中考閱讀技能訓(xùn)練-猜測(cè)詞義

1、教學(xué)背景分析教學(xué)目標(biāo)教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)教學(xué)背景分析教學(xué)目標(biāo)教學(xué)課題中考閱讀技能訓(xùn)練猜想詞義學(xué)科英語(yǔ)I 年級(jí) I初三I時(shí)長(zhǎng)I 1課時(shí)指導(dǎo)思想與理論依據(jù)：義務(wù)教育英語(yǔ)課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)2011版，語(yǔ)言技能五級(jí)“讀”要求學(xué)生能根據(jù)上下文和構(gòu) 詞法推斷、理解生詞的含義，能理解段落中各句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系。普通高中英語(yǔ)課程 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（2017年版）在語(yǔ)言技能局部中也明確要求學(xué)生能根據(jù)上下文線索或非文字信息 推斷詞語(yǔ)的意義。猜想詞義的能力是語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力中非常重要的一局部。北京市歷年的 中考、高考的閱讀材料中均出現(xiàn)了猜想詞義題目，要求考生閱讀時(shí)能夠通過(guò)上下文，來(lái)推測(cè)詞義。教學(xué)內(nèi)容：本節(jié)目是一節(jié)課中考閱讀技能訓(xùn)練專題課猜想詞義。針對(duì)學(xué)

2、生缺乏利用語(yǔ)境中 信息進(jìn)行推測(cè)、判斷某些生詞意義的現(xiàn)實(shí)情況的與應(yīng)試需求，通過(guò)整合歷年來(lái)北京 市中考英語(yǔ)閱讀的猜想詞義真題，歸納這類題的閱讀技能，從以下四個(gè)方面幫助學(xué)生提 升猜想詞義的能力：.利用構(gòu)詞法.利用比擬、比照、因果關(guān)系.利用定義、解釋、舉例.利用文化背景和生活常識(shí)學(xué)生情況：初三的學(xué)生已掌握了一定的英語(yǔ)閱讀技巧并有一定的語(yǔ)篇分析能力，積累了一定的 詞匯量和構(gòu)詞法知識(shí)，但閱讀中遇到生詞時(shí)一，許多學(xué)生或翻閱詞典或求助老師，缺乏利用 語(yǔ)境中信息進(jìn)行推測(cè)、判斷某些生詞意義的習(xí)慣和意識(shí)。在考試過(guò)程中猜想詞義的 得分率較低。因此，指導(dǎo)和訓(xùn)練學(xué)生掌握一定的猜詞技巧和策略，對(duì)突破中考閱讀理解中生詞的障

3、礙，順利理解文章的思想內(nèi)容，提高閱讀速度，提高學(xué)生的捕捉文本信息能力和語(yǔ)篇分析 能力都有非常重要的指導(dǎo)意義。本節(jié)課后，學(xué)生能夠?qū)W會(huì)學(xué)IJ用構(gòu)詞法”,“利用比擬、比照、因果關(guān)系”、“利用定義、解釋、舉例，和“利用文化背景和生活常識(shí)”提高學(xué)生利用語(yǔ)境猜詞的意識(shí)和能力。教學(xué)方式 與策略利用啟發(fā)式教學(xué)的方法，兼用練習(xí)法的教學(xué)方式與策略，幫助學(xué)生梳理歸納中考閱讀猜 測(cè)詞義題的閱讀技巧。教學(xué)活動(dòng) 設(shè)計(jì)活動(dòng)內(nèi)容活動(dòng)意圖時(shí)間分配Step one: Lead-inTeacher asks questions:What will you do if you meet the new words when read

4、ing in your spare ? What will you do while having an English test? Student think about it and give his/her answers about this question導(dǎo)入環(huán)節(jié)： 通過(guò)提問(wèn)，“在閱讀的時(shí)候遇 到生詞該怎么 辦？ ”并進(jìn)一步追 問(wèn)如果在考試的 時(shí)候閱讀遇到生詞 該怎么辦”直接引 入主題，引發(fā)學(xué)生 思考1分鐘Step two: Learn and PracticeGuess by using word-formationT: how many ways do you know abo

5、ut word-building?Lets see some examples and summarize.e.g. When he reached the place with his army, he found an impassable river in front of him.e.g. Child workers in Dickens* novels were ill-treated.e.g. The woman emptied all her pockets to find her ticket.We can guess the meanings by prefix and su

6、ffix, compounding,conversionGuess by identifying key wordcomparison, contrast, causality （比擬,比照,因果關(guān)系） What kinds of words do you konw are about “comparison J “ contrast”，and “ causality ?Comparison: and, or, also, just as, similarly,accordingly e.g. Peter loves to talk, and his brothers are similarl

7、y loquacious.Contrast: but, however, while, unlike, on the other hand, in contrast, on the contrary, nevertheless, instead of , rather than , unlike, yet, though.e.g. He had been getting better but during the night his condition deterioratedCausality:because, since, for, as, so, in order to, so as t

8、o, as a result, thus, therefore, so.that.e.g. Tom is considered an autocratic boss because he makes decisions without asking others1 opinions.真題Humans are believed to be tied to nature. Playing in greener areas offers children opportunities to search and learn. Accordingly, green space is thought to

9、 prompt important exercises in discovery, creativity and risk taking. These exercises in turn positively influence brain development.The wordpromptprobably means.利用構(gòu)詞法通過(guò)提問(wèn)“你知道 有多少種構(gòu)詞的方 法”通過(guò)例句讓學(xué)， 在語(yǔ)境中讓學(xué)生學(xué) 生猜詞，體會(huì)利用 構(gòu)詞法猜詞的技 巧。小結(jié)：利用構(gòu)詞法中的前 綴和后綴、合成法、 轉(zhuǎn)化法.利用比擬、比照、 因果關(guān)系通過(guò)提問(wèn)，促使學(xué) 生思考總結(jié)關(guān)于 “比擬” “比照”和 “因果關(guān)系”的關(guān) 鍵

10、詞。分類呈現(xiàn)三類關(guān)鍵 詞的語(yǔ)境猜詞題， 引導(dǎo)學(xué)生通過(guò)識(shí)別 關(guān)鍵詞進(jìn)行猜詞。 并結(jié)合中考真題， 進(jìn)行加強(qiáng)訓(xùn)練。8分鐘.利用定義、解 釋、舉例.利用定義、解 釋、舉例通過(guò)呈現(xiàn)句子，讓 學(xué)生在語(yǔ)境中猜 詞，品味如何通過(guò) 定義，解釋和舉例 的方式猜詞。并在 此基礎(chǔ)上完成中考 真題。.利用文化背景和生活常識(shí)呈現(xiàn)句子，鼓勵(lì)根據(jù)日常生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)猜I司。總結(jié):猜詞題的幾1分鐘 種技巧。.利用構(gòu)詞法.利用比擬、對(duì)比、因果關(guān)系.利用定義、解釋、舉例.利用文化背景和生活常識(shí)A. controlB. encourageC. balanceD. change3.Guess by using definitions, exp

11、lanations, examples of the context.（下定義,解釋,舉例）Try to guess the meanings:Try to guess the meanings:e.g. Pantomime is a short play in which no words are spoken, e.g. Doctors who study the human mind and try to explain why people behave in the way that they do, called psychologists, are starting to bel

12、ieve this new finding.A psychologist is a person who may help you with your.studying difficulties in schoolmind and behavior problemsphysical activity and daily exercise真題The teachers also say that iPads allow students to learn at their own pace. Some students might listen to a dialogue only once an

13、d understand it, so they can save time for doing other things. Other students, however, might need to listen to the same dialogue again and again to understand it.What does the expression “at their own pace” probably mean?According to their own timetable.Without their teachers9 help.Because of their

14、 wonderful goals.Against their parents9 hope.4:Guess by making use of cultural background and common sense of life.Try to guess the meanings:1. Most of the flowers are beginning to w汕er because of the cold weather.2. In the old days, when girls from rich families were married to their husbands, they

15、 expected to bring with themselves plenty of dowry.3.But sometimes, no rain falls for a long, long time. Then there will be a drought.4. The snake slithered through the grass.Step 3: conclusionHow many ways have you learned to guess the words9 meanings?Use word-formationUse comparison, contrast, causalityUse definitions, explanations, examplesMake use of cultural background and common sense of life板書設(shè)計(jì)How to guess the meaning of the word you dont know?板書設(shè)計(jì)Use comparison, contrast, causalityUse definitions, explanations, examplesUse word-formation教學(xué)特色與反思教學(xué)特色與反思教學(xué)特色與反思Make u