全國(guó)危險(xiǎn)廢物和醫(yī)療廢物處置設(shè)施課件

1、全國(guó)危險(xiǎn)廢物和醫(yī)療廢物處置設(shè)施建設(shè)規(guī)劃(Hazardous Waste and Medical Waste Treatment Facility Construction Program)趙建中 環(huán)保總局規(guī)劃司Zhao Jianzhong, Department of Planning and Finance, SEPA 2004年10月25日1全國(guó)危險(xiǎn)廢物和醫(yī)療廢物處置設(shè)施建設(shè)規(guī)劃(Hazardous背景(Background)1國(guó)家環(huán)境保護(hù)“十五”計(jì)劃明確要求;Required by “The Tenth Five-Year National Environmental Protectio

2、n Plan”;醫(yī)療廢物管理?xiàng)l例明確要求；Required by “Ordinances on Medical Waste Management”; 2背景(Background)1國(guó)家環(huán)境保護(hù)“十五”計(jì)劃明背景(Background)2危險(xiǎn)廢物處置和管理落后現(xiàn)狀的要求：2002年全國(guó)工業(yè)危險(xiǎn)廢物產(chǎn)生量為1000萬(wàn)噸，其中392萬(wàn)噸綜合利用，242萬(wàn)噸處置（18-20萬(wàn)噸社會(huì)接納和處理能力），其它貯存-歷年累積儲(chǔ)存量已達(dá)2600多萬(wàn)噸,醫(yī)療行業(yè)等還產(chǎn)生11.53噸放射性廢物。Required by the current situation: Large output of the hazar

3、dous waste (HW), low rate of safe disposal, poor management and supervision on HW,shortage of facilities to safely treat HW.3背景(Background)2危險(xiǎn)廢物處置和管理落后現(xiàn)狀的要背景(Background)3 醫(yī)療廢物處置和管理落后現(xiàn)狀的要求：2002年全國(guó)醫(yī)療廢物產(chǎn)生量為65萬(wàn)噸，平均日產(chǎn)1780噸，分散處理,嚴(yán)重流失，或混入生活垃圾，或投入生活鍋爐等簡(jiǎn)單焚燒，（二次）污染嚴(yán)重。 Required by the present situation: Large

4、output of medical waste(MW), poor management, mixed with municipal garbage, simple incineration, shortage or without of safely centralized facilities to treat MW. 4背景(Background)3 醫(yī)療廢物處置和管理落后現(xiàn)狀規(guī)劃的編制和出臺(tái)(Program drafting, review and approving) 因以上原因,以及SARS疫情,抓緊編制出臺(tái)了規(guī)劃:共用時(shí)4個(gè)月,完成上報(bào),2個(gè)月完成審批,是近年來(lái)編制時(shí)間最短、審批

5、時(shí)間最快的、國(guó)家資金支持力度最大的環(huán)保規(guī)劃之一(Because of the above reasons, as well as the SARS outbreak, the Program was worked out and approved in an unexpected speed, with a strong support from government budget)。5規(guī)劃的編制和出臺(tái)(Program drafting, rev規(guī)劃框架(Program Content)處置現(xiàn)狀和存在問(wèn)題(current situation and problems)指導(dǎo)思想、目標(biāo)、原則和技術(shù)

6、要求(guideline, purpose, principle and technical requirements)主要任務(wù)(main tasks)投資估算和資金籌措(estimated investment and its potential sources)政策和措施(supporting policies and measures)注：以下簡(jiǎn)要解釋主要任務(wù)、規(guī)劃原則、資金籌措、以及政策和措施(In the following the speech will only focus on the program principle, concrete tasks, investment

7、and related policies)6規(guī)劃框架(Program Content)處置現(xiàn)狀和存在問(wèn)題主要規(guī)劃原則1(Principle 1)集中處置，合理布局(Centralized disposal and rational distribution or layout)加強(qiáng)監(jiān)測(cè)、信息、技術(shù)研發(fā)、監(jiān)督管理等方面的能力建設(shè)(Establish and strengthen capacity building,like dioxin monitoring and so on) 不提倡各醫(yī)院?jiǎn)为?dú)分散處理Dont encourage hospitals to treat their MW sep

8、arately!7主要規(guī)劃原則1(Principle 1)集中處置，合理布局(主要規(guī)劃原則2：采用先進(jìn)實(shí)用、成熟可靠技術(shù)，切實(shí)實(shí)現(xiàn)安全處置(Principle 2: Requiring sound, advanced and mature technology) 處置設(shè)施建設(shè)要采用先進(jìn)實(shí)用、成熟可靠技術(shù)，技術(shù)起點(diǎn)要高,收集、處理、處置、綜合利用全過(guò)程必須符合相關(guān)要求(Require advanced and mature technology and facility)。嚴(yán)禁采用小型單燃燒室焚燒爐、沒(méi)有自控系統(tǒng)和尾氣處理系統(tǒng)的焚燒裝置(Prohibit certain kinds of fac

9、ilities) 。堅(jiān)決淘汰各種簡(jiǎn)易焚燒爐和其他各類排放不達(dá)標(biāo)的處置設(shè)施(Phase out unqualified facilities)。 8主要規(guī)劃原則2：采用先進(jìn)實(shí)用、成熟可靠技術(shù)，切實(shí)實(shí)現(xiàn)安全處置主要規(guī)劃原則3（Principle 3）危險(xiǎn)廢物和醫(yī)療廢物處置設(shè)施統(tǒng)籌規(guī)劃和建設(shè) (Hazardous Waste and Medical Waste disposal facility construction is encouraged to be planned as a whole)9主要規(guī)劃原則3（Principle 3）危險(xiǎn)廢物和醫(yī)療廢物處主要規(guī)劃原則4(Principle 4)

10、功能齊全，綜合配套 鼓勵(lì)危險(xiǎn)廢物集中處置設(shè)施同時(shí)配備綜合利用、焚燒和安全填埋等工藝裝置（Integrated disposal is encouraged: the disposal center is encouraged to be equipped with comprehensive reuse, incineration and secure landfill as a whole)10主要規(guī)劃原則4(Principle 4)功能齊全，綜合配套1集中處置技術(shù)路線(recommended technology for centralized facility)鼓勵(lì)采用回轉(zhuǎn)窯、熱解爐等焚

11、燒技術(shù)(Rotary Kiln and pyrolysis are highly recommended, especially for over 10 tons/day facilities)；小于10噸/日的處置設(shè)施，也可采用其他處理技術(shù),但必須做到殺菌、滅活、毀形和無(wú)害化,防止二次污染(less than 10 tons/day facilities can be allowed to use other technology, but there is a basic safe requirement, especially for MW)；積極發(fā)展等離子體等高新技術(shù)，鼓勵(lì)其他新技術(shù)的

12、開發(fā)和示范(Encourage new technology development and demonstration, like plasma technology)。11集中處置技術(shù)路線(recommended technolog31個(gè)省級(jí)危廢綜合處置中心(31 comprehensive treatment centers in each province for HW)300個(gè)設(shè)區(qū)城市醫(yī)療廢物集中處置中心(300 MW treatment centers in big cities)7個(gè)區(qū)域性二惡英監(jiān)測(cè)中心(7 dioxin Monitoring Centers)3個(gè)工程技術(shù)研發(fā)中心

13、(3 R&D Centers)國(guó)家和省級(jí)危險(xiǎn)廢物登記交換管理中心(HW and MW management and supervision centers)31個(gè)放射性廢物儲(chǔ)存庫(kù)(31 radioactive waste storage)具體建設(shè)任務(wù)(Concrete tasks) 1231個(gè)省級(jí)危廢綜合處置中心(31 comprehensive規(guī)劃安排和目標(biāo)（Schedule and target)2003-2004，建設(shè)一批前期基礎(chǔ)好、具有示范作用的危險(xiǎn)廢物和醫(yī)療廢物集中處置工程（Demonstration Project Construction for some well-prepar

14、ed HW & MW centralized-treatment projects with reliable and advanced technology, in order to get experience)2004，建設(shè)環(huán)保監(jiān)管能力建設(shè)項(xiàng)目(Capacity Building Project,like 7 Dioxin Monitoring Centers and Provincial Management Centers)2005-2006，建設(shè)設(shè)區(qū)城市的醫(yī)療廢物集中處置工程和其它省級(jí)危險(xiǎn)廢物綜合處置中心(All the other facilities) 到2006，實(shí)現(xiàn)全國(guó)危險(xiǎn)

15、廢物和醫(yī)療廢物安全處置目標(biāo)(Realizing the target that all the HW and MH in China are safely treated in in the main by the end of 2006) 13規(guī)劃安排和目標(biāo)（Schedule and target)20危險(xiǎn)廢物處置、醫(yī)療廢物集中處置設(shè)施投資138.7億元(Construction cost for HW & MW disposal facility: US$1.674 billions) 。能力建設(shè)需5億元，其中包括二惡英監(jiān)測(cè)中心、技術(shù)和工程中心等(Capacity building: US

16、$60 millions, including dioxin checking centers)。31個(gè)省放射性廢物庫(kù)填平補(bǔ)齊、擴(kuò)容改造等，需投資5.5億元(31 radioactive waste storages: US$66 millions)。投資估算(Estimated Investment) ： 149.2億元(US$1.8 billions)14危險(xiǎn)廢物處置、醫(yī)療廢物集中處置設(shè)施投資138.7億元(Con能力建設(shè)項(xiàng)目，主要由國(guó)家投資建設(shè)，地方要提供必要的配套條件(Management capacity building project: main investment from

17、central government and small part from local government)。承擔(dān)行政代執(zhí)行任務(wù)的集中處置設(shè)施，按東、中、西部有所差別的原則，國(guó)家安排國(guó)債資金支持(Disposal facility projects: central government will give 30%,60% and over 75% financial support according to project location, based on the total investment of each project) 。資金籌措(Investment arrangement)15能力建設(shè)項(xiàng)目，主要由國(guó)家投資建設(shè)，地方要提供必要的配套條件(落實(shí)各級(jí)政府職責(zé)(local governments responsible for the facility construction)制定收費(fèi)政策，保證設(shè)施正常運(yùn)營(yíng)(service fee collecting for facility operation) 建立