC.puttin

17、g ； totakeD.toput ； taking.Afterfinishinghishomeworkhewenton alettertohisparents.A.write B.writingC.wroteD.towriteIttooktheworkmenonlytwohourstofinish mycar.A.repairing B.repair C.torepair D.repaired.Jacksaidthathewouldntmind forus.A.towait B.wait C.waiting D.waited.Mybrotherkeeps mewithmywork.A.tohelp B.help C.helping D.helped.Weshouldoftenpractise Englishwitheachother.A.tospeak B.spoke C.speak D.speaking.Keepon andyouwillsucceed.A.atry B.try C.triing D.trying.Thestorywassofunnythatwe.A.couldnthelplaughB.cantbutlaughC.couldnthelplaughingD.couldnthelp