桿塔工頻接地電阻季節(jié)系數(shù)的監(jiān)測(cè)、工頻接地電阻、電氣連接性判斷、抗電流干擾水平、回路阻抗法增量的估算

1、（資料性附錄）桿塔工頻接地電阻季節(jié)系數(shù)的監(jiān)測(cè)A.1 設(shè)計(jì)接地裝置時(shí)，應(yīng)計(jì)及土壤干燥或降雨和凍結(jié)等季節(jié)變化的影響，工頻接地電阻在四季均應(yīng)符合規(guī)范要求。A.2 桿塔工頻接地電阻的季節(jié)系數(shù)可按下式計(jì)算：=Rj/R0式中：測(cè)量當(dāng)月桿塔工頻接地電阻季節(jié)系數(shù)；Zj測(cè)量當(dāng)月桿塔工頻接地電阻平均值；Z0雷季中無(wú)雨水時(shí)桿塔的工頻接地電阻。A.3 輸電線路桿塔工頻接地電阻季節(jié)系數(shù)測(cè)量可采用人工定期測(cè)量方式，也可采用在線監(jiān)測(cè)方式。測(cè)量時(shí)間不少于兩年，每周測(cè)量一次。A.4 選擇用于工頻接地電阻季節(jié)系數(shù)測(cè)量的桿塔應(yīng)具有地區(qū)代表性，如山地、平原、沿海以及不同土壤類型桿塔接地裝置等。A.5 測(cè)量季節(jié)系數(shù)時(shí)，應(yīng)同步記錄測(cè)量時(shí)

2、間、降雨時(shí)間及氣溫等天氣參數(shù)。提取雨后三天、無(wú)雨天氣的數(shù)據(jù)，用于工頻接地電阻季節(jié)系數(shù)的計(jì)算。（資料性附錄）架空輸電線路桿塔的工頻接地電阻有避雷線的線路桿塔的工頻接地電阻，在雷季干燥時(shí)，不宜超過(guò)表B.1所列數(shù)值。表B.1 有避雷線的線路桿塔的工頻接地電阻土壤電阻率（m）1001005005001000100020002000接地阻抗（）1015202530注：如土壤電阻率超過(guò)2000m，接地阻抗很難降到30時(shí)，可采用68根總長(zhǎng)不超過(guò)500m的放射形接地體，或采用連續(xù)伸長(zhǎng)接地體，接地電阻不受限制。（資料性附錄）接地裝置與桿塔基礎(chǔ)之間電氣連接性的判斷方法如果人工接地極與桿塔基礎(chǔ)之間存在電氣連接，采用

3、三極法測(cè)試時(shí)會(huì)有部分電流通過(guò)桿塔和避雷線分流，采用回路阻抗法測(cè)試時(shí)電流會(huì)通過(guò)基礎(chǔ)和接地極之間的小電阻回路流通，從而使接地電阻的測(cè)量結(jié)果產(chǎn)生誤差。本附錄提供人工接地極與桿塔基礎(chǔ)之間是否存在電氣連接的判斷方法，具體步驟如下：（1）解開(kāi)全部接地引下線，并將各接地引下線短接；（2）采用數(shù)字萬(wàn)用表電阻檔測(cè)量接地引下線與桿塔之間的回路電阻；（3）當(dāng)測(cè)量阻值在數(shù)及以上，或者阻值在數(shù)以下但阻值顯著變動(dòng)時(shí)，認(rèn)為接地裝置與桿塔基礎(chǔ)之間不存在電氣連接；當(dāng)測(cè)量阻值為數(shù)以下且較為穩(wěn)定時(shí)，認(rèn)為接地裝置與桿塔基礎(chǔ)之間存在電氣連接。（資料性附錄）電阻測(cè)試儀抗電流干擾水平的測(cè)試采用回路阻抗法測(cè)試接地電阻時(shí)，運(yùn)行中的架空輸電線路

4、在測(cè)試回路中產(chǎn)生工頻干擾電流，使儀器測(cè)試結(jié)果產(chǎn)生誤差。本附錄提供了回路阻抗法中判斷儀器抗電流干擾水平的可行方法，在儀器交接驗(yàn)收、儀器抗電流干擾水平不明確、對(duì)測(cè)試結(jié)果有疑義等情況下，可按照以下方法檢驗(yàn)測(cè)試?？闺娏鞲蓴_水平測(cè)試接線如圖D.1、圖D.2所示，采用交流電壓源在測(cè)試回路產(chǎn)生工頻干擾電流，通過(guò)電阻測(cè)試儀測(cè)量結(jié)果與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)電阻間的誤差水平判斷抗電流干擾水平。測(cè)試步驟如下：（1）將交流電壓源Us置為0V，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)電阻器RE設(shè)為1，此時(shí)電阻測(cè)試儀測(cè)量得到回路電阻為RE+r，從而獲得交流電壓源內(nèi)阻r。（2）將標(biāo)準(zhǔn)電阻器RE分別置于1、5、10，15、20、30和50等阻值，在工頻干擾電流AF分別為0.1A

5、10A范圍內(nèi)的多個(gè)點(diǎn)時(shí)，記錄測(cè)試儀的測(cè)量值Ri，計(jì)算測(cè)量值Ri與電阻器標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值RE+r之間的誤差Ri，Ri=Ri-(RE+r)。（3）標(biāo)記能保證測(cè)試誤差Ri/RE不大于5%的最大干擾電流，作為測(cè)試儀抗電流干擾水平。注：r交流電壓源內(nèi)阻，AF選頻電流表，RE標(biāo)準(zhǔn)電阻器（模擬接地電阻）圖D.1 鉗形表抗電流干擾測(cè)試接線圖 注：r交流電壓源內(nèi)阻，AF選頻電流表，RE標(biāo)準(zhǔn)電阻器（模擬接地電阻）圖D.2 四端子接地電阻測(cè)試儀抗電流干擾測(cè)試接線圖（資料性附錄）架空輸電線路桿塔的回路阻抗法增量的估算在第一次使用回路阻抗法測(cè)量、缺乏與三極法對(duì)比的回路阻抗法增量數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)，對(duì)使用GJ35和GJ50單、雙避雷線的架空輸

6、電線路桿塔的回路阻抗法增量可按表E.1的公式進(jìn)行估算，或按表E.2表E.9進(jìn)行估算。表E.1的公式中，較小的數(shù)值是儀表在并聯(lián)桿塔的中間一基桿塔測(cè)量所對(duì)應(yīng)的回路阻抗法增量，較大的數(shù)值是儀表在并聯(lián)桿塔的首端或終端桿塔測(cè)量所對(duì)應(yīng)的回路阻抗法增量，未計(jì)及接觸電阻的影響。表E.1 架空輸電線路桿塔的回路阻抗法增量R的估算公式避雷線種類增量法增量R的估算公式GJ35單避雷線(1.695e-0.5283n+0.1690e-0.04856n) Rj-0.8349e-0.09132n+1.111e0.02003nR(1.906e-0.5283n+0.1312e-0.002748n) Rj+3.704e-0.01

7、420n-4.206e-0.2066n雙避雷線(1.704e-0.5384n+0.1872e-0.06123n) Rj-0.6368e-0.05424n+0.7614e0.02117nR(1.647e-0.4919n+0.1185e-0.01021n) Rj-2.419e-0.1882n+2.030e-0.001004nGJ50單避雷線(1.696e-0.5210n+0.1574e-0.04050n) Rj-1.219e-0.1188n+1.501e0.0856nR(2.360e-0.6579n+0.1798e-0.01616n) Rj-4.333e-0.3400n+3.172e-0.0036

8、52n雙避雷線(1.775e-0.5614n+0.2014e-0.06553n)Rj-0.7087e-0.08421n+0.8362e0.01965nR(1.753e-0.5171n+0.1260e-0.007979n) Rj-2.757e-0.2253n+2.218e-0.001833n注：表中n為測(cè)量所在線路區(qū)段中與避雷線連接的并聯(lián)桿塔數(shù)量(n3),Rj為桿塔接地電阻。表E.2 GJ35單避雷線、中間測(cè)量時(shí)回路阻抗法增量R典型值并聯(lián)桿塔數(shù)量(基)對(duì)應(yīng)Rj的回路阻抗法增量R()Rj=2Rj=4Rj=7Rj=10Rj=15Rj=17Rj=20Rj=24Rj=27Rj=30Rj=40Rj=503

9、1.522.524.025.518.029.0210.512.514.015.520.525.541.332.023.034.045.706.377.378.79.7010.714.017.451.151.662.413.154.404.905.656.657.408.1510.613.161.141.572.192.803.804.204.805.606.206.808.8010.871.121.491.992.493.323.654.154.825.325.827.489.1581.121.481.932.373.093.383.814.384.815.236.668.0991.121.4

10、61.872.252.883.133.503.994.374.745.997.24101.121.461.862.212.783.003.343.784.124.455.566.67111.121.461.852.172.682.883.183.583.884.175.176.17121.121.461.852.172.652.833.113.473.744.024.925.83131.121.461.852.172.602.783.033.363.623.864.695.52141.121.461.852.172.602.783.033.363.623.864.545.31表E.3 GJ35

11、單避雷線、兩側(cè)測(cè)量時(shí)回路阻抗法增量R典型值并聯(lián)桿塔數(shù)量(基)對(duì)應(yīng)Rj的回路阻抗法增量R()Rj=2Rj=4Rj=7Rj=10Rj=15Rj=17Rj=20Rj=24Rj=27Rj=30Rj=40Rj=5032.313.324.816.318.729.8011.313.315.316.321.326.342.242.983.994.986.647.318.309.6310.611.614.918.352.242.913.754.515.756.256.987.998.749.5411.914.562.242.933.694.345.375.776.367.167.758.3510.312.372

12、.252.943.694.305.215.556.066.737.237.729.3811.082.252.943.704.305.155.475.926.516.947.378.7910.292.252.943.714.315.145.215.876.416.807.198.459.70102.252.943.714.325.155.455.866.376.747.108.259.37112.252.943.714.325.165.465.866.366.727.068.149.18122.252.943.714.325.165.465.876.376.727.058.109.07132.2

13、52.943.714.325.165.465.886.386.727.068.088.97142.252.943.714.325.165.465.886.386.727.068.048.94表E.4 GJ35雙避雷線、中間測(cè)量時(shí)回路阻抗法增量R典型值并聯(lián)桿塔數(shù)量(基)對(duì)應(yīng)Rj的回路阻抗法增量R()Rj=2Rj=4Rj=7Rj=10Rj=15Rj=17Rj=20Rj=24Rj=27Rj=30Rj=40Rj=5031.272.263.765.267.768.7710.312.313.815.320.325.341.021.702.693.695.366.027.028.369.3610.413.7

14、17.050.841.342.082.834.084.585.336.337.087.8310.312.860.801.211.802.413.414.814.415.215.806.418.4110.470.761.091.592.092.923.823.754.424.925.427.088.7580.761.061.491.922.632.923.343.914.344.776.207.6290.761.021.401.772.382.633.013.513.884.255.506.75100.761.021.351.692.242.462.803.243.573.905.016.121

15、10.761.021.311.612.112.312.603.003.303.604.605.59120.761.021.311.612.032.222.482.843.123.394.295.20130.761.021.311.611.962.122.372.702.953.194.024.85140.761.021.311.611.962.072.302.602.833.063.834.59150.761.021.311.611.962.072.232.512.722.933.644.35160.761.021.311.611.962.072.232.452.652.853.514.171

16、70.761.021.311.611.962.072.232.402.582.773.394.00180.761.021.311.611.962.072.232.402.582.773.393.88表E.5 GJ35雙避雷線、兩側(cè)測(cè)量時(shí)回路阻抗法增量R典型值并聯(lián)桿塔數(shù)量(基)對(duì)應(yīng)Rj的回路阻抗法增量R()Rj=2Rj=4Rj=7Rj=10Rj=15Rj=17Rj=20Rj=24Rj=27Rj=30Rj=40Rj=5031.682.794.175.678.179.1710.712.714.215.720.525.741.522.193.184.175.846.507.508.839.8310.8

17、14.217.551.502.042.793.534.795.276.027.017.768.5111.013.561.502.042.633.224.224.615.216.006.607.209.1911.171.502.002.573.083.914.244.745.405.896.398.059.7181.502.002.553.023.754.034.465.025.455.877.298.7191.502.002.563.003.634.034.294.805.165.316.778.01101.502.002.563.003.613.834.214.654.985.176.417

18、.51111.502.002.573.003.613.834.154.574.885.096.177.15121.502.002.573.003.613.834.134.524.805.035.996.90131.502.002.573.003.613.834.134.504.775.015.886.72141.502.002.573.003.613.834.134.504.765.015.816.59151.502.002.573.003.613.834.134.504.755.015.776.50161.502.002.573.003.613.834.134.504.755.015.746

19、.41171.502.002.573.003.613.834.134.504.755.015.736.39181.502.002.573.003.613.834.134.504.755.015.736.39表E.6 GJ50單避雷線、中間測(cè)量時(shí)回路阻抗法增量R典型值并聯(lián)桿塔數(shù)量(基)對(duì)應(yīng)Rj的回路阻抗法增量R()Rj=2Rj=4Rj=7Rj=10Rj=15Rj=17Rj=20Rj=24Rj=27Rj=30Rj=40Rj=5031.672.674.175.678.179.1710.712.714.215.720.720.741.492.203.234.235.906.577.578.909.90

20、10.914.217.651.331.842.593.344.595.095.846.847.598.3410.813.361.321.772.403.014.024.425.025.826.427.029.0211.071.311.702.222.723.553.894.385.055.556.057.719.3881.311.692.172.623.353.644.074.645.075.506.938.3691.311.692.122.523.153.403.784.274.655.026.277.52101.311.692.112.493.153.303.644.094.424.755

21、.876.98111.311.692.112.463.073.203.503.904.204.505.506.49121.311.692.112.452.993.163.443.814.094.365.286.18131.311.692.112.452.963.123.383.723.974.235.065.89141.311.692.112.452.933.123.383.683.924.164.945.71151.311.692.112.452.933.123.383.643.864.094.815.53161.311.692.112.452.933.123.383.643.844.054

22、.745.42171.311.692.112.452.933.123.383.643.814.024.675.31表E.7 GJ50單避雷線、兩側(cè)測(cè)量時(shí)回路阻抗法增量R典型值并聯(lián)桿塔數(shù)量(基)對(duì)應(yīng)Rj的回路阻抗法增量R()Rj=2Rj=4Rj=7Rj=10Rj=15Rj=17Rj=20Rj=24Rj=27Rj=30Rj=40Rj=5032.663.685.186.689.1810.211.713.715.216.721.726.742.613.404.445.447.117.778.7710.111.112.115.418.852.623.374.255.046.306.807.559.229

23、.3110.012.515.062.623.384.224.925.986.397.007.808.408.9910.913.072.623.384.224.965.876.236.757.447.958.4510.111.882.623.384.234.905.846.186.667.287.738.179.6211.192.623.384.244.915.846.176.637.217.638.039.3410.6102.623.384.244.925.856.186.637.207.607.989.2110.3112.623.384.234.925.866.186.637.207.597

24、.969.1010.2122.623.384.234.925.876.196.637.207.597.979.0810.1表E.8 GJ50雙避雷線、中間測(cè)量時(shí)回路阻抗法增量R典型值并聯(lián)桿塔數(shù)量(基)對(duì)應(yīng)Rj的回路阻抗法增量R()Rj=2Rj=4Rj=7Rj=10Rj=15Rj=17Rj=20Rj=24Rj=27Rj=30Rj=40Rj=5031.142.343.845.347.848.8410.312.313.815.320.325.341.121.802.803.805.466.137.138.469.4610.513.817.150.941.442.182.934.184.685.436

25、.437.187.9310.412.960.901.321.932.533.533.934.535.335.936.538.5310.570.871.221.712.213.043.383.874.545.045.547.208.8780.871.191.632.062.773.063.494.064.494.916.347.7790.871.161.541.922.542.793.163.664.034.405.656.90100.871.161.511.852.412.632.983.413.744.075.186.29110.871.161.481.782.282.482.783.183.483.784.775.77120.871.161.481.782.212.402.673.043.313.584.495.39130.871.161.481.782.152.322.572.903.153.404.225.05140.871.161.481.782.152.282.512.823.053.284.054.81150.871.161.481.782.152.242.452.742.953.163.874.